The procedure for providing semi-stationary social services. Stationary social service institutions: some nuances of activity. Stationary and semi-stationary social services

Inpatient institutions social service

Remark 1

Stationary social services are implemented in stationary institutions (nursing homes, neuropsychiatric boarding schools, boarding houses, etc.). Disabled people and citizens are sent to these institutions old age who need constant monitoring and care for health reasons and who have completely or partially lost the ability to self-service.

A special network of stationary institutions has been created for disabled children and orphans. Active work is being carried out to solve the problem of child homelessness and prevent child delinquency.

Children with anomalies of physical or mental development between the ages of 4 and 18 are admitted to the orphanage. Children with physical disabilities and children with mental disorders should not be placed in the same institutions at the same time. The maintenance of elderly citizens in nursing homes is carried out on a paid basis at the expense of the enterprises in which they worked or at their personal expense.

In Russia, admission to boarding schools is carried out when women reach 55 years old, men - 60 years old; persons with I or II group of disability and have reached the age of majority. Persons in need of residential care are accepted only on condition that they do not have able-bodied parents or children who are obliged to support them according to the law.

Only disabled citizens with the corresponding disability group (I, II) aged 18 to 40 years old are admitted to boarding schools for the disabled, provided that they do not have able-bodied parents or children who are required to support them according to the law.

In psycho-neurological boarding schools there are people with chronic mental illnesses who need everyday services, care, and medical assistance. Reception of such citizens is carried out regardless of whether they have relatives who are obliged to support them or not.

For the elderly and disabled without a fixed place of residence, specialized institutions are being created:

• social hotels,
• social shelters,
• centers social adaptation and etc.

Such institutions provide food, medical care, accommodation (temporary place of residence), special measures are taken to socially adapt citizens who have lost social ties to new conditions of life in society.

Services provided by stationary social service institutions

The state guarantees the provision social services in stationary institutions social security the disabled and the elderly. These services include:

1. Material and household services. They include the provision of living space, cultural and community services, the organization of medical and labor activity, rehabilitation measures.
2. Services for the organization of life, food, leisure. Providing hot meals (including dietary meals), bedding, clothing and footwear, etc.
3. Sanitary-hygienic and social-medical service. They are characterized by the provision of free medical care, assistance in the implementation of medical and social examination, provision of care, rehabilitation measures, assistance in prosthetics, assistance in hospitalization, provision of the necessary sanitary and hygienic conditions.
4. Helping disabled people to receive an education that takes into account mental and physical abilities.
5. Legal services.
6. Services for the implementation of social and labor rehabilitation, i.e. creation of conditions for the use of residual labor opportunities.

Remark 2

Citizens living in stationary institutions are exempted from punishment. It is not allowed to use physical restraints in relation to the elderly, corresponding to medications, any kind of punishment, isolation. Employees of social institutions who violate these norms are subject to administrative, disciplinary and criminal liability.

The reform of the inpatient social security system is focused on developing measures to overcome the lack of places in social institutions, creation of acceptable living conditions in such institutions, relocation of social service institutions to more favorable, from an environmental point of view, areas.

The procedure for the provision of stationary social services

A ticket to a boarding house is issued by a social security organization after considering an application for admission to a boarding house and a medical card. In the event of a person's incapacity for work, his placement in a stationary social institution occurs as a result of the submission of an appropriate written application by the legal representative.

A pensioner or a disabled person, with the permission of the boarding house administration, may leave the social service institution for up to one month. Permission to temporarily leave a disabled person or an elderly person is given with the permission of the attending physician, a written obligation of relatives to provide the necessary care.

Remark 3

Citizens who are on stationary social services may refuse the services of these institutions, provided that there are persons capable of providing them with the necessary care and proper maintenance.

Special boarding houses are created, as a rule, for the disabled and the elderly, who were previously involved in violation of public order or convicted, engaged in begging or vagrancy, or transferred from the institutions of the internal affairs bodies.

Persons living in nursing homes for the disabled and the elderly who grossly and systematically violate the rules of internal order, on the basis of a recommendation from the administration of a stationary institution and by a court decision, can be transferred to special residential homes.

Citizens released from places of deprivation of liberty who need constant care, recidivists and persons who need administrative supervision are sent to special boarding houses.

Semi-stationary social services include social, medical and cultural support for disabled people, organizing their meals, recreation, ensuring their participation in feasible work activities and maintaining their active lifestyle. This form of social service contributes to the rehabilitation of disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, and who do not have medical contraindications for enrollment.

According to the national standard Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007 semi-stationary social service institutions include: a social rehabilitation center for the elderly and disabled; center day stay elderly and disabled citizens. Let us dwell in more detail on the characteristics of their activities. The Social Rehabilitation Center for the Elderly and Disabled Citizens is created to carry out health and social rehabilitation activities with disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service or have partially lost it. In the conditions of the social rehabilitation center, the initial reception of disabled people and accommodation are organized taking into account their age, gender, health status, existing diseases, ability to self-service; provide them with the social services they need.

Unlike the previous institution, the day care center for the elderly and disabled organizes its work for disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement. The main tasks in the implementation of semi-stationary social services for disabled people in the center are: providing them with social and cultural services, providing them with medical care, catering and recreation, maintaining an active lifestyle for disabled people.

Urgent social services are carried out in order to provide urgent, emergency assistance of a one-time nature to disabled people who are in dire need of social support, and include the following social services: one-time provision of free hot meals or food packages; clothes, shoes and other essentials; one-time financial assistance. Social work specialists assist persons with disabilities in obtaining temporary housing; organize legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served and emergency medical and psychological assistance with the involvement of psychologists and clergy for this work and the allocation of additional telephone numbers for these purposes. In emergency social service departments there is a rental of specialized equipment for the disabled and devices for caring for the seriously ill. In accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, emergency assistance to the disabled is provided at the urgent social service center. In the complex center of social services for the population, there is a department of urgent social services, in which the work of an apartment repair service for citizens with disabilities can be organized, a rental office has been opened technical means rehabilitation for the disabled, etc.

Rehabilitation aids (crutches, walkers, canes, wheelchairs, etc.) are provided to clients in accordance with the developed tariffs, and low-income citizens with disabilities use the rental free of charge.

The complex social service institutions designed to provide assistance to families, the disabled and other categories of clients who find themselves in a difficult life situation include a comprehensive social service center for the population. The center may include the following structural units that provide social services to citizens with disabilities: a consulting department, rehabilitation of children with mental and physical disabilities, home care, day care for the elderly and disabled, etc.

For example, in the state institution "Comprehensive Center for Social Services to the Population" in Znamensk, Astrakhan Region, a school for parents of disabled children "Help your child" was opened. Specialists conduct workshops, seminars, where fathers, mothers, grandparents learn how to organize a game and learning activities child with disabilities. Children and parents spend their leisure time together rehabilitation department complex center of social services for the population, namely, they participate in relay races, show master classes in arts and crafts, and regularly organize exhibitions of children's creativity and family skills.

Coordinating activities for the provision of social services to the disabled are carried out by the center for social services for the elderly and the disabled. The structure of this institution includes the following departments: social services at home, day care, social rehabilitation, urgent social services, social canteen, specialized department of social and medical services.

One of the main forms of social services aimed at extending the stay of disabled people in their familiar social environment (family, neighbors, etc.) and in order to maintain their social status is social services at home. According to the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, social service institutions for people with disabilities at home include: a center for social services at home for the elderly and disabled and a specialized center for social and medical care for the elderly and disabled at home. Home-based social services provided to persons with disabilities include: organizing their meals, including home delivery of groceries; assistance in the acquisition of medicines, food and industrial essential goods. The social worker assists in obtaining medical care for a disabled person, including accompanying him to medical institutions. Specialists of social service institutions for disabled people at home contribute to maintaining the living conditions of the client in accordance with hygiene requirements, assist in organizing for citizens with disabilities legal assistance and other legal services. Social services for disabled people at home can be carried out by one Social worker, social worker and nurse, as well as a team of specialists, which includes a psychologist, a lawyer, a hairdresser, a repair specialist household appliances, social worker, etc.

Specialists of departments of social services at home organize charitable events aimed at involving high school students in helping disabled people. Schoolchildren visit a citizen with disabilities at home, congratulate him on his birthday, perform all possible assistance in improving the client's life (wash dishes, take out the trash, etc.).

In the practice of social service departments at home, there is cooperation with the Russian Orthodox Church. Representatives of the church, at the request of clients, visit them at home, talk with the disabled, and provide them with psychological assistance.

In order to more effectively provide social services to people with disabilities at the place of residence, social service institutions cooperate with territorial public self-government. Territorial public self-government (TPS) is the self-organization of citizens at their place of residence on a part of the city territory for the independent and responsible implementation of initiatives on issues of local importance. This association is a form of implementation by the population of local self-government in the city and is designed to promote the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, their independence in resolving issues of city development.

The main forms of implementation social work with disabled people at the place of residence are: targeted material assistance, organization of club associations for the disabled, holding holidays for the disabled, holding free legal advice for citizens with disabilities, holding sports events among people with disabilities of various age groups, etc.

Within the framework of public self-government, social-consultative points of assistance to the disabled are being opened (Blagoveshchensk). This form of social work at the place of residence contributes to the development of a system of social services for the disabled. Social advisory centers are territorially close to the population, which makes it possible to ensure the real availability of social services to all those in need. Club associations have been created and operate here to organize leisure and employment of the disabled. Specialists of social advisory centers provide citizens with disabilities at the place of residence not only targeted social support (shoes, clothes, money), but also legal services, help them get a job, organize their vacation.

Thus, the main forms of social services for disabled people include semi-stationary, emergency social services, and social services at home. This makes it possible for a disabled person to preserve his usual living conditions (his home, comfort, friends and acquaintances), to extend his ability to be a more independent, independent and active member of society. One of the new forms of social work with people with disabilities at the place of residence is the implementation in territorial public self-governments of advising citizens with disabilities, where they are helped to organize their leisure time with the help of interest clubs, they invite lawyers, psychologists to provide the necessary information.

Questions for self-control

1. List the main forms of social services for the disabled.

2. Describe the semi-stationary form of social services for the disabled.

3. Expand the features of social work with people with disabilities at the place of residence.

National standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007. Social service of the population. Types of social service institutions for the elderly and disabled. // Social service. - 2009. - No. 2

Nikonov L.S., Chetverikov M.N. Targeted social protection: Experience municipalities- M., 2003.

Kholostova E.I. Social work with disabled people: Tutorial. - 3rd ed. - M., 2009.

Stationary social services are carried out in stationary institutions (boarding houses for the elderly and disabled, boarding schools for the disabled, neuropsychiatric boarding schools, etc.)

Elderly citizens and disabled people who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and who, for health reasons, are in need of constant extraneous care and supervision, are sent to these institutions. In addition, a network of specialized institutions for disabled children has been established.

In recent years, nursing homes have become widespread, the content of which is on a paid basis at the expense of the elderly themselves or the enterprises in which they worked.

Citizens of retirement age (women from 55 years old, men from 60 years old), as well as disabled people of groups I and II over 18 years old, are admitted to boarding schools, provided that they do not have able-bodied children or parents obliged by law to support them.

Boarding houses for the disabled accept only disabled people of groups I and II aged 18 to 40 who do not have able-bodied children and parents who are legally required to support them.

The psycho-neurological boarding school accepts persons suffering from chronic mental illness, who need care, domestic services and medical assistance, regardless of whether they have relatives who are legally obliged to support them or not.

In stationary institutions, not only care and necessary health care, but also rehabilitation measures of a medical, social and medical-labor nature.

Elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions are provided with:

1. material and domestic services (provision of living space, organization of rehabilitation measures, medical and labor activities, cultural and community services);

2. services for catering, everyday life, leisure (hot meals, including dietary meals, provision of clothes, shoes, bedding, creation of conditions for religious rites, etc.);

3. socio-medical and sanitary-hygienic services (free medical care, provision of care, assistance in conducting medical and social examination, rehabilitation measures, assistance in hospitalization, assistance in prosthetics, provision of sanitary and hygienic conditions in the premises);

4. organizing education for disabled people, taking into account their physical abilities and mental abilities;

5. services related to social and labor rehabilitation (creation of conditions for the use of residual labor opportunities);

6. legal services;

7. assistance in organizing funeral services.

Citizens living in stationary social service institutions also have the right to exemption from punishment. Any punishment of elderly and disabled citizens or the creation of amenities for the personnel of these institutions, the use of medicines, means of physical restraint, as well as the isolation of elderly and disabled citizens. The law provides for disciplinary administrative or criminal liability for persons guilty of violating this norm.

Application for admission to a boarding school together with medical card is submitted to a higher subordination organization of social security, which issues a ticket to the boarding house. If a person is incompetent, then his placement in a stationary institution is carried out on the basis of a written application of his legal representative.

If necessary, with the permission of the director of the boarding house, a pensioner or a disabled person may temporarily leave the social service institution for a period of up to one month. A temporary exit permit is issued taking into account the opinion of a doctor, as well as a written obligation of relatives or other persons to provide care for an elderly or disabled person.

The law provides for the right of citizens who are in stationary social service institutions to refuse the services of these institutions, but on condition that they have relatives who can support them and provide the necessary care.

Persons staying in boarding homes for the elderly and disabled of a general type, who systematically and grossly violate the rules of internal order, may be transferred to special boarding homes (special departments) by a court decision made on the basis of a recommendation from the administration of these institutions. They are created mainly for the elderly and disabled, previously convicted or repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violating public order, engaged in vagrancy and begging, sent from the institutions of the internal affairs bodies. In addition, they also send citizens in need of constant care from among those released from places of deprivation of liberty of especially dangerous recidivists and other persons who are under administrative supervision.

For persons without a fixed place of residence among the elderly and disabled, specialized institutions (social shelters, social hotels, social adaptation centers, etc.) are created, in which a temporary place of residence is provided (including medical care, food, accommodation) and measures are taken for social adaptation persons who have lost socially useful connections (primarily persons released from places of deprivation of liberty) to the conditions of life in society.

Social service institutions provide assistance not only to elderly citizens and the disabled, but also to orphans, and are also actively working to solve the problems of child neglect, the prevention of delinquency among adolescents of "social orphanhood", and social assistance to people without a fixed place of residence.

Children from 4 to 18 years old with anomalies of mental or physical development are admitted to the orphanage. At the same time, it is not allowed to place disabled children with physical disabilities in stationary institutions intended for the residence of children with mental disorders.

One of the varieties of social services for the disabled and the elderly are semi-hospital centers created in municipal centers of social services or under the bodies of social protection of the population.

In departments of day (night) stay, social, medical and cultural services are provided for elderly citizens and the disabled.

Semi-stationary social services are provided for elderly and disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement and have no medical contraindications for enrollment in such social services, as well as children in difficult life situations.

These institutions provide the following services:

1 organization of food, life and leisure (providing hot meals, providing bedding, providing books, magazines, newspapers);

2 social and medical services (assistance in obtaining medical and psychological assistance, provision of sanitary and hygienic services, organization of medical and recreational activities, assistance in conducting rehabilitation programs for the disabled, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium treatment, assistance in prosthetics, etc.) d.);

3 assistance in obtaining education and vocational training;

4 assistance in finding employment;

5 assistance in organizing legal services;

6 assistance in organizing funeral services.

For persons without a fixed place of residence and employment in the system of social protection bodies, special institutions of a semi-stationary type are created - night stays, social shelters, social hotels, centers of social adaptation. These institutions provide:

2 coupons for one-time (once a day) free meals;

3 first first aid;

4 personal hygiene items, sanitization;

6 assistance in providing prosthetics;

7 registration in a boarding house;

8 assistance in registration and recalculation of pensions;

9 assistance in employment, in the preparation of identity documents;

10 assistance in obtaining an insurance medical policy;

11 provision of comprehensive assistance (consultations on legal will dews, personal services, etc.).

Day (night) stay departments are a form of semi-stationary social service and play an important role in providing effective social support elderly people. They are created on the basis of municipal centers of social services or under the bodies of social protection of the population.

Day care departments are designed for household, medical, cultural services for the elderly, organizing their recreation, engaging in feasible work, and maintaining an active lifestyle.

Branches are created to serve at least 30 people. They include elderly and disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement. The decision on enrollment is made by the head of the social service institution on the basis of a personal written application of an elderly citizen or a disabled person and a certificate from a health care institution on his state of health.

The day care department provides the following services:

organization of food, life and leisure (providing hot meals, providing books, magazines, newspapers);

social and medical services (assistance in obtaining medical and psychological assistance, provision of sanitary and hygienic services, organization of medical and recreational activities, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium treatment);

assistance in organizing legal services;

assistance in organizing funeral services.

The emerging trend of reducing the services of inpatient institutions is associated with an increase in the provision of outpatient care to the disabled and the elderly living in ordinary home conditions by non-stationary social service institutions. The latter are represented by departments of social assistance at home (including at boarding schools, territorial centers, departments of social protection), territorial centers of social services and territorial social assistance services (as a rule, on the basis of territorial centers and departments of social assistance at home under rai (mountain) departments (departments) of social protection of the population).

Departments of social assistance at home provide the minimum required range of services for the delivery of food, medicine, firewood (coal), payment of housing and communal and other expenses.

Recently this organizational form is complemented by another, caused by the transition to market economy when a significant part of the elderly and disabled found themselves on the verge of poverty, having lost their livelihood, in an extreme life situation. This is an emergency social assistance service. The main types of services of the emergency social assistance service include: providing food, medicines, clothing, temporary housing, providing emergency psychological assistance, assistance in identifying disabled people in boarding schools and hospitals, providing services of hairdressers, repairmen of electrical household appliances, active cooperation with government, public, religious organizations, charitable foundations, funds mass media, organs government controlled and other institutions to take measures to resolve acute life situations.

The need for the functioning of urgent social assistance services is undeniable, as they develop and supplement the services of social assistance departments at home and, most importantly, allow disabled people who are beyond the poverty line to maintain their existence.

The semi-stationary forms of social services include territorial centers, the advantage of which is the possibility of combining medical and social services for the disabled. Territorial social service centers also make it possible to organize meals, create conditions for communication between the disabled and the elderly. The latter is an important factor for maintaining the moral tone of people living outside the family.

Initially, the creation of territorial centers was envisaged mainly together with inpatient departments, where conditions were created for a temporary stay (5-10 days) of JOBs in fairly comfortable conditions and preventive treatment (physiotherapy, phototherapy, massage, psychological relief). However, the creation of territorial centers with inpatient service requires additional conditions and, accordingly, more significant costs, for which the local social protection authorities do not always have the necessary financial resources.

Territorial social service centers have large reserves to meet the needs of the disabled. According to the management of the centers, more than 5% of those served are ready to pay for additional (in addition to those provided free of charge) services. But only a few territorial centers and social assistance departments provide paid services at the request of disabled people, and the range of services as a whole is limited to the general set: cooking, washing dishes, delivering linen to the laundry, washing clothes at home, providing bath services, cleaning the apartment, washing windows, buying groceries, medicines, manufactured goods, walking the dog, etc.

The semi-residential form of social service in Volgograd is represented by: the Day Care Center for Pensioners and Disabled People, the Center for Social Assistance to Families Raising Children of Disabled People in the Dzerzhinsky District, and the City Center for Social Assistance in the Kirovsky District.

The Day Center for Pensioners and Disabled Persons, designed for 30 places, is intended for social, medical, cultural services for pensioners and disabled people, organizing their meals, recreation, maintaining an active lifestyle, and attracting them to work. The Center accepts elderly citizens for service: men from 60 years old, women - from 55 years old, disabled people of groups I and II for a period of two weeks, who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement.

The Center for Social Assistance to Families Raising Disabled Children of the Dzerzhinsky District was established in 1995. The purpose of the Center is to promote the realization of the right of families and children to protection and assistance from the state, to promote the development and strengthening of the family as a social institution, to improve socio-economic living conditions, indicators social health and the well-being of the family and children, the humanization of family ties with society and the state, the establishment of harmonious intra-family relations: the organization of communication and leisure for children: training in self-service skills, household adaptation, and the provision of advisory assistance.

The City Center for Social Assistance in the Kirovsky District was created in order to protect people who find themselves in extreme conditions without a fixed place of residence and occupation, in a crisis life situation and the implementation of rehabilitation measures.

In the issue of developing the principles of the ratio of paid and free services, it is necessary to approach targeted and individually. Meeting the specific needs of the client for a moderate fee should be in addition to meeting his general needs free of charge. The rationale for this approach is confirmed by the experience of foreign social service systems, in particular Finland, where they strive to provide the client with services that promote (stimulate) his independence and serve as a prerequisite for a good moral and psychological state.

In order to further improve the system of social services and in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia dated 20.07.93. social service centers are being created, which are institutions of social protection of the population, carrying out organizational and practical activities on the territory of a city or district to provide various kinds social assistance to the elderly, the disabled and other groups of the population in need of social support. The structure of the center provides for various divisions of social services, including the day care department for the elderly and disabled, social assistance at home, urgent social assistance services and others.

To the main tasks of the social service center in joint activities with government and public organizations(health, education, migration services, committees of the Red Cross Society, veterans' organizations, societies of the disabled, etc.) include:

• - identification of the elderly, disabled and other persons in need of social support;
• - determination of specific types and forms of assistance to persons in need of social support;
• - differentiated accounting of all persons in need of social support, depending on the types and forms of the required, the frequency of its provision;
• - provision of social services of a one-time or permanent nature to persons in need of social support;
• - analysis of the level of social services for the population of the city, district, development of long-term plans for the development of this sphere of social support for the population, the introduction of new types and forms of assistance into practice, depending on the nature of the needs of citizens and local conditions;
• - involvement of various state and non-state structures in solving the issues of providing social and household assistance to needy segments of the population and coordinating their activities in this direction.
• d) Stationary social services are aimed at providing comprehensive social assistance to persons in need of constant care and supervision due to health reasons. State stationary institutions of social and consumer services include boarding houses for the elderly and disabled, the regulation of which was approved by order of the Ministry of Social Affairs of the RSFSR dated December 27, 1978. In accordance with this order, a “boarding house” is a medical and social institution intended for permanent residence of the elderly and disabled who need care, household and medical care. In the boarding house for the implementation of medical and labor and activating therapy, medical and production (labor) workshops are created, and in the boarding house located in countryside, in addition - a subsidiary farm with the necessary inventory, equipment and transport.

Other institutions of this type also include a psycho-neurological boarding school, defined as a medical and social institution intended for permanent residence of the elderly and disabled with mental chronic diseases and those in need of care, household and medical care.

Residential institutions for the elderly accept citizens of retirement age who do not have able-bodied children who are required by law to support them. As a matter of priority, invalids and participants of the Great Patriotic War, family members of fallen military personnel, as well as deceased invalids and participants in the war are admitted to boarding schools.

One of the indispensable conditions for admission is voluntariness, therefore, paperwork is carried out only if there is a written application from a citizen. An application for admission to a boarding house with a medical card is submitted to a higher social security organization, which issues a ticket to the boarding house. If a person is incompetent, then his placement in a stationary institution is carried out on the basis of a written application of his legal representative. The law provides for the right of citizens who are in stationary social service institutions to refuse services, but on condition that they have relatives who can support them and provide the necessary care.

Persons staying in boarding houses of a general type, systematically and grossly violating the rules of internal order in them, may be transferred to special boarding houses by a court decision made on the basis of a recommendation from the administration. They are created mainly for the elderly and disabled with previous convictions, vagrants, sent from the institutions of the internal affairs bodies and other persons who are subject to administrative supervision in the manner established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 1995 “On the development of a network of specialized boarding houses for the elderly and the disabled."

The functioning of boarding schools as one of the main forms of social services for the elderly is associated with a number of serious problems. Among them: the degree of satisfaction of needs in boarding schools, the quality of service in them, the creation of related conditions for living, etc. people are increasingly willing to live in their familiar home environment. The stationary form of social services is represented in Volgograd by the Traktorozavodsk Center for Social Services for Pensioners and the Disabled. The department with a hospital is intended for medical, cultural, consumer services, attraction to feasible labor activity, maintaining an active lifestyle.

Currently, inpatient institutions are mostly people who have completely lost the ability to move and require constant care, as well as those who have no housing. An alternative to boarding schools in the near future may be special residential houses for the elderly (approximate Regulations on a special house for lonely elderly people, approved by the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population on April 7, 1994), which, despite some shortcomings, still have a number of important advantages.

Today, a significant part of social service centers are multidisciplinary institutions capable of providing the elderly and disabled with a variety of types and forms of services, including social and medical, social and commercial services. The priority direction is the development of models of non-stationary social services (social service centers, departments of social assistance at home), which allow the elderly to stay in their usual environment as long as possible, maintain their personal and social status.

Thus, the main technologies at present are state technologies for the social protection of the elderly - pensions, social services, social assistance. However priority social work with the elderly is the organization of the living environment of aging people, carried out in such a way that an elderly person always has the opportunity to choose how to interact with this environment, because. older people are not an object of activity of various social services, but a decision-making subject. Freedom of choice gives rise to a sense of security, confidence in the future. Hence the need for alternative technologies of social work with the elderly. Among which are charitable assistance, club work, self-help and self-help groups.

The main tasks of a specialist in working with the elderly:

identification and accounting of lonely elderly and disabled citizens in need of home care;

establishing and maintaining communication with the labor collective, where war and labor veterans and disabled people worked;

establishing contacts with committees of the Red Cross Society, Councils of War and Labor Veterans, public organizations, foundations.

elderly social services

Stationary institutions social services are different: providing urgent social services (for example, an urgent psychological assistance service), providing semi-stationary social services (for example, a social rehabilitation center, a center for social services for the population) and stationary social services (for example, a boarding house, a special home for lonely nursing, geriatric center). Today we will touch on institutions of the latter type and figure out how pensions are paid to people living in them, who is the heir to the property of such persons, and also find out what stationary social service institutions can spend the funds transferred to a pensioner.

Legal, organizational and economic fundamentals social services for citizens are established by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the Basics of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation” (hereinafter - Law No. 442-FZ).

Social services are provided by social service organizations that may be under the jurisdiction of federal bodies executive power or subject of the Russian Federation.

Rules for organizing the activities of social service institutions and their structural divisions determined by the Order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2014 No. 940n, and the procedure for the provision of social services:

in the form of social services at home - by Order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2014 No. 939n;

in a semi-stationary form of social service - by Order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2014 No. 938n;

in the stationary form of social services - by Order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2014 No. 935n.

According to part 2 of Art. 30 of Law No. 442-FZ, financial support for the activities of social service organizations is carried out in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation at the expense of the federal budget or the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as well as at the expense of recipients of social services when providing social services for a fee.

How is the stay of citizens in a stationary social service institution paid?

By general rules social services in the stationary form of social services are provided to their recipients for a fee. At the same time, the amount of the monthly fee is calculated on the basis of tariffs for social services, but cannot exceed 75% of the average per capita income of the recipient of social services, calculated in accordance with Part 4 of Art. 31 of Law No. 442-FZ.

Note:

Social services are provided free of charge to minor children and persons affected by emergencies, armed interethnic (interethnic) conflicts. In addition, citizens who, as of the date of application, have an average per capita income below the limit value or equal to the limit value of the average per capita income for the provision of social services free of charge, can also count on free services. Regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation may provide for other categories of citizens to whom social services are provided free of charge.

The rules for determining the average per capita income are regulated by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 18, 2014 No. 1075.

The average per capita income is calculated on the basis of documents (information) on the composition of the family, the presence (absence) of income of family members or a single citizen and property belonging to them (him) on the right of ownership. When calculating the average per capita income, the income received by a citizen in monetary form. Incomes received by a citizen in kind cannot be taken into account when calculating the average per capita income.

The average per capita income is calculated based on the amount of income of family members or a citizen living alone for the last 12 calendar months preceding the month of applying for the provision of social services by dividing 1/12 of the amount of income of all family members for the billing period by the number of family members. The income of a citizen living alone is determined as 1/12 of the amount of his income for the billing period.

For example, let's calculate the maximum tariff for social services in a stationary form for a single pensioner from the Nizhny Novgorod region with a monthly income of 14,000 rubles. That is, the average per capita income of a pensioner is 14,000 rubles. (only the amount of his pension is taken into account, since there are no other family members with income). Consequently, the maximum tariff for a social service will be 10,500 rubles. (14,000 rubles x 75%).

Note:

The income of a citizen includes any payment made to him in cash, including monthly payments disabled people in accordance with federal law dated November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ “On social protection Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation” and a monthly cash payment in accordance with Federal Law No. 178-FZ of July 17, 1999 “On State Social Assistance” (Appellate ruling regional court dated 07/05/2017 No. 33-1539 / 2017, Letter of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation dated 04/15/2016 No. LCh-28-26 / 5325).

According to Art. 17 of Law No. 442-FZ, social services are provided to a citizen on the basis of an agreement concluded between a social service institution and a citizen or his legal representative. Essential conditions contracts for the provision of social services are the provisions determined by the individual program, as well as the cost of social services if they are provided for a fee or partial payment. Accordingly, it is in it that the amount of the monthly payment for the provision of social services should be fixed.

Payment for the provision of social services is made through a credit institution to the provider of social services or by depositing cash into the cash desk of the institution by a pensioner or his legal representative. Wherein:

The pensioner can independently pay for his content in the institution.

If a pensioner has children or relatives, they can pay for his maintenance.

In the first case, in accordance with paragraph 40 of the Rules for the payment of pensions, approved by Order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated November 17, 2014 No. 885n, the pension is transferred in full or in a certain part at the request of the pensioner territorial body PFR to the account of the stationary social service organization where the pensioner lives, at the expense of the established fee.

If a part of pensions is transferred to the account of the institution as payment for social services provided to pensioners in a stationary form, then the territorial body of the PFR simultaneously sends a list of pensioners indicating (clause 41 of the Rules for the payment of pensions):

the amount of established pensions;

amounts of pensions withheld and subject to transfer on account of payment for social services provided in the stationary form of social services.

The payment of the pension due to the pensioner after deduction is made through credit organizations, postal organizations and other organizations involved in the delivery of pensions.

It should be noted that it is not uncommon for a pensioner, believing that the institution provides poor-quality social services (for example, does not provide medicines at all or feeds poorly), writes to the Pension Fund of Russia an application to stop transferring part of the pension to pay for living in a stationary institution. In this case, the latter is deprived of funds for the provision of social services in accordance with the contract. But the situation is fixable: you can go to court and recover from the pensioner the debt to pay for inpatient accommodation in a social institution (see, for example, the Appeal ruling of the Omsk Regional Court of October 15, 2015 in case No. 33-6913 / 2015).

In what order are pensions paid to citizens if the institution is their guardian or custodian?

If an incapacitated or not fully capable citizen is placed under supervision in organizations providing social services, the duties of guardians or trustees are assigned to these organizations (clause 4, article 35 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). A similar rule is contained in the Rules for organizing the activities of social service organizations, approved by Order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2014 No. 940n.

Accordingly, it is they who will receive the pension of a citizen living in an institution.

Upon admission to an institution of such a citizen, an authorized person of the institution for the purpose of paying and delivering a pension must apply to the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, providing, issued from the institution, or an order from the head, as well as an act of the guardianship and guardianship authority (clause 8 of the Rules for the payment of pensions).

Disabled citizens living in social service institutions are paid a pension by transferring it to the account of this institution (clause 37 of the Rules for the Payment of Pensions).

All payments due to the ward are credited to a separate nominal account of the institution. Autonomous institutions have data cash are treated as temporary funds.

What can the funds transferred to the institution for the provision of social services be spent on?

Based on part 6 of Art. 30 of Law No. 442-FZ, the procedure for spending funds generated as a result of charging fees for the provision of social services is established:

federal executive body - for social service organizations under the jurisdiction of federal executive bodies;

by the authorized body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation - for social service organizations of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for spending funds generated as a result of collecting fees for the provision of social services should provide for the possibility of using these funds for current activities, the development of a social service organization, and incentives for its employees.

For example, according to the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Astrakhan Region dated June 10, 2014 No. 29 “On the procedure for spending funds resulting from the collection of fees for the provision of social services government agencies social services for the population" spending is possible:

1) for the current activities of the institution:

purchase of food and medicines;

acquisition soft inventory and other current expenses;

2) for the development of the institution. Spending is possible for the development of the material and technical base and ensuring the activities of the institution: utilities, economic needs, current repair equipment and buildings;

3) to stimulate the work of employees of the institution.

The list of areas where you can spend the funds generated as a result of charging fees for the provision of social services by institutions of the Belgorod Region is much wider. In particular, on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Belgorod Region No. 407-pp dated November 10, 2014, these funds can be spent on strengthening the material and technical base (18 points, including providing access to the Internet, employees, etc.), remuneration and incentive payments (not more than 30% of the amount of funds generated as a result of the collection of fees), the cost of paying for additional positions of employees involved in the provision of social services that are not provided for by the staffing table.

In any case, the spending of funds is carried out by the institution in accordance with the plan of financial and economic activities for the current fiscal year and planning period.

What can be spent on the funds of incapacitated citizens left after paying for inpatient services?

According to paragraph 1 of Art. 37 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, an institution that is a guardian or trustee of an incompetent or partially capable citizen residing in it has the right to dispose of the income of the ward solely in the interests of the ward and with the prior permission of the guardianship and guardianship authority. Amounts of alimony, pensions, allowances, as well as other funds paid for the maintenance of the ward, with the exception of income that the ward has the right to dispose of independently, are subject to crediting to a separate nominal account opened by the guardian or trustee, and are spent without prior permission from the guardianship and guardianship authority.

Thus, the financial resources of an incapacitated citizen, remaining after paying for stationary social services, are kept on the nominal or personal account of the institution and can only be spent on meeting the personal needs of such a citizen.

For example, the Decree of the Ministry of Social Protection of the Moscow Region dated February 22, 2008 No. 10-r determines that the decision to spend the remaining funds is made by the commission for the expenditure of funds of incapacitated citizens, which is created by order of the head of a stationary institution from among representatives of the administration and accounting department. This commission draws up and approves a list of goods and services that an incapacitated citizen needs, and also appoints persons responsible for the purchase of goods and their issuance to incapacitated citizens.

Employees of a stationary institution responsible for the purchase of goods and their issuance to incapacitated citizens, taking into account the opinion of incapacitated citizens:

draw up a list of goods within the approved list;

determine the amount of funds required for their acquisition;

submit information to the commission for making a decision on the withdrawal of funds.

The issuance of purchased goods to an incapacitated citizen is carried out in the presence of the head of the department of the stationary institution in which the citizen lives. Such a transfer is formalized by an act, which is signed by the person responsible for their acquisition and issuance.

Who has the right to dispose of the property of the elderly citizens?

First, it should be borne in mind that guardians or trustees do not have the right to the property of their wards, including the amount of pensions, allowances and other payments provided for their maintenance (Article 17 of the mentioned law).

An institution where a pensioner or a disabled person lives, performing the functions of a guardian or trustee, is not entitled, without prior permission from the guardianship and guardianship authority, to make or give consent to transactions for the alienation, including the exchange or donation of the property of the ward, its leasing (lease), for gratuitous use or collateral.

Note:

The institution may dispose of the property of a citizen recognized as legally incompetent, based on the opinion of the ward. If the opinion of the ward cannot be established, it is necessary to take into account information about his preferences received from the parents of such a citizen, his former guardians, other persons who provided services to such a citizen and faithfully performed their duties (Article 37 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Regarding the ownership of property of citizens living in social institutions, we will say the following. If such a citizen has children or other relatives, they dispose of the property and inherit it in accordance with the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in accordance with the order. Recall that the heirs are (Articles 1141 - 1143 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation):

in the first place - the children, spouse and parents of the testator;

in the second place - brothers and sisters, grandfather and grandmother;

in the third place - uncles and aunts of the testator.

Note that a pensioner or disabled person living in an institution can write a will and certify it with a notary, thereby disposing of his property in case of death. Also, the director of the nursing home can certify the will, and such a will will be equated to a notary.

If an elderly person has no children and other relatives who could inherit, there are two options:

1. A pensioner can transfer his property to the disposal of a social institution. To do this, a life-long maintenance agreement with a dependent is concluded with a nursing home or other social institution where a citizen lives (Article 601 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). In this case, the social institution maintains the citizen at its own expense, but the property will be transferred to the institution after the death of the citizen.
2. If the property of a pensioner was not transferred to the disposal of the institution where he lives, he has no heirs and it was not bequeathed to anyone, then after the death of a citizen, the property is considered escheated (Article 1151 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). In this case, the immovable property is transferred to the ownership of the city or rural settlement, municipal district(in part of inter-settlement territories) or an urban district. Other escheated property (including money) passes by way of inheritance under the law into the ownership of the Russian Federation.

Note:

As a rule, the procedure for the actions of a state (municipal) institution with the property of citizens, recognized in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation as escheat, is established by the state (municipal) authority, which is entrusted with such powers. For example, by order of the Ministry social policy of the Nizhny Novgorod region dated 01/26/2016 No. 31 approved Guidelines on the procedure for collecting documents for registration of ownership of escheated property left after the death of citizens who were in stationary social services in psycho-neurological boarding schools subordinate to the Ministry of Social Policy of the Nizhny Novgorod Region.

The situation is different with a pensioner who does not own an apartment, but he lives in it under a social tenancy agreement. When registering in a nursing home or other social institution for permanent residence the municipality has the right to terminate the employment contract with such a pensioner. That is, the right to an apartment with such a pensioner will be lost. To prevent this from happening, many citizens:

are issued to a social institution temporarily (a period must be specified in the contract);

they privatize an apartment and then conclude an agreement with an institution providing social services.

Let's summarize the above.

Social services in the stationary form of social services are provided to their recipients for a fee. The amount of the monthly fee is calculated on the basis of tariffs for social services, but cannot exceed 75% of the average per capita income of the recipient of social services. A pensioner can pay for his own maintenance in an institution (for example, from a pension), or this can be done by his relatives or guardians.

At the request of the pensioner, the pension is transferred in full or in the part determined by him by the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation to the account of the stationary social service organization where the pensioner lives, at the expense of the established fee. The rest of the pension can be transferred to the pensioner's account with a credit institution or delivered directly to him. Disabled citizens living in social service institutions are paid a pension by transferring it to the account of this institution.

The funds generated as a result of charging fees for the provision of social services can be used by the institution for its development, covering the costs of current activities and stimulating employees. The funds of an incapacitated citizen remaining after paying for inpatient social services are kept on the personal account of the institution and can only be spent to meet the personal needs of such a citizen.

The property of incapacitated citizens who lived in social institutions, after their death, does not pass into the disposal of this institution. It can be transferred to an institution under a life-long maintenance agreement with a dependent, concluded with a pensioner during his lifetime, or on other legal grounds. If such an agreement has not been concluded, there are no heirs to the property and it has not been bequeathed to anyone, then after the death of such a citizen, the property is considered escheated (Article 1151 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) and becomes the property of the state.