Trade equipment presentation. Presentation of the lesson "mechanical equipment in public catering establishments". Technical means for settlement with customers in stores

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Technical means for settlement with customers in stores

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Cash register (KKM) - designed to register the purchase of goods and print cash receipt. The cash register (KKM) is a tool of state control over the cash turnover, completeness and timeliness of accounting for cash proceeds by enterprises. Cash register - an electronic device equipped with a device for printing a cash receipt. This device has a screen, a keyboard and a printer that prints on a special paper tape. Cash registers provide clarity, simplicity and correctness of calculation, control over the conduct of settlement and cash transactions, accuracy of accounting for cash receipts, increase the productivity of cashiers, reduce to a minimum the possibility of errors in calculations, provide information on the volume of sales of goods and the number of serviced buyers by shift hours. At the same time, the process of settlements with buyers is significantly accelerated. FEDERAL LAW dated May 22, 2003 N 54-FZ "On the use of cash registers in cash settlements and (or) payments using payment cards" Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 23, 2007 N 470 "Regulations on the registration and use of cash registers used organizations and individual entrepreneurs. 5

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Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 23, 2007 N 470 approved the Regulations on the registration and use of cash registers used by organizations and individual entrepreneurs. application requirements. In all organizations and enterprises, only serviceable cash registers with long-term and non-volatile storage of information in fiscal (control) memory can be used. Before purchasing cash registers, you must make sure that they are: approved for use in accordance with the classifier; have, in cases established by the State Commission for CCM, application programs; equipped with means visual control"State Register" and "Service"; are registered at the technical service center (CTO), which is obliged to conduct a service check annually (in January-February); registered with the tax authorities. After the expiration of the application period, due to exclusion from the register, KKM must be removed from registration with the tax authorities and from that moment it is prohibited to use it. Check details requirements. Previously, the requirements for the details of the check were limited only to reflecting the KKM number, the date of receipt of cash and the amounts received in it. Now, instead of a cashier's check, the buyer (client) is allowed to issue a supplementary (insert) document, carried out through the cash register and reflecting, like a check, the following details: name of the organization; identification number of the organization-taxpayer; serial number of KKM; serial number of the check; date and time of purchase; the cost of the purchase or service; a sign of the presence of fiscal memory. Documentation requirements. Changes have been made to the procedure for maintaining the book of a cashier-operator for KKM and to the terms of storage of documents confirming cash settlements with buyers. If previously allowed common book cashier-operator for all cash registers on the trading floor, now a control tape is mandatory for all cash registers and a book of a cashier-operator certified by the tax authority is kept separately for each cash register. The control tape, the book of the cashier-operator and other documents confirming the conduct of cash settlements with buyers must be kept for the periods established for primary accounting documents, but not less than 5 years. The head of the organization is responsible for ensuring their storage. operational requirements. In order for the KKM to be allowed to work, it must meet the following requirements: conformity of the design of the machine to the type of enterprise, method of sale, price level for goods; simplicity of design, providing ease of operation and repair; impeccable accuracy of calculations; high performance; reflection of the type of operations and results of calculations; clarity of indications of the indicator mechanism; reliability in work; ability to document transactions; registration and recording of data to study consumer demand and receive commercial information; compact design and low weight; the lowest possible cost and price; keyboard ergonomics; compatibility with computer systems; presence of an interface. aesthetic requirements. These requirements include: current design; high quality finishing materials; correspondence of proportions and finishes to the functional purpose; harmonious combination of color scheme with the interior of the trading floor.

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Cash registers are fiscal (used in countries where fiscal legislation is in force) and non-fiscal. Fiscal cash registers differ from non-fiscal cash registers in the presence of fiscal memory - an information carrier, data from which cannot be deleted, as well as other design features described by local fiscal legislation. Fiscal memory accumulates data on transactions performed using this cash register. Fiscal memory is a complex of software and hardware tools as part of cash registers that provide uncorrected daily (every shift) registration and non-volatile long-term storage of the final information necessary for the full accounting of cash settlements and (or) settlements using payment cards carried out using cash registers, in order to correctly calculate taxes For settlements with customers, cash equipment is used: electromechanical cash registers, (single-meter, multi-meter or multi-section; with counters summing up the cost multiple purchases for self-service stores); automatic cash desks (to pay for one-time services and purchase sets of products); electronic cash registers; complex automated settlement systems (automate the process of settlement with customers, accounting and reporting; contain electronic cash registers, a memory unit, a computer, a control panel).

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Functions: take into account in the sectional counters the amounts received from buyers; on a check tape, the sums carried out through the cash machine are printed line by line, indicating the code and counter number. indicate in the indicators each spent amount, the number of the counter on which it was posted, and the code. take into account all the posted amounts (the cost of individual goods) of one buyer in the counter of partial totals. issue a cash receipt indicating all the amounts posted and their total, the symbol (cipher) and counter number (against each amount), the serial number of the check, the date and cliché of the trade enterprise (name of the trade organization, store number, etc.). calculate and print on the check the amount of change due to the buyer (after deducing the subtotal and entering the amount paid by the buyer into the machine). indicate the amount of change in the indicators. issue a cash receipt indicating all the amounts posted, their total, the amount paid by the buyer and the amount of change, counter numbers and ciphers, the serial number of the check, the date and the cliché of the trade enterprise. print and issue cash receipts for one amount (under the appropriate modes of cash registers) for stores that do not use self-service. print and issue the reporting sheets "Indications of section meters" and "Cleaning of section meters". print on the control tape the amounts posted on the cash register (indicating the counter number and code), the total changes paid by the buyer, as well as the amounts accumulated in the section counters (indicating the counter number), when taking meter readings or canceling, and the total these amounts.

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The list of documents required for registering KKM:

Application to the IFTS at the place of registration of a legal entity / individual entrepreneur; Premises lease agreement + its copy; Certificates of OGRN and TIN + copies; Bank details; Seal; Journal of the cashier-operator (form KM-4); Call log technical specialists(form KM-8); Registered KKM. Documents for KKM: version passport, additional sheet to the version passport, EKLZ passport, KKM passport (form); Service contract with TsTO; Power of attorney for the right to sign (in the absence of the director or chief accountant of the company). Hologram "Service" and stamp-seal. 9

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The cash register was first invented at the end of the 18th century in America by David Brown. Brown's cash register was used by the largest store in Massachusetts and has never failed over a century of operation, it allowed to control the balance of goods and movement Money, increase sales volumes, as well as reduce the time of the trading operation. 1884 was a turning point in the history of cash registers, as a new cash register was introduced, invented by the Ritty brothers. The device allowed the cashier to make faster and more accurate calculations and, most importantly, kept in memory information about the payments made, which greatly pleased the tax authorities. In Russia in trading activities Western-made cash registers were used. But since 1977, the production of domestic Oka devices based on the Swedish model began in Ryazan. By the beginning of 1990, the Ryazan plant was the leader in the production of three models of cash registers, which were used not only by Russia.

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KKM classification

By areas of application The basis for their classification is the "Classifier of cash registers used on the territory of the Russian Federation", approved by the State Interdepartmental Expert Commission (GMEC). for trade; for the service sector; for trading in petroleum products; for hotels and restaurants. Autonomous KKM by design; passive system cash register; active system cash register; fiscal registrar. By power source - KKM with a built-in battery (battery or accumulator); - with power supply from the alternating current network; - with connection to an external battery; - with combined power supply. eleven

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Autonomous cash register - a cash register, the expansion of the functionality of which can be achieved only by connecting additional input-output devices controlled by the cash register according to the programs placed in it. Stand-alone cash registers also include portable cash registers that have the ability to work without a permanent connection to the mains. Passive system cash register - a cash register that has the ability to work in a computer - cash system, but does not have the ability to control the operation of this system. Passive system cash register can be used as a standalone cash register. Active system cash register - a cash register (KKM), which has the ability to work in a computer-cash system, while controlling the operation of the system. An active cash register system also includes a POS-terminal - cash register with fiscal memory, which has the capabilities of a personal computer for input-output, storage, processing and display of information. POS systems are software and hardware systems that include a fiscal registrar, a computer, a monitor, a keyboard, a display for customers, and magnetic card readers. An active system POS printer can be used as a passive system or standalone POS printer. A fiscal registrar (FR) is a cash register capable of operating only as part of a computer cash system, receiving data through a communication channel.

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Cash register equipment

autonomous (portable) cash desks active system passive system fiscal registrars

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Selection specifications, which you need in the cash register, can be divided into several stages: Collecting complete information about the types of cash registers available for sale, Determining the amount that the company can spend on cash registers, Taking into account the specifics of a particular trade enterprise (method of trade, assortment, type of goods, intensity and sales technology, as well as the required number of cash registers), Obtaining a guarantee from the manufacturer for cash registers and software for the selected software system. Acquisition of a cash register.

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Traditional. The main problem of counter trade automation is the delivery of information about the goods selected by the buyer to the cash register. In this case, the following options are possible: KKM is on the counter, and the seller himself breaks the check; the seller writes out a soft check for the goods, the buyer passes it to the cashier, the cashier punches all the goods listed in it at the checkout (KKM are located in separate booths, the information carrier is a soft check); the seller scans all the selected goods with the data collection terminal, as well as a special card of the buyer. The buyer passes the card to the cashier, the cashier scans the buyer's card, and the cash register automatically generates the commodity part of the check (the cash register in separate booths, information transfer: the buyer's card and the data collection terminal). These options, differing in the amount of equipment costs, distribution of functions and work technology, have their pros and cons, namely: the option of placing cash registers directly on the shelves is the most technologically advanced; the option of using soft checks is the cheapest, at the same time, it can only be suitable for stores with a small assortment and low customer traffic; the option using data collection terminals is the most difficult to implement.

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Supermarket. In the supermarket, cash registers are located at the exit from the self-service hall, which reduces the need for cash registers and increases the throughput of the store. In supermarkets, it is most rational to use bar coding of goods, which dramatically speeds up customer service at the checkout. Sample trade. With this form of trade, the trading floor is actually a showroom, in which the sales assistant, working individually with the buyer, helps him pick up the goods and place the buyer's order. The buyer pays for the order and receives the selected and paid for goods at the warehouse or at the pick-up point where they arrive from the warehouse.

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Cach & Carry. With this form of trade, a maximum of goods is placed on the trading floor in transport packaging (in boxes on pallets). Due to this, a reduction in the costs of individual warehouses and work on the laying out of goods is achieved. Otherwise, this trading method differs little from self-service stores. Discount. Discounts tend to focus on reducing all costs, including the design of the trading floor and transaction costs. Due to this, they manage to reduce prices and, accordingly, increase turnover. Most successfully, discounts work as part of retail chains. Technologically, discounts are similar to Cach & Carry, but the number of personnel and the level of service are minimized, and all managerial and commercial functions moved to the central office.

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Choice of electronic commercial equipment depends on the method (form) of trading. But in any case, it is necessary to make the optimal decision on the choice of: cash registers; barcode scanners; barcode printers; data collection terminals, etc.; cash registers of POS-terminals; fiscal registrars, etc. Electronic cash registers are the cheapest, but they have a smaller scope of functions, they are less flexible and, as a rule, have limitations on the number of commodity items stored in memory. Computer cash registers combine functionality, flexibility and power of a professional solution. They should be used in stores with a large assortment and high traffic. Fiscal printers can be connected to any computer and any software complex, however, this option can only be recommended for specific trading technologies, when it is impossible to use other options.

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It is also necessary to take into account the design of the case of cash registers. From this position, one can distinguish: monoblock, modular and dispersed cash registers. Monoblock cash registers are supplied in a single case that combines all the main components: keyboard, cashier's monitor, receipt printer, display for the customer. In modular KKMeti nodes are enclosed in independent cases. This arrangement allows you to more freely place the components of the cash register on the cash desk. Dispersed CMCs are similar to modular ones. But their design features make it possible to fully implement the "Front-Facing" concept, when all nodes of the cash register are placed strictly between the cashier and the buyer. The "Front-Facing" concept, coupled with a productive receipt printer and scanner, allows you to maximize the throughput of the cash and settlement unit. According to the method of outputting information to a receipt tape, dot-matrix printers and thermal printers are distinguished. The print speed for a thermal printer is up to 40 lines / s, for a matrix printer - 2–4 lines / s. Replacing a receipt ribbon in a thermal printer is simple, while in a matrix printer it is difficult. For a thermal printer, only a paper receipt ribbon is needed, for a matrix printer, a paper receipt ribbon and a cartridge with an ink ribbon.

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The main functionality of POS-terminals: Registration of sales at a free price; Registration of sales by code or barcode; Percentage discount/surcharge for a position in a receipt; Percentage discount on the check amount; Visual search for goods in the directory; Return by check number; Seasonal and time discount; Obtaining a report on the sale of goods; Download product directory via local network from computer trading system; Ability to connect various additional devices (scales, magnetic card and barcode scanners); Ability to customize the type and printing of receipts.

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When equipping a store with a passive cash register, it is necessary to decide on the method of connecting the computer and the cash register. There are three common ways: 1. In the fiscal registrar mode, while on workplace the cashier installs a computer that connects to the cash register. At the same time, checks are printed on a cash register, and sales are processed on a computer. 2.On-line mode. At the same time, KKM has a permanent connection with the computer that stores the product database. To service several cash registers, one computer can be used, which can be placed in a separate room. 3. Off-line mode. In this mode, one or more cash registers, which are equipped with their own internal memory, are connected to a computer that stores a database of goods. KKM connects to the computer only during the exchange of information, when it transmits data on sales from the cash register, and the computer transmits updated information on prices and assortment of goods. This method is the most preferred and reliable, since cash registers operate almost autonomously and cannot be affected by main computer or network problems. The next thing you need to pay attention to is the existing restrictions for this model of the device: Simultaneous work with several peripheral devices (scales, barcode and plastic card scanners); Programming of different modes of operation of the cash register from a computer (authorities of cashiers, receipt header scheme, etc.); Maximum distance of cash register from the computer (as a rule, no more than 25 m for cash register and up to 250 m for POS-terminals); The ability to update the product directory, which does not require stopping the cash register.

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The cash register is a compact set of functional mechanical and electronic units in various combinations, designed for cash settlement operations. KKM can have the following main functional blocks: installation; indicator; counting; printing; closing; transfer; drive; random access memory; blocking device; nutrition; interface. All blocks are arranged on a metal frame, covered with a casing, in the lower part of which there is a cash drawer. The setting mechanism (keyboard) is a set of keys for displaying the amount, sections, department, conditional codes, enabling and other control keys. There is also a correction key that cancels incorrectly entered information. The indicator mechanism can be one-sided, having one window only on the side of the controller-cashier, and two-sided, enabling the buyer to see the accumulated amount. The indicator shows in the viewing window the amounts entered, the meter number, the amount due from the buyer, and the amount of change.

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Electronic control and recording machine "Oka-DOO": 1 - control tape window; 2 - casing of the printing device; 3 - check tape; 4 - keys for transporting check and control tapes; 5 - display device; 6 - casing of the electronic part of the machine; 7 - calculator mode keys; 8 - keys for ongoing operations; 9 - keys of sectional registers; 10 - cashier's lock; 11 - lock "XZ"; 12 - emergency lock of the cash drawer; 13 - numeric keys; 14 - toggle switch for turning on the machine; 15 - cash box.

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The counting mechanism is a set of various counters. The machines have one or more totalizing counters, control and operation counters. Summing counters automatically add up on an accrual basis all the amounts of money passed through the machine. After reaching the maximum capacity, the counters automatically overcome it, and the count starts again. The control counters are connected with the summing counters and automatically take into account how many times the totalizing counters reached the maximum capacity during operation, were forced to zero by a special key. There are control counters that take into account the number of readings of totalizing counters. The presence of control counters prevents the possibility of abuse when working on KKM. Transaction counters also serve control purposes. They automatically take into account the number of transactions made by the machine, the number of checks issued, goods sold and customers served. The printing mechanism is used to print a monetary document (cash receipt or accounting statement), its issuance and registration on a control tape. Details of the check and the control tape depend on the type and model of cash register. On the check, private terms and the total amount of the purchase, check number, date, cliche (company name, car number, etc.) can be indicated. On the control tape, with the exception of the date and cliche, the same details are printed in one line.

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The locking mechanism is designed to close the entire mechanism of the machine and its individual parts, assemblies, switch it into a certain mode of operation, take readings of the summing cash counters and transfer them to zero. The transmission mechanism transmits the movement from the drive group to the actuators and provides a certain sequence of all operations during the working cycle. The drive mechanism is used to drive all the mechanisms and components of the machine. The random access memory allows you to store the programmed current time and date, percentage discounts or surcharges, fixed price items, cashier and tax officer passwords. The blocking device does not allow the operation of the machine in the absence of a control or receipt tape, the occurrence of emergencies in the machine, leading to damage to the printing document, the absence or overflow of fiscal memory, and the absence of power supply.

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The calculation of the required amount of cash registers can be performed in two ways: 1) using the Approximate norms for the technical equipment of trade enterprises, taking into account the retail space of the store. This method is applicable for new (typical) stores, the construction of which meets building codes and design rules (SNiP11-77-80. Stores. Design standards) (the number of jobs for cashier controllers is calculated based on the area) 2) by the calculation method that is used for determining the need for cash registers for non-standard stores, i.e. in cases where the trading floors of enterprises after reconstruction or overhaul do not meet building codes and design rules.

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The procedure for determining the need for KKM by calculation is as follows. The average number of visitors who made a "purchase" per hour nСР= TO/(СtС), where nСР is the average number of visitors who made a "purchase" per hour; TO average turnover per shift, rub.; С  average statistical cost of a "purchase" per buyer, rub.; tС number of store hours per shift, h. Calculation node throughput Р = 3600KI/ = 3600 CI /(р  + ), where Р - calculation node throughput, pers. in hour; CI - the coefficient of using the working time of the cashier, equal to 0.7; p  average number of commodity units per customer, pcs. (depending on the location of the store and the range of goods is from 4 to 6 units);  average time spent on punching one amount (for one commodity unit), s (accept: up to 5 - 8 s  for electromechanical cash registers and up to 1.5 - 2 s  for electronic cash registers);  average time spent on serving one customer (for reading prices, accepting money and issuing change, etc.), s (take from 25 to 30 s). Estimated amount of KKM NP = nSR /P where NP is the estimated amount of KKM. The total number of KKM NGEN = NP + NRES. where NGEN - total number KKM; NRES - the number of reserve cash registers.

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When designing new stores (according to the first method), the number of jobs for cashier controllers is calculated based on the area of ​​the trading floor according to the formula, where NР is the number of jobs for controllers; S - area of ​​the trading floor, m2; q - area of ​​the trading floor per customer (2.5 m2 according to SNiP, clause 5.8); t - average settlement time with one customer (t = р  + , here р,  and  see explanations above), s; K - the coefficient of using the working time of the controller-cashier, equal to 0.7.

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A task. Determine the need for a cash register for a food supermarket with an area of ​​about 120 m2, the average turnover of which is 50,000 rubles per shift. The average check in this supermarket is about 150 rubles. Working time per day - 11 hours. nСР = 50000/150*11 = 30 Р = 3600*0.7/(5*7 + 30) ≈ 39 NP = 30/39 = 0.76 ≈ 1 NGEN = 2 two cash registers.

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A barcode scanner is a device that reads the barcode printed on the product packaging and transmits this information to a computer, cash registers, POS terminals. According to the type of execution, scanners are divided into: manual, which the operator brings to the barcode being read, stationary, which are fixed in one place, in which case the object marked with the barcode must be brought to them. Stationary barcode scanners can simply stand or be built into the cash register. Also in the industry are used conveyor barcode scanners. According to the device of the reading element, barcode scanners are divided into: LED Laser Imager Scanners In LED, the reading element is a CCD matrix. These scanners are the cheapest and very reliable, but they have a short reading range, the barcode must be brought very close. Laser barcode scanners read from much greater distances and at higher speeds. But the mechanism for deploying the laser beam has moving parts, and therefore is sensitive to falls. Some manufacturers are trying to compensate for this shortcoming with a shockproof case. And the most advanced model of barcode readers are imager scanners. Fast, reliable, with a good reading range of not only linear or composite, but also two-dimensional (2d) barcodes. One of the important characteristics of the scanner is its resolution, which determines the size of the readable barcodes. Some scanner models have improved capabilities for reading damaged barcodes.

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Scanning devices

contact pencils and scanners laser scanners mobile terminals

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By the method of connecting to a computer, the following main types of scanners are distinguished: RS-232. If a barcode scanner is connected to a serial port, then data is transmitted from the scanner to the serial port in the form of a sequence of ASCII characters. Features of RS Scanners: Requires additional external source power supply Can be connected to cash register, PC or POS system. You need special software (barcode scanner driver) when connecting the scanner to a PC or POS system. Keyboard break. If a barcode scanner is connected to the keyboard port, then after reading the barcode, data is transmitted, emulating keystrokes on the keyboard. Features of KB-scanners: Hand-held barcode scanners do not require an external power supply. Can only be connected to a PC or POS system. No special software is needed to connect the scanner to a PC or POS system. A barcode scanner is more difficult to use from a programming point of view, as it is necessary to distinguish between receiving data from the keyboard and from the scanner. USBIf the barcode scanner is connected to a USB port, data from the scanner is transferred to the USB port as a sequence of ASCII characters. The main difference between connecting to the USB bus and breaking the keyboard is the ability to "hot" connect (that is, without turning off the PC) and the ability to connect up to 127 devices to the USB bus. Wireless data transmission There are several ways: Infrared channel Radio channel Bluetooth technology

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An imprinter is a mechanical device designed to issue a slip when performing a transaction with a payment card.

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The magnetic card reader is necessary equipment to obtain information from cards of various types: from discount cards with information about the buyer, the composition of his shopping list and the discount amount to identification cards with data about a company employee who is trying to gain access to the premises, etc. Such a reader can also be used to read data from bank cards accepted for payment in stores, enterprises Catering, points of payment for certain services, etc. Magnetic card readers can be used both as a separate device and as built-in to certain models of cashier monitors, programmable keyboards, etc., i.e. various POS-peripherals. Depending on the characteristics of a particular model, the reader can work with certain types of cards or allow you to accept any type of cards. At the same time, information from the card is transferred to software, installed in the POS system, or directly into the inventory program used to maintain accurate inventory of goods and record all transactions with financial flows. The magnetic card reader makes it possible to quickly read all the necessary information recorded on the card and process it in the software used to automate the control of trade operations, thus providing quick access to information. BIT offers equipment from leading manufacturers - CipherLab, Zebex and Posiflex.

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Data collection terminals are specialized portable devices, which are a mini computer with a built-in barcode scanner, designed to quickly collect information about goods and transfer them to an information system (database) through a specific communication channel (Infrared port, radio channel, wired connections, points WiFi access, etc.).

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Auchan and his experience.

self checkout system

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Format "Raduga" - a discounter with an area of ​​​​5 thousand square meters. m.

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The cash line in the trading floor was replaced by Selfcheckout self-service terminals based on Fujitsu TP-X models. The self-service system includes a goods scanning station and a payment station. There are 20 stations installed in the store to scan goods. Payment is made by the buyer independently through devices for accepting banknotes, and there are more of them - 28 pieces, because a person can hesitate, picking up banknotes and picking up change. The checkout line is separated from the scanning line. The entire solution is based on Fujitsu equipment. The security system is equipped with Wanzl-Mawy solutions. The buyer's payment for purchases occurs according to the following scheme. A customer with a cart of groceries approaches the scanning station. A store employee - now the term "scanner" has appeared - scans the barcode of the goods one by one, shifting the goods into a free exactly the same cart. Since the scanner only performs one operation, the process is very fast - just a few minutes. As a result, a coupon with a barcode is generated, which is automatically printed on a fiscal printer. The coupon contains all the information about the purchased product: name, quantity and amount, as well as a barcode is printed. The coupon is issued to the buyer, and he moves to the payment area. Here the buyer pays for the purchased goods. The buyer needs to scan the previously received coupon with a barcode. The amount of the purchase is displayed on the screen. Money is inserted into the device for accepting banknotes and coins, the device gives out change and a fiscal receipt, on which there is a barcode. This check is a pass through the security system: the buyer moves to the checkpoint system, where a scanning device is built in. After scanning the received fiscal receipt, the system checks where and when the purchase was made, automatically opens the barrier, and the buyer can leave the store. The security system is supplemented by video surveillance and security personnel. The overall savings in customer service time was 40%. The separation of scanning and payment lines in comparison with conventional cash desks saves time: scanning - by 15-20%, payment - by 20-30%.

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Marking and labeling equipment Modern trade technologies include systems for automated accounting of goods. An important component of the system, which contributes to the organization of control over commodity flows in wholesale and retail, is equipment for labeling goods. The purpose of product labeling is to provide necessary information both the buyer (date of manufacture, price, method of preparation, information about the product, etc.) and the seller (product code, article, etc.). There are two groups of markers - mechanical and electronic. The first group includes hand-operated etiquette guns (or markers) and ready-made label applicators (dispensers), while the second group includes barcode etiquette guns (manual printers), portable stationary printers, and scales with a built-in printer.

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Trade inventory is a generic name for a variety of fixtures, tools and instruments used in the acceptance, quality control, preparation and sale of goods at each link on the way the goods move to the consumer. Its use helps to improve the quality and speed up the execution of basic and especially auxiliary operations. AT trade enterprises along with commercial inventory, household inventory is also used. Commercial inventory must be of high quality, convenient to use, durable and cheap, and meet sanitary and hygienic requirements.

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Machines for cutting products.

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According to the place of use: for warehouse and utility rooms of stores (hammer-nail puller-scissors, household axes, hammers, tongs, a knife for opening soft containers, etc.); for trading floors grocery stores (trade tongs and forks, trade scoops, trays for displaying goods, barcode readers, etc.); for trading floors of shops selling non-food products (device for checking electric drives and electric lamps, a device for checking electric batteries, equipment for trying on shoes, hats, etc.); universal use (calculating, fire-fighting, for cleaning premises). By actuation and design complexity: non-mechanical (trays for displaying goods, samplers, ovoscopes, vinoscopes, etc.); mechanical (hoop puller, ice cream, guillotine knives, etc.); electric (device for checking light bulbs, etiquette guns, electric container stapler, etc.); pneumatic, i.e. based on the use of pneumatic motors that convert the energy of compressed air into mechanical work. It is used as a drive for various mechanisms in explosive and wet places (drills, wrenches, pneumatic beaters); hydraulic (fire-fighting hydraulic control, lifting platform, trolley); electronic (calculators, marking devices, barcode readers, etc.). According to the material of manufacture: wooden (cutting boards, a meter for measuring fabrics, etc.); metal (sheet steel trays, nail pullers, scissors, etc.); plastic (supports, funnels, plastic trays, dummies, hangers, holders, etc.); cardboard (boxes for packing, indexes, trademarks, etc.); combined (for example, metal knives with wooden or plastic handles). There are tens of thousands of trade inventory items in the world. Consider its most characteristic types in accordance with the above classification.

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Furniture for preparing goods for sale

packing tables packing tables

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Machines for cutting, sawing and chopping products In the trade and technological process of a grocery store, a significant share is occupied by operations related to cutting, cutting, cutting and chopping meat, fish, butter, sausages and other gastronomic products. Allocate: Cars for cutting products. This group includes machines for cutting gastronomic products; for cutting a monolith of butter; for cutting frozen foods; for varietal cutting of meat. Below are given brief characteristics some models of machines of domestic foreign production. Machine for cutting and sawing meat. Slicer is a foreign name for a machine for cutting gastronomic products (sausages, cheese, ham, etc.) into slices. Such a machine can be called a ham sausage cutter for short. Slicing of products is carried out at trade enterprises for further packaging in small portions in vacuum packaging. In catering establishments, cut slices are used to make sandwiches and cold dishes. Most widespread in Russian market received slicers from the Italian companies TOPAZ, SIRMAN and the domestic company QUARTZ. The PM-FPL-351A band saw is designed for sawing quarters and cuts, portion cutting of meat and meat and bone semi-finished products into pieces of various weights and sizes. The Finnish-made KT-750 band saw is designed for cutting fresh and frozen meat, bones and fish into pieces. On fig. 1.7 shows machines for cutting and sawing products. Machines for grinding products. Meat grinders are used in stores to prepare minced meat and fish.

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Machines for cutting and sawing products: 1 - slicer; 2 - band saw PM-FPL-351A; 3 - band saw KT-750

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A vending machine is a perfect technical tool that, according to a certain program, accepts a means of payment and automatically dispenses goods to the buyer. Trading through vending machines does not completely replace its traditional forms, however, it is the most effective additional form of selling goods. Trading with the use of automatic machines: provides the buyer with the opportunity to purchase goods at any time of the day; improves the culture of service due to comprehensive information about the product, high speed commodity turnover; helps to reduce the time for the purchase and consumption of goods; contributes to the removal of excessive demand for individual goods; provides optimal conditions for the storage and sale of goods, a high level of hygiene for the storage and sale of food products; reduces the cost of living labor, eliminating the need for sellers; brings the sale of goods closer to the buyer by installing vending machines in places of mass demand; provides mobility of movement and installation; allows you to buy goods using banknotes, tokens, as well as plastic cards; makes it possible to organize trade in those places where the presence of a stationary trading network impractical; if properly organized, gives high profitability, which is impossible to achieve with traditional methods of sale. The conditions for the development of trade using automatic machines are as follows: high development of science and technology, especially electronics industry; a highly developed network of stationary enterprises and competition; the presence of packaged goods in consumer packaging; stable demand for a certain type of product; sufficient solvency of metallic money in circulation; high quality maintenance, prevention vending machines and caring for them.

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By commodity groups: for food products; for non-food items; universal. By type of goods: for piece goods of arbitrary geometric shape; for piece goods of a certain geometric shape (specialized); for chilled or hot piece goods. According to the degree of readiness of the goods for sale: for goods completely ready for consumption; for goods, the production or preparation of which is carried out by the vending machine itself. According to the consistency of the goods: for liquid goods; for piece goods; for bulk goods.

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By location: for enclosed spaces; for open areas (including under a canopy). According to the external design: cabinet-type automatic machines; panel type machines; vending machines. According to the installation method, individual machines; established by groups; installed in the complex (a group of machines with different purposes). By type of payment for goods, monetary; token; for payment by paper banknotes; for calculation plastic cards; free (in enterprises).

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It is customary to classify commercial furniture according to the following criteria: according to their functional purpose - for storage (racks, pallets, pedestals), preparation of goods for sale (tables for packing, packaging, quality assessment, cutting and grading), their display, display and sale (slides, showcases, counters), transportation, storage and sale (containers), settlements with customers (checkout booths), additional services (fitting booths, mirrors, packing tables); at the place of use - for trading floors of mats, premises for acceptance, short-term storage, preparation of goods for sale; according to the method of installation - wall-mounted, island-mounted, in-window, wall-mounted and built-in. Depending on the design, commercial furniture is subdivided: according to the principle of the device - shelf, frame, tubular; by completeness - parts, elements, fixtures, compositions of slides; according to the method of assembly - non-separable, collapsible and folding. Non-separable furniture is mounted using welding, screws and screws, glue; collapsible with hooks, staples, bolts, screws; folding - with the help of swivel joints of various types. Collapsible equipment consists of separate unified parts, from which finished single products or sections interlocked in a line can be completed; according to the material of manufacture - plastic, glass and mirrors, metal, wood, combined, using metal, wood, chipboard, glass and plastics in various combinations.

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In relation to the forms and methods of selling goods, commercial furniture is classified: according to the product profile - specialized commercial furniture (for certain product groups) and universal (for various groups of goods); for the organization of trade services - for the sale of goods with individual customer service (counters, sections, cabinets of a closed type with access only from the side of the seller); for the sale of goods by the self-service method (open, accessible to the buyer showcases, counters, racks, hangers); for the sale of bulky non-food products according to samples with home delivery (podiums, racks); for the sale of food products on pre-orders of buyers (demonstration windows). Depending on the nature of the trade and technological process of selling goods, commercial furniture is classified: according to the content of the trade and technological process - technological, exhibition, accessory furniture; according to the progressiveness of the technology for the delivery and sale of goods - using packaging equipment (containers, pallets, hanging containers). Depending on the needs of the customer, commercial furniture is divided into standard and exclusive, made to order. Depending on the nature of production, commercial furniture is classified: by novelty - experimental, traditional; by seriality - small-scale, serial and mass production (large-scale).

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Refrigerators

Refrigerators with BLANK doors Refrigerators with glass doors

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Commercial storage furniture

pallet racks

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