By raising the retirement age to 65 for men and 60 for women, the authorities decided to sweeten the pill and come up with several measures that should improve the position of older employees in the labor market. For example, the government is proposing fines for employers who dare to lay off older employees and creating retraining courses for those who should have retired but are forced to continue their careers. However, the effectiveness of these proposals is questionable.
Where to put the "extra"?
The category of “persons of pre-retirement age” includes from 500,000 to 1 million Russians, depending on the calculation method. Let us quote the data of experts: “Due to the reform in the labor market in 2019, 1.1 million people will remain, but only 800 thousand of them will keep their jobs, predicted Vice-Rector Academy of Labor and Social Relations Alexander Safonov. According to calculations Raiffeisenbank In the first three years of the reform, out of an additional 660,000 workers, only 460,000 will find work each year. Employers are slow to hire older workers, according to surveys cited by Alfa Bank, only 7% of them are ready to do it,” reports RBC.
Consequently, in 2019, from 200 thousand people will be at risk - according to Raiffeisenbank's calculations - up to 300 thousand - according to Alexander Safonov's calculations. In the next three years, the number of "new superfluous" will be from 600 thousand to 1 million people. What will happen next is hard to say: we do not know how the Russian economy will develop, what the situation will be in the labor market. population work force in May-July 2018, according to Rosstat, it is estimated at 75.9 million people; In fact, more subtle calculations are required here, but we will leave them to demographers.
“Employers will shy away from “pre-pensioners”
Is professional retraining really able to open up new perspectives for a person aged 45+? Is not a fact. “I am the same “pre-pensioner” ... To improve my qualifications (PhD, MBA) is a dubious opportunity,” the specialist believes "Medicaltrade" Rustem Mamin. - No diploma of advanced training will change the date of my birth. Namely, with this information, the assessment of the resume in the company begins. No "retraining", "advanced training" guarantees me workplace. Employers with the introduction of responsibility for the dismissal of the "pre-pensioner" will shy away from me like fire.
The only option is self-employment. Therefore, consultations are needed on the possibility of self-employment. We need courses in specialties that involve self-employment. If the state wanted to somehow mitigate the problems of employment of people of pre-retirement age, it would abolish all taxes and payroll payments for such workers, would reduce income tax for enterprises employing elderly employees.”
However, the proposal to prepare employees of pre-retirement age for self-employment was five years late. Since 2011, the number of self-employed, according to Rosstat, has grown by 0.3-0.4 million people a year, and in 2017 the trend reversed reverse side: this number decreased immediately by 1 million people. One of the reasons is the pressure of the state on the "gray" zone of the economy, Kommersant writes. Another reason is digitalisation. For example, the appearance electronic services reduced the number of self-employed taxi drivers. The results of 2018 have not yet been summed up, but Kommersant assumes an even more significant reduction in the self-employment sector.
Where to work after 45?
In what industries can older workers find employment? This question revision executive.ru asked the experts. Here is what they replied:
Felix Kugel, Managing Director of Unity:
“Unity recruiters note that in late 2017 - early 2018 Russian business began to show interest in applicants aged 40-45 years and older. People with many years of professional experience are in demand in industries that require deep expertise and narrow specialization, for example, in industry. Today they successfully apply for the positions of top managers, production managers, chief accountants, as well as scarce technologists and engineers. Unity analyzed requests and identified five advantages of mature applicants. Experience and high expertise; stability; correct expectations; maturity, responsibility and diligence; performance."
Alexander Tsyganov, doctor economic sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Mortgage Housing Lending and Insurance Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation:
“Practice shows that older and qualified insurance agents inspire significantly more confidence and are able to attract large amounts of insurance premiums. With age, social capital accumulates - not only knowledge, but also connections, which contributes well to the activities of an insurance agent. For bank employees financial companies, office workers retraining as insurance agents is quite possible, many insurers have developed effective methods of selection and training, which allows you to confidently declare a possible employment in the insurance industry. An added bonus For pre-pensioners and pensioners themselves, there is a free work schedule for an insurance agent and the opportunity to work at a convenient time.
“I think that the state will try to transfer the flow of laid-off workers to the status of self-employed and individual entrepreneurs. Incentives can come through training programs and the provision of concessional funding to anyone planning to start their own business. I believe that the niche of providing services to the population (minor repairs, cleaning, nannies, household help...) will be actively developed through government programs.”
Elena Sidorenko, Head of HR Department at Prifinance:
“Now there is a great demand for unskilled labor, often associated with physical activity. These are warehouse workers, handymen. AT huge number cashiers, cleaners, couriers, sorters, packers, call center operators are required. Many of the employers use the rotational method - they provide employees with accommodation for the period of work. Basically, these positions are filled by migrants. I think that when building a certain state program on preferences for business, in the case of hiring workers of a certain age, employers will be ready to hire fellow citizens of pre-retirement age.
Teachers, teachers, lawyers, accountants are in a favorable situation. Subject to continuous professional development, people in these professions will be in demand at the age of 45 and above: in these professions, the more practical experience, the better. True, there may be a need to master new programs, but this can be done as part of advanced training.”
“People aged 45+ can find application as advisors, mentors, consultants, directors, designers, heads of departments of companies, scientists in a wide variety of fields: from science, engineering, development of new products and technologies, corporate governance- to the social sphere: care for the sick and the elderly, as well as the education of young children.
Older people have advantages: they no longer have to be torn between work and childcare, they no longer have too ambitious plans, they are more inclined to maintain the status quo, maintaining established relationships. They are skilled communicators due to their greater experience of personal communication with different people and in different situations, less situational - make fewer spontaneous decisions, tend to weigh the pros and cons, look at any situation more detached.
“Older people can find a use in social spheres– medicine, education, science, industry, construction. In a number of state corporations and in the civil service, “age is not a hindrance”, not only experienced employees are valued there, but also the skills of a mentor.”
What and how to teach "pre-pensioners"?
What skills and competencies need to be acquired to increase relevance in the labor market? How should education be organized? The opinions of experts on this matter differed.
Evgeny Poluboyarov, expert on HR audit, co-founder of Kadrium:
“The main thing is probably not what to teach, but how to teach. If employment centers or other state structures “for show” will be engaged in the training of pre-pensioners, then the effectiveness of such courses is doubtful. If the right to retrain is given to employers, providing benefits and the opportunity to accept the amounts spent to reduce income tax, then this makes sense, since the employer will train personnel for himself. By itself, the fact of retraining will have little effect on the chance of employment. It all depends on how ready people are for professional retraining, and the reality is that after 50, Russians for the most part have little interest in professional growth.
Alexander Tsyganov, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of the Department of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation:
“There are still more questions on the training and retraining of people of pre-retirement age than there are answers. However, in Russia there is positive experience retraining of officers in the 1990s, which can be used. There are industries where not only experience, but also the accompanying age can help. It is rather difficult for Russian insurance companies to expand the number of policyholders, and one of the reasons for this is the lack of insurance agents against the backdrop of very little confidence in insurance in the country.”
Tatiana Dolyakova, CEO recruitment agency ProPersonnel:
“It is possible to increase the competitiveness of 40+ candidates by developing the so-called “digital skills”, taking into account the industry: modern specific software, Internet resources and applications for work, necessary automated systems etc.".
Timur Gasiev, General Director of the management company of the Bely Fregat group of companies:
“Our company is engaged in the production of agro-industrial products. There are few people of pre-retirement age among the employees. Basically, these people are stable and do not strive for professional development. Prefer to engage manual labor and hard to master new technologies. Our production has taken a course for modernization, so we strive to train our employees in some specific areas and tasks. But we cannot afford to comprehensively retrain people, and I do not know a single company that would do this. That's why state plan retraining of personnel is necessary in connection with the increase in the retirement age. Technologies are evolving, it is important to be in the context of what is happening for successful work and just a comfortable existence in society.”
Alexander Antonov, founder of the Puzzle English online platform:
“Russians of pre-retirement age need to develop motivation. Living with the attitude “Yes, there were people in our time, not like the current tribe ...” will no longer work. It is important to interest them so much in the new that they stop looking back at the old, but are seriously carried away by the same things that their grandchildren and children are fond of, so that they want to speak the same language with them. People of pre-retirement age should stop considering themselves offended and have a positive attitude towards a fait accompli, realizing their chance to be in demand and included in business activity for a longer time. After all, those who do not continue to work in retirement or are not busy raising their grandchildren, literally and figuratively, die of boredom and lack of demand.
What needs to be developed? First of all, manufacturability: generations Y and Z, living in the world of computers, tablets, smartphones from birth, have an innate ability to master new technological things. Given the fact that the technology boom is only gaining momentum, and more than one useful online application appears every day, generation X and older simply need to purposefully develop their skills in mastering and using technological gadgets and online services at work.
Not less than important qualities that need to be developed are the ability to seek and find new ways and approaches to solving problems, a creative approach to everyday life, the ability to think outside the box and find new non-trivial moves in solving ordinary problems. Since stereotyped approach to reality and stereotyped thinking increase with age, this makes older people less adaptive. It is necessary to consciously develop the ability to look for alternative solutions, to ask yourself the question: what else can be done and how to approach the problem differently - to force yourself to jump out of the comfortable circle of stereotypes. Then people of mature age have a chance to keep up with the times.
New technologies, new outlooks on life, new lifestyles, new approaches to traditional areas, new skills and abilities - being at the peak of everything new is not easy even for young people, because novelty and change are stressors that force us to rebuild. Therefore, the older generation will have to come to terms with the fact that the accumulated experience sometimes has to be left in the museum. Experience is not a 100% advantage these days because it gets old very quickly.
The ability to live in a situation of information overload, to highlight the main thing from a large amount of data and work in a huge information flow - these skills should also be trained and developed by the older generation.
Announcement photo: pixabay.com
Why is it difficult to get a job after 45? Reasons why employers prefer young people. What to do to always remain a sought-after specialist?
The young man received a diploma from a university or college, he is full of strength to work actively, but here's the problem - it turns out that a specialist without experience is not very interesting to the employer.
But another situation is possible: a mature specialist has been laid off or moved to another city, he is looking for a job, and he is refused. It turns out that a specialist over 45 years old, with his considerable experience, may also not be in demand. Why is it difficult to get a job as a specialist after 45 years? In connection with the planned increase in the retirement age in the country, the issue of employment of people from 45 to 65 years old is really becoming a problem.
Officially prohibits and considers it discrimination "the employer's refusal to conclude employment contract However, recruiters turn down older applicants more often than younger applicants.
Why employers are not inclined to hire employees over 40-45 years old?
Employers themselves explain this with several controversial reasons.
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Health. Candidates over 45 are more likely to take sick leave.
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Lack of motivation. "I went to work like hard labor, all her behavior indicated that she would soon go home in the evening, any request - from 98 times, any order - from 50 times ... We said goodbye", says the director of a former employee over 45.
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A family. Priorities change with age: family values become more important professional results. To be with the family, to help the children, to sit with the grandchildren, and on the weekends to go to the country - an employee who is already at home with all his thoughts becomes less energetic and less creative at work.
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Failure to manage such employees. A younger leader does not always know the approach to an older employee: you can’t raise your voice at him, the standard “carrot and stick” methods that motivate young employees are not applicable to him. Older employees do not fit well into a young team, which can potentially lead to conflicts in the organization.
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Poor technology skills. The rate of introduction of new technologies is constantly growing, and the rate of assimilation of new information in a person decreases with age. Therefore, older people cannot or do not want to join the IT race and universal robotization. And although modern 40-45-year-olds are confident in using a PC, because they absorbed knowledge during the period of development information technologies and the Internet, but they may experience difficulties with the development of new devices, technologies in production, mobile applications, instant messengers that are widely used in work communication.
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Less flexible. Adaptability - required quality a modern specialist, as the labor market and economic sectors are constantly undergoing changes under the influence of legislation, high competition, and developing information technologies. Young professionals are usually active and easily trained, they adapt much more easily to changing working conditions.
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Not ready to be recycled. In the absence of motivation, the priority of family values and an abundance of household chores, the employee will not want to stay to work in the evening and will not sit down to work on weekends. Young employees who have not yet had children and have free time are more likely to find time for unscheduled work.
Each of these statements is a stereotype, which prevents active and qualified specialists over 45 from getting a job on a vacancy. The best way break the stereotypes be head and shoulders above all young applicants. How to do it?
① Keep learning
Training increases your value in the job market. Secondary education, master's degree, advanced training courses, online courses with a diploma or certificate - everything falls into the treasury of personal achievements and increases your value as a potential employee. The constant accumulation of knowledge and skills will not only put you in a winning position relative to young employees, but will allow you to remain active and flexible throughout your professional life. You can read more about the concept of lifelong learning in our article "Live and Learn or the Modern European Concept of Lifelong Learning" .
② Expand network of contacts
According to statistics, older job seekers are more likely to find a job through an acquaintance, and not through a job site. The larger the social circle, the more likely employment. Not only business acquaintances, but also just friendships can play a key role. A friend or acquaintance will be able to recommend you or hire you in his company, because he knows your strengths and trusts you.
Pay attention to the development of communication, make new acquaintances and, more importantly, maintain old ones. Messengers will help you with this
Most recently, I consciously belonged to the ranks of those 64 percent of Russians who, according to VTsIOM polls, have not changed their main job for at least the last eight years. I do not know the motivation of most of the respondents, but all these years I have been connected with work by great and reciprocal love. And then, quite unexpectedly, I found myself unemployed - as it seemed, for a month or two. I had to check for myself what are the real chances for those over 45 to find a job, what myths will have to be debunked and what truth to come to terms with.
Myth one
You can find a decent job at any age. The main thing is to adhere to an active life position, not to be afraid to reveal your potential.
In the first month, I sent several resumes to those organizations in which, in my opinion, they should have evaluated my experience, knowledge, achievements and, most importantly, my tireless desire to achieve new heights in a new place. Answers - zero.
In reality, when considering an average 45-50-year-old candidate, a classic stereotype is triggered: they are not energetic, passive, they will not work overtime, and besides, you won’t yell at them, you won’t put them in a rigid framework. There are also arguments about a young team (“he won’t fit into our team”) and a young leader (“it’s difficult to manage an older specialist, I won’t be an authority for him”). Of course, in many respects these are unjustified fears, but with other equal conditions the choice will be made in favor of the young candidate.
We can agree with some of the arguments, - says Alena Zykova, territorial director of recruitment departments of Kelly Services CIS. - For example, a young specialist will do better in those positions where active movement around the city is required or heavy physical exertion is expected. Other strong arguments: the older generation is more difficult to adapt to new requirements, not fast enough to master modern technologies. Most often, preference is given to young people in professions of the "man-to-man" system: sales, marketing and advertising, finance.
Myth two
The employer does not care about the gender and age of the applicant.
Officially, no employer limits the "parameters" of the applicant by age, gender, nationality, because Article 3 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prohibits discrimination in the field of work.
In fact, talking on the phone with potential employer each time threatened to end as soon as it began. As soon as I said: “I’m calling for a job ...”, I was immediately interrupted by a counter question: “How old are you?”. And only thanks to professional perseverance I was able to get more or less detailed answers.
The representative of the tour operator dispassionately conveyed the order of the management: "We do not take over 30 years. Sorry, we do not take into account any achievements." The conversation with the personnel officer of one of the hotels was the longest, a minute and a half. At first, with a cold voice: "We do not consider anyone over 45 years old." To my assurance that I am smart, stress-resistant, hardy, and you can see this at a meeting, the interlocutor, herself, it seems, a lady well over 45, answered with slight annoyance: "No one invites you for an interview." Then something sympathetic and instructive appeared in the intonation, as if at the other end of the wire they felt that they had slightly gone too far: "Understand, we are worried about your health." But what a life-giving balm fell on the soul of the surprised exclamations of the head teachers of schools: "49 years old? Your age does not bother you at all. We saw 80-year-old teachers, come!"
To be fair, I’ll note: if initially you just need a “runner” or a “whipping pillow”, as one of the companies honestly identified in a private conversation official duties applicant, then in this case I myself would indicate the age in the vacancy in large numbers.
A 50-year-old man came to us to get a job, - says the lawyer of one of the major retail chains Yekaterinburg. - The personnel department, apparently, accidentally missed his age in the resume, because there was a directive right away: to accept no older than 30-35 years. He appeared for an interview with the future boss, who is 35, and he, of course, refused him. And the applicant recorded the conversation on a dictaphone. True, he still failed to defend his rights in court - he could not prove that he had exceptional professional advantages as a candidate for this position. In practice, Article 3 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation is meaningless: even if the court takes the side of the applicant, it will limit itself only to requiring the employer to eliminate the discriminatory violation. In practice, the court is unlikely to oblige the employer to hire the plaintiff, pay him a salary for all the time he could work for him, and even compensate for moral damage.
Recipe for Success
More chances for a successful job search are those specialists whose knowledge and skills are not only in demand by the market, but are in short supply.
Of course, there are industries for which the advanced age of applicants is not a hindrance, but an advantage. Doctors, teachers, engineering and technical workers, highly skilled workers - their competitive positions in the labor market are becoming more and more working year only stronger. The same cannot be said about office and trade workers: by the age of 30, as a rule, they already hit the qualification ceiling. But in this area, not everything is so clear.
It happens that a person masters the intricacies of the profession in the field of trade in two months, and someone will need years. Everything is very individual. For me, as a leader, the age of the applicant is not of decisive importance, although youth is certainly welcomed in trading, - says Eduard Menshikov, director of Euronics in Yekaterinburg. - By the way, in Europe in stores, especially in private ones, there are many age-old sellers. We have a stereotype that trade goes only youth. In my opinion, this is a profession of passionate, enthusiastic people who are able and able not only to work with people, but to do it efficiently and effectively.
People with a serious set of competencies have an advantage over young specialists, Alena Zykova is convinced. - The category of scarce traditionally includes many technical professions, ranging from workers to highly qualified engineering personnel, specialists in science-intensive industries. Today, there are generally more vacancies on the labor market than applicants, and for some industries it is extremely difficult to find qualified specialists. Thus, by setting an age limit, the employer complicates the search for the necessary candidates, falling into the trap of their own requirements.
For example, as the press service of one of the machine-building plants told, average age working at the enterprise - 46 years. The plant is interested in attracting young people, their training. The problem of shortage of personnel workers is aggravated every year. But it should be noted that over the past 10-15 years have changed and qualification requirements to them. To work on modern equipment, knowledge in the field of programming is required, so the plant is interested in accepting young people with a technical education. “However, we cannot do without workers with extensive practical experience,” the plant emphasized. “It is they who form the basis of the personnel, ensure the implementation production program and educate the young.
The entire management team of my company is people over fifty, - says Nikita Popov, CEO of ARK Development Group. - In the construction market, the most difficult situation with personnel. Dozens of interviews that I conducted gave one depressing result: young guys, ambitious, self-confident, counted on a salary of 60-100 thousand, but all my questions about the specifics of their future activities were answered: “I don’t know, I don’t know how ...” . But those who are about 50 and older - with vast experience, qualifications, they understand the matter, remember the standards by heart, know the SNIPs. Of course, there are problems with them too: they are conservative, they don’t know how to do a lot on computers, they are accustomed to paper in the old fashioned way. But many of them are young at heart and mind, they are willing and able to learn, unlike young people, by the way. Unfortunately, I do not see any factors that would indicate that the personnel situation will change in the near future.
Myth last
If a person at the age of 45-50 is looking for a job, it means that he has not taken place as a specialist and is capable of little.
In Western countries, a person's professional flowering falls on 50-55 years. It is at this age that you can open up as much as possible due to the fact that mental functions are under conditions of optimal load and increased motivation. Psychologists say that only by the age of 40 does metaphorical, associative memory form in us, by the age of 42 connections are established between the right and left hemispheres, thanks to which a person is able to fully develop intellectual, creative, professional abilities.
It is not surprising that many mature people are trying to fully realize themselves, creatively adapt to new conditions. We must take into account the fact that the quality and duration of life are rapidly changing, the level of medicine is growing. 45 years is by no means a sunset in modern times human life, and flowering.
Of course, we are not talking about all 50-year-olds. And about the category of people who have a sufficient resource of education, intelligence, professional skills and are convinced that their potential is far from being exhausted. They are ready, if necessary, to change their profession, get an additional specialty, change their place of work, start an entrepreneurial activity.
Summary
Of course, having years of successful work and invaluable professional experience behind him, it is quite insulting to listen to refusals, sometimes not too polite. And not just for myself. Employers who abandon mature workers in favor of younger ones are only trying to squeeze out the energy potential as much as possible. With such an attitude, society is programmed for elementary, primitive functioning. With a person who demands a respectful attitude towards himself, knows his own worth, who takes a responsible approach to business and can give a lot to his company, primitive, manipulative methods of management do not go away. In this case, a qualitatively different method of guidance is required.
But let top managers think about it. And the practical and theoretical study of the topic, oddly enough, brought me into emotional balance.
Firstly, I have something to say to today's 30-year-olds who do not think that their "here and now" will not last forever. In 10-15 years, many of them will also hear: "We have a young team, you are not suitable for us."
Secondly, getting a decent job is certainly real: many companies and entire industries are experiencing a shortage of personnel. True, it is possible that you will have to start in a new place with a deliberately low salary level, as one of my acquaintances did. But, finding herself in the usual professional environment, she quickly took off in a new company to a career Olympus. Inspirational example. It is important to simply decide and be honest with yourself: what is the priority now - just earning money for a living and a future pension, or continue to look for yourself, your new place in life? This choice will determine further tactics.
Thirdly, I always have an "alternate airfield" in the form of a teaching profession.
And finally, you can venture into one of two daring options that are just right for a mature person and can do it - freelancing or your own " candle factory". Where did ours not disappear?!
competently
Galina Ovchinnikova, Head of the Department of Personality Psychology and Psychological Counseling, University for the Humanities:
Traditional basic education does not keep up with the changes in society and therefore fundamentally cannot provide a person for life with the knowledge, skills, abilities, qualities necessary for the effective implementation of social roles. A new type of economic development dictates the need to constantly improve skills or change professions - sometimes several times in a lifetime.
In today's world, professional knowledge is updated on average every five to six years, so additional training is of great importance in addition to formal education. However, a third of the adult population of Russia did not improve their knowledge and skills for at least the last three years. Consequently, in the very near future, these are candidates for the status of unemployed. Additional education turns out to be almost the only way compensate for insufficient opportunities for professional growth provided by the state or the employer.
Tips for those who are depressed
Daria Kopylova
In the encyclopedic dictionary, the concept of “working age is defined as the age at which a citizen has the right to work. Has the right. That is, the state allows us to work if we are already 16 or not yet 60. And we, as loyal subjects of our country, repay her a decent life and a bright future.
But for some reason, the harsh realities do not at all correspond to our rights or, rather, privileges. Finding ourselves in a situation of total lack of money, we are looking for worthy vacancies with special zeal: young people - which is more prestigious, and those who do not fall into the interval "from 30 to 40" - at least something b. And therein lies the paradox. modern market vacancies - any more or less paid position implies this same age limit. The Internet offers us a lot of job opportunities - from a demonstrator of plastic poses to an oil worker. Choose - I do not want. Unless, of course, you are still not 45. It is this figure that is the limit of hope for a bright future for your wallet. And then, apparently, in the watchmen and cleaners. The only exceptions are "stubborn" businessmen, whom we will not talk about. Not everyone in the family has their own businessman. But many are an economist or a sailor.
It would seem that a specialist who has eaten a dog and all possible animals for the entire time of work in a particular industry should at least be in demand. But let's imagine that you are a man, you are 45, 5 of which you gave to higher education, and 25 - not very beloved, but still work. You have a family and a car that constantly needs to be fed. But here, like a huge cobblestone, the news of the reduction falls on you. I'm not even talking about the fact that you just decided to change your profession in order to increase earnings. AT this case it is better to sit quietly in your familiar place and be content with what you have. But in case of dismissal, you become a hostage of your own age: you are an experienced employee, but this is the problem.
Modern market like the lion king cartoon. Remember that old lion defending his position as "king"? How sorry we become when we realize that he is no longer the king of beasts, but only a decrepit "old man". The labor jungle dictates its own conditions: in some areas of activity, it is almost impossible for young people to find a job (jurisprudence, audit), since they do not have deep professional knowledge. But in other areas (trade, marketing, information and computing services), their youth and energy are very positively perceived by employers, so young people are given preference. In other words, who needs these aging cadres, albeit with experience, if you can take young, frisky and ready to unquestioningly fulfill all the orders of the "leader"?
But now, the dismissal, like the most insidious maniac, crept up to you from around the corner and is waiting for you to give up. After all, you are no longer 20 and you are unlikely to cope with such a terrible criminal as unemployment. And then only one hopeless question comes to mind: "Why?".
"Because after forty years, which is logical, a person becomes less trainable. Each specialty has its own nuances, and, of course, they are taught at the place of work. For example, a computer. Imagine how difficult it is to train a forty-five-year-old employee who has worked on a calculator all his life. For him, the computer is a foreign object. And young people learn everything in an instant, and besides, they strive for a career, that is, they try to achieve more. Middle-aged people need a "place" and are willing to work until old age. They fail the aptitude test for another initial stage. But it all depends on the person. We are always ready to accept an employee if he masters the work," he told me head of the personnel department of one of the Vladivostok banks, - "We cannot fire an experienced employee, because such an employee appreciates his work very much and "holds on" to it. And, of course, we will not fire pregnant women and children. The law is on their side."
So, if you are suddenly afraid of layoffs, urgently give birth or change sex. But it is better, of course, to try to overcome your fears. Even if you see the ill-fated "under 45" condition, it's worth a try. There is no age-related genocide in our country, there are enterprises that are ready to take even forty-five-year-olds, only there was "a good man."
But you are very good. Why don't you have a job?. Many write off such a phenomenon as unemployment as hard times. It used to be easier, it used to be better.
Everyone remembers the distant Soviet Union, with its worker-peasant everyday life and a wonderful "distribution" system. You, of course, could be somewhere in Chukotka, but you could be sure that you would not be left without a job. That is why our grandmothers and parents do not change jobs from the moment of our birth - it is too scary to remain a beggar. Once I asked my mother why, being an experienced accountant, she would not find more high paying job? "I'm too used to one system," she replied. And everyone is used to it. Everyone is used to doing the same algorithm day after day. And once the algorithm is broken - for the average citizen it becomes a disaster.
And here's why: in our country for a couple of centuries there has been a tradition of "lifetime employment", when, while still a newly minted specialist, you find a job and, having gone through all the possible specialties of this enterprise in your whole life, by the age of seventy you still become at least someone . Surely everyone has a friend or acquaintance who can be signed under the image of a "factory worker". At 20, he came to the factory as an apprentice, and at 70 he nevertheless became a storekeeper. The main thing was to find a suitable "factory" and be ready for an extra-modest wages. But here you need to be careful: the "factory" can become your family, husband, child, and, having lost your job, you can fall into an unemployed "anabiosis". Some are related with a bottle, while others, on the contrary, part with their families. But for most, being fired is the first step into a dark, gloomy room of hopelessness and unpaid loans.
What to do?
Any stress is an increase in the share of uncertainty: what will happen next? A person loses heart, ceases to think constructively, and it is difficult for him to make reasonable decisions.
First, put aside gloomy thoughts: dismissal, it doesn't have to be the beginning of the end.
And don't tell yourself I don't have a job. Better put like this: I NEED a job. And immediately set a goal - I want to find myself new job. Rate this as a new chance to realize yourself in new milestones. Maybe you should change your boring routine work for a job that you like.
And for those who nevertheless fell into depression and inspires themselves that "everything will be bad," I would like to advise you not to sit at home, like Pierrot, thinking about your "unhappiness." Just turn on the internal motor and go - to the labor exchange, to the Internet, to the job fair. After all, you are only forty-five, not ninety! And anywhere you can't get in through the front door, you can climb in through the window. Studies have shown that personal contact with the employer increases your chances of getting a job. So don't wait for your resume to wind up on the executive's desk. Go and show yourself in all your glory. But do not overestimate your abilities, judge yourself sensibly. And if you do not have enough qualifications - it is never too late to improve it!
But, unfortunately, the last promotion is sometimes also necessary for students who, having received a diploma, find themselves with it almost like in "underpants and a helmet." What to do with him? Work? And where?
According to labor law, providing the first job to graduates public institutions education is provided by sending them to work on personal distribution. Naturally, no one suits anyone. Statistics says: only 49% of graduates find a job in their specialty. And then, somehow too optimistic. Most students and graduates of universities find their place in the service sector: cafes, restaurants. They are always welcome there. The exceptions are young doctors and teachers. Of course, they are no less welcome, but who will go to work "for food"? Those who fit the collective image will also be happy " ideal worker":
Male (from 25 to 39 years old)
Woman (35 to 50 years old) with adult healthy children
Married
Having a secondary vocational education
But do not build to be upset if you are still not hired at your 45. You may well become the second Russian who received compensation for refusing to hire based on the age criterion. For 290 thousand rubles, you can not work at all.
According to the statistics of employment sites, about forty percent of all unemployed people in our country are over forty-five years old. Age discrimination in employment is prohibited by law, but in practice it occurs everywhere. We tell you what scares employers in employees over forty-five, how to position yourself in the labor market, and what prevents most candidates of mature age.
Job market challenges for candidates over 45
2013 established an official ban on indicating the desired age of the applicant in vacancies. Discrimination is prohibited labor code, but a large number of specialists meet with her. The internal requirements of each employer may not include age restrictions, but be associated with any other manifestations of it. This does not become an exclusively Russian problem - HRs in the US and the UK also give preference to candidates of their own age.
Significant changes in the demographic situation in our country should change the situation in favor of workers - there are fewer and fewer young employees, and more and more retirees in search of work. About ten years ago it seemed impossible to find a job after forty, today it is possible, albeit with difficulty, for job seekers over fifty.
The main reason why applicants have problems after a certain age is the stereotypes that are common among employers. In the first place is the belief in the poor health of applicants after 45 - this reason is called by most employers. In second place is the lack of technological awareness and the problem with the development of new technology. Both in the first and in the second case, the situations are individual and can hardly be characterized solely by age.
Further, employers call the experience of applicants of this age - oddly enough, even he can be a reason for refusal. The fact is that, according to many employers, it is much more difficult to retrain an experienced employee than to train young specialist. In addition, it is believed that employees at this age with great difficulty adapt to the rules of the company.
Traditional schemes also provoke suspicion career development in our country, in which the possibility of horizontal development is practically not expected. Due to the peculiarities of the labor market in Russia, it is believed that by the age of 45 a person should already have a career, and starting and developing in the period from forty-five and in the next twenty years until retirement is unlikely.
The young team in the company is another reason to be wary of applicants after forty-five years. There is an opinion that it will be difficult for such candidates to fit into the state, and the young leader will not represent sufficient authority for them.
Sometimes unreasonable difficulties are created by the applicants themselves. Most of them do not agree to occupy even slightly less qualified positions than those they once had, arguing this with their age. The status that comes with a particular position is very important to them. Young specialists do not attach so much importance to what is written in their labor
Rules for finding work after 45 years
Despite all the difficulties, it is possible to find a job after 45 years. If the applicant demonstrates an active life position and a willingness to reveal his potential, then all doors will be opened to him. In this case, these are not unfounded phrases of inexperienced HR-s, this is a real need to destroy established stereotypes in order to get the right to be considered on an equal basis with other candidates. Intractable, passive, not ready to work overtime - such a portrait is formed by the employer even before meeting with the candidate.
General rules for a candidate over 45 years old
First of all, remember the main advantages of candidates of your age: life and professional experience, responsibility, reliability, conscious motivation.
- Try to expand your business contacts, and work on these in advance. in a good way to maintain connections in the right area will be communication with colleagues from previous jobs, acquaintance with HR. The more connections, the easier. There is nothing wrong with this, it is not necessary to get a job through an acquaintance, but it is convenient to quickly learn about open vacancies.
- Don't focus on one area. There is always an opportunity to retrain, regardless of age. Be prepared to learn - and don't be intimidated by it.
- Do not consider part-time work as an unworthy pastime - treat it as monetization of downtime. In addition, any area will bring you new contacts - some of them can be very useful.
- If there is no sharp shortage of money, participate in volunteer projects and unpaid internships, this will bring experience, new skills, connections, and a line in your resume.
- Try to understand how the current generation lives - in particular, study technological innovations. You should not be afraid of objects, programs and applications that have become commonplace for young people.
- Feel free to contact professional consultant- he will be able to tell you about completely non-obvious details.
Major Job Search Mistakes
- Be passive during the job search, interview, probationary period.
- Begin your response to the interviewer by describing how difficult it is to find a job at your age.
- Start off cover letters with the words "I understand that at 48 years old I have nothing to count on in your company, but maybe you will do me a favor and look at my resume."
- Do not look for a job, because you are sure that you will open your own business in the near future. This happens, but extremely rarely - if you didn’t think about entrepreneurship until the age of forty-five, then it’s hardly possible.
- Accept any offers because you are desperate. Your experience is a great opportunity to identify companies that are not worth your time.
How to position yourself in the labor market
Attitudes towards aged candidates differ greatly depending on the field, for example, it is more difficult to get a job in marketing or sales - in these areas, preference is given to young specialists. Nevertheless, you can get a job anywhere if you have the necessary skills and know how to correctly position yourself.
Take age as an advantage. If the job requires experience, and not just enthusiasm, you are a few steps above the young professionals. The exception is typical office managers, for whom experience plays almost no role. But among engineers or production managers, your years will only be a plus. Professional technologists will be in demand even at the age of seventy, so you won't have to worry about finding a job in these areas.
Accountants and lawyers with thirty years of experience need to move away from formulaic phrases in the resume and talk about their experience in general terms, but in detail, with a list of a number of problems that have been solved, with a description of the expert skills acquired over the years of work. It is worth mentioning the specifics of the area in which you worked, even if the new location will have a different direction.
If possible, collect recommendations from your colleagues from past jobs - professional connections in the field significantly distinguish you from young professionals. Do not try to apply for positions that are significantly lower than your previous one. It may seem that it is easier to get into them, but practice shows that it is precisely such vacancies that young people are looking for. Also, check the average market salaries in your specialty and set a minimum in your resume a little higher than the market. It is important to look at the salaries of specialists with relevant experience, you can make concessions, but only in a personal conversation with the employer.
- On the way to interviews, think about your professional skills, not your age. Don't start the interview by apologizing for your age. Be confident - pessimistic candidates will only confirm one of the stereotypes.
- Answer questions in a calm tone, without going into unnecessary details - try to be specific, no matter what you are asked about. Do not retell your biography after being asked to tell about yourself - go through the main professional stages only. Details about his personal life will definitely be superfluous.
- Even if you are convinced that you can rebuild the company for the better, do not tell the future employer in colors what he is doing wrong. Show your expertise, but be tactful.
- Purposefulness, ability to learn, flexibility - qualities that all employers look for in their applicants. Show that you meet all of these characteristics.
- Do not retell all your professional experience, focus on those elements that are important for a particular company.
- With a wide range of experience, you have the opportunity to create multiple CVs - take advantage of this to expand your options. Highlight different areas, in which you may be an expert, select the skills and experience that are relevant to a particular company.
It is more difficult to find work after reaching a certain age, it is pointless to deny this fact. Do not despair - a good employer will first of all look at the practical skills of the candidate. If already at the interview to dispel his stereotypes about age modern approach to work, self-confidence, active life position and skills that are not inferior to the skills of young professionals - neither you nor the employer will have to worry about age.