Semi-stationary social services include social, medical and cultural support for disabled people, organization of their meals, recreation, ensuring their participation in feasible labor activity and maintaining their active lifestyle. This form of social service contributes to the rehabilitation of disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, and who do not have medical contraindications for enrollment.

In accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, semi-residential social service institutions include: a social rehabilitation center for the elderly and disabled; center day stay elderly and disabled citizens. Let us dwell in more detail on the characteristics of their activities. The Social Rehabilitation Center for the Elderly and Disabled Citizens is created to carry out health and social rehabilitation activities with disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service or have partially lost it. In the conditions of the social rehabilitation center, the initial reception of disabled people and accommodation are organized taking into account their age, gender, health status, existing diseases, ability to self-service; provide them with the social services they need.

Unlike the previous institution, the day care center for the elderly and disabled organizes its work for disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement. The main tasks in the implementation of semi-stationary social services for disabled people in the center are: providing them with social and cultural services, providing them with medical care, catering and recreation, maintaining an active lifestyle for disabled people.

Urgent social services are carried out in order to provide urgent, emergency assistance of a one-time nature to disabled people who are in dire need of social support, and includes the following social services: one-time provision of free hot meals or food packages; clothes, shoes and other essentials; one-time financial assistance. Social work specialists assist persons with disabilities in obtaining temporary housing; organize legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served and emergency medical and psychological assistance with the involvement of psychologists and clergy for this work and the allocation of additional telephone numbers for these purposes. In emergency social service departments there is a rental of specialized equipment for the disabled and devices for caring for the seriously ill. In accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, emergency assistance to the disabled is provided at the urgent social service center. In the complex center of social services for the population, there is a department of urgent social services, in which the work of an apartment repair service for citizens with disabilities can be organized, a rental office has been opened technical means rehabilitation for the disabled, etc.

Rehabilitation aids (crutches, walkers, canes, wheelchairs, etc.) are provided to clients in accordance with the developed tariffs, and low-income citizens with disabilities use the rental free of charge.

The complex social service institutions designed to provide assistance to families, the disabled and other categories of clients who find themselves in a difficult life situation include a comprehensive social service center for the population. The center may include the following structural units that provide social services to citizens with disabilities: a consulting department, rehabilitation of children with mental and physical disabilities, home care, day care for the elderly and disabled, etc.

For example, in public institution“Comprehensive Center for Social Services to the Population”, Znamensk, Astrakhan Region, opened a school for parents of disabled children “Help your child”. Specialists conduct workshops, seminars, where fathers, mothers, grandparents learn how to organize a game and learning activities child with disabilities. Children and parents spend their leisure time together rehabilitation department complex center of social services for the population, namely, they participate in relay races, show master classes in arts and crafts, and regularly organize exhibitions of children's creativity and family skills.

Coordinating activities for the provision of social services to the disabled are carried out by the center for social services for the elderly and the disabled. The structure of this institution includes the following departments: social services at home, day care, social rehabilitation, urgent social services, social canteen, specialized department of social and medical services.

One of the main forms of social services aimed at extending the stay of disabled people in their familiar social environment (family, neighbors, etc.) and in order to maintain their social status is social services at home. According to the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, social service institutions for people with disabilities at home include: a center for social services at home for the elderly and disabled and a specialized center for social and medical care for the elderly and disabled at home. Home-based social services provided to persons with disabilities include: organizing their meals, including home delivery of groceries; assistance in the acquisition of medicines, food and industrial essential goods. A social worker assists in obtaining medical care for a disabled person, including accompanying him to medical institutions. Specialists of social service institutions for disabled people at home contribute to maintaining the living conditions of the client in accordance with hygiene requirements, assist in organizing for citizens with disabilities legal assistance and other legal services. Social services for disabled people at home can be carried out by one social worker, a social worker and nurse, as well as a team of specialists, which includes a psychologist, a lawyer, a hairdresser, a repair specialist household appliances, social worker, etc.

Specialists of departments of social services at home organize charitable events aimed at involving high school students in helping disabled people. Schoolchildren visit a citizen with disabilities at home, congratulate him on his birthday, perform all possible assistance in improving the client's life (wash dishes, take out the trash, etc.).

In the practice of social service departments at home, there is cooperation with the Russian Orthodox Church. Representatives of the church, at the request of clients, visit them at home, talk with the disabled, and provide them with psychological assistance.

In order to more effectively provide social services to people with disabilities at the place of residence, social service institutions cooperate with territorial public self-government. Territorial public self-government (TPS) is the self-organization of citizens at their place of residence on a part of the city territory for the independent and responsible implementation of initiatives on issues of local importance. This association is a form of implementation by the population of local self-government in the city and is designed to promote the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, their independence in resolving issues of city development.

The main forms of implementation social work with disabled people at the place of residence are: targeted material assistance, organization of club associations for the disabled, holding holidays for the disabled, holding free legal advice for citizens with disabilities, holding sports events among people with disabilities of various age groups, etc.

Within the framework of public self-government, social-consultative points of assistance to the disabled are being opened (Blagoveshchensk). This form of social work at the place of residence contributes to the development of a system of social services for the disabled. Social advisory centers are territorially close to the population, which makes it possible to ensure the real availability of social services to all those in need. Club associations have been created and operate here to organize leisure and employment of the disabled. Specialists of social advisory centers provide citizens with disabilities at the place of residence not only targeted social support (shoes, clothes, money), but also legal services, help them get a job, organize their vacation.

Thus, the main forms of social services for disabled people include semi-stationary, emergency social services, and social services at home. This makes it possible for a disabled person to preserve his usual living conditions (his home, comfort, friends and acquaintances), to extend his ability to be a more independent, independent and active member of society. One of the new forms of social work with people with disabilities at the place of residence is the implementation in territorial public self-governments of advising citizens with disabilities, where they are helped to organize their leisure time with the help of interest clubs, they invite lawyers, psychologists to provide the necessary information.

Questions for self-control

1. List the main forms of social services for the disabled.

2. Describe the semi-stationary form of social services for the disabled.

3. Expand the features of social work with people with disabilities at the place of residence.

National standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007. Social service of the population. Types of social service institutions for the elderly and disabled. // Social service. - 2009. - No. 2

Nikonov L.S., Chetverikov M.N. Targeted social protection: Experience municipalities- M., 2003.

Kholostova E.I. Social work with disabled people: Tutorial. - 3rd ed. - M., 2009.

Currently, the number of elderly citizens in Russia is 30.5 million people, or 20.7 percent of the total population. There is a steady increase in the proportion of people of retirement age, which will continue in the near future. Over the past forty years, the number of older people has increased by 2.2 times (with the growth of the entire population by 1.25 times). Kiselev S.G. Social services - a contribution to the social well-being of elderly citizens // Worker of the social service, 2004, No. 1 - 2. - p. 17.

The aging of the population occurs simultaneously with the process of a general decline in living standards. For the majority of older people, retirement is a decrease in income by one and a half, two or more times. The inability of older people to satisfy their needs on their own or with the help of relatives should not always be the basis for placement in stationary social service institutions.

Therefore, the predominant development of a network of non-stationary and semi-stationary institutions remains indisputable. Thanks to this, many older people who have retained full or partial ability to self-service have gained access to basic social services, as well as the opportunity for an independent existence in their usual living environment.

Institutions with a non-stationary and semi-stationary form of social service include social service centers, which are leading in the provision of social assistance at the municipal level.

Social services for the elderly and old people are carried out through the department of centers:

Social assistance at home;

Specialized home care unit;

Emergency Department;

Department of day care;

Helpline Service;

Department of Natural Aid and Services;

Social services can be permanent or temporary, depending on the desire of the ward. It can be completely free, partially paid or paid, depending on the income of pensioners.

Women over 55 years of age and men over 60 years of age who need permanent or temporary assistance due to partial or complete loss of the ability to independently satisfy their vital needs have the right to social services.

Semi-stationary institutions of a new type are gerontological centers, where, with a homogeneous age composition, similar needs and interests of the attendants, it is easier to create a comfortable living environment, maintain a favorable psychological atmosphere, and provide the elderly with medical care and care.

Currently, 10 gerontological and gerontopsychological centers (departments) serve 2.1 thousand people. The number of social service centers in the country is 1744, more than a third of the centers are complex, providing a variety of services various categories population. In the forecast period, it is expected that the network of social service centers will increase annually by at least 50 units.

An analysis of the work of social service institutions shows that there are semi-stationary day care institutions in 931 centers. Each such department serves an average of 570 people per year. Concept social policy in relation to the elderly//Social security, 2006, No. 1.-p. 26.

Analysis of the work of social service institutions

shows that 931 centers have semi-permanent day care units. Each such department serves an average of 570 people per year.

Social support for the elderly in difficult life situations is provided through 1954 departments of emergency social assistance.

The most common is the social service for the elderly at home, which, through 12,654 departments, is used by more than 1.2 million people. Overall, for every 10,000 retirees, home-based services reach approximately 291 people. The concept of social policy in relation to the elderly // Social Security, 2006, No. 1.-p. 26.

Socially - medical service about 60 thousand seriously ill elderly and disabled people receive at home through 1009 specialized departments annually, while its share in the total mass of home services exceeded 9% and is increasing from year to year.

It is obvious that it is necessary to continue developing the network of non-stationary institutions as more economic and closer to the real needs of the elderly, when everyone has the opportunity to choose the best option for social services for themselves.

Let us consider in more detail the activities of individual social service centers.

The Department of Social Care at Home was first organized in 1987 and immediately received wide recognition from the old people. At present, this is one of the main types of social services, the main purpose of which is to maximize the stay of old people in their usual habitat, maintain their personal and social status, protect their rights and legitimate interests.

The main social services indicated at home:

Catering and food delivery at home;

Assistance in the acquisition of medicines, industrial essential goods;

Assistance in obtaining medical care, escort to a medical institution, clinic, hospital;

Maintenance of living conditions in accordance with hygiene requirements;

Organization of various social and household services depending on living conditions in a city or village (payment utilities, electricity, communication services; assistance in providing fuel, etc.);

Assistance in the formation of documents, including for the establishment of guardianship and guardianship;

Placement in stationary social service institutions;

Assistance in the organization ritual services and burial of the lonely dead;

In addition to home-based social services provided for by federal and territorial lists of state-guaranteed social services, additional services may be provided to old people on the basis of full or partial payment.

The department is created to serve at least 120 elderly citizens living in urban areas and at least 60 citizens living in countryside or the urban sector that does not have public amenities. Uskova N.I. They will feed, and treat, and put things in order.// Sociology, 2001. No. 5. -p.14

A specialized department of social assistance at home is intended for permanent or temporary (up to 6 months) social and consumer services and the provision of pre-medical care, at home, to elderly citizens and the disabled who have lost the ability to self-service and suffering from diseases that are a contraindication to acceptance for service department of social assistance at home.

Social services for the elderly are provided by social workers, and medical services are provided by nurses.

Job title social worker is based on the calculation of the service by one employee of 3 pensioners and disabled people living in a rural area or an urban private sector that does not have public amenities, and 10 citizens living in the city.

The departments perform the following tasks:

Identification and registration, together with health authorities and institutions, of citizens in need of specialized home care;

Providing pensioners with qualified care, social and household and pre-hospital medical care at home;

Systematic monitoring of the state of health and carrying out activities aimed at preventing exacerbations of chronic diseases;

Provision of psychological assistance to serviced persons and members of their families;

Teaching relatives practical skills in general patient care;

The welfare services provided by the Special Home Care Unit are basically the same as the care provided by the Home Care Unit. To additional services relate:

Feeding weakened pensioners;

Provision of sanitary and hygienic assistance to persons served;

Change of underwear and bed linen;

Holding medical procedures etc. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p.53.

The emergency social assistance service is designed to provide citizens who are in dire need of social support, emergency care one-time nature, aimed at maintaining their livelihoods.

The positions of a social work specialist, social workers, as well as a psychologist and a lawyer are being introduced to the emergency social assistance headquarters.

The Social Urgent Assistance Service provides the following social services:

One-time provision of free hot meals or food packages to those in dire need;

Provision of clothing, footwear and other essentials;

One-time provision of financial assistance;

Assistance in obtaining temporary housing;

Organization of legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served;

Organization of emergency medical and psychological assistance;

Referral of citizens to the relevant authorities and services for qualified and complete resolution of their issues;

Other urgent social services. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p. 59.

The day care department is intended for social, household, medical, cultural services for citizens who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, organizing their meals and recreation, engaging them in feasible work activities, and maintaining an active lifestyle.

The day care unit is semi-permanent, structural unit social service center and is created to serve at least 15 people.

The duration of service by the day care department is set based on the order of citizens for service, but not less than 2 weeks.

The day care department, in accordance with the list of state-guaranteed social services, provides social, medical, legal, catering, household and leisure services, as well as assists persons with disabilities in obtaining education or a profession in accordance with their physical capabilities and mental abilities. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p. 64.

The day care department is a kind of leisure center for the elderly, regardless of whether they live in families or are single.

The main objective of the activity is to help older people overcome loneliness, a secluded lifestyle, fill their existence with new meaning, form an active lifestyle, partially lost due to retirement.

Recently, in many departments of day care, new methods of social work and rehabilitation of the elderly have been actively practiced.

The branch of natural aid and services is intended for the sale of goods and household services at socially low prices.

Its structure usually includes:

Shop for the sale of food and manufactured goods of prime necessity;

Salon;

Sewing factory;

Servicing of the elderly and disabled is carried out on the basis of a pension certificate. The department also participates in the distribution of humanitarian aid through the Red Cross and other types of charitable assistance.

In the structure of the social service center, in addition to those listed, there may be other divisions. The decision to create a particular unit is made by the director of the center in agreement with the department social protection population.

Currently, the need for social services in stationary conditions remains quite high.

In the regions of Russia, there are 674 state-run boarding schools for the elderly and disabled for 92.8 thousand places and about 528 municipal homes for veterans with about 1.7 thousand places. Elderly citizens suffering from various mental illnesses receive assistance in 542 psycho-neurological boarding schools, 17 mercy boarding houses. The concept of social policy in relation to the elderly // Social Security, 2006, No. 1. - p.28.

In stationary social service institutions for elderly citizens, living conditions corresponding to their age, state of mental and somatic health are created, social, social, labor and medical rehabilitation, leisure and recreation activities are carried out.

The stationary institutions of social service for the elderly and old people include:

Houses - boarding schools of a general type (homes for the elderly);

Boarding house for veterans of labor and disabled people, veterans of the Second World War, the elderly of certain professional categories (artists, etc.);

Special houses for single and childless couples with a range of social services;

Specialized boarding houses for former prisoners who have reached old age;

Houses (departments) of mercy;

Temporary residences;

Houses - boarding schools for psychochronics;

Let us consider in more detail the most common type of stationary social service institution - a boarding house of a general type.

Houses - boarding schools are intended for permanent residence the elderly and disabled, single married couples who, for health reasons, need daily social and household services and periodic or permanent care.

For the residence of elderly and disabled citizens in boarding schools, two departments are usually provided. This is a department for persons capable of partial self-service and movement around the house - a boarding school and the area adjacent to it, and a department for those in need of constant care. Each department should have a set of premises for carrying out social, hygienic and medical and preventive measures.

In addition to departments for living in boarding schools, public facilities are provided: a cinema hall, a library, an assembly hall, a club, a recreation room with a set of required technical equipment, musical instruments, board games, a dining room with a catering department, medical offices, medical and labor workshops, service and utility rooms necessary for the normal functioning of the boarding house.

In accordance with the list of state-guaranteed social services, the following types of services are provided in boarding schools:

Catering services, including dietary, everyday life;

Providing health care;

Qualified medical care, rehabilitation, timely diagnosis of complications and exacerbations of chronic diseases;

Provision of psychological assistance;

Organization of the provision of dental, prosthetic and prosthetic - orthopedic care;

Organization of advisory assistance to medical-profiled institutions and transfer of elderly residents, if necessary, to an appropriate medical institution;

Organization cultural - mass work with residents, taking into account their age and state of health;

Legal services;

Involvement in rehabilitation activities of members of public and religious organizations, charitable societies and associations;

Other social services. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk regional gerontological center. 2003. - With. 72.

If elderly citizens systematically violate the rules of living in boarding houses of a general type, they can be transferred to specialized nursing homes.

Specialized nursing homes are intended for permanent residence of citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and need constant care, from among the vacated places of deprivation of liberty, especially dangerous recidivists. Elderly people who have previously been convicted or repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violating public order, who are engaged in vagrancy and begging, are also sent here.

Social service in stationary conditions successfully fulfills its mission, if it does not itself contribute to the disruption of habitual social ties, deepening the social alienation of the individual. The multi-occupancy houses of the same type prevailing at the present time - boarding schools should be gradually replaced by hospitals with a small capacity.

One of the promising forms of improving the social and living conditions of lonely elderly people, organizing their medical care, recreation and leisure is the creation of special residential buildings for this category of citizens.

In accordance with the example “Regulations on a special house for lonely elderly people”, approved by the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population on April 7, 1994, these houses are intended for permanent residence of single citizens, as well as married couples who have retained full or partial ability to self-service in everyday life and need to create conditions for self-realization of their basic vital needs.

The main purpose of creating such houses is to provide favorable conditions accommodation and self-service; provision of social, household and medical assistance to elderly citizens; creation of conditions for an active lifestyle, including feasible labor activity.

Special houses can be built as per standard project, and be located in converted separate buildings or parts of a multi-storey building. Special houses consist of one-, two-room apartments and include a complex of social and household services, medical office, library, canteen, order points for foodstuffs, delivery of linen to the laundry or dry cleaning, premises for cultural activities and for work. They should be equipped with small-scale mechanization to facilitate self-service for elderly residents. At such houses round-the-clock operating dispatch centers equipped with intercom are organized.

Medical care for citizens living in special boarding schools is carried out medical staff territorial medical and preventive institutions, and the organization of social, domestic, commercial and cultural services - with relevant territorial bodies and services.

The priority right to provide housing in a special house is used by single disabled people and participants in the Great Patriotic War and related persons.

Special houses are usually classified as social housing stock, are state property and are located in operational management fund of social support of the population.

The main sources of funding for special homes are budgetary appropriations, as well as income from the sale of housing transferred to the fund by the residents of the special home, the fund's income from entrepreneurial activities.

When single citizens move into a special house, the safety of the living quarters transferred to the fund for social support of the population is ensured for 6 months from the moment of settlement. The size compensation payments is 10% of the cost of housing according to BTI.

The possibility of privatization of residential premises in a special house is excluded. In the event of the departure of one of the family members living in a two-room apartment, the fund has the right, with the consent of the remaining family member, to replace the area occupied by them with a smaller one, or to move to the vacated area, in compliance with the relevant rules and regulations.

Thus, various social service institutions occupy an important place in the system of social protection of the elderly and old people.

In the field of social services for the elderly and old people, the fundamental documents regulating in Russian legislation social - labor rights people are the federal laws “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation”, “On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens”, “On Veterans”, which entered into force in 1995.

Moreover, it can be said that the activities of these institutions actively shape not only the attitude towards the elderly in society, but also the position of the elderly: their views on themselves, their place and role in the social organization.

According to these laws, the main principles of activities in the field of social services for old people are as follows:

Observance of human and citizens' rights;

Providing state guarantees;

Ensuring equal opportunities in receiving social services and their availability for old people;

Continuity of all types of social services;

Orientation of social services to individual needs;

Priority of measures for social adaptation elderly citizens.

Elderly and disabled citizens who need it and who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, who do not have medical contraindications for enrollment in social services, provided for in part four of Article 15 of this Federal Law, are accepted for semi-stationary social services.
The decision on enrollment in semi-stationary social services is made by the head of the social service institution on the basis of a personal written application of an elderly citizen or a disabled person and a certificate from a health care institution on his state of health.
Semi-stationary social services are carried out by departments of day (night) stay, created in municipal centers of social services or under the bodies of social protection of the population.
By order of the Ministry of Social Protection of the Russian Federation of January 25, 1994 N 10, the Temporary Regulations on the Night Stay House were approved. Article 20. Stationary social services
Stationary social services are aimed at providing comprehensive social and household assistance to elderly citizens and the disabled, who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and who, for health reasons, need constant care and supervision.
Stationary social services include measures to create for the elderly and the disabled the most adequate living conditions for their age and health status, rehabilitation measures of a medical, social and medical-labor nature, provision of care and medical assistance, organization of their recreation and leisure.
Stationary social services for elderly citizens and the disabled are carried out in stationary institutions (departments) of social services, profiled in accordance with their age, state of health and social position.
It is not allowed to place disabled children with physical disabilities in stationary social service institutions intended for the residence of children with mental disorders.
Elderly citizens and persons with disabilities who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and need constant outside care, from among the especially dangerous recidivists released from places of deprivation of liberty and other persons who are subject to administrative supervision in accordance with the current legislation, as well as elderly citizens and disabled people who have previously been convicted or repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for disturbing public order, engaged in vagrancy and begging, who are sent from the institutions of the internal affairs bodies, in the absence of medical contraindications and, at their personal request, are accepted for social services in special stationary social service institutions on the basis of decisions of local governments.
Elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions and constantly violating the procedure for living in them established by the Regulation on a social service institution may, at their request or by a court decision made on the basis of a recommendation from the administration of these institutions, be transferred to special stationary social service institutions. service.

So social services. Let's figure out what this concept includes. As a rule, mutually beneficial relationships arise when the existing demand for certain goods or services meets with a proposal that fully satisfies those who somehow realized and formulated a certain need. This is how relations are built in all spheres, including social ones. Note that the demand for social services arises among the most vulnerable people: the elderly, the disabled and children from disadvantaged families. Let us consider in detail one of the types of social relationships - semi-stationary social services.

Parties to the relationship

Any contractual relationship involves at least two parties who agree on rights and obligations in relation to each other.

In the Russian Federation, the right to social services, including semi-stationary social services, can be used by both citizens of the Russian Federation and foreigners, as well as persons without citizenship, but registered with a permanent place of residence in Russia. And this is one side.

On the other side are those bodies and organizations whose field of activity is the provision of necessary services. We present them in descending order of authority:

• executive authority at the federal level: its function is legislative;
• state bodies of regional significance: their function is executive and controlling the social sphere of the region;
• social service institutions accountable to executive authorities of the federal level;
• social service institutions accountable government bodies regional significance;
• institutions providing social services on a non-state basis: both commercial and non-commercial;
• private entrepreneurs providing social services to the population.

Basic principles

All bodies and institutions related to social sphere, including the provision of stationary and semi-stationary social services, are guided in their work by certain principles.

We list the main ones:

1. Humane treatment of persons on inpatient care, including:

• a ban on the use of any medication in relation to them with the aim of influencing behavior;
• the inadmissibility of the use of force or isolation of a coercive nature.

Identification of the listed actions on the part of the personnel of institutions entails administrative and criminal liability.

2. Social services are provided to persons in need of them exclusively on a voluntary basis. If desired, a person receiving social services can refuse them at any time.

3. All details of a confidential nature, as well as personal data of the person who applied for the provision of social services, which became known to social specialists, are not subject to disclosure. Responsibility for violation of this principle is also provided for by law.

4. Any citizen in need of social services should be able to receive it. The entire set of established social services should be available to anyone who needs them.

5. Bodies of social protection of the population carry out systematic work aimed at creating and replenishing a database of persons who, due to life circumstances, need social support. Lists of such people are also provided educational institutions, DMIA, medical institutions.

Payment for services

Social services are provided by organizations whose functions include stationary and semi-stationary social services to the population, both on a gratuitous and paid basis. The amount of partial or full payment is established by the executive authorities of the federal level of the Russian Federation. The list of services provided is compiled on the basis of the demand of those categories of the population to whom these services are provided. Services provided free of charge are financed from the regional budget.

The quality of social services, as well as their regularity, are determined by the state standard.

The state is interested both in maintaining the usual quality of life and in its improvement for those categories of the population that are recognized as in need of social services.

Definition of social service

The concept of social service refers exclusively to the social sphere. This is an activity carried out continuously, periodically or once in order to improve the quality of life of the person who applied for help.

There are three types of social assistance, we list them:

1. Stationary, i.e. on a permanent basis: provides for the residence of elderly citizens and the disabled in boarding schools, as well as accommodation with care educational process for children in boarding schools.

2. Semi-stationary, i.e. with limited stay:

• stay in institutions of day and night residence - for the elderly and disabled;
• for minors who have lost their parents or removed from dysfunctional families - accommodation in children's centers.

3. Home service: both on a regular basis and on a one-time basis.

Thus, semi-stationary social service institutions are considered to be those institutions in which stay for needy categories of the population is limited to a certain period established by law.

List of social services

Social services can be provided to certain categories of the population on a long-term and regular basis or once.

It should be noted that the provision of social services for a long period is provided mainly for stationary and semi-stationary forms of social services. Citizen, being in social institution receives the following services on a regular basis:

• Social and domestic, providing a standard level of domestic comfort.
• Socio-medical, providing medical checkup, carrying out therapeutic measures, including physiotherapy exercises, and, if necessary, the implementation medical manipulations.
• Socio-psychological, aimed at stabilizing the psychological state of the recipient of social services, his socialization. If necessary, anonymous psychological work is carried out by means of a helpline.
• Socio-pedagogical - provided both taking into account the existing behavioral deviations among the recipients of social services, and for preventive purposes, which requires a revision of the value system and, as a result, the formation of interests that promote development. Pedagogical assistance to parents in the upbringing of children is also provided.
• Social and labor - turn out to be a citizen experiencing difficulties with employment, as well as with the arrangement of life associated with the inclusion of a work schedule in it.
• Social and legal - are provided in order to improve legal literacy to certain categories of the population who need to defend their rights and interests. The provision of legal advice may be free, but this does not apply to representing the interests of a citizen in court.
• Services aimed at developing the communication skills of a person with a disability due to the loss of limbs, vision and other organs, intended for full communication.

This also applies to children with disabilities.

Urgent Services

Let's consider a situation where you, as a single or living alone pensioner or disabled person, are faced with a problem for which you need outside help to solve. Your material resources are not great, so you are not able to pay for the necessary services at commercial prices. In this case, information about urgent social assistance may be useful to you. It is provided by emergency social assistance departments under state budget institutions social services for the population. Such institutions exist in all regions of the Russian Federation.

So what can they do for you.

Let's start with the fact that such institutions operate warehouses of free clothes and shoes. These clothes are brought as charity by persons who, for some reason, do not use them. Clothing, both winter and summer, is accepted only in good condition, clean and ironed. Sometimes entrepreneurs bring new clothes and shoes as charitable assistance. Also in stock are children's toys, children's furniture, strollers and walkers. However, these items do not stay in stock. Before the new school year, school supplies, uniforms and briefcases are deposited in large quantities.

1. You can receive the necessary clothes, shoes and other items that you need from the above list in the form of free urgent social assistance in the warehouse.
2. If for any reason you are in need of temporary housing, you can apply to the Social Welfare Office and receive the opportunity to live in a semi-permanent social service institution.
3. At you are having legal difficulties, but you do not have the means to pay for the services of a lawyer. You can get free legal advice in the form of emergency social assistance.
4. If you have experienced a high stress situation in your life and you have not been able to overcome it on your own, then you can seek psychological help in the emergency department of social services. This assistance will be provided to you free of charge by the psychologist of the institution, and, if necessary, by a clergyman who interacts with this institution.
5. If you find it difficult to independently carry out small redecorating, then the social workers of emergency social service departments will help you solve this problem. But these services will be paid. However, the prices for such work are quite budgetary.
6. If you are disabled and find it difficult to use services public transport, but there was a need to travel, for example, to the place of treatment, then in social service institutions there is an urgent transport service. It is also paid: you pay the cost of gasoline and the work of the driver.
7. A pleasant appearance should be at any age. But if it is not possible to get to the nearest hairdresser, or its services are expensive, then you can make an application to call the hairdresser of the urgent social department. This service is also paid, however, its price is an order of magnitude lower than commercial.

Note: to receive urgent service you only need to fill out an application at the urgent social services department. The provision of semi-stationary social services, as well as stationary, is associated with the procedure for issuing an appropriate package of documents.

Who is eligible?

Not every citizen of the Russian Federation is entitled to the existing range of social services, but only those who have been recognized by a special commission as needing the provision of social services. It is this citizen of the Russian Federation that will be considered the recipient of social services.

Each region of the country has a Ministry of Labor and social development, and it is at its level that decisions are made about a citizen's need for social services.

This happens under the following circumstances:

• a citizen cannot or is not able to properly continue to serve himself independently due to illness, age-related changes, injury or recognition of his disability;
• a citizen cannot provide proper permanent care for a disabled child or an adult recognized as disabled - due to the fact that he is forced to work;
• there are children or one child in the family who need socialization, minors can also be wards;
• family members do not have the opportunity to provide both permanent and temporary care for minors, the disabled, children with disabilities, including due to the lack of care for these family members;
• the family includes asocial persons with formed alcohol, drug or gambling addictions, as well as those with mental disabilities or there are signs of family violence;
• a citizen under the age of 23 was left without permanent place residence upon leaving the institution for minors left without parents in connection with the death of the latter or in connection with the deprivation of parents of parental rights;
• the citizen is not employed and deprived of the means of subsistence;
• other circumstances provided for by regional legislation or federal laws.

Main Document

So, if a citizen belongs to one of the categories listed above, he has the right to social services, both on a permanent and short-term basis. However, this does not mean that a social service institution can start providing social services to a citizen.

The registration procedure begins with a citizen's application submitted to territorial office social services for the population. After that, representatives of this institution go to the place of residence of a citizen to draw up an act of inspection of material and living conditions, as well as an examination of his physical and mental conditions, which are also reflected in the corresponding act.

These documents are the starting point for the formation of the "Individual Program for the Provision of Social Services". This package of documents will also reflect the types of semi-stationary social services, and other clauses of the contract.

It should be remembered that only certain categories of persons can apply for the provision of social services. We have listed them above.

Where is it happening?

Those who apply for the provision of social services on a regular basis should be aware of what will actually be associated with their receipt.

Semi-stationary social services are provided by specialists and special workers of the territorial complex centers of social services, at which day and (or) night departments are organized for the needy. These departments are supervised by the bodies of social protection of the population.

You are, of course, mindful of the set time period during which you can be a "resident" of a semi-residential social service department. There is no question of lifelong residence in them.

The provision of semi-residential social services can be both free (for certain types of services) and paid for you. The amount of payment for social services is related to the per capita financing established in each region of the Russian Federation. Per capita financing depends on the amount of the subsistence minimum established in the region of your residence.

What will help you?

As part of the semi-residential social services for the elderly and disabled, you can count on the provision of the following services:

1. You will be provided with hot meals; bedding was offered, a bed was allocated in a room with sanitary and hygienic conditions that correspond to the standards for these institutions; you will have free access to printed matter different directions, as well as board games appropriate for your age group.
2. Social and medical services: you will be provided with both medical and psychological assistance within the boundaries of your needs; including you can count on sanitary and hygienic services, different kinds health and rehabilitation procedures.
3. Semi-stationary social services for the disabled provide, in particular, medical rehabilitation manipulations in accordance with the "Individual Program for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled". This assistance can hardly be overestimated, since not every citizen with a disability can afford daily rehabilitation activities at the medical institutions especially considering their remoteness.
4. As part of the semi-residential social service for the elderly and disabled, it is provided not only to increase your educational level, but also to receive new profession. You will be able to gain practical skills in your chosen profession, and with the help of psychological support it will be easier for you to gain confidence in new circumstances and in your new status.
5. Beneficiaries of social services generally need legal assistance. And legal advice is provided to them free of charge.

As you can see, the organization of semi-residential social services provides for all types of necessary assistance, both for elderly citizens and people with disabilities, to constructively change the quality of their lives. And the time frame provided for staying in this institution is quite enough for the effect of being to be maximum. The main thing is to understand why you are here.

Rights and obligations

So, in order to certain period a citizen has become a recipient of social services, the "Individual Program for the Provision of Social Services" is filled out, which spells out the procedure for providing semi-stationary social services.

See the list of services above. Of these, you can choose those that are needed, their number per week, clarify the conditions and terms of their provision. In this document, you will be able to see a list of all social service providers available in your area of ​​residence.

After final viewing this document a person puts his signature, which will confirm his agreement with the conditions that are prescribed in the Program.

However, you need to know that if you want to change the number or terms of the social services you have chosen, you can always do this.

However, the provider of social services is not entitled to change the procedure for semi-stationary social services and the types of services.

Home delivery

Branches of comprehensive social service centers can provide social services "with home delivery" to needy citizens.

Semi-stationary social services at home are provided to recipients of social services either for a certain period of time (up to half a year) or indefinitely.

Peculiarities:

1. This type of service can be chosen by those pensioners or people with disabilities who need outside help only in some areas, but in general they cope well with household chores. Such recipients of social services may have certain difficulties with self-service, therefore, in need of the help of social workers and social work specialists, they choose a set of general services (complex).
2. Also, social and medical services can be provided at home, provided that there is a social and medical department as part of an integrated center for social services for the population. This is due to the fact that individuals old age and disabled people who need this type of service may have diseases that require a social worker with a medical education. These are diseases such as: mental disorders, but in remission; tuberculosis in a closed form; oncology in the last stage.
3. The legislation provides for circumstances and diseases in which the provision of social and medical services is impossible. A document confirming the presence of this disease is signed by a representative of the social protection department and the VKK of the medical institution.

As for other social services provided at home, they are listed above in the chapter "How you can get help". However, the presence or absence of staffing a comprehensive center for social services for professionals competent in these areas.

2.1 Stationary and semi-residential social services

Stationary social services are carried out in stationary institutions (boarding houses for the elderly and disabled, boarding schools for the disabled, neuropsychiatric boarding schools, etc.)

Elderly citizens and disabled people who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and who, for health reasons, are in need of constant extraneous care and supervision, are sent to these institutions. In addition, a network of specialized institutions for disabled children has been established.

In recent years, nursing homes have become widespread, the content of which is on a paid basis at the expense of the elderly themselves or the enterprises in which they worked.

Citizens of retirement age (women from 55 years old, men from 60 years old), as well as disabled people of groups I and II over 18 years old, are admitted to boarding schools, provided that they do not have able-bodied children or parents obliged by law to support them.

Boarding houses for the disabled accept only disabled people of groups I and II aged 18 to 40 who do not have able-bodied children and parents who are legally required to support them.

The psycho-neurological boarding school accepts persons suffering from chronic mental illness, who need care, domestic services and medical assistance, regardless of whether they have relatives who are legally obliged to support them or not.

In stationary institutions, not only care and necessary health care, but also rehabilitation measures of a medical, social and medical-labor nature.

Elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions are provided with:

1. material and domestic services (provision of living space, organization of rehabilitation measures, medical and labor activities, cultural and community services);

2. services for catering, everyday life, leisure (hot meals, including dietary meals, provision of clothes, shoes, bedding, creation of conditions for religious rites, etc.);

3. socio-medical and sanitary-hygienic services (free medical care, provision of care, assistance in conducting medical and social examination, rehabilitation measures, assistance in hospitalization, assistance in prosthetics, provision of sanitary and hygienic conditions in the premises);

4. organizing education for disabled people, taking into account their physical abilities and mental abilities;

5. services related to social and labor rehabilitation (creation of conditions for the use of residual labor opportunities);

6. legal services;

7. assistance in organizing funeral services.

Citizens living in stationary social service institutions also have the right to exemption from punishment. Any punishment of elderly and disabled citizens or the creation of amenities for the personnel of these institutions, the use of medicines, means of physical restraint, as well as the isolation of elderly and disabled citizens. The law provides for disciplinary administrative or criminal liability for persons guilty of violating this rule.

Application for admission to a boarding school together with medical card submitted to a higher-level organization social security, which issues a ticket to the boarding house. If a person is incompetent, then his placement in a stationary institution is carried out on the basis of a written application of his legal representative.

If necessary, with the permission of the director of the boarding house, a pensioner or a disabled person may temporarily leave the social service institution for a period of up to one month. A temporary exit permit is issued taking into account the opinion of a doctor, as well as a written obligation of relatives or other persons to provide care for an elderly or disabled person.

The law provides for the right of citizens who are in stationary social service institutions to refuse the services of these institutions, but on condition that they have relatives who can support them and provide the necessary care.

Persons staying in boarding homes for the elderly and disabled of a general type, who systematically and grossly violate the rules of internal order, may be transferred to special boarding homes (special departments) by a court decision made on the basis of a recommendation from the administration of these institutions. They are created mainly for the elderly and disabled, previously convicted or repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violating public order, engaged in vagrancy and begging, sent from the institutions of the internal affairs bodies. In addition, they also send citizens in need of constant care from among those released from places of deprivation of liberty of especially dangerous recidivists and other persons who are under administrative supervision.

For persons without a fixed place of residence among the elderly and disabled, specialized institutions (social shelters, social hotels, social adaptation centers, etc.) are created, in which a temporary place of residence is provided (including medical care, food, accommodation) and measures are taken for social adaptation persons who have lost socially useful connections (primarily persons released from places of deprivation of liberty) to the conditions of life in society.

Social service institutions provide assistance not only to elderly citizens and the disabled, but also to orphans, and are also actively working to solve the problems of child neglect, the prevention of delinquency among adolescents of "social orphanhood", and social assistance to people without a fixed place of residence.

Children from 4 to 18 years old with anomalies of mental or physical development are admitted to the orphanage. At the same time, it is not allowed to place disabled children with physical disabilities in stationary institutions intended for the residence of children with mental disorders.

One of the varieties of social services for the disabled and the elderly are semi-hospital centers created in municipal centers of social services or under the bodies of social protection of the population.

Day (night) stay departments carry out social, medical and cultural service elderly and disabled citizens.

Semi-stationary social services are provided for elderly and disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement and have no medical contraindications for enrollment in such social services, as well as children in difficult life situations.

These institutions provide the following services:

1 organization of food, life and leisure (providing hot meals, providing bedding, providing books, magazines, newspapers);

2 social and medical services (assistance in obtaining medical and psychological assistance, provision of sanitary and hygienic services, organization of medical and recreational activities, assistance in conducting rehabilitation programs for the disabled, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium treatment, assistance in prosthetics, etc.) d.);

3 assistance in education and training;

4 assistance in finding employment;

5 assistance in organizing legal services;

6 assistance in organizing funeral services.

For persons without a fixed place of residence and employment in the system of social protection bodies, special institutions of a semi-stationary type are created - night stays, social shelters, social hotels, centers of social adaptation. These institutions provide:

2 coupons for one-time (once a day) free meals;

3 first aid;

4 personal hygiene items, sanitization;

6 assistance in providing prosthetics;

7 registration in a boarding house;

8 assistance in registration and recalculation of pensions;

9 assistance in employment, in the preparation of identity documents;

10 assistance in obtaining an insurance medical policy;

11 provision of comprehensive assistance (consultations on legal will dews, personal services, etc.).

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