Introduction

1. Analysis of the features of the functioning of the housing and communal services in Russia 11

1.1. The current economic state of housing and communal services in Russia 11

1.2 Tariffs and tariff regulation 20

1.2.1 Modern multi-part tariffs 21

1.2.2. Determining the financial needs of housing and communal enterprises 37

1.2.3. Alternative options for multi-part tariffs 41

1.3. Housing and communal services management system 53

1.3.1. Housing management subsystem 57

1.3.2. Tariff regulation subsystem 64

1.3.3. Distribution schemes Money 67

1.3.4. The set of preferences of the actors of the housing and communal services system (Pj) 71

Conclusions to chapter 1 80

2. Development of a generalized decision-making algorithm in the housing and communal services management system 83

2.1. Classification of decision support systems 83

2.2. Decision-making methods and models 87

2.3. Synthesis of a generalized decision-making algorithm in the housing and communal services management system 93

2.3.1. The study of many informative features of the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system 95

2.3.2. The environment for the task of making managerial decisions in the management system of housing and communal services 101

2.3.3. Goal-setting when choosing a management decision in the management system of housing and communal services 107

2.3.4. A set of measurement scales according to the criteria and preferences of the actors of the system 109

2.3.5. Many alternatives 110

2.3.6. Vector criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the control action 112

2.3.7. Formation, formalization, ordering and aggregation of the set of preferences of system actors 122

2.4. Justification for the choice of solution methods 130

2.5. Generalized algorithm for multi-criteria choice of alternatives 131

2.6. Decision-making algorithm based on a game model under uncertainty 134

2.7. Decision-making algorithm based on the hierarchy analysis method 138

2.8. Algorithm for determining the consistency of expert opinions 144

Conclusions to chapter 2 146

3. Software implementation of the task of making managerial decisions in the housing and communal services management system 148

3.1. The solution of the ZPR with the help matrix method game theory 149

3.2. Solving the CPR using the Hierarchy Analysis Method 154

3.4 Comparative analysis volume of expert work 186

Conclusions to chapter 3 188

Conclusion 189

References 191

Introduction to work

This dissertation research is devoted to the development of a basic simulation model for a management decision support system (DMS) in the management of housing and communal services (HUS), which allows, from a variety of alternative options for strategic management decisions, to carry out a multi-criteria choice of the “best” (compromise) variant of a management decision based on the existing fuzzy and sometimes uncertain information about the current economic and financial state of the economy sector and the solvency of consumers of housing and communal services (HCS). The relevance of the topic of the dissertation work is determined by the ongoing reform of housing and communal services (HCS) - one of the most important areas of socio-economic transformations in Russian Federation. The main goal of the reform is the formation of a civilized market for housing and communal services with the creation of a full-fledged system of targeted social protection for low-income strata of the population.

However, lately there are more and more signs of a serious slowdown in reform, the causes of which are a complex of problems left over from the previous period of the industry's functioning and emerging today. Among the unresolved problems are the lack of sufficient funding for housing and communal enterprises, the backlog of legislative support for the reform, the lack of practice of end-to-end contractual relations, which is determined by the lack and lack of development of scientifically based approaches and methods to decision-making in the housing and communal services management system (HCS). Currently, the industry is faced with the search for strategic management solutions aimed at solving the above problems. A number of Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Moscow emphasize the need to reform the management system of the industry and introduce science-intensive technologies into it, allowing for multilateral expert activities.

using modern information technologies. This determines the need to develop theoretical and applied decision-making tools in the HCS, as well as the development and implementation of expert systems (ES) and decision support systems (DSS).

In this regard, it has become relevant to monitor the consistency of interests of many subjects of the housing and communal services market (hereinafter referred to as the actors of the housing and communal services system) with ensuring the availability and “transparency” of the formation of funding volumes and the cost structure included in the payment of housing and communal services. Its necessity is associated with the gradual adoption of a scheme of end-to-end contractual relations in the housing and communal services sector and making payments for consumed heat and water resources. Rigid accounting of resources leads to a change in the income base of resource-supplying enterprises and organizations managing the housing stock (housing organizations, management companies (MC) and others legal entities). This increases the responsibility of local governments for the approved tariffs for the coming period, in accordance with which resource-supplying enterprises and managing organizations will be required to conclude supply contracts. Under these conditions, the relevance of a preliminary scientifically based examination of the accepted tariffs for payment of housing and communal services as a tool for strategic regulation is sharply increasing. On the modern level these issues cannot be successfully addressed without the development and use of information systems, allowing in each period of time to find socially compromise management decisions in the regulation of the activities of housing and communal services enterprises.

The lack of theoretical and applied developments on the choice of effective management options actualizes the problem of developing the basis for mathematical modeling of DSS in complex multi-level, multi-factorial and multi-criteria management systems for housing and communal services, which is the subject of this dissertation research.

The degree of development of the research topic. Management Issues economic processes in housing and communal services, such as

the impact of tariff regulation on the economic efficiency of production, regulation of the cost of resources and services, as well as the formation of a methodological basis for calculating tariffs for electricity, heat and fuel, are reflected in the works of Baldin D.V., Fedotova Yu.V., Fatakhetdinova A.I., Sivaeva S., Sharipova I.R., Khachatryana S.R., Vasilyeva I.A., Tarasova N.A., Erzinkyan E.A., Sushko E.D., Shchegoleva A.V.

Certain aspects of the management of the housing and communal services system, aimed at improving the structure of the management system and the regulatory framework that accompanies socio-economic processes, are reflected in the works of Starodubrovskaya I.V., Andrianov V.V., Anankina E.A., Khomchenko D.Yu., Semakova I.K.

The works of Burkov V.N., Novikov D.A., Petrakov S.N., Opoytseva V.I., Kalyanova G.N., Andreichikov A.V. are devoted to mathematical and simulation modeling of socio-economic systems operating under conditions of uncertainty. ., Andreichikova O.N., Laricheva O.I., Vorobieva S.N., Kruglova V.V., Dli M.I., Trakhtengerts E.A., Neumann J., Borisova A.N., Telnova Yu F., Fomina G.P., Novoseltseva V.I., Tsyganova V.V., Borodina V.A., Shishkina G.B., Varzhapetyan A.G., Glushchenko V.V., Egorova N.A. ., Faermana E.Yu. and other researchers.

However, the issues of building decision support systems in the management of housing and communal services have not yet been developed. This served as the basis for the dissertation research.

Object of study is a housing and communal services management system equipped with a decision support system.

Subject of research is a basic simulation model for a decision support system in the management of housing and communal services and a methodology for developing rational management decisions. The purpose of the study is the improvement of the housing and communal services management system based on simulation methods and the use of a decision support system.

Tasks of dissertation research. To achieve the goal of the dissertation research in accordance with the principles of system analysis, the following tasks were set and solved:

Conducting an analysis of the sectoral pricing system, the principles of tariff regulation and the management system of housing and communal services in order to identify the causes of financial instability in the sector of the economy.

Development of a simulation model of the socio-economic system of housing and communal services at the municipal level, which is the basis for building decision support systems in the housing and communal services management system and allowing, from a variety of alternative options, to carry out a multi-criteria choice of a compromise management decision based on the available uncertain information about the current economic and financial state of the economy sector and solvency consumers of housing and communal services.

Formation of a set of informative features of the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system, which makes it possible to formalize the task of making managerial decisions in the housing and communal services management system and consisting of a set of actors of the housing and communal services system, a vector criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of management decisions, a set of preferences of the actors of the housing and communal services system, a set of alternative options for management decisions in the form of multi-stay tariffs, a set of measurement scales according to the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of a management decision in the HUS system and according to the preferences of the actors of the HUS system.

Development of methods for ordering and aggregating the components of the vector criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of management decisions in the HCS and the set of preferences of the HCS system actors. Justification and choice of mathematical methods of solution.

Development of an algorithm for choosing a compromise management decision in the housing and communal services management system based on the calculation of priority vectors of alternative options

solutions. Software implementation of the proposed selection algorithm.

6. Performing calculations on the choice of a multi-part tariff for paying for housing and communal services, which strengthen the financial condition of housing and communal enterprises, reduces their degree of subsidization and does not lead to an increase in social tension in its application. The methodological basis of the dissertation research are: system analysis in management, based on the structuring of systems and a quantitative comparison of alternatives; structural analysis; theory of active and organizational systems; the theory of assessing the usefulness of decision making; operations research theory; theory of intelligent systems. Research methods. The dissertation research uses methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of systems; methods of the theory of mathematical modeling; functional analysis methods, game theory matrix methods, hierarchy analysis method, a priori and a posteriori expert methods. Scientific novelty is as follows:

For the first time, an information-parametric field of the problem of choosing management decisions in the housing and communal services management system has been formed.

For the first time, a generalized algorithm for developing management decisions in the housing and communal services management system was synthesized, based on the method of expert assessments and allowing for a multi-criteria choice of management decisions from a variety of alternative options;

5. The results of applying two methods of multi-criteria choice of management decisions in the housing and communal services management system - the matrix method of game theory and the method of analysis of hierarchies (AHP) - were studied. Defense provisions.

Formed sets of informative features of the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system: a set of actors of the housing and communal services system; vector criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of management decisions in the housing and communal services management system; a set of preferences of the actors of the housing and communal services system; many alternative options for management decisions in the form of structural and logical schemes of multi-rate tariffs for paying for housing and communal services.

Technique for ordering the components of the vector criterion for the effectiveness of management decisions in the housing and communal services management system.

A method for ordering and aggregating the set of preferences of actors in the housing and communal services system.

A generalized algorithm for solving the problem of choosing management decisions in the housing and communal services management system.

Theoretical and practical significance.

Theoretical significance dissertation research is determined by the fact that the author for the first time developed scientific and methodological recommendations for building a basic simulation model for a decision support system in the management of housing and communal services. Practical significance lies in the fact that the developed model contributes to the development of tactical and strategic management decisions in the housing and communal services management system and can be used in making decisions on the regulation of tariffs for resources and services for heat supply, water supply and sanitation at all levels of management. Validity and reliability of research results.

Validity of dissertation research achieved by the correct application of the proven methodological apparatus of the theory of system analysis, the theory of managerial decision-making, the theory of operations research, game theory and the theory of evaluating the usefulness of decision-making. Reliability of research results confirm repeated testing of research results over five years, the introduction of methodological recommendations for making decisions and a computer decision-making system in the management of the housing and communal enterprise ZhilKomSet LLC Zelenogradsky district of Moscow, as well as the fact that the generation of many informative features of the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system was carried out on the basis of current legislation and the practice of functioning of housing and communal enterprises.

Implementation and testing. The theoretical provisions developed by the author were reported at six international and Russian scientific and practical conferences.

Based on the results of the dissertation research, the author received 2 acts on the implementation of research results in the practical activities of the HCS and studying proccess institutions of higher education.

Based on the materials of the dissertation research, the author published 9 scientific articles. List printed publications attached.

The structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation work consists of an introduction, a list of abbreviations used, three chapters with conclusions to each of them, a conclusion, a list of references containing 156 titles. The work is presented on 190 pages of typewritten text and contains: 105 tables, 30 figures, 17 numbered formulas.

Tariffs and tariff regulation

The concept of the policy of payment for housing and utilities involves the legislative definition of the composition of housing and communal payments, the structure of tariffs for certain types services and the value of individual tariffs and / or their parts. Since the life and health of the population, as well as the stability of all sectors of the country's economy, depend on pricing in the housing and communal services sector, it cannot be free from state regulation.

At the Federation level, the modern policy of paying for housing and utilities is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the Law "On the Fundamentals of Federal Housing Policy", the Concept for Reforming the Housing and Communal Services in the Russian Federation, as well as the Laws and Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation on housing subsidies, social protection, social guarantees and compensations to certain groups of the population and the Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation "On federal standards for the transition to a new system of payment for housing and utilities" .

At the regional level, the policy of paying for housing and utilities and the targeted social protection of the population carried out at the same time is regulated by the relevant regional legislation - the Decrees of the regional Legislative Assemblies and governors, as well as the Decrees of local governments.

The concept of tariff policy includes the definition of the structure of tariffs for certain types of housing and communal services and the value of individual tariffs and / or their parts. Thus, the tariff policy is part of the policy of paying for housing and utilities.

One of the objectives of the tariff policy is to form the financial base of utility companies. The most important instrument for the implementation of this task is tariff regulation, the principles and methods of which should be designed in such a way that, on the one hand, they stimulate utility companies to achieve the goals of the owner of the property and, on the other hand, do not cause social tension in society.

Tariff policy is built at the level of municipalities. Rates, tariffs and norms for the consumption of housing and communal services are established at the municipal level and approved by local governments (except for tariffs for electricity and gas). The jurisdiction of the regions as subjects of the Russian Federation includes the coordination of changes in rates and tariffs for housing utilities with a change in rates and tariffs for payment for gas and electricity, established at the level of the subject of the Russian Federation. Since 2000, after the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation was issued, decisions on tariffs for housing and communal services are within the competence of local government and can be made by the Head of the city, and not by the Legislative Assembly of the region, as it was before. The direct competence to set tariffs is determined by the Charters of municipalities. In most cases (more than 70%), this is the competence of the representative bodies of local authorities - assemblies of deputies.

In some regions (Khabarovsk Territory, Chelyabinsk Region, Chuvash Republic, Samara region) rates, tariffs and standards for the consumption of housing and communal services for the population are approved by resolutions of the Heads of districts of individual municipalities and are mandatory for municipal enterprises and institutions owned by municipalities, with the exception of tariffs for water supply. Tariffs for communal services provided by enterprises of other forms of ownership are agreed with the district administrations and approved by the Regional Energy Commissions.

At the same time, the payment for the use of residential premises was not abolished. As a result of terminological arbitrariness, a situation has arisen where out of the seven payments accepted, one part duplicates the other: the payment for the use of residential premises includes payment for the maintenance and repair of the premises. Terminological fuzziness is also present in: in the definition of social hiring, new term"housing fee" and hereinafter referred to as "housing fee". Moreover, the terms "payment for housing" and "payment for housing" are not equivalent, since the "payment for housing" includes payments for major repairs and the removal of household waste, but they are not provided for in the "payment for housing".

In our opinion, the entire set of housing and communal services provided to consumers can be divided into two categories: housing services and utilities. These services are provided to the population by two different subjects of the housing and communal services market: housing services are provided by the owners of the housing stock in accordance with a social rental agreement, in particular, by municipal authorities that own the municipal housing stock and land plots on which private households are located. Payment for housing services is made at established rates. Utilities are provided to the population by service organizations of various forms of ownership, which manage the housing stock in accordance with the contract (service contract between the owner of the housing stock and a service organization - DEZ, a management company, etc.).

Housing and communal services management system

In this study, we restrict ourselves to consideration of housing and communal services at the municipal level, since this level is the basis for building models of a higher level.

The analysis of the CS of the housing and communal services is carried out in order to identify all the structural elements of the management system and the subjects of the housing and communal services market that are directly involved or have an impact on the formation of the tariff policy, as well as non-participating, but interested parties and subject to accounting in the economic and mathematical model. In this regard, this chapter analyzes: 1. currently known management schemes for housing and communal services; 2. financial flows in the provision of housing and communal services; 3. tariff revision procedures at the end of the regulated period.

At the same time, housing and communal services are considered as a socio-economic system, which includes a number of business entities of various forms of ownership, whose activities are coordinated by the formed SU, as well as consumers of housing and communal services. It should be noted that at the present time there is no single form of HCS at the municipal level. Many municipalities have their own structural and functional features control systems. At the same time, economic entities of housing and communal services can be divided into two categories:

1. legal entities related to the CS - separate subdivisions of municipal administrative structures (departments, departments, committees), managing organizations;

2. legal entities related to the objects of management (OS) - resource-supplying organizations, housing enterprises, contractors.

The subsystem of consumers of housing and communal services, in turn, consists of individuals and legal entities as business entities (organizations, enterprises, homeowners associations, housing cooperatives, housing and communal services, etc.). The indicated socio-economic system (hereinafter - simply the system) has a number of features that should be taken into account when developing economic and mathematical models.

The first feature of the HCS is that economic activity of this large, branched socio-economic system largely depends on the activities and price levels formed by economic complexes related to other sectors of the Russian economy - fuel and energy (FEC), mining and water supply, having federal and regional levels of subordination and, consequently, levels regulation.

The second feature is that the housing and communal services system consists of subsystems of three levels - federal, regional and municipal (Figure 9). Depending on the level of consideration of the problem, the number of control objects (OC), regulatory bodies and interested market participants, that is, in the aggregate - the actors of the system under study, changes. Much of this depends on the current legislative framework in terms of the level of competence of the relevant management bodies and the established practice of relations between them.

The third feature that generates feedback in the housing and utilities sector, is that in many cities of Russia, municipal housing and communal services are serviced by resource-supplying enterprises of the regional and federal levels of subordination, which have the status of a state unitary enterprise - a state unitary enterprise. In such cases, as a rule, tripartite contracts for the supply of resources are concluded, in which the management company (MC), the resource supplying enterprise and the administration participate. municipality. Each party has its own rights and obligations. The management company collects payments from the population for housing and communal services (HCS), places an order for the supply of resources, determines the quantity and quality of the supply of resources, and pays for the consumed resources, taking into account the volume and quality of supply. The resource supplying enterprise releases resources in accordance with the requirements of the contract, the administration of the municipality provides a direct transfer of targeted budget funds to the resource supplying enterprise, controlling the quality and quantity of the supplied resources.

At the same time, tariffs and norms for resource consumption are approved by local governments, most often in the form of interdepartmental commissions. This leads to the fact that individual control actions (in the form of a tariff structure and (or) a tariff scheme, consumption standards and transferred volumes of target funds) carried out at lower levels, for example, at the level of local government, have a direct impact on the financial condition of resource suppliers. enterprises of a higher level of subordination and should be taken into account in mathematical models as an internal or external impact (depending on the level of the model) through the level of prices for the resources received.

The fourth feature of the housing and communal services system is that the decision maker (DM), at all levels of management, is a set of authorities and regulatory entities involved in decision-making, as well as influencing decision-making, that is, it is of a collective nature and, ultimately, it is a group of persons who have the right to make agreed decisions on the choice of one of several options for control actions. In particular, when revising tariffs, the decision maker is a regulatory body in the form of an interdepartmental commission or a regional energy commission (REC), the main purpose of which is to optimize the interests of all parties.

This fact leads to the need for strict regulation of the tariff revision procedure, since it requires the regulatory body to carry out a large amount of work in coordinating numerous expert opinions. When choosing alternatives, decision makers have to take into account a large number of conflicting requirements and, therefore, evaluate solutions according to many criteria. Contradictory requirements and ambiguous assessments in the choice of priorities greatly complicate decision making.

Synthesis of a generalized decision-making algorithm in the housing and communal services management system

In this dissertation study, the proposed solution algorithm is demonstrated for a particular case of the RRP: from a variety of payment schemes for housing and communal services (multi-rate tariffs), based on a variety of criteria for evaluating outcomes and a variety of preferences of HUS market participants, it is required to choose one compromise scheme based on the available fuzzy information about the current economic and financial state this sector of the economy and the solvency of consumers of housing and communal services.

In this decision problem: 1. strategic goal search for a management decision T is to stabilize the economic condition of the sector of the economy and improve financial condition enterprises of housing and communal services, which is reduced to a hierarchy of private goals. 2. The set of alternatives A = (Ak), k= 1,...,12 is a set of 12 proposed payment schemes for housing and communal services. 3. Under the environment of the RFP E, the features of the RFP and the conditions for the implementation of the PR procedure are understood to be characteristic of the housing and communal services. 4. The set of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of HC K = (K,), i=l,...,9 consists of 9 parameters showing the level of socio-economic well-being of housing and communal services. 5. The set of preferences of the actors of the system P = (Pj), j=l,...,16 is a set of goals and interests of the actors that must be taken into account when choosing a management decision. 6. The set of measurement scales according to the H criteria is a set of different scales used in the process of choosing a solution. 2.3.1. Study of a set of informative features of the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system

In order to build a decision-making system in the most efficient (or optimal) way, it is necessary and sufficient that individual subsets of the M-dimensional set of informative features in the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services system, which is the set (4), be distinguishable as elements of perception (or recognition images). On the basis of the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, from a limited set, which is the set of informative features of the information infrastructure of the housing and utilities management system, it is possible to single out a particular set converging to the final limit e\ki] = (,), and thereby show that it is possible to determine the set of informative features information structure SU housing and communal services and the definition of their separability. To assert this position, in turn, it is necessary to define a number of set-theoretic positions.

It is necessary to prove that the set of informative features is countable and everywhere dense. But before proceeding to the proof of the proposed assumption, it is necessary to define the following lemmas.

Lemma 1. Any point of the metric space of informative features of the HCS information infrastructure ye[Y] can be defined as y = lim yn, where yneY. The interpretation of the put forward lemma for the majority of informative features of the decision-making and decision-making system in the housing and communal services system has the following meaning: each element of subsets and sets of informative features is formed as a result of identifying the most significant factors. Let us define this set of informative features as a set of points in a metric space, each point of which, in the passage to the limit, can be represented as the limit of generators of basic sets or as a limitingly possible derived element of the family of conditional dependency of informative features, which belongs to Y. Based on this definition, we present the proof of the lemma. Consider two cases:

1. If any element of the set of informative features of the HPU information infrastructure belongs to y eY, then we can put yn = y for all n, that is, any element of the metric space is determined.

2. If any element of the metric space of sets of informative features does not belong to Y, but belongs to its closure ye[Y], then in accordance with the fact that the operation of closing an arbitrary set consists in attaching conditional equivalence groups of the metric space of information infrastructure Y of limits to the set of informative features all converging subsets of its individual elements. A set of such limits is a closure of a set of informative signs - [Y] a single information field for decision-making in the HCS. Consequently, the inclusion ye[Y] implies y=lim yn, where yn eY, which was to be proved.

According to Lemma 1 and 2, [Y]=M means that each element of the set of information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system uєM can be represented as y=lim y. In this case, yneY or for each element of the set of information signs yєM for any E 0, you can find yneY such that p(y,yn) є. Thus, it has been proven that the set of information features of the information infrastructure of the HCS CS is separable.

This proof was considered for a finite set of information features, which is directly used in the construction of the decision-making information space in the information infrastructure of the housing and communal services management system. .

In the general case, the set of information features for the system under consideration is not limited, that is, new information features may appear as socio-economic relationships develop in the housing and communal services management system. However, such a set will also be countable and everywhere dense. Consequently, the space of information signs of a single space M in the information infrastructure of decision-making will also be separable.

Solving the CPR using the Hierarchy Analysis Method

According to the MAI, at the first and second stages, in accordance with the hierarchy structure shown in Figure 25 of Chapter 2, the objects of the third level of the hierarchy were ordered in accordance with the weight coefficients of the objects of the second level, namely: the ordering of the components of the vector criterion for the effectiveness of a management decision and the set of preferences of the system actors in accordance with the weights of private decision-making goals.

At the first stage, in accordance with the methodology of the Moscow Aviation Institute, the components of the vector criterion of the effectiveness of the management decision (kj), і=1...9 were ranked. To do this, each expert filled in three tables of paired comparisons of the components of the vector criterion, corresponding to three particular goals of making a managerial decision (in the figures, the goals are designated CI, C2, C3). Judgment tables were filled in according to the AHP scale given in Table 16 of Chapter 2.

Next, the obtained tables were normalized by rows and the priority vector of the criteria components was calculated according to the AHP scale. The priority vector calculated in this way shows the degree of significance of each component of the vector criterion for achieving a particular goal.

For each table of expert assessments, the indicators of consistency of judgments were calculated: the consistency index of IS and the ratio of OS consistency were calculated according to the methodology described in Section 2.8 of Chapter 2. As a result, if the consistency indicators of all 4 experts met the established requirements (OS value 1), then the results of expert evaluations were averaged by the number of experts. Otherwise, the data was returned to the expert for clarification.

Tables 20, 23,26 show the results of expert surveys in the form of averaged matrices of pairwise comparisons of the components of the vector criterion in terms of each particular goal СІ, С2, СЗ (respectively - “Achieving a stable financial condition of housing and communal services enterprises”, “Reducing the degree of subsidized enterprises of the economic sector Housing and communal services”, “Compliance of established tariffs with the level of solvency of consumers of housing and communal services”), Tables 21, 24, 27 show normalized matrices with the calculated vector of priorities according to the MAI scale. Tables 22, 25, 28 show estimates of the main value averaged over the number of experts of the normalized matrices of pairwise comparisons of the components of the vector criterion.

The obtained satisfactory consistency indicators indicate that the priority vector of the set of criteria for the effectiveness of managerial decisions can be used in subsequent calculations of the generalized weights of alternatives.

At the second stage, in accordance with the AHP, an additional (actually safety) ranking of the aggregated set of preferences of system actors (Pj), j=l ...6, obtained earlier by the CBM method, was carried out. Similarly to the first stage, the experts filled in three matrices of pairwise comparisons of preferences in accordance with three particular goals of making a managerial decision. The elements of the matrix reflect the degree to which individual preferences correspond to each particular goal.

Next, the obtained matrices were normalized by rows and the vector of priorities of the preferences of the actors of the system was calculated according to the AHP scale. Then, the main value was calculated for each received matrix of judgments and the indicators of consistency of judgments were calculated.

Tables 31, 34,37 show the averaged matrices of paired comparisons of actors' preferences for particular goals СІ, С2, СЗ. Tables 32, 35, 38 show normalized matrices with calculated priority vectors on the AHP scale. Tables 33, 36, 39 show the average indicators of the consistency of judgments on the goals of СІ, С2, СЗ.

At the third stage, the ranking of the set of alternative options for payment schemes for housing and communal services (Aj), і =1... 12 was carried out. The experts consistently made a pairwise comparison of alternatives from the standpoint of each efficiency criterion and each preference of the system actors. The elements of the matrices reflect the degree of superiority of one alternative over another in terms of a possible improvement in the values ​​of the considered components of the vector criterion or the possibility of realizing the considered preferences of the actors.

Next, the resulting matrices were normalized by rows and the priority vector of alternatives was calculated according to the AHP scale. Then, for each obtained matrix of judgments, its main value was calculated and the indicators of consistency of judgments were calculated. Note that in all matrices of expert assessments, the OS belongs to the acceptable range (20%), which made it possible to take into consideration the results obtained and average them over the number of experts.

Federal Agency for Education

State educational institution of higher professional education

VOLGA-VYATKA ACADEMY OF PUBLIC SERVICE

Faculty of Accelerated Education and Master's Training

Department of Regional Economics and Management

GRADUATION PROJECT

Improving the management of housing and communal services in

municipality

Speciality: State and

municipal government

Completed: student gr.6GsP1

Borisova Maria Mikhailovna

Scientific adviser: docent

Vasiliev Alexey Alekseevich

Nizhny Novgorod

Introduction …………………………………………………………………… 3
Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations of housing and communal services………………………………………5
1.1 Basic concepts of housing and communal services……………… 5
1.2 The system of housing and communal services…………………………9
1.3 Regulatory framework for housing and communal services…… 14
Chapter 2…… 22
2.1 a brief description of enterprises "MUP Bytservis" ……………22
2.2 Analysis of the management system "MUP Bytservis" ……………………38

2.3 Reforming the system of utility bills…………………41
2.4 Establishment of a single settlement center…………………………………………………46
2.5 Business case for the proposed project

reforming…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….57
Chapter 3………………………………………………. ……………61
3.1. Development Program……………………………………………………61
3.2. Economic efficiency of the program implementation………….72
Conclusion……………………………………………………………… 77
References…………………………………………………………80

Applications………………………………………………………………82

INTRODUCTION

Taken in the early 90s. the course towards the development of market relations in the country's economy, of course, did not ignore such an industry as housing and communal services (HCS). The sector of housing and communal services in the pre-reform period was, according to experts, a third of the country's fixed assets. Covering a single economic and geographical space, the industry functioned under strict state regulation of all housing and communal relations with the dominant state form of ownership of all fixed housing and communal services.

The course taken to transform the industry required an immediate solution to specific problems that had a negative impact on the state of real estate in the housing and communal sector. First of all, they were:

· residual funding principle;

· lack of a clear delineation of authority and responsibility various levels management for its safety;

· scanty participation of the population in paying for housing and utilities;

· lack of a housing market and housing and communal services;

· multifunctionality, and hence the multi-level departmental subordination of enterprises, etc.;

The main issues were the ownership of fixed assets related to the housing and communal services sector, responsibility for the safety of this property, its intended use and development, as well as the peculiarities of the financial analysis of housing and communal services enterprises.

Ensuring the effective functioning of housing and communal services enterprises requires economically competent management of their activities, which is largely determined by the ability to analyze it. With the help of analysis, development trends are studied, plans and management decisions are deeply and systematically studied, their implementation is monitored, reserves for improving efficiency are identified, the performance of the housing and communal services enterprise is evaluated, and an economic strategy for its development is developed.

The purpose of this work is to study the management system in the activities of MUP "Bytservis" Sosnovsky district.

The goal is achieved by solving the following tasks:

1. consider the theoretical foundations of housing and communal services. Consider the basic concepts of housing and communal services, explore the housing system, study the legal framework.

2. consider the practical aspects of the management system of MUP "Bytservis" Sosnovsky district.

The object of study in this work is the municipal unitary enterprise "Bytservis" of the Sosnovsky district.

CONCLUSION

At present, the entire system of housing and communal services of the Sosnovsky district is represented in the form of MUP "Bytservis", which is a legal entity acting on the right of economic management. The founder of MUP "Bytservis" is the administration of the Sosnovsky district.

MUP "Bytservis" acts on the basis of economic accounting and subsidies from the budget, is responsible for the results of its production and economic activities and the fulfillment of obligations, is guided in its activities by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the law on municipal unitary enterprises, the Charter and other current legislation of the Russian Federation.

The subject of activity of MUP "Bytservis" is the provision of services and the performance of work aimed at meeting the needs of the population, enterprises, organizations, factories, etc., regardless of the form of ownership they need for normal life, as well as the performance of other works and services that do not prohibited by the current legislation, but necessary by MUP "Bytservis" for its normal functioning.

The governing body of MUP "Bytservis" is the head appointed by the founder. He is personally responsible for the performance of the functions assigned to him.

At present, the idea of ​​creating a single settlement center is no longer know-how. Over the past 5 years, many large cities have switched to similar systems for collecting utility bills. And the costs paid off. Money transfers have become much faster and without errors, the accrual of subsidies and benefits is carried out strictly in accordance with the law and without delay, since the SRC employees constantly monitor all changes in the legislation and quickly respond to them. Housing and communal services departments were able to quickly receive all necessary information from a single source rather than sending requests to multiple businesses. Service to the population has accelerated due to the rapid processing of debt information and the absence of the need for the population to fill out multiple passbooks with 14-digit account numbers. Consumers of communal services were also satisfied with the innovations, since they can pay for services at any point of the SRC in the amount that they currently wish to pay and without carrying paybooks with them. They can also promptly receive information about their debts at any payment acceptance point.

However, in areas like Sosnovsky, the situation is much worse. The introduction of information technology is very slow, mainly due to lack of funds and lack of qualified personnel to organize and maintain these systems.

Based on the above, the following conclusions can be drawn:

· unified settlement centers are the first and main step towards reforming the housing and communal services and informatization of this industry;

· the implementation of the SRC accelerates and simplifies the work of the management of MUP "Bytservis

· the procedure for paying utility bills for the population is simplified to a minimum;

· The SRC can serve as a starting point for creating a city-wide information system, a database of enterprises and the population of the city;

Thus, we can summarize the work: the introduction of information technologies for the management of housing and communal services in the Sosnovsky district should be the first step in reforming this industry, and all funds invested in this process will not be in vain, but will pay off by increasing the efficiency and speed of completing any task. tasks.

An analysis of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise revealed negative aspects:

· fixed assets of the enterprise have a high degree of depreciation.

· production equipment is practically not updated.

In order to reduce the impact of the above negative aspects, the enterprise needs to take the following measures:

1. Intensively acquire new fixed assets, including production equipment.

2. Upgrade existing equipment

Bibliography

1. Housing Code of the Russian Federation

2. Civil Code of the Russian Federation

3. Law of the Russian Federation of December 24, 1992 No. No. 4218-1 "On the Fundamentals of the Federal Housing Policy".

4. Federal Law No. 15.06.1996 No. 72-FZ "On associations of homeowners".

5. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. No. 528 "On additional measures to reform the housing and communal services of the Russian Federation."

6. BakumenkoO.S. Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation on housing and utilities. Lawyer comments. M., 2007

7. Belov A.S., Buev V.V., Demin A.V., Smirnov N.V., Litvak A.G., Litvak E.G. Participation of small business in the reform of housing and communal services. M., 2006.

8. BushchenkoN.N. Creating an HOA: How to properly dispose of the common property of the house. M., 2007.

9. Golovanov V. I. Management and self-management in a large city: theory, experience, organization. – M.: Nauka, 1998.

10. JordanI.A. Own housing - a burden or freedom? M., 2007

11. Kameneva E.A. Reform of housing and communal services, or Now we will live in a new way. Moscow: Phoenix, 2006

12. PeshinN.L. State power and local self-government in Russia: problems of development of the constitutional-legal model. M.: Statute, 2007

13. SimionovYu.f. Tkacheva N.A., Yasko V.L. Housing and communal services. Handbook for employees of municipalities. - M .: ICC "Mart". – 2007

14. ,Akhmeduev A. Management mechanism of state and municipal enterprises// The Economist. - 2004. - No. 12. - From 1

15. The concept of the reform of housing and communal services in the Russian Federation // Stroitelnaya gazeta. - 2004. - No. 22. - p.10-12.

16. Kruglikov A.A. State policy in the sphere of housing and communal services // Journal of the head and chief accountant of housing and communal services. - 2004. - No. 7. - P. 94-100.

17. Maksimova N.S. The reform of the housing and communal sector is an important reserve for strengthening the finances of Russia // Journal of the head and chief accountant of housing and communal services. 2003. - No. 5. - P.56-63.

18. Ivanov V.V., Korobova A.N. "Municipal Management". Reference manual M .: Infra-M, 2002

Discipline: Economy
The type of work: coursework
Topic: Improving the management of housing and communal services

Improving the management of housing and communal services
Content:

Introduction

Chapter 1. The state of housing and communal services in Russia

1.1. Demonopolization of housing and communal services

1.2. The crisis state of the housing and communal sector

Chapter 2. Prospects for reforms in the field of housing and communal services

2.1. Formation of a strategy for the development of housing and communal services of the municipality

2.2. Reform of financing of housing and communal services

Chapter 3

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The housing and communal sphere affects the vital interests of each of us: material, social, physical, consumer, information, environmental. But during the implementation of the housing and communal reform, civil society again remained on the sidelines.

The course taken to transform the industry required an immediate solution to specific problems that had a negative impact on the state of real estate in the housing and communal sector. First of all, they should include:

residual funding principle;
the lack of a clear delineation of powers and responsibilities of different levels of government for its safety;
scanty participation of the population in paying for housing and utilities;
lack of a housing market and housing and communal services;
multifunctionality, and hence the multi-level departmental subordination of enterprises, etc.;

The main issues were ownership of fixed assets related to the housing and communal services sector, responsibility for the safety of this property, its intended use and development.

As a result of the transformations of 1999-2004. the existing system of management and financing of housing and communal services has undergone cardinal changes. The forms of ownership of all objects of the housing and communal sector of the Russian Federation have changed significantly.

This course work is devoted to these and other transformations in the housing and communal sector.

The housing and communal reform has a multifaceted impact on various aspects of the life of our country, therefore, the government, federal ministries and departments, as well as authorities are monitoring its progress and actively participating in its implementation. state power subjects of the Russian Federation, cities and municipalities.

The housing and communal services of Russia are in decline... How to update everything in it, what to change in legislation, in management, how to make the producers of housing and communal services learn how to rationally manage their production, and consumers get the freedom to choose services in terms of quantity, quality, set and prices? These are the issues that the housing and communal services reform should solve.

This term paper is to study the improvement of the housing and communal services system.

In connection with this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

Consider the state of housing and communal services in Russia.
To study the prospects for reforms in the field of housing and communal services.
Analyze the reform of the financing of housing and communal services.

The source for writing the work was the regulatory and legislative acts of the Russian Federation governing the reform of the housing and communal sector in Russia, numerous publications from Russian economic periodicals devoted to the reform of housing and communal services, as well as statistical reporting.

Chapter 1. The state of housing and communal services in Russia1.1. Demonopolization of housing and communal services

As part of the implementation of the concept of housing and communal services reform, the Program for Demenopolization and the Development of Competition in Housing and Communal Services was developed, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 12/20/97. No. 1613.

The program included:

creation of a competitive environment in the provision of housing services as a result of the division of functions between the owners of the housing stock (or organizations authorized to act on behalf of the owner), management companies and contractor housing organizations;
antimonopoly regulation of the activities of natural local monopolies and the creation of a competitive environment in the field of heat, electricity, water supply and sanitation;
demonopolization and creation of a competitive environment in sub-sectors (beautification of settlements and ritual services);
demonopolization of bath-laundry and hotel facilities;
creation of a competitive environment and demonopolization of housing and communal services in small municipalities, rural areas and closed administrative-territorial formations.

Summing up the results of the first years of the implementation of the program, for which it was designed, it should be noted that the main goals have been achieved. In many regions, they understood the importance of housing and communal services as a socially forming branch of the urban economy, requiring close attention of the authorities, including in terms of changing the management system and financing of functioning business entities. Over the past two years, the structure of organizations operating in the manufacturing market and the system for providing housing and communal services have changed (see figure).

Rice. 11 Dynamics of growth in the number of enterprises
by form of ownership in the housing sector

The prevailing number of economic entities belongs to the sphere of small business. Finally, in 1999, they produced works (services) worth more than 20 billion rubles, or about 6% of the volume of services in housing and communal services. The largest number of such enterprises operate in the field of capital and current repairs of the housing stock (about 80%).

An important element in the implementation of the demonooolization program was the further corporatization of organizations in the resource-supplying sectors of the urban economy, in the field of road management and improvement, and public services. Thus, the share of joint-stock companies in 2004 (%) was:

Table 1

plumbing and sewerage

thermal power engineering

road maintenance and improvement

ritual service

housing

As experience shows, a change in the form of ownership has positive results only if the corporatization of enterprises is carried out on the basis of a deep financial and economic analysis of their activities, the financial interest of each employee and the purposeful work of the team and its leaders to develop their enterprise.

The practice of functioning of joint-stock companies in Anzhero-Sudzhensk Kemerovo region, Troitsk and Mytishchi of the Moscow region, Ufa, Pskov, Omsk, Samara, Veliky Novgorod, Novocherkassk and Azov of the Rostov region and other cities proves the promise of this work. Here, not only independently (mainly at the expense of extrabudgetary sources) the technical re-equipment of enterprises is being carried out without any special calculation for city \"capital investments\", but also legal and economic problems are successfully solved in order to prevent bankruptcy, etc.

Such enterprises survive in this complex legal, political and economic situation, as a rule, thanks to the efforts of active,\"advanced \" business executives who shouldered the burden of\"pioneers \" private business in the housing and communal sector. And you don't envy them. After all, the issues of demonopolization and corporatization of housing and communal services do not find wide support in most regions and municipalities of Russia.

The demonopolization program has not yet become a guide to action in most municipalities and regions of Russia. The success of its implementation on the ground is entirely the merit of the public utilities themselves, who, at their own peril and risk, seek corporatization of their enterprises with all the ensuing consequences: corporatized - do not count on subsidies from the budget, on the development of urban engineering infrastructure, which was and remains municipal property, do not apply and generally forget the way to the administration.

Most regions have not yet formed a positive attitude towards the reform of housing and communal services. On the ground, there is a sluggish current process of reforming legal relations in this sector of the economy, the initiator of which (or not) is the industry workers.

Understanding the depth of technical, financial and economic transformations and taking into account the socio-political significance of the housing and communal services sector and the significant time required for such transformations, many leaders do not dare to undertake their implementation.

Almost everyone (both executive authorities, and the population, and industrial and budget consumers) is already clear that in this form the content of the industry is ruinous for a person, city, region and state, but to change anything (to carry out the transformations formulated in the Concept of the housing and communal services reform ) nobody wants. And if such initiatives are implemented by local administrations, then, as a rule, they are far from the reform scenario defined by legislative and government documents. As an example, we can cite attempts to combine the services of the customer and the enterprises of thermal networks; enterprises of heat and power networks; enterprises of heating networks and water supply and sewerage facilities; housing and communal enterprises of the city - in one and other options for merging enterprises that do not have any economic justification.

A similar situation develops in the restructuring of housing and communal enterprises. As a rule, this is connected with the solution of personnel issues and has nothing to do with the reform of legal relations in the housing and communal sector.

In practice, the broad powers of the heads of unitary enterprises in the absence of effective tools and procedures for managing, controlling and motivating managers cause:

the transfer of part of the financial flows of unitary enterprises to satellite firms created with the aim of changing the direction of financial flows. As a result, all the profit that unitary enterprises could receive ends up in these firms;
the conclusion of transactions in which the management of a unitary enterprise is interested, which leads to an artificial overestimation of the cost of production, and in some cases to the theft of municipal property;
lack of objective information from municipal authorities on the state of affairs in unitary enterprises;
impossibility to prevent Negative consequences unskilled or illegal activities of managers.

The number of unprofitable unitary enterprises is growing, which is largely provoked by the lack of proper management and lack of control on the part of the municipal authorities. The owner does not receive part of the profit of the unitary enterprise.

Considering the above, the following conclusions can be drawn:

existing system management of unitary enterprises requires a radical reform;
the activities of unitary enterprises are, as a rule, inefficient;
in many regions, the number of unitary enterprises does not match the ability of municipalities to manage and control their activities;
there are no clear criteria for the creation of unitary enterprises and their functioning in the housing and communal services;
the low efficiency of the activity of unitary enterprises in the housing and communal services requires significant allocations from municipal budgets, and in their absence leads to unsatisfactory customer service.

These conclusions indicate the need to create enterprises in the form of economic companies that have a number of advantages over unitary enterprises, including those associated with greater manageability, accountability, and limitation of liability for debts.

The creation of such business entities will bring closer the solution of another very important problem related to the reform of the housing sector - the emergence of homeowners, management companies (homeowners) in municipal housing. This, in essence, is the sphere of the urban economy where unitary enterprises cause the greatest damage to municipal property (housing stock), the image of municipal authorities and form a negative attitude of the population towards the housing and communal services reform. To solve this problem at the federal level, it is necessary:2

amend the civil legislation (Articles 66 and 124 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) in terms of the right of municipalities to create business companies and participate in such companies, with a view to securing this right for municipalities;
supplement Art. 295 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, part 3 of the following content: \"The owner of property secured on the right of economic management has the right to seize excess, unused or misused property and dispose of it at its discretion\";
amend Art. 113 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, providing for the creation in a unitary enterprise, along with the head (director), of a collegial management body, whose powers are similar to those of the supervisory board (board of directors) joint-stock company taking into account the specifics of a unitary enterprise;
supplement paragraph 1 of Art. 31 of the Law of the Russian Federation of August 28, 1995 No. 154-FZ "On general principles organizations of local self-government in the Russian Federation\" in the words: \" exercise control over the activities of such enterprises, institutions and organizations in the manner determined by federal law and regulations of local self-government that do not contradict federal law, as well as in cases and in the manner prescribed by federal law , participate in the management of such enterprises, institutions and organizations \";
to accept new edition Housing Code;
add to project federal law\"On unitary enterprises \" norm providing for the creation of a control body in unitary enterprises, including, along with representatives of the owner, also representatives of the labor collective, independent (third-party) specialists, and members of the public;
conduct a mandatory annual audit of the financial and economic activities of unitary enterprises by independent auditors, as well as, in cases established by the charter of the enterprise, a technical (technological) audit.

To optimize the number of unitary enterprises in the field, it is necessary that such organizations, including state-owned ones, be created only in cases where the goals and tasks set for them cannot be implemented by business entities of a different information-legal form.

It is necessary to assess the activities of all unitary enterprises. In the event that decisions are made on the inconsistency of the activities of such an enterprise with the statutory tasks, the founder must:

reorganize it (taking into account the activity of sources of financing carried out by it in accordance with the special legal capacity, the state of the market for the relevant goods, works, services) in economical society(including in Draktionernoye in accordance with the norms of the Law of the Russian Federation of 21.07.97 123-FZ \"On the privatization of state property and on the privatization of municipal property in the Russian Federation\") or in municipal institution;
privatize municipal unitary enterprise, if the types of activities performed by him that are not related to ensuring the livelihoods of the population of the municipality are carried out - or objectively - can be carried out by a private enterprise (repair and maintenance, service and other activities in the housing and communal services sector).
1.2. The crisis state of the housing and communal sector

As you know, before the reform, approximately 98% of the costs of maintaining and developing the housing and communal sector of the industry fell on the budget of ministries, departments, enterprises or organizations in charge of housing and communal services. The almost complete financial dependence of the housing and communal sector on the budget, as well as on the relevant departments and enterprises, had an extremely negative impact on its work both because of the residual allocation of funds, and no less because of the lack of interest in their rational use.

There were no opportunities for coordinating work and maneuvering resources as a result of the widespread departmental disunity of housing and the utility network. Huge losses of housing and communal services were commonplace. The budgets of territories and departments experienced considerable financial difficulties. Expenses for housing and communal services amounted to 30 to 70%3 of the budgets of many territories, cities and municipalities, which made it difficult to meet the social needs of the population, as well as to develop the economy. industrial enterprises, Agriculture, construction and other sectors of the economy, on the balance sheet of which was housing and communal services, were forced to engage in functions unusual for them. Labor, material and financial resources were expended, which could be used with greater return to develop the improvement of production and increase its efficiency.

Therefore, the industry itself, as well as other sectors and sectors of the economy, government bodies and budgets of all levels, were primarily interested in eliminating all these negative phenomena.

Currently, more than 90% of departmental housing and utilities have been transferred to municipal ownership. The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, taking this into account, has carried out work to change interbudgetary relations. Most of the additional expenses of the budgets of local authorities for the maintenance of housing and communal facilities accepted into municipal ownership are compensated by the federal budget. At the same time, almost all funds for the maintenance of housing and communal services, including objects, accepted before July 1, 1999, were taken into account in the calculations of the federal budget for 2000. when determining the index of budget expenditures.

Thus, the majority of enterprises that transferred housing and communal services to local authorities have already freed themselves from non-production functions unusual for them, focusing on production efficiency. According to statistical reporting, the volume industrial production in 2004 it increased by 8.1% in the whole country.

This was also facilitated by measures to eliminate cross-funding in the conditions of...

Pick up file

Chapter 1. PROBLEMS OF HOUSING MANAGEMENT

PUBLIC SERVICES IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD.

1.1. Housing and communal services as a socio-economic system.

1.2. Problems of housing and communal services management in the Russian Federation and the cyclical nature of its development.

1.3. Analysis of foreign experience in housing and communal services management.

1.4. Models of housing and communal services reform.

Chapter 2. HOUSING AND UTILITY COMPLEX OF ALTAI TERRITORY AS AN OBJECT OF MARKET TRANSFORMATION.

2.1. Analysis of the solvency of the population Altai Territory and tax revenues to the budgets of different levels.

2.2. Analysis of the housing and communal complex and its investment attractiveness.

2.3. Methodical bases of market transformation of the management structure of housing and communal services of the municipality.

Chapter 3

3.1. Features of closed administrative-territorial formations.

3.2. Institutional transformations in the management of housing and communal services of closed administrative-territorial entities.

3.3. Development of the structure of the management system

Housing and communal services ZATO Siberian Altai Territory.

Recommended list of dissertations

• The specifics of the development of the communal sphere of a closed administrative-territorial entity 2007, Candidate of Economic Sciences Pronina, Olga Viktorovna

• Market transformation of the system of housing and communal services in Russia: socio-economic aspect 2009, Candidate of Economic Sciences Poderyakin, Dmitry Igorevich

• Anti-crisis management of housing and communal services of municipalities 2002, Doctor of Economic Sciences Ryakhovskaya, Antonina Nikolaevna

• The management system of housing and communal services of the municipality: on the example of the municipality "the city of Biysk, Altai Territory" 2008, candidate of economic sciences Vyatkina, Elena Alekseevna

• Management of the housing and communal complex of the city: territorial and sectoral aspect 2010, Doctor of Economic Sciences Minaev, Nikolai Nikolaevich

Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "Improving the management system of housing and communal services of the municipality in the process of its reform: On the example of the closed administrative-territorial formation of the Siberian Altai Territory"

Relevance of the research topic. One of the socially significant sectors of the regional economy is housing and communal services (HCS). In recent years, the problems associated with the functioning of housing and communal services have become the object of comprehensive attention, however, there have been no serious positive changes in this area to date. Moreover, there is a deterioration in both the technical and financial situation of this diversified complex. Housing and communal services are still characterized by the lack of effective economic relations and the low quality of services provided. A high degree of depreciation of fixed assets, a difficult financial situation at housing and communal services enterprises, and not completely transparent business rules make the industry unattractive for investors.

Obviously, the systemic nature of the problems in housing and communal services requires serious political and economic decisions at the state level. One of the most important tasks in the transformation of the housing and communal services in Russia is the gradual reduction of budget spending on subsidies by gradually transferring the full cost of providing housing and communal services to consumers while ensuring a targeted system of social protection for low-income families. However, even in conditions of full payment by consumers for all services, the issue related to effective management in the housing and communal services sector will be relevant. The identified problems of housing and communal services are typical for most municipalities, including closed administrative-territorial entities (ZATOs).

The intensification of crisis manifestations in the housing and communal services places this sector in front of a fundamental choice of the mechanism of functioning, development and options for its reform.

The first option is the tightening of administrative methods for regulating the housing and communal services, strengthening the managerial vertical, the growth of budget investments directed to this sector as the main way to compensate for the inefficiency of the institutional mechanisms existing in it. This approach actually consolidates for a long time the non-market mechanisms of regulation of the housing and communal sector, the destructive legacy of which has been quite clearly manifested over the past decade.

The second option is a transition to the earliest possible formation of the prerequisites for a real (rather than simulated, as has happened until recently) market transformation. The main way to solve the problems of the reform should be a departure from the administrative economy, associated with a radical change in the functions of government bodies. viable alternative to modern conditions there is a real transition of this sector to market mechanisms of functioning and development. This determines the relevance of the topic of the dissertation research.

The degree of knowledge of the problem. Over the past ten years, a significant number of works have been devoted to the problems of local self-government, both in domestic and foreign literature, but issues related to local self-government remain relevant at the present time. Since the transition from an administrative-command economy to a market economy, such scientists and economists of Russia as R. Babun, A. Balabanov, A. Borisov, M. Vasiliev, E. Gaidar, D. Kozak, N. Kosareva have been dealing with the problems of functioning of local governments , V. Mishchenko, P. Orekhovsky, V. Psarev, A. Trotskovsky, A. Shirokov and many others. In the works of Russian authors of recent years, more and more attention is paid to the financing of local self-government, in this regard, the studies of A. Igudin, K. Laikam, V. Panskov should be mentioned.

The foundations of the municipal economy were dealt with by such domestic and foreign authors as JI. Velikhov, I. Masurashvili, A. O "Sullivan. The works of these authors contain detailed description features of the urban economy in Russia and other countries. Housing and communal services are considered as one of the main components of the municipal economy by such authors as A. Dronov, T. Dodatko, E. Egorov, D. Zhukov, V. Zotov, N. Koshman, S. Sivaev, L. Chernyshov, A. Shamuzafarov and many others.

In general, the problems of housing and communal services management are considered in the works of both domestic and foreign experts, but in most cases they do not address the issues of market transformation of the management structure. The systematic approach to the problems of the functioning of housing and communal services and their solutions is slightly reflected in the literature.

It should be noted that some authors describe the options for reforming the housing and communal services proposed by the Gosstroy of Russia or tested abroad. However, the adaptation of options in the institutional transformations of the Russian housing and communal services and their modification require further scientific research.

The purpose of the dissertation work is to develop a methodology for market transformation of the structure of management of housing and communal services of the municipality with its adaptation to dynamism external environment. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks in the work:

1. Consider the problems of local self-government (LSG) in terms of financing the powers delegated to LSG bodies. As part of functional duties local self-government bodies to carry out a study of housing and communal services from the point of view of system analysis, to identify the features of managing this complex and to establish patterns in its development.

2. Conduct a comparative analysis of existing management models in Russia and abroad, identify the possibility of their modification in modern Russian conditions.

3. Conduct an analysis of the state of housing and communal services in the Altai Territory, the solvency of the population of this subject and the impact of this indicator on the own revenues of the regional budget.

4. To develop methodological foundations for the market transformation of the structure of management of the housing and communal services of the municipality.

5. Consider ZATO as a kind of municipal formation. To reveal the features of ZATO and the differences between its housing and communal complex from the housing and communal services of other municipalities.

6. Carry out a market transformation of the management structure of the ZATO Sibirsky Altai Territory.

The scientific hypothesis of the dissertation research is that traditional housing and communal services management schemes cannot fully achieve the goal of reforms and deep structural and institutional changes are required. The object of the study is the housing and communal complex of the housing and communal services of the municipality. The study is conducted on the example of the closed administrative-territorial formation Siberian Altai Territory.

The subject of the study is managerial relations and ways to attract investment in the reform of the housing and communal sector.

Theoretical and methodological basis of the study. The dissertation research was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive, systematic and subjective-objective approach to solving the issues of forming the management structures of the housing and communal complex.

The study is based on the postulates economic theory, management theory, theory of regional economics, economic analysis, theory of urban economy. Theoretical basis studies are the works of domestic and foreign authors in the field of formation and improvement of management structures in the sectors of the urban economy. The work used a set of economic research methods: system analysis, deduction and induction, monographic, peer review and etc.

The scientific novelty of the study is to develop a methodology for the market transformation of the housing and communal services management structure for Russian closed administrative-territorial entities. The main scientific results obtained personally by the applicant are as follows:

1) regularities in the development of housing and communal services are established and it is shown that the most stable is the combined scheme of management of housing and communal services, including the mechanisms of local self-government and state regulation;

2) on the basis of theoretical analysis and practice of reforming, the existing models of reforming housing and communal services are systematized;

3) standard structures of the municipal housing and communal services management system have been developed;

4) the management system of the housing and communal services of ZATO Siberian Altai Territory has been improved, the parameters of functioning and the structure of the management system have been substantiated.

The theoretical value of the work lies in conducting systematic studies of the state of the housing and communal services of the Russian Federation and the Altai Territory and determining the direction of institutional transformations in the management of the housing and communal services of ZATO.

The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that based on the proposed models of ZATO housing and communal services management, each municipality of this type can use one or another model, depending on the criteria specified in them.

The conclusions and suggestions contained in the work can be used in the preparation of courses in the disciplines "Regional Economics", "System government controlled”and special courses “Economics of urban economy”, “Finance of regions and municipalities”.

The main provisions of the dissertation submitted for defense:

1. Justification of the management scheme that harmonizes the mechanisms of state regulation and local self-government, based on the established patterns of functioning and development of housing and communal services.

2. Results of the analysis of housing and communal services management models, tested in Russia and abroad.

3. Typical structures of the municipal housing and communal services management system.

4. Results of the market transformation of the management structure of housing and communal services in ZATO Altai Krai.

Approbation of work. The main theoretical provisions of the dissertation, obtained at different stages of work, as well as conclusions and recommendations, were reported by the author at the XXIX scientific conference of students, undergraduates and graduate students of AltSU (Barnaul, 2002), international conferences“Economics and Business: The Position of Young Scientists” (Barnaul, 2003, 2004); All-Russian Conference“Improving the reform of housing and communal services through reforming the industry and introducing new technologies” (Blagoveshchensk, 2004); scientific-practical conference "Housing and communal services reforms in the provinces" (Penza, 2003).

Publications. Based on the results of the dissertation research, the author published 5 scientific papers with a total volume of 2 pp. (personal contribution of the applicant -1.7 p.l.).

Work structure. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters containing 10 paragraphs, a conclusion and an appendix. The main content is presented on 150 pages, including 27 figures, 12 tables. The bibliographic list includes 161 sources.

Similar theses in the specialty “Economics and Management of the National Economy: Theory of Management of Economic Systems; macroeconomics; economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes; innovation management; regional economy; logistics; labor economics”, 08.00.05 code HAC

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Dissertation conclusion on the topic “Economics and management of the national economy: the theory of management of economic systems; macroeconomics; economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes; innovation management; regional economy; logistics; labor economics”, Khanzhina, Maria Alekseevna

Conclusions to chapter 3:

1. The features of closed administrative-territorial formations are determined.

2. Features of the management of the housing and communal services system in ZATOs are identified and considered possible options models for such municipalities.

3. Methodological bases for the market transformation of the ZATO housing and communal services management structure have been developed.

4. Improvement of the management system of housing and communal services of ZATO Sibirsky Altai Territory was proposed, a procedure for functional transformations and a procedure for conducting tenders were developed.

CONCLUSION

In the conditions of reforming the domestic economy, issues related to the reform of the management system are of particular importance. Our study shows that the issue of institutional reforms in the housing and communal sector is relevant. This paper proposes the methodological foundations for the market transformation of the housing and communal services management structure. As part of the study, the following results were obtained:

1. The possibility of considering institutional changes in the housing and communal complex by dividing into cyclical stages of the process of reforming and modernizing the housing and communal services has been identified. Current state Housing and communal services is natural and is at the stage of centralization. Using a systematic approach and taking into account the patterns in its development, it is shown that the most stable is the combined scheme of management of housing and communal services, including the mechanisms of local self-government and state regulation.

2. On the basis of theoretical analysis and practice of reforming, the existing models of reforming housing and communal services are systematized. An analysis of the world experience and Russian models of housing and communal services reform made it possible to single out the following aspects of the reform:

Utilities should be municipal enterprises in which the management structure is clearly defined, functions are distributed between each element of this structure;

When operating housing stock and engineering networks, it is necessary to develop competitive relations on the basis of tenders involving enterprises of all forms of ownership;

It is necessary to develop a system of contractual relations between owners and users of housing and communal services;

To exercise control by the authorities over compliance with the terms of contracts, the quality of services, the reasonableness of tariffs for services;

Provide social protection to the poor.

3. It has been proven that the transition to full payment for housing and communal services by consumers in the Altai Territory cannot be implemented. The paper indicates the following reasons for this situation: firstly, the improvement in the standard of living is still insignificant and not enough to increase the solvency of the population; secondly, the revenue part of the budget is formed at the expense of taxes of the population, therefore, the thesis about the financing of the housing and communal complex from the budget implies its financing from the funds of the population. thirdly, tax revenues to the budget of the region and the budget of the Russian Federation depend on the solvency of the population. The main share (48%) in the regional budget is the personal income tax.

4. Methodical bases of market transformation of the management structure of housing and communal services of the municipality have been developed and its various options have been proposed.

5. The features of closed administrative-territorial formations are determined. The features of management of the system of housing and communal services in ZATOs are revealed, options for managing the housing and communal services of ZATOs are developed.

6. The improvement of the management of the housing and communal services of ZATO Sibirsky Altai Territory is substantiated, the parameters of functioning and the structure of the management system are substantiated. For the successful implementation of the reform, the participation of the population in solving problems related to the housing and communal complex is important, and in this regard, a real competitive environment is needed in the field of housing management, that is, among management companies. Proposed development of competition in the village through tenders. A procedure for conducting tenders for ZATOs has been developed.

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Proposals for solving this problem include two main areas:

Regulation of activities of natural local monopolists;

Organization of resource saving.

Regulation of the activities of local natural monopolies for the supply of public services is aimed at:

Regulation of prices for the supply of services of natural monopolists;

Implementation of alternative technologies.

The practice of Russian regions shows that the prices for the supply of services of natural monopolists are artificially inflated by increasing the level of profitability, increasing the level of depreciation and deductions to the repair fund. For this reason, it is necessary to audits tariffs for the services of natural monopolists, as well as the inclusion of representatives of housing stock management companies in the regional energy commission.

Local authorities of the city of Chita play an important role in price regulation, which should, by their decisions, contribute to lower prices for services by setting a minimum level of profitability, by mandatory competitive distribution of contracts for the supply of raw materials, materials and repair work within their competence. It is possible to conclude a tripartite agreement between the monopolist, the management company and the local authority, which would reflect that the management company reimburses the costs of the monopolists' services at the level of the tariff for the population. The difference is covered by the budget, which will encourage the authorities to conduct more thorough control over the growth of tariffs and carry out energy saving measures.

The organization of resource saving in the housing stock can have the greatest effect of reducing prices for monopoly services. In addition, the introduction of energy saving will allow increasing the share of reimbursement by the population of the costs of maintaining and servicing housing without increasing the tariff.

In the organization of resource conservation, it is worth highlighting two points:

Organization of widespread metering of resource consumption by installing commercial metering units;

Implementation of the latest resource-saving technologies.

Improvement of the housing and communal services management system

Proposals for solving this problem include two main areas:

Formation of the diversity of owners of the housing sector;

Demonopolization of maintenance of the municipal housing stock and the formation of a market for services.

It is necessary to resolve the problems between the subject of housing property and its user. This issue was not resolved by the privatization of housing. The population of the city of Chita does not feel like an owner, realizing that only an apartment has been privatized, and everything else is jointly owned with other entities that own other elements of buildings. A huge role in improving the quality of housing and communal services is played by personal interest in the maintenance of the housing stock. The creation of homeowners associations (HOA) will increase the personal interest of the tenant in the quality maintenance of not only his apartment, but also places common use, equipment, etc. On the other hand, the demands on organizations providing housing and communal services will also increase, because the effectiveness and direction of investment will be determined by the owners themselves.

Thus, the municipal authorities of the city of Chita should in every possible way promote the creation of an HOA, while providing comprehensive legal and economic support.

Promoting the early establishment of HOAs should include:

Simplification of the registration procedure;

Obtaining HOA subsidies for Maintenance housing and communal services at the level of municipal housing stock;

Transfer of rights to non-residential premises or transfer of part of the rent of the HOA for non-residential premises in the house;

Transfer of rights to land plot under the house and adjacent territory.

Effective assistance in the spread of associations of owners can be provided by organizing them on the basis of newly built residential buildings, in which all apartments are distributed on a market basis. However, the fact of creating an HOA with the participation of municipal authorities through authorized bodies is not excluded.

One of the main goals of the reform is the demonopolization of housing and communal services and the formation of a service market. To achieve this goal it is necessary:

Separation of the functions of the customer and the contractor for the provision of housing and communal services;

Implementation of the competitive selection of contractors in all spheres of housing and communal services in the city of Chita.

The customer service of the city of Chita should gradually turn into a management company. The customer service should be a management structure both in the field of maintenance of housing and other facilities, and in the field of their heat and power supply.

The introduction of a contractual form of relationship between both the owner and municipal service of the customer, and between contractors, allows you to transfer the sphere of management of housing and communal services to a higher level. Material liability for violation of contractual obligations leads to a significant improvement in the quality of maintenance and service of the housing stock of our city.

The practice of the regions of Russia has shown that the creation of a competitive environment in the field of housing stock management between management companies of various forms of ownership also leads to an increase in the quality of housing and communal services and a reduction in the cost of maintaining the housing stock, however, today the system of budgetary financing of the customer service does not allow development market relations in housing management. This is primarily due to the fact that when financed from the budget, the customer service is created with a minimum number of staff, which in turn is associated with a reduction in budget expenditures.

The management company must be self-sustaining, and the number of personnel must be determined based on the actual tasks set. In the future, only the homeowner should choose who he entrusts with the management of his property and how much he will pay for it.

On the other hand, not only residential buildings and adjoining territories should fall within the scope of interests of a new type of management company, but also, quite logically, other infrastructure of microdistricts and districts of the city, namely: kindergartens, schools, hospitals, social and cultural facilities, thermal transmission networks, etc.

Improving the mechanism for financing housing and communal services

To achieve the goals of the housing and communal services reform in the field of financing, it is necessary to:

Annually, in the budget of the municipality of Chita, provide for a protected item for the provision of compensation and benefits for payment of housing and communal services.

Work out a system of bills of exchange in housing and communal services, which implies the issuance of a bill designed to reduce the crisis of non-payments in the housing and communal services system and avoid mutual offsets.

Introduce a housing voucher for payment of subsidies, which can then be used by a resident to pay for housing and communal services, and then be used for mutual settlements between housing and communal services enterprises and the budget. This will free up significant financial resources.

Work out a system of city loans secured by real estate.

Develop a program to attract extrabudgetary investments.

It is necessary to create and develop enterprises, joint ventures that would work for the housing and communal services system. Newly created or existing enterprises that invest in the development of housing and communal services, or when releasing new products for housing and communal services, are exempted from paying taxes for the time of return on investment.

To make fuller use of additional sources of financing through advertising revenue, the presence of someone else's property on municipal property, attracting tenants in terms of repairing facades, landscaping, etc.

Introduce a system for operational accounting of cash flows and a system for accounting for current receivables and payables.

Conduct selection and economic analysis investment projects aimed at developing the housing and communal services of the city of Chita.

Efficiently use temporarily free funds to obtain additional profit and, in particular, allow the use of temporarily free target budget funds during the year at the discretion of the single customer service with the provision of reports at the end of the year on their intended use.

To develop a regulation on differentiated payment for housing and communal services, providing for differentiation of payment depending on the number of storeys, the condition of the house, remoteness from the center, its location along the street or inside the block.

The tariff for thermal power should consist of two parts: the cost of energy itself and its transportation, and the cost of transportation is a constant value, and the cost of the energy itself is determined on a competitive basis.

To reduce costs, the customer service in Chita can buy energy directly from producers who must provide a calculation, a deciphered tariff indicating their real costs.