MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION
SEI VPO Ural State University of Economics
CENTER FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION
TEST
discipline: Innovation management on the topic:
"Innovation process and innovative activity"
Teacher Plakhin A.E.
Student Chemezova A.S.
Group MP-09R
Yekaterinburg
Content
Maintaining………………………………………………………………………… 3
The essence of innovation and its content…………………………….. 6
Functions of innovation…………………………………………………….. 9
Chapter 2. Innovation process…………………………………………….. 11
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………... 17
Bibliography…………………………………………. fifteen
Introduction
Innovation management- is one of the areas of strategic management carried out at the highest level of the company's management. The purpose of innovation management is to establish the main vectors of scientific, technical and production activities companies in the following areas of its activity:
development, improvement and introduction of new products (actually innovative activity);
further modernization and development of old cost-effective industries;
closure of old factories.
The term "innovation" refers to the process of turning potential scientific and technological progress into real, which is embodied in new products and technologies.
End of the 20th century led to a broad rethinking of the ways of social development. The concept of economic growth, which approaches the analysis of material production from a purely economic point of view, was applicable as long as natural resources seemed inexhaustible due to the limited impact of human production activities. At present, society is coming to understand that economic activity is only a part of human activity and economic development should be considered within the framework of a broader concept of social development.
The faster social and economic life develops, the more needs arise: at one of the economic conferences held in 2006, a report was presented in which rather interesting data were made public, indicating that, according to experts, over the next twenty years the world's major powers should do the following:
to feed a new population, equal in number to the population of the entire globe in 1940, and in doing so:
less use of chemical fertilizers and biocides;
to produce as much energy as it was produced in the entire previous history of mankind, despite the fact that it is becoming more difficult to increase energy production and it is necessary to simultaneously eliminate acid rain;
to meet 100% increased demand for food, raw materials and industrial goods, while resources are running out and it is becoming more difficult to safely store waste;
generate annualized net real capital at least twice the current amount, despite government redistribution of capital for social purposes;
radically improve living, working, educational, urban and environmental conditions in both developed and developing countries;
simultaneously raise the health standards of all countries, move from treating diseases to preventing them, and limit population growth to reasonable limits;
increase employment by 30 - 50% by creating new jobs, in many ways, in service industry while at the same time increasing productivity enough to keep inflation in check;
fulfill all the above tasks without irreversible disruption of the natural balance or a resource crisis that could lead to war.
The above needs, no matter how they are treated, are the real needs of mankind. We cannot satisfy them using not only yesterday's but today's technologies. For tomorrow's standard of living to be at least as good as today's in the material and social sense, serious inventions, innovations and institutional changes are needed. Because many solutions require large investments, most innovation will come from large organizations.
In his control work I would like to touch on the following topics:
What is innovation;
Innovation process system;
Innovative activity.
Chapter 1. Innovation - as an economic category.
The essence of innovation and its content.
By innovation (eng. innovation - innovation, innovation, innovation) we mean "investment in innovation."
Novation (lat. novation - change, update) is some kind of innovation that did not exist before. In accordance with civil law, novation means an agreement between the parties to replace one obligation they have concluded with another, i.e., this result is novation.
Innovation is a materialized result obtained from capital investment in new equipment or technology, in new forms of organization of production, labor, service and management, including new forms of control, accounting, planning methods, analysis techniques, etc.
Innovation can also be called an innovative product.
The concept of "innovation" is closely related to the concepts of "invention" and "discovery". Under the invention understand new devices, mechanisms, tools, other devices created by man.
Discovery is the process of obtaining previously unknown data or the observation of a previously unknown natural phenomenon.
The term "innovation" as a new economic category was introduced into scientific circulation by the Austrian (later American) scientist Joseph Alois Schumpeter (J. A. Schumpeter, 1883-1950) in the first decade of the 20th century. “In his work “The Theory of Economic Development” (1911), J. Schumpeter for the first time considered the issues of new combinations of changes in development (i.e. issues of innovation) and gave a complete description of the innovation process.
J. Schumpeter singled out five changes in development:
use of new equipment, technological processes, or new market support for production;
introduction of products with new properties;
use of new raw materials;
changes in the organization of production and its logistics;
emergence of new markets. »*
According to J. Schumpeter, innovation is the main source of profit: "profit, in essence, is the result of the implementation of new combinations", "without development there is no profit, without profit there is no development."
Today description technological innovation is based on international standards, recommendations on which were adopted in Oslo in 1992 (the so-called "Oslo Guide"). These standards cover new products and new processes as well as their significant technological changes. Based on this, two types of technological innovations were adopted:
♦ product innovation;
♦ process innovation.
Russian official terms for innovation are the terms used in the Concept of Innovation Policy Russian Federation for 1998-2000, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 1998 No. 832. These terms are:
"Innovation (innovation)" - the end result innovation activities, which has received implementation in the form of a new or improved product sold on the market, a new or improved technological process used in practice.
"Innovative activity" - a process aimed at implementing the results of completed scientific research and developments or other scientific and technological achievements into a new or improved product sold on the market, into a new or
* - data from the site article http://ru.wikipedia.org/
an improved technological process used in practical activities, as well as additional research and development related to this. Considering this definition of innovation activity, one should point out the absence of the concept of innovation development in it. Innovative activity means the entire innovative process, without exception, starting with the emergence of an idea and ending with the diffusion of a product. A more precise definition of innovation activity is as follows. Innovative activity is a process aimed at developing innovations, implementing the results of completed scientific research and development or other scientific and technical achievements into a new or improved product sold on the market, into a new or improved technological process used in practical activities, as well as related to this additional research and development.
"State innovation policy" - definition by authorities state power of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the goals of the innovation strategy and mechanisms for supporting priority innovation programs and projects.
"Innovation potential (states, industries, organizations)" - a set of various types of resources, including material, financial, intellectual, scientific, technical and other resources necessary for the implementation of innovative activities.
"Innovation sphere" - the area of activity of producers and consumers innovative products(works, services), including the creation and dissemination of innovations.
"Innovation infrastructure" - organizations that contribute to the implementation of innovative activities (innovative technology centers, technological incubators, technology parks, educational and business centers and other specialized organizations).
"Innovation program (federal, interstate, sectoral)" - a set of innovative projects and activities, coordinated in terms of resources, performers and deadlines for their implementation and providing an effective solution to the problems of mastering and distributing fundamentally new types of products (technology).
Functions of innovation
Innovation is a result realized on the market, obtained from capital investment in a new product or operation (technology, process). When implementing an innovation offered for sale, there is an exchange of "money-innovation". The funds received by an entrepreneur (producer, investor-seller) as a result of such x>6 exchange, firstly, cover the costs of creating and selling innovations, secondly, they make a profit from the implementation of innovations, and thirdly, they act as an incentive to create new innovations, fourthly, are a source of financing for a new innovation process.
Based on this, we can say that innovation performs the following three functions:
♦ reproductive;
♦ investment;
♦ stimulating.
Reproductive function means that innovation is an important source of financing for expanded reproduction.
The cash proceeds from the sale of innovations on the market creates entrepreneurial profit, which acts as a source of financial resources and at the same time a measure of the effectiveness of the innovation process.
Entrepreneurial profit can be used to expand the volume of production, trade, investment, innovation and financial activities. These directions of use of profit are reflected in the "Plan of cash flows of an economic entity".
Thus, making a profit from innovation and using it as a source of financial resources is the content of the reproductive function of innovation.
The profit received through the implementation of innovation can be used in various ways, including as capital. Capital is money held for profit. This capital can be used to finance both all investments and specifically new types of innovations. Thus, the use of profit from innovation for investment is the content of the investment function of innovation.
The receipt by an entrepreneur of profit through the implementation of innovation directly corresponds to the objective function of any commercial economic entity. This coincidence serves as an incentive for the entrepreneur to new innovations; encourages him to constantly study demand, improve the organization marketing activities, apply more modern methods of financial management (reengineering, brand strategy, benchmarking, etc.). All of the above is the content of the stimulating function of innovation.
Chapter 2. Innovation process
The innovation process is a sequential chain of events during which an innovation is implemented from an idea to a specific product, technology or service and is distributed in economic practice. Moreover, the innovation process does not end with the so-called implementation, i.e. the first appearance on the market of a new product, service or bringing a new technology to its design capacity. The process is not interrupted because as it spreads in the economy, an innovation improves, becomes more efficient, acquires new consumer properties, which opens up new areas of application, new markets, and hence new consumers.
The innovation process is a broader concept than innovation activity. It can be viewed from different perspectives and in varying degrees of detail:
firstly, it can be viewed as a parallel-sequential implementation of research, scientific, technical, industrial activities and innovations;
secondly, it can be considered as temporary stages life cycle innovation from the inception of an idea to its development and implementation.
Like any other process, the innovation process has its own stages of existence:
During first stage scientific and technical ideas are put forward. Research work is being completed with updating and experimental testing of new methods for meeting social needs.
On the second stage the implementation of applied research work is associated with a high probability of obtaining negative results, therefore, there is a risk of losses when investing in applied research.
On the third stage development and design work is carried out related to the development of preliminary projects ( Avan project- this is a complete system design at the system / subsystem level; usually only a limited number of tests are required at this stage. In addition to the specification of functions and tasks, alternative design concepts are considered, preliminary equipment drawings and workflow descriptions are developed and reviewed. In a detailed design, the preliminary design drawings are made more detailed, revised and brought to the level of components), preliminary design, production of working design documentation, manufacturing and testing of prototypes.
On the fourth stage when launched into production, large investments are required to reconstruct production facilities, train personnel, etc. At this stage of the innovation process, the market reaction to innovations is not yet known, and the risks of rejection of the proposed product are very likely. The financing of the work at the fourth stage, related to the development of large-scale production of a new product and the subsequent improvement of technology through innovation-processes, will require 6-8 times more costs than the costs associated with research and development. Taking into account the high costs of mastering large-scale production, at this stage of the innovation process, the emission of valuable papers, it will attract additional investment.
Financing of work on the fourth stage of the innovation process can lead to the organization of the technical development of an uncompetitive product if nothing fundamentally new is created at the previous three stages. The fourth stage of the innovation process can be considered as an investment project, because it coincides with the second phase of the product life cycle. On the other hand, if the innovations created at the first three stages of the innovation process allow organizing technological development and commercialization new products, which has no foreign analogues, then the state takes a partial part in the financing of these works.
The innovation process is made up of interconnected and interdependent individual elements that form a single complex whole. The result of this process is innovation as an implemented, used change.
Innovation activity - this is, first of all, intellectual activity, and as many types of this activity, so there can be many forms of manifestations of innovation.
Innovative activity is connected with attraction of various resources. The main ones are investments and time spent both on research and development, and on the implementation of design, technological and other work related to the large-scale development of the production of new products. The integral system of innovation activity includes such constituent components as science, technology, economics and education.
The essence of innovation activity is understood as its internal content, expressed in the interconnection of all the diverse properties and relationships, found in various forms of existence: scientific, design, technological activities, experimental development, work on the development of innovations in production, their implementation. The content of innovative activity, according to the authors, is the unity of all its constituent elements, properties, internal processes, connections, contradictions and trends. It is expressed in interrelated and effective activities to bring scientific and technical ideas, inventions, developments to a result suitable for practical use, which involves a whole range of scientific, technological, organizational, financial and commercial activities, which together lead to innovation.
Despite the fact that at the present time there have been certain trends in the mutual linking of various theories and generalizing, synthesizing the previous results of the direction, the final unity in views on the essence of innovation has not yet been achieved. The directions of development of innovation theory contained in the scientific literature often complement each other without reflecting the overall picture of existing concepts. Domestic developments cover, to a greater extent, not the results of analytical studies, but the possibility of using foreign experience in our conditions.
Conclusion
Any organization, no matter how successfully it functions, should be aimed at the development of new technologies that allow the production of new types of products of higher quality and at the lowest cost, otherwise it will find itself in a crisis situation. In other words, it needs a competent innovation policy.
Unfortunately, at the moment, in Russia, innovation policy is not being controlled enough in general and, in my opinion, by insufficiently qualified local managers. In the development-production-market chain, the weak links in our country are not so much financing as the lack of technology management skills, i.e. technological innovation management. There are practically no trained specialists in Russia who know the specifics of an innovative product offered to the market and have the ability to work with it on the market. The current intellectual potential of Russia can become the basis for its revival, if the developments come to industry and enter the market. The country will be able to receive through the sale of licenses, developments, fulfillment of external orders, the implementation of joint international innovation projects, amounts comparable to the country's budget, and this is the revival of the economy, the formation of a middle class, and the elimination of unemployment.
In my opinion, the way out is not complicated enough: the maximum activation of the innovative activity of the enterprise. If the development and commercial implementation of new technical ideas requires a high creative spirit, initiative and dedication of each employee and the entire team as a whole, then the reorientation of the entire work of the enterprise to new competitive types of goods and services, the conquest of new markets for products in modern conditions is impossible without improving the organization of labor and training of personnel aimed at a more complete use of the creative potential of the team.
Bibliography
1. Balabanov I.T. Innovation management. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007
2. Goldstein G.Ya. Fundamentals of Management: Textbook, ed. 2nd, supplemented and revised. Taganrog: Publishing House of TRTU, 2004.
3. Innovation management: Textbook / Ed. Doctor of Economics, prof. L.N. Ogolevoy. - M.: INFRA - M, 2001.
(education, finance, information, etc.) Meso Innovative activity (7)Coursework >> Marketing
Impacts on innovative activity are also diverse. Innovative process- this is process transformation of scientific knowledge...
The company presents a set of measures aimed at introducing new technologies or creating new products. The ability to offer the consumer products that have no analogues helps to bypass competitors. Therefore, it is important for any organization to conduct innovative work.
The main incentive for innovation activities in modern enterprises- obsolescence of manufactured goods. In order to identify products whose output is no longer relevant given the current level of technological progress in the world, enterprises periodically conduct a special check. The purpose of such a check is to identify already outdated technologies and products.
In addition, based on the work done, the leaders of the organization are trying to find ways to independently obsolete their products or services, without waiting for the moment when competitors think of it. Ideally, such an analysis determines the firm's priorities for innovation.
Innovative activity - a process aimed at implementing the results of completed scientific research and development or other scientific and technical achievements in a new or improved product sold on the market, in a new or improved technological process used in practical activities, as well as related research and development. Innovative activity begins with the emergence of a scientific and technical idea and ends with the distribution of a product.
The essence of innovation lies in its directions:
Managing the processes of creating new knowledge;
Managing the creative potential of those who create new knowledge;
Management of development and distribution (diffusion) of innovations;
Social and psychological aspects innovations.
Innovation cycle in a rather detailed interpretation is shown in Fig. 2.1.
Rice. 2.1. Characteristics of the stages of the innovation cycle
Innovative activity as a system has the following properties: interconnection and interaction of all elements, integrity, consistency and synchronism in time, consistency with the tasks and goals of the organization, adaptability, flexibility to environmental changes, autonomy management structure, control functions, multifunctionality and multidimensionality, updateability.
The innovation process is a purposeful activity to transform scientific knowledge into innovation and diffusion of the latter, that is, a conscious sequential chain of events aimed at obtaining a certain type of effect by the innovator by satisfying existing or new needs. This is not just a reproduction of new products, but a conscious, systematic activity for the effective implementation of knowledge.
The innovation process can be represented in different ways. In a broad context, the initial stage of the implementation of the innovation process can be considered the period of time from the definition (realization) of the need to implement the innovation to the creation of a working version of the innovation project. The middle stage lasts from the development of the final version of the technical justification and business plan for an innovative project to its practical implementation in the enterprise as an experimental model. The final stage is the implementation of the transfer of innovations and their further distribution in the country's economy and beyond. On fig. 2.2 presents 10 stages - from decision-making on a new means of satisfying social needs to the implementation of an innovative project.
In a simplified version, the investment process consists of the following main stages:
The birth of the idea of innovation;
Justification of the need for an innovative change;
Evaluation of the effectiveness of innovation;
Development and technical implementation of an innovative idea;
Implementation of innovation in the system;
Promotion of innovation in the market.
The organizational and material basis of the investment process is the organizational and production, research and development structures aimed at the implementation of innovative activities.
Applied R&D
From the point of view of the enterprise, the mechanism for managing innovative activity is always specific, since it is aimed at achieving certain innovative goals by influencing specific factors that ensure the achievement of certain goals, and this influence is carried out through the use of certain enterprise resources.
Innovations can be introduced at the initiative of producers or buyers. In modern conditions, large organizations in developed countries have developed stable mechanisms for managing innovation processes, reflecting the features of the integration of science and production, the increasing orientation of research and development to market needs. New tasks introduce changes in the system of connections both vertically between management levels and horizontally between scientific and design and technological divisions. In highly developed countries, since the 1980s, the development and implementation of innovations have become a continuous controlled process, when innovative ideas (in the long term, production plans and programs) cover all areas of enterprise activity.
In the process of preparing and mastering technical and product innovations, the enterprise implements activities that involve all departments:
1. Research work is carried out to the greatest extent at the first stage of generating, selecting ideas and marketing research. At the stage of technological preparation of production and mastering the serial production of new products, research work contributes to the improvement of technological processes, the introduction of advanced equipment, technological equipment and controls, an increase in the level of mechanization and automation of work, and the like.
2. Design and technological work they are carried out at all stages of the creation and development of new products, but they are most developed at the stage of design and technological preparation of production.
3. Organizational and planning work - a set of interrelated processes of planning, organization, accounting and control at all stages and stages of production preparation, ensuring the readiness of enterprises to create and manufacture new products. Bonuses aimed at more complete observance at all stages of preparation of production of such principles as specialization, parallelism, continuity, proportionality, directness, automaticity and rhythm.
Organizational and planning work includes: development of long-term and operational schedules for preparing the production of new products as a whole, as well as its individual stages and stages; planning marketing research of consumer needs, research on the positioning of a new product, which will determine the possible competitive strategy; organization of work on the creation regulatory framework for different stages of preparation of production; establishing typical structures and functions of business units that create new products; operational management production preparation; organization of work to ensure the readiness of enterprises and their divisions for the release of a new product, the development of organizational projects that simulate the process of pre-production - from research and development to the use of products by consumers, determining the forecast level of competitiveness of new products, planning the withdrawal of the product from the market.
4. Works of a material and technical nature provide for ensuring the material and technical readiness of enterprises for the creation and production of new products. At the level industrial enterprise- this is the provision of timely and complete deliveries of basic and auxiliary materials, equipment, spare parts, etc., necessary for the release of new products.
5. Works of an economic nature - a set of interrelated processes that provide economic justification creation, production and operation of new products. They include: determining the economic feasibility of creating, manufacturing and operating a new product; calculation marginal prices pa message of the product; establishment of terms and sources of financing for the creation and development of new products; several economic calculations associated with the creation, development serial production and operation of new products. At the level of an industrial enterprise, the economic aspects of preparing new products also include viewing planning and economic information, standards, documentation forms, the current system for planning, accounting and evaluating the activities of enterprise divisions, taking into account the specifics of new products; development of standards for labor costs for the periods of development of the product.
6. Works of a socio-psychological nature - a set of interrelated processes that ensure the socio-psychological readiness of enterprises for the creation and production of new products. They consist in explanatory work on the need to create and develop new products. certain level quality within the established deadlines, output volumes and minimal cost; in informing the team about the need for professional, qualification and organizational changes during the creation and development of new products; in the mobilization by the management of the enterprise of the creative capabilities of personnel for the creation and production of products in as soon as possible at the lowest cost of living and materialized labor.
The main types of innovations in the enterprise include innovations in products, technological processes, personnel and management activities.
Product innovation can be viewed in terms of:
New use of an already known product;
Changes in the appearance of an already known product;
A fundamental change in an already known product (improving certain characteristics, improving quality, reducing production costs due to the use of new materials or new technological means);
Invention of a radical new product.
Therefore, each new product can be characterized by:
The presence of new technical solutions, their significance (scientific and technical aspect);
Impact on the market, that is, market novelty (marketing aspect).
If a new product model is better than the existing one in terms of technical and economic characteristics (due to the application of new scientific recommendations, inventions and technical solutions) and the costs of its development are small, and there is no market novelty in the product, then its implementation is unlikely to provide a profit to the manufacturer. At the same time, the market novelty of the product can be achieved without scientific and technical solutions - thanks to changes in appearance, size, shape.
Management should be focused in market conditions on the improvement of technology. Technology (Greek Techpe - art, skill, skill, and logic - a set of techniques and methods for obtaining, processing, processing raw materials, materials or products that are carried out in various industries). It is also a scientific discipline that develops and improves these methods and techniques.
The technology includes a technological process, technical control, instructions for the implementation of the technical process, rules, requirements, maps, schedules, etc.
From point of view innovation management, talks about the technology of production, trade, establishing sources of supply, marketing, counting and accounting, drafting documents, information support, personnel selection, adoption and implementation management decisions etc.
The technology must be efficient and cost-competitive. Technology management would be much easier if costs could be ignored.
The basis of innovation policy on manufacturing enterprises different industries constitute precisely product innovation. They are decisive in terms of the purpose of the enterprise - to meet certain needs of society. But it is necessary to take into account the connection with other types of innovative activity, because product innovations contribute to the innovation of technological, personnel and managerial activities. The latter, therefore, ensure the successful and efficient implementation of product innovations.
The intra-organizational path of technical innovations is presented in Table. 2.1.
Table 2.1. Intraorganizational way of innovation in the enterprise
|
Stages of innovation implementation |
Essence of activity |
|
Actualization of innovation |
Identification of the problem, making a decision on the feasibility of changes, recognizing the need for innovation |
|
Obtaining and analyzing information about innovation |
Active search for information about innovation from various sources, summarizing |
|
Evaluation of options and selection of innovation |
Analysis of information on acceptable innovations, selection of the best innovation option |
|
Making a decision to introduce an innovation |
Acceptance and approval by management of the decision to introduce innovation into production |
|
Implementation |
Trial implementation, if necessary - adjustments, final implementation and use |
|
Anchoring |
Diffusion internal and external |
Based on the analysis of essential properties new technology implement it preselection, and the main criterion is economic efficiency innovation that ensures the survival, performance, competitiveness and profitability of the enterprise. The most important indicators characterizing the effectiveness technological process, are:
Specific costs of raw materials, energy per unit of output;
The quality of the finished product;
Quantity of finished products;
The intensity of the process;
Production costs;
Production cost;
Labor productivity.
Typical mistakes of technology implementation managers:
Attempts to introduce several innovations at the same time. In case of failure as a result, it is difficult to detect and quickly eliminate its causes. At the same time, the future of innovation depends on the first trials.
Comparison of new technology with the current level of production, not with the level that will be achieved after the introduction of innovation.
Using quantitative indicators to evaluate new technology that aims to improve the quality of production. Before starting implementation, managers must develop a specification for a new technology, criteria for its evaluation, create the necessary infrastructure (information support, accounting, calculation methods).
In fact, it is necessary to proceed from the extent to which the technology meets the requirements of consumers. For example, it is not possible to achieve the desired success in the market by offering an overpriced sports car when the market is looking for cheap small family models.
New technology can introduce economically and technologically efficient enterprise. At high rates of scientific and technical progress, it changes equipment, technology, and brings new products to the market.
The choice of a specific technology is carried out with the help of a rating system based on a qualitative professional analysis of intermediate and final results. The main purpose of the assessment is to identify the need for changes in terms of resource provision, management practices, organization of project implementation. The conclusions of the people who carry out this assessment affect the following aspects:
The amount of funding;
Balance between different measures (directions)
Implementation plans.
The extension, change or termination of technological innovations, as well as the formation of new ones, depend on these assessments. The milestones and evaluation criteria are inextricably linked. At the first stage, they decide whether the enterprise can afford to introduce a new technology, evaluating the technical advantages and the compliance of the innovation with the specialization of production.
The assessment is carried out by technical experts and managers. There is a natural phenomenon: the more innovations correspond to the direction of the enterprise's production activities, the less severe is the assessment of its technical advantages. Conversely, in order to dig up the leadership in the feasibility of a project that is consistent with the previous specialization, one must pick up weighty arguments to prove the benefits of the project.
The evaluation system may include internal and external expertise. Internal provides for the compilation of an evaluation commission from among the employees. This is an economic, but too subjective composition of experts. The involvement of an independent external commission completely solves this problem.
In the second step, managers decide whether they should implement a certain technology. To do this, calculate the payback period of capital investments and other indicators.
With such a formalized method of evaluation, various forms of rating are used, as a rule, according to the financial criteria "costs - results". In addition, it provides for an assessment of non-financial indicators: compliance with specialization, expiration date of the implementation program, market size, demand growth rate, competitiveness, and the like.
Each enterprise chooses its own assessment methodology according to the selected criteria. Example peer review criteria of the new technology is given in Table. 2.2.
Table 2.2. Criteria for evaluating a new technology in an enterprise
|
Terms, designation |
Criteria |
Variant Criteria Value |
||||
|
Prospects for another technology |
||||||
|
Projected sales volume, rub. |
High; Average; |
|||||
|
Market expansion rate |
Significantly exceeds the average rate of market expansion for this enterprise; Equal to the average; Below the average |
|||||
|
Company market share |
Become a leader Will become one of two or three leaders; play an unimportant role |
|||||
|
Readiness of the enterprise to accept new technology |
new technology is perceived as a success factor for the future One of several important factors; There are more important factors |
|||||
|
Probability of success of a new technology perspective = M G K S |
||||||
Continuation tab. 2.2.
|
Probability of Success |
|||
|
Technical problems |
There are no technical problems, it is only necessary to direct resources to the introduction of new technology; There are some technical problems, but they are easy to fix; Technical problems are significant |
||
|
Technological competition |
The company is a technology leader; one of the two or three leading enterprises; One of many, but has no advantage in technology |
||
|
Availability of resources |
The enterprise owns sufficient capacities and masses of qualified personnel; Certain difficulties with resources, but can be avoided; Attraction of external additional resources cannot be avoided. |
||
|
Existence of mechanism and introduction of new technology |
Production units are ready for implementation; It is not clear who should implement the production; Production units are set against the introduction |
||
|
Probability of Success = B C F T |
|||
For each innovative project, a rating is calculated. The method takes into account various characteristics the latest technology, so the manager can comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness. In addition, this method allows you to identify points on which discrepancies between experts are revealed. So the discussion is heading for the weak points.
Allows you to evaluate the project with financial and non-financial criteria;
Allows you to bring estimates and accurate information about the enterprise into a single whole;
Criteria are formed based on the specifics of a particular enterprise.
As the project progresses to the implementation stage, the assessment must be specific, for which experts from various industries are involved in the decision-making process. The task of the innovation manager is to skillfully manage the diversified opinion of specialists.
The process of technological innovation in an enterprise as an activity depends on how much they will ensure the creation of a commercially profitable product. Therefore, the innovation manager must:
Investigate the suitability of existing and new technologies for the mission and strategic goals enterprises;
Identify technology opportunities for created products that have or may have high demand in the future;
Conduct research to implement these opportunities, develop a new product (product);
Design production facilities for the production of a trial batch of products;
Test a prototype for a riku;
Implement technology for serial production.
Such a scheme for organizing the innovation process and managing it within the enterprise provides for close interaction between the functional divisions of the management
systems, especially those involved in the development, production and marketing of new products and customer service.
Technological innovations, like product innovations, are based on the concept of a life cycle, that is, technologies also have their own life cycle. The sequence of implementation of technological innovations is shown in fig. 2.3.
With this model of innovation in the enterprise, the focus is on the constant search for new ideas, which is carried out by special research units (laboratories), creating automated data banks.
"Disadvantages" at the enterprise are revealed by means of certification of workplaces. A passport is a document that makes it possible to characterize the possibilities for the effective use of production capacities, equipment, the use of specialists, evaluate the economic and social efficiency of innovations, and rank their selection taking into account costs. As experience confirms, the rapid spread of innovation is facilitated by:
The advantage of the new technology over the previous ones;
Compatibility with existing systems, procedures, infrastructure, etc.;
Ease of use;
Ease of testing and testing, copying at no extra cost.
Rice.2.3. Technological Innovation Sequence
The new technology is not only different production characteristics, but also consumer ( New product must necessarily be better than its predecessors). The most important characteristics of a new technology: expected benefits, product performance requirements, etc. create the basis for the quantitative justification of the project, most often in the form financial analysis. At this stage, the planned sales volumes of the new product are evaluated, which will determine their sufficiency to obtain the planned income. After preparing the sales plan, the company's management evaluates possible costs and revenues. Cost estimation is carried out by the IIDR department, production, marketing and financial divisions. They calculate sales, cost and revenue projections associated with the introduction of new technology and the launch of new products on the market.
The effectiveness of technological innovations is also calculated on the basis of average annual indicators without taking into account or taking into account discounting based on an assessment of comparative efficiency. The integral effect of technical innovations (E) can be calculated by the formula (2.1) * 3:
* 3: (Orlov P.A. Determining the effectiveness of real investments // Finance of Ukraine. - No. 1. - 2006. - P. 57.)
(2.1)
where FROM- savings on running costs per year t; A - depreciation for renovation, due to investments; TO - capital expenditures in the year and; H - income tax on the amount of savings on current expenses; E - the cost of related economic, social, environmental results; T - innovation life cycle; α - discount factor.
Characteristics of the innovation infrastructure
The defining feature of the modern innovation process is the industrial use of the results of applied scientific research, that is, the integration of science and production. This creates conditions for the application of the achievements of scientific and technological progress and development economic organizations. At the same time, the competitive potential of enterprises is increasing, new consumer needs are being met, and the demand for innovative developments is growing.
Such conditions contribute to scientific and technical cooperation, new organizational forms such interaction, a modern infrastructure is being created. The content of the concept of "infrastructure" is extremely wide, the main types and organizational forms depend on the destination. An increase in the market supply of innovative products poses quite important tasks for the innovation infrastructure - commercializing the results of innovative activities, giving them the form of a product, ensuring market entry and promoting successful implementation, that is, implementation. How important this is can be seen from the assessment given by the surveyed enterprises: 18.3% of them note the lack of information about sales markets, 16% - the lack of demand for innovative products, and 14.5% - the resistance of enterprises to innovations. The presence of these problems is a direct consequence of insufficient attention to such forms of infrastructural support for innovative activity as the development trading network, marketing support, advertising, exhibition complexes, service maintenance of innovative products. However, we must not forget that these services are important not only at the final stage of innovation. The problem of commercialization of an intellectual product arises at the initial stage of the development of an innovative idea, and in many ways it depends on its solution at all stages of the innovation process whether this idea will turn into an innovative product.
The features of the material and technical, resource and system-wide support of innovative activity are considered, which make it possible to submit the composition of the innovative infrastructure according to the classification given in Table. 2.3.
Table 2.3. Composition and classification of innovation infrastructure
|
Purpose |
Organizational form |
|
|
Logistics support for innovation activities |
Organizational and economic infrastructure |
Technoparks; technopolises; business incubators; science city; individual innovative enterprises; firms and centers for the provision of infrastructure services |
|
Experimental infrastructure |
Science parks, centers, institutes, laboratories; technology centers; scientific and technological centers; experience in experimental sites, centers, laboratories, sites |
|
|
Design infrastructure |
Design institutes, firms; design firms, bureaus, laboratories, sites |
|
|
Resource support for innovation |
Financial and economic infrastructure |
Specialized state or municipal innovative banking financial and credit institutions, funds, firms, venture investment banks |
|
Information and communication infrastructure |
Global information networks Internet; scientific and technical funds; libraries; information databases; depository system |
|
|
HR infrastructure |
Institutions of higher and secondary education for the training of specialists of the relevant profile of knowledge; centers, schools, colleges with special vocational training; centers and educational establishments for the training and retraining of specialists in the field of innovation |
|
|
System-wide support of innovation activity |
Legal infrastructure |
Laws of Ukraine on innovation activities; tax legislation on innovative enterprises; system of regulation of export-import relations in the field of innovation; state and local regulations regarding the functioning of innovative enterprises; law and consulting firms |
Lecture "Organization
Innovative activity"
The essence of innovation and its functions (stimulating, investment, reproduction).
Innovation represents the first practical application of a new scientific and technical, production and technological, organizational and managerial or other solution that can improve the final economic results of the financial and economic (commercial) activities of the enterprise.
Not all innovations are of a qualitative nature, radically changing the technology and organization of production. Many innovations involve relatively minor changes. The history of economics shows that most often scientific and technological progress is not revolutionary, but evolutionary. Such innovations can be defined as improvements.
Improvements- these are innovations characterized by a relatively small impact on the dynamics of the development of a particular object.
All types of management activities are interrelated and, as a rule, should be carried out in parallel (Fig. 1). At the same time, the ultimate success of any type of management activity depends on its innovative component. And vice versa: the ultimate success of innovative management is possible only on the basis of the implementation of its ideas and developments in the practice of other types of management.
Innovation accomplishes the following three functions:
- reproductive;
- investment;
- stimulating.
reproductive function means that innovation is an important source of financing for expanded reproduction. The meaning of the reproductive function is to profit from innovation and use it as a source of financial resources.
The profit received through the implementation of innovation can be used in various ways, including as capital. This capital can be used to finance new types of innovation. Thus, the use of profits from innovation for investment is the content investment function innovation.
Making a profit through the implementation of innovation directly corresponds to the main goal of any commercial organization. Profit serves as an incentive for the entrepreneur to introduce new innovations; encourages you to constantly study the demand, improve the organization of marketing activities, apply modern methods of financial management. All of this is content. stimulating function innovation.
The concept of innovation activity and innovation process.
Innovation activity is a complex of scientific, technological, organizational, financial and commercial activities aimed at the commercialization of accumulated knowledge, technologies and equipment.
Innovation process is a process of successive transformation of an idea into a product, passing through the stages of fundamental and applied research, design development, marketing, production and sales
Types of innovative activity of the enterprise.
Innovative activity of the enterprise for the development, implementation, development and commercialization of innovations includes:
1. Carrying out research and design work to develop the idea of innovation, conduct laboratory research, manufacture laboratory samples of new products, types of new equipment, new designs and products;
2. Selection of the necessary types of raw materials and materials for the manufacture of new types of products;
3. Development of a technological process for the manufacture of new products;
4. Design, manufacture, testing and development of samples of equipment necessary for the manufacture of products;
5. Development and implementation of new organizational and managerial decisions aimed at the implementation of innovations;
6. Research, development or acquisition of the necessary information resources and information support of innovations;
7. Training, education, retraining and special methods of recruitment of personnel necessary for R&D;
8. Work or purchase necessary documentation licensing, patenting, know-how acquisition;
9. Organization and conduct of marketing research to promote innovation, etc.
Characteristics innovation activity:
1. Increased risk;
2. Cyclicity at the micro- and macro-level (at the macro level, associated with large Kondratiev cycles, at the micro-level with the life cycle of a particular product);
3. Dependence of the efficiency of resource use on the level of technology novelty;
4. Specific marketing and models for promoting innovations on the market.
Stages of knowledge reproduction.
The economic content of innovation can be revealed using a reproduction approach, highlighting the entire sequence of stages that are continuous and interconnected:
Life cycle of innovation
Innovative processes can be represented as successive stages of the life cycle of a new product - from the theoretical substantiation of its concept to experimental development, testing and mass distribution.
Managers specializing in the management of innovation processes must have a good understanding of the life cycle curve of any innovation, i.e. periods of its rise and fall in order to timely enter the market with the next innovations (Figure 2).
After the creation of an innovation in the course of scientific and technical activities of the first three stages - fundamental and applied research, experimental design and other similar works - the processes of production and commercial use of innovations that have confirmed their effectiveness during experimental tests begin.
The dynamics of financial flows of the stages of innovation processes in the figure is shown using curve 1. It shows that at stages 1, 2, 3, during which innovations (innovations) are still being created, the amount of investment costs will constantly increase.
However, already at the stage of implementation, and especially at the stage of growth in production volumes carried out on the basis of mastered innovations, the amount of investment required for this will tend to decrease.
At the stages of commercialization of an effective innovation, sooner or later the moment of return comes, i.e. full return on investment. The dynamics of the processes of changing sales volumes is indicated as curve 2.
Technological structure.
Technological order - a set of technologies characteristic of a certain level of development of production. It is believed that 5 technological structures have been passed in the world, at the moment the Sixth techno-structure is coming.
The concept of innovation cycle. Stages of the innovation cycle. Innovation cycle model. Types of innovation cycle. Minimum and maximum duration innovation cycle. The innovation cycle and the life cycle of a product or service. Methods for reducing the innovation cycle.
Joint ventures
A joint venture can be defined as an institution of inter-firm cooperation in the development, production or marketing of a product, is not based on short-term market transactions and involves a significant and lasting contribution from the partners in the form of capital, technology or other assets. In many cases, management responsibility is shared between partner firms.
There are four types of technology-oriented joint ventures:
cooperation between firms only in research;
exchange of proven technologies within a single product line or across multiple products. These JVs are especially well known in the global microelectronics and robotics industries due to their cross-licensing practices;
joint development of one or more products (in commercial aircraft and engine building, in certain segments of the telecommunications, microelectronics and biotechnology industries);
cooperation through the performance of various functions or stages of the life cycle of products, inherent in a number of international ones. JV in biotechnology, pharmacology, steel industry and automotive industry. This refers to situations where one firm develops a new product or marketing procedure, and production and adaptation to a foreign market is carried out by another firm.
business incubator models.
There are a number of options for organizing incubators, and the choice of a specific solution depends on the stakeholders and the purpose of establishing an incubator. There are the following categories:
Group;
Special (for example, high technologies);
star model;
Public and social incubators;
Virtual incubators.
group model- such incubators invite and serve all kinds of enterprises. The advantages are a mixed business environment, stimulating communication between enterprises, as well as production various kinds goods and services. This mixed environment makes it easier to find customers and is suitable for areas with a low concentration entrepreneurial activity, for example, for incubators outside small cities serving businesses in rural areas.
special model- such incubators are created to support start-ups operating in a specific industry, such as automotive, biotechnology, IT. This option is suitable for areas where there is a concentration of enterprises operating in a particular sector, and is often implemented with the support of universities or large companies who would like to transfer technology or research to start-up small businesses that have the same level of specialized knowledge and skills. Such incubators require special infrastructure, facilities, laboratories and equipment. Additionally, it is required that the staff of the incubator also possess good knowledge industry specifics.
star model- such incubators are created in areas with a low density of entrepreneurs, for example, in small cities and rural areas. This model offers effective method Providing wide access to incubator services and facilities eliminates the costs that would be required to set up several separate incubators. The central incubator acts as the core of this system, in which management is located and basic services are provided, such as education, meeting rooms, office and industrial premises, broadband access Internet, etc.
This central incubator is connected (using information technologies, where possible) satellite incubators, which can be very small local business support centers that provide information, consulting and general business services. In such satellite incubators, work space may be provided on a part-time or part-time basis.
Public/social incubators- many incubators are created not with the aim of making a profit for the owner or participants, but to return the profits made back to the vincubator and achieve sustainability. Often such incubators are created as part of local community projects, and can have a significant impact on the recovery of the local economy and raising the level of entrepreneurial knowledge and values. The use of best practices is no less important for such incubators, and their activities should be aimed at improving the welfare of the entire society in this territory - "social integration".
Virtual incubators- with the penetration and development of information and telecommunication technologies, the need to provide the physical infrastructure of incubation is reduced.
Many aspiring entrepreneurs, for personal, family or financial reasons, decide to start their own business from home or close proximity. However, they still need access to services and support, even if they do not need the facilities offered by the incubator. This "no walls" model works through information networks, providing services to entrepreneurs remotely, and increasingly through the Internet, using email and virtual private networks (VPNs) to connect entrepreneurs to the office of the virtual incubator or to each other. Virtual incubators are often created on the basis of physically existing incubators, which allows the incubator to increase its client base, develop communities of interest among entrepreneurs and create a sustainable local and regional network of information exchange.
Lecture "Organization
Innovative activity"
Functions and types of innovative activity. Features of innovation activity
The teacher is an integral part of the process of his professional development. For those who work in the traditional system, it is enough to master the technique, which is a set of teaching skills. This alone will make it possible to carry it out in full and achieve certain successes. However, for the implementation of innovative activities of a teacher, his professional training alone is not enough. At the same time, the readiness of the teacher himself to become on the path of improvement is also important.
Concept definition
What do we mean by innovative activity of a teacher? This is something new, if compared with the previous one, aimed at improving the quality of education. In general, the term "innovation" in its modern sense means the manifestation of new elements or forms. The synonym for this word is "innovation".
The modern teacher is considered somewhat deeper, while having a broader semantic designation. It is understood as the purposeful work of a teacher, based on understanding their own professional experience by studying and comparing the educational process in order to change it and receive a better education.
We can say that the innovative activity of a teacher is a phenomenon that reflects the creative potential of a teacher. If we consider this term from the point of view of its application to the general educational process, then we can talk about its relative youth. And this explains the existence of different approaches to explaining this concept.
On the one hand, pedagogical innovations are understood as various innovations aimed at changing the technology of education and training in order to increase their effectiveness. But sometimes this concept has a different meaning. Innovations include not only the creation and dissemination of innovations, but also changes and transformations in the style of thinking and in the way of activity that are associated with these innovations. In any case, it is something progressive, useful, advanced, modern and positive.
At present, processes of standardization of all levels of education without exception are taking place in Russia. This led to the creation of the FGOS. The purpose of this work is a certain unification and accessibility for widespread practical use of scientifically supported experimental work in education and training. The innovative activity of the teacher in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard is designed to make positive changes in the current education system. This is necessary for Russia to enter the international market that offers such services, and bring curricula schools and preschool educational institutions in accordance with those that are considered generally accepted throughout the world.
Signs of innovation activity
The process of introducing various innovations into the educational process largely depends on the potential of the teacher himself. How to determine the teacher's readiness for innovative activity? The potential of the individual in this case associated with parameters such as:
The presence of a creative ability to generate and produce new ideas and ideas, as well as design and model them in practice;
Readiness for something different from existing ideas, a new one, the basis of which is panorama and flexibility of thinking, as well as tolerance of character;
Education and development in cultural and aesthetic terms;
The desire to improve their activities, as well as the presence of internal methods and means that will ensure it.
The readiness of a teacher for innovative activity is also understood as the presence of a great working capacity, the ability to restrain strong stimuli, a high emotional status and a desire to approach their work creatively. But in addition to personal teacher must have some special qualities. These include knowledge of new technologies, the ability to develop projects, mastering the latest techniques training, as well as the ability to analyze and identify the causes of existing shortcomings.
Specificity of innovation
The participation of teachers in innovative activities has its own characteristics. It presupposes the presence of the necessary degree of freedom in the respective subjects. Indeed, due to its specificity, the innovative activity of a teacher in a preschool educational institution and in schools is most often carried out as if by touch. The fact is that such solutions are beyond the available experience. It is also worth noting that today the innovative activity of a teacher in the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard is regulated and controlled only partially. In this regard, one has to trust the innovator, the researcher, assuming that everything that he does in the process of searching for new solutions and truth will not harm the interests of society.
This approach leads to the realization that the freedom of creativity should go along with the high personal responsibility of the teacher involved in innovative activities.
Importance of innovation
Is it so necessary to organize the innovative activity of a teacher? The importance of this direction is due to the fact that in modern conditions the development of education, culture and society is impossible without:
Socio-economic changes, suggesting the need to update the entire training system, as well as technologies and methods of organization cognitive process in OS of various types;
Strengthening content humanization curricula, which is expressed in a continuous change in the volume and composition of disciplines, the introduction of new subjects, involving a constant search for improved learning technologies and organizational forms;
Changes in the attitude of the teacher himself to the application and development of innovations;
Entry of educational institutions into the system of market relations, which will form their real degree of competitiveness.
What, ultimately, caused the need to develop the innovative activity of the teacher? The main reason for this direction is the fierce competition that every team offering services in the field of education faces almost everywhere.
To date, all educational institutions must independently improve their level of work, monitor and be able to predict the situation that has developed in the relevant market, and be a little ahead of everyone else, using the latest scientific and technological achievements.
Signs of innovation
What can we say about the participation of teachers in innovative activities? This question is both complex and simple. On the one hand, it is easy to determine latest approaches and methods used by the teacher. After all, they have differences from those that were used before their introduction. On the other hand, it is very difficult to describe and justify innovative activity. After all, innovation is not just fixing a certain fact. Each of the forms of innovative activity of a teacher is a whole system.
Its description must contain the purpose and content, the timing of implementation, existing problems and their solution. That is, everything that innovation is aimed at. Methods for analyzing the results obtained should also be explained. It is necessary to give an indication of the forms of innovative activity of the teacher.
Classification of innovation
According to their purpose, all the latest implementations in the training system are conditionally divided into:
- General. These are global concepts available in modern education. They find their manifestation in the optimization of the UVP, the development of humanistic provisions, practical and information technologies, as well as in the organization and management of pedagogical processes.
- Private. They take place in those cases when the innovative experimental activity of teachers is in the form of author's innovations, developed in accordance with the modern directions of the educational process, and implemented in a separate educational institution.
By belonging to the educational process, innovative activity is associated with:
- With the introduction into the education system integrated approach. After all, the traditional system of obtaining knowledge is guided by the already achieved level of technology and science and is not able to meet the requirements of a society that is in its dynamic development.
- With the organization of the entire educational process and the introduction of the latest pedagogical technologies, which are the main factor in the development of innovative methods and means of obtaining knowledge.
- With specialization and profiling of general education. Such directions involve the formation necessary conditions innovative activity of the teacher with its transition to a system of flexible and open continuous individualized learning of the individual throughout her life.
- With the professionalization of existing management activities. This is one of the conditions for the effectiveness and success of innovative directions in educational institutions.
Based on the concept of renewal and content educational processes Innovative activity of a teacher is divided into method-oriented, as well as problem-oriented. Let's consider them in more detail.
Methodologically oriented activity
When it is applied, it is supposed to implement one or another technology of education. It could be:
Use of the latest information technologies;
Application of the principle of integration to the content of education.
In addition, based on the experience of the teacher's innovative activity in the framework of method-oriented work, he can use training:
Developing;
differentiated;
Design;
problematic;
Programmed;
Modular.
As part of the application of such technologies, a prerequisite is the preparedness and competence of a teacher who is able to use approaches such as:
- Person-oriented. It can be achieved by implementing a strategy of support and respect, understanding, assistance and cooperation of the preschool administration in the field of choosing the means and methods of the teacher's work.
- Essential. It is reflected in the interaction of teachers with students to develop their abilities in order to form essential systemic knowledge and establish interdisciplinary connections.
- Operational and activity. This approach is based on the positions of the GEF. Students form the ability to act during the educational process, assimilating knowledge through their practical application.
- Professionally oriented. This is a competency-based approach. It allows students to develop professional attitudes.
- Acmeological. This approach is closely related to the essential one. It is used in the organization of innovative education with the development of new ones, as well as updating already existing methods and teaching aids. This approach allows students to develop creative thinking and contributes to their self-development, self-improvement, self-education and self-control.
- Creative development. This approach is designed to form productive thinking. It develops in students a creative attitude to their activities, as well as the abilities and qualities of a creative person, skills and abilities of a scientific and creative nature.
- Contextual. This approach allows you to bring the content of the subjects of the training program into line with the state standard of education developed in the country.
Problem-oriented activity
Similar innovation processes provide for the solution of a certain type of tasks that are associated with the formation of a high degree of competitiveness in a person.
At the same time, the activity of the teacher is aimed at developing in students:
Awareness of one's personal and social significance;
Ability to set the goal of self-complication of problems and tasks, as well as self-actualization, which is a prerequisite for the creative development of a competitive personality;
An adequate sense of freedom and justified risk, which contributes to the formation of responsibility in the decisions made;
The maximum concentration of one's abilities in order to realize them at the most opportune moment, which is called "delayed victory".
One of the most actual problems that the modern education system is trying to solve is the education of a socially competitive person. Such a concept includes professional stability, social mobility of the individual and its ability to carry out the process of advanced training. At the same time, students should be taught receptivity to innovation. This will allow them to easily change the field of activity in the future, and be always ready to move into new area labor, which is more prestigious.
It is possible to form a competitive personality at this stage of the development of society only through the introduction and inclusion of methodological and problem-oriented innovations in the learning process.
Additional classification
Also, the following types of innovations are distinguished in the education system:
- In terms of scale - federal and regional, national-regional and at the level of educational institutions.
- By - isolated (local, private, single, that is, not related to each other), modular (a chain of private innovations interconnected), systemic.
- By origin - improved (modified), combined (attached to a previously known component), fundamentally new.
Problems of introducing innovations
Often, the conduct of innovative activities causes difficulty for teachers. This is what affects the need for scientific and methodological support of their work. The formal nature of the ongoing pioneering work, which can often be observed in the OU, is caused by:
Low level of basic training of teachers;
Formation of the activity environment in the classical, traditional mode;
Low degree of readiness for innovative activity;
Lack of motivation due to overload;
The inability to determine for themselves the most priority, which causes dispersion of activity and does not give a tangible result.
At the same time, it is impossible to imagine the work of a modern educational institution without innovative methods. But in order to achieve the intended goals, teachers need certain types of support. For some, psychological support is important, for others - individual consultation of a methodologist or a practicing teacher. One of mandatory conditions innovative work is the presence of a sufficient amount of special educational and methodological literature, as well as the latest material and technical base.
The innovative activity of teachers in the modern education system should become a personal category, a kind of creative process and result. creative activity. It also implies the presence of some degree of freedom in the actions of the relevant subjects.
The main value of the innovative activity carried out by the teacher lies in the fact that it allows you to form a personality capable of self-expression and the use of their abilities simultaneously with creativity. Those difficulties that arise in the process of such work, according to many practitioners, can be resolved on their own.
The main result will be:
Creation which will ensure the study, sustainable development and further implementation of best practices;
Occupation of the leadership position of the educational institution in the field of educational services;
Creation of a positive image of the staff of the educational institution.