Today, high-voltage separators RLND are actively used in electrical systems. These devices were developed relatively recently, but have already been able to gain popularity among consumers. The main reasons for this are low cost, long service life and reliability in operation. As a result, linear separators are superior in their characteristics to more expensive analogues.
Abbreviation decoding
In electrical engineering, many devices have an abbreviation, and if you decipher it, you can understand their purpose, for example, OCO. In the case of disconnectors, the situation is even simpler and all letters here are shorthand for the full name. As a result, the decoding of the RLND has the following form:
- R - disconnector.
- L - linear.
- H - external
- D - two-column.
Similarly, RND or other separators, for example, RNDZ, are decoded. Both of these devices are linear two-column separators for outdoor installation. The difference between them lies in one letter "Z", indicating the presence of a grounding conductor. The situation is similar with RLNDZ.
Also, the designation of separator models contains information about the main technical specifications. It is presented in the following form - A-B-C. V/G-D. Instead of letters, the corresponding values \u200b\u200bare indicated who can say the following:
An example is the model RLND-1−10/630 U1. This disconnector is designed for mains voltage up to 10 kV and is equipped with one earthing knife. The rated current of the device is 630 A. The situation is similar with the decoding of the disconnector model RLND 10−400. From the product labeling, it can be understood that the rated current indicator is 400 A. Also, the abbreviation with the decoding of 10-kilovolt devices indicates the presence of products designed for a current of 200, 400 and 630 amperes.
Design and principle of operation
The design of the RLN devices is quite simple. and this is the key to their reliability. Each pole is equipped with a movable and fixed operational bar (columns), which ensure the rotation of the knife in a horizontal plane. Dimensions of series 110 products are indicated on the drawing.
After this, the devices create a visible break in the electrical circuit. and carrying out repair or service work on a specific section of the power line can be read as safe. Separators are intended for installation on electric main supports, for example, SV-110−35. Installation of products is carried out during the construction of power lines or in places of new connection to them.
The manufacturer took care of the simplicity of not only the design, but also the adjustment of their product. This process, in fact, consists only in setting the knives, which will make it possible to achieve the synchronous operation of these elements.
To solve the problem, loosen the bolts, adjust and tighten the fasteners again. After these manipulations, the contact zone of each knife is checked, and its size must be at least 8 mm.
The replacement of the device should be carried out in cases where severe damage was found on it, for example, burnt out contacts. It should also be remembered that maintenance must be carried out in strict accordance with safety standards.
Table 7.1
| Estimated data | catalog data | ||||
| Switch | Disconnector | TA | TV | Discharger | |
| VMT-110B-25/1250UHL1 | RND(3)-110(B)(U)/1000U1(KhL) | TFZM-110B-1U1 | ZNOG-110-79U3 | OPN-UHL1 | |
| U set = 110 kV | U nom = 110 kV | U nom = 110 kV | U nom = 110 kV | U nom = 110 kV | U nom = 110 kV |
| I races = 117 A | I nom = 1000 A | I nom = 1000 A | I nom = 150 A | - | - |
| I k \u003d 3.57 kA | I off = 25 kA | - | - | - | - |
| S k \u003d 714 MVA | S off = 4974 MVA | - | - | - | - |
| Ɩ y = 9.1 kA | Ɩ dyn = 65 kA | Ɩ dyn = 80 kA | Ɩ dyn = 15 kA | - | - |
| I t \u003d 3 \u003d 0.44 kA / s | I t \u003d 3 \u003d 25 kA / s | I t =3 = 31.5 kA/s | I t =3 = 43.3 kA/s | - | - |
7.1 Determine the power off:
S off \u003d 1.73 * I off * U b S off \u003d 1.73 * 25 * 115 \u003d 4974 MVA (7.1)
7.2 Determine the current of three-second thermal resistance:
I t=3 = I to I t=3 = 3.57 = 0.44(7.2)
Decryption of the selected equipment
Switch: VMT-110B-25/1250UHL1
B - switch; M - small; T – with tropical climate110 – rated voltage, kV; B - insulation category; 25 – rated current, kA; 1250 - tripping current, kA; U - for work in areas with a temperate climate; 1 - for outdoor work; HL - cold.
The design of TDC circuit breakers is based on a single-burst arc extinguishing device (module) for a voltage of 110 kV.
In VMT-110B circuit breakers, three poles are installed on a common frame and are controlled by one PprK-1400 spring drive.
The principle of operation of the circuit breakers is based on the extinguishing of an electric arc by a gas-oil mixture flow, which is formed as a result of the intensive decomposition of transformer oil under the action of a high arc temperature. The circuit breakers are closed by the energy of the actuator closing springs, and the circuit breakers are opened by the energy of the circuit breakers' own opening springs, which are charged during the closing process.
Rice. 7.1 - VMT-110B-25/1250UHL1
Disconnector: RND(3)-110(B)(U)/1000U1(KhL)
R - disconnector; H - outdoor installation; D - two-column; (3) - number of grounding blades with plates; 110 - rated voltage, kV; 1000 – rated current, kA; U - for work in areas with a temperate climate; 1 - for outdoor work.
Disconnectors are made pole-wise and are connected at the installation site into one three-pole device with the drive connected to the leading pole Rd. Two-pole and single-pole installations are also allowed. The control of the main knives Rd of this series is carried out by manual drives of the PR-U1 type, and in Rd for 110-220 kV it can also be carried out by electric motor drives of the PDN-1U1 type. To control disconnectors RND(3)-35B and RND(3)-110B, manual drives PRN-110V of vertical installation and pneumatic drives PV-20U2 of both vertical and horizontal installation are used. In pneumatic drives, manual operation of the main knives is not provided.
Rice. 7.2 - RND(3)-110(B)(U)/1000U1(KhL)
Current transformer : TFZM-110B-1U1
T - transformer; F - in a porcelain cover; D - two-column; 110 – rated voltage, kV; M - oil filled.
Transformer TFZM 110 is designed to transmit a signal of measurement information to measuring, protection, automation, signaling and control devices in electrical circuits of alternating current with a frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz, manufactured for domestic supplies, to CIS countries and for export to countries with a temperate, cold and tropical climate.
TFZM series current transformers are manufactured as single-stage for voltage 35-220kV and two-stage for voltage 500kV.
External isolation of transformers - a porcelain tire.
The main internal insulation of transformers is paper-oil. Link windings. The main insulation is located on the primary and secondary windings. The number of secondary windings is from two to five. Transformers are highly reliable in operation.
Rice. 7.3 - TFZM-110B-1U1
voltage transformer : ZNOG-110-79U3
Z - with a grounded output of the primary winding; H - voltage transformer, kV; O - single-phase; G - with gas protection; 110 – rated voltage, kV; 79 - year of design development; U - for work in areas with a temperate climate or reinforced.
Transformer ZNOG-110-79U3 is used in 110 kV switchgears with SF6 insulation to power electrical measuring instruments, protection and signaling circuits, as well as test transformers when powered from the side of the secondary windings.
Rice. 7.4 - ZNOG-110-79U3
Discharger: OPN-UHL1
O - limiter; P - overvoltages; N - non-linear; UHL - climatic version according to GOST 15150 and GOST 15543.1; 1 - placement category according to GOST 15150 and 15543.1.
Non-linear surge arresters are designed to protect electrical equipment of networks with an effectively grounded neutral of alternating current 110 kV, frequency 50 Hz from lightning and switching surges.
Surge arresters are designed for operation in conditions of placement category 1 normalized for UHL performance in accordance with GOST 15150 at an altitude of not more than 1000 m above sea level and temperature environment from -60 o C to +40 o C.
Limiters withstand wire tension in the horizontal direction of at least 500 N and wind pressure at a speed of up to 40 m/s without ice and up to 15 m/s with an ice thickness of 2 cm.
The explosion-proof current of the limiter is 40 kA.
Rice. 7.5 - OPN-UHL1
Often our attention on the road is caught by “beautiful” license plates. They are usually called thieves, because getting this can hardly be called a happy accident. Coinciding or mirror letters and numbers, as well as combinations endowed with special meaning. Everyone probably dealt with a kind of decoding of such “thieves” numbers, but in fact, many of them have a very specific background and can give a certain signal to traffic police officers and other road users. It is impossible to give an unambiguous decoding to all license plates, so the list contains the most common of them.
MOSCOW
EKH77 - numbers allocated for cars of the Federal Security Service (FSO) of the Russian Federation. A common version of the decoding of such a set of letters is the story once presented in the Autopilot magazine. According to her, wanting to add a new one to the AAA series already assigned to the FSO, the head of the service, Yuri Krapivin, turned to Boris Yeltsin, who was then president of the Russian Federation. Together they chose EKH as an abbreviation for Yeltsin+Krapivin=Good. The official decoding is considered to be "a single Kremlin economy." There is another option that has taken root among the people - "I eat as I want." Now this series can be seen infrequently.
ECX 99, ECX 97, ECX 177, SKA77 - federal Service protection of the Russian Federation.
XKX77 - partly FSB autonomer, partly sold out.
SAS77 - not found now, once belonged to the FSB.
AOO77, BOO77, MOO77, COO77 - are typical for cars that are assigned to the Office of the President.
KOO77 - Constitutional Court, private traders.
AMP97 - the series was formed as a result of the struggle with a large number of special signals. These badge plates were issued to vehicles that, regardless of ownership, retained the right to use blue lights (with the exception of the AAAFL). So, part of the series belongs to the FSB, part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and part to other structures, for example, the presidential administration.
AKP177, WKR177, EKR177, KKR177 were also issued to those who fell under the abolition of the use of blue car flashers. Of the last two episodes, probably something went to private traders.
EP177 - about 300 numbers served as a replacement for the "flag" of the State Duma. Popular decoding - "United Russia is coming."
OOO77, 99, 97, 177, 199 - now mostly private traders and merchants.
CCC77 - the series distinguishes the cars of the Courier Service, the Special Communications Center, the Ministry of Communications and structures "close" to them, and can also be used on personal vehicles. The popularly known decoding of such thieves numbers is “three Seeds”.
CCC99 - predominantly private traders.
CCC97 - GVCs and private.
MMM77, 99 - now - private traders, before the appearance of blue car numbers - the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
AAA77, 99, 97, 177, 199 - now with a high probability of private traders.
XXX99 - private traders, FSB.
KKK99 - private traders.
ННН99 - may be with tax police, STC, private traders.
Other identical letters are just "beautiful" license plates. Decryption can be done by yourself.
AMM77 - a series for personal auto and service authorities of the traffic police in the capital, previously intended for vehicles of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
*MM77 - used by the Moscow police before blue license plates appeared.
AMP77 - previously only cars of the Central Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, and now private cars of the leadership and ordinary citizens.
KMP77 - simple thieves numbers.
MMP77 - private traders, a little FSB.
PMP77 - the series corresponds to the cars of the Ministry of Justice.
TMP77 - not available in the database vehicles Department of law enforcement in closed areas and sensitive facilities, including cosmonauts and private traders.
AMO77 - Moscow administration, private traders. Initially, these license plates had one more feature: there was no tricolor, and the letters rus were voluminous.
AMO99, 97 - thieves private traders, including those directly related to the Moscow administration.
NAA99, TAA99, CAA99, XAA99 - "closed" in the databases of the series (POPIZ - upon written request).
EPE177 - deputies of the Federal Assembly, private traders (popular decoding - "United Russia Is Going").
SKO199 - Investigative Committee under the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation.
The same letters and numbers 177 are thieves, extremely common near the building of the State traffic inspectorate on Sadovaya-Samotechnaya.
Any "round" numbers, especially the first tens with two zeros at the beginning (001-009) or at the end (100, 200, ..., 900), with three identical numbers (111, 222, ..., 999), the most prestigious thieves combinations - 77777 or 99999, which have all the same digits, including the region code.
NOVOSIBIRSK REGION
AAA54 - the first hundred numbers belong to the presidential envoy, then - thieves.
ННН54 - cars of the city hall of Novosibirsk, the administration of the Novosibirsk region and the regional council. Among the townspeople, a popular decoding is "Do not touch the Novosibirsk Administration." Interestingly, the armored cars of one of the commercial banks also use NNN numbers, but Kemerovo ones.
ASK54 - FSB in the Novosibirsk region, after the 200th - thieves.
ANO54 - old series for the administration of the Novosibirsk region (used before the introduction of "NNN").
РРР54 МОР54 - "Morozov" numbers, such a decoding is associated with their introduction by the former head of the UGIBDD, Peter Morozov.
НСО54 - thieves "Yakovlevskaya" series, got its name thanks to former boss UGIBDD Vitaly Yakovlev.
MPO54 - When it was forbidden to use the letter D in the license plate series, the old MVD54 was replaced. With the advent of the head of the UGIBDD, S.V. Shtelmakh was again replaced. The following decoding dominated among the people: "The cops Disappointed, It's a shame."
OOM54 - special series of the head of the UGIBDD S. V. Shtelmakh.
MVU54 - numbers of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for the NSO.
VVV54 - a series of the head of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for the Novosibirsk region.
UVU54 - used by the police department and traffic police.
UVO54 - Department of private security at the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for the NSO.
Other series of numbers with flashing lights
VMR - government, private individuals, banks.
EEE - private individuals who have blat in the traffic police. It doesn’t even need to be deciphered, judging by the letters, the owners are satisfied.
KKH - FSB, FSO, etc.
KMM - firefighters and thieves.
OMR - the government, banks, selected private traders.
SMM - the police and the pull unit (SMM is usually deciphered as marketing in social media Well, maybe one of them really works there).
SSS - FSO, FSB, government, private individuals who have blat in the traffic police.
UMR - the government and private traders by pull.
UUU - exclusively thieves.
Deciphering thieves' license plates will help you understand a little better what is happening on the road. Take advantage re-registration of the car with the preservation of numbers if you do not want to part with your license plate when changing cars.
Disconnectors three-pole horizontally rotary series RND(Z) are designed for Unom = 35, 110, 150 and 220 kV, Inom = 1000, 2000 and 3200 A and are intended for installation on a horizontal plane, with the exception of disconnectors RND(3)-35B and RND( 3)-110B, which are designed for installation both on a vertical and on a horizontal plane
RND(Z) series disconnectors have four versions: without grounding blades, with one grounding blade on the right or left, or with two grounding blades. Insulating columns that perceive vertical and horizontal loads acting on the contact system are installed in support bearings and turn 90 degrees when disconnected. in opposite directions, turning the contact blades Pd in one direction from the axis of the pole. Disconnectors are made pole-wise and are connected at the installation site into one three-pole device with the drive connected to the leading pole Rd. Two-pole and single-pole installations are also allowed. On fig. the third pole is not shown. The control of the main knives Rd of this series is carried out by manual drives of the PR-U1 type, and in Rd for 110-220 kV it can also be carried out by electric motor drives of the PDN-1U1 type. To control disconnectors RND(3)-35B and RND(3)-110B, manual drives PRN-110V of vertical installation and pneumatic drives PV-20U2 of both vertical and horizontal installation are used. In pneumatic drives, manual operation of the main knives is not provided. Grounding knives are operated manually by means of manual PR-U1 and electric motor PDN-1U1 drives. Disconnectors for 35, 110 and 220 kV are produced both with insulation of category A and category B, and Rd for 150 kV - only category A. Disconnectors RND (3) -220U / 2000U1 due to the increased height are made according to a different scheme.
Surge arrester opn -110
The restrictor is designed to work in areas with a temperate and cold climate and industrial atmosphere with heavy pollution. external environment outdoors. The limiting upper value of the ambient temperature is plus 45°C, the lower limit is minus 60°C. Installation height of limiters - no more than 1000 m above sea level
The limiter is a protective device of a supporting or suspended design, containing zinc oxide varistors connected in series, enclosed in a sealed polymer case.
The surge arrester complies with the requirements of technical specifications TU 3414-001-59487440-2003.
Neutral earthing switch 30n-110m-u1
Grounding switches ZON-110M-I UHL1, ZON-110B-I UHL1 and ZON-110-I T1 are designed for grounding neutrals of power transformers with a current transformer in the neutral to protect against earth faults. Grounding switches ZON-110M-I UHL1, 30N-110B-II UHL1 and ZON-110-II T1 are designed for grounding neutrals of power transformers without ground fault protection.
Operating conditions of ZON-110 grounding switches
Ambient temperature from plus 40C to minus 60C (and from plus 45C to minus 10C for T1 version);
Installation height above sea level is not more than 1000 m;
Ice crust thickness up to 20 mm;
Wind speed with ice no more than 15 m/s;
Wind speed without ice no more than 40 m/s;
Wind speed for version T1 is not more than 40 m/s;
Design and operation of ZON-110 grounding conductors
By design, ZON-110 grounding switches are of the chopping type. The ZON-110 grounding switch consists of a base, an insulating column, a fixed contact and a grounding knife. The base is a corner and is intended for the installation of a ground electrode. An insulating column is attached to the base, on the upper part of which a fixed contact is established. The grounding knife is made of an aluminum pipe connected through a plate to the shaft. During operation, the grounding knife, at the end of which there is a detachable contact, is cut into a fixed contact. The contact pressure in the plug contact is provided by a spring.
Explanation of the symbol of grounding ZON-110
In the structure of the symbol of the ZON-110 earthing switch, it is accepted:
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grounding conductor; |
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Single pole; |
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outdoor installation; |
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Rated voltage; |
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Reinforced insulation; |
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Upgraded; |
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Execution option; |
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Climatic performance; |
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Technical data of ZON-110 earthing switches
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Parameter |
Unit of measurement |
ZON-110M-I UHL1 ZON-110M-II UHL1 |
ZON-110B-I UHL1 ZON-110B-II UHL1 |
ZON-110-I T1 ZON-110-II T1 |
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Rated voltage | ||||
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Maximum operating voltage | ||||
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Rated current | ||||
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Short-time electrodynamic current | ||||
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thermal current | ||||
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Thermal current flow time | ||||