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Fatal electric shocks account for 2.7% of total number deaths. The number of deaths from electric current per year in the world reaches 22-25 thousand people.
Statistics
on electrical injuries
Most accidents occur in electrical installations up to 1000 V
This is due to the fact that installations with voltages up to 1000 V are widely used, and a large number of people, as a rule, who do not have an electrical specialty, come into contact with electrical equipment.
The most common cause of electrical injury is non-compliance with electrical safety rules and the appearance of voltage where it should not be under normal conditions (on equipment cases, on metal structures of structures, etc.), which is most often caused by insulation damage
Attention!
The inability of the human body to detect an electric current before it begins to act, often leads to the fact that workers often do not realize the real danger and do not take the necessary protective measures in a timely manner. The inability of the human body to detect an electric current before it begins to act, often leads to the fact that workers often do not realize the real danger and do not take the necessary protective measures in a timely manner. The danger of electric shock is aggravated by the fact that the victim cannot help himself.
In case of inept assistance, the one who provides assistance may also suffer.
Attention!
Electric current is odorless, colorless and silent
General requirements Group I on electrical safety applies to non-electrical personnel of the company's office when using electrical equipment or electrical receivers switched on for a voltage of 220 V. Assignment of group I is carried out by instructing, testing the acquired knowledge in the form of an oral survey, if necessary, checking the acquired skills in safe ways of working or providing first aid in case of electric shock. Training and assignment to an employee I-th group on electrical safety is made when hiring him and is confirmed annually. The results of the check are recorded in a special journal of the established form.The briefing is carried out by an employee from among the electrical personnel who has the 3rd electrical safety group, appointed by order of the head of the organization.
Employees of non-electrotechnical personnel are required to know:
- Electrical hazard;
- Electrical safety requirements for the operation of office electrical receivers;
- Techniques for the release of an employee who has fallen under the influence of an electric current;
- The order of rendering first aid injured by electric current.
Work related to the connection (disconnection) of wires, prevention, repair of electrical equipment (office equipment, electrical appliances) must be performed by electrical personnel with the appropriate qualification group on electrical safety.
Persons belonging to non-electrotechnical personnel are PROHIBITED to carry out the specified work.
Attention!
Passing through the human body, an electric current can produce thermal, electrolytic, mechanical, biological effects. Causes of death from electric shock include cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and electrical shock. Passing through the human body, an electric current can produce thermal, electrolytic, mechanical, biological effects. Causes of death from electric shock include cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and electrical shock. An electric shock is the result of the biological action of current, consisting in the excitation of nerve tissues when an electric current passes through the body. There are four degrees of electric shocks depending on the outcome of the impact on the body:
- involuntary convulsive muscle contraction without loss of consciousness (light, without loss of consciousness);
- convulsive muscle contraction with loss of consciousness, but with preserved breathing and heart function;
- loss of consciousness and impaired heart activity or breathing (or both);
- state of clinical death. An electric shock may not lead to the death of a person, but cause such disorders in the body that will appear in a few hours or days (appearance of cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, absent-mindedness, weakening of memory and attention).
Employees of non-electrotechnical personnel are required to know:
Electric shock Electric shock is a severe neuro-reflex reaction of the body in response to excessive irritation with an electric current, accompanied by profound disorders of blood circulation, respiration, and metabolism. In case of shock, immediately after exposure to current, the victim enters a short-term phase of excitation, when he reacts sharply to the pain that has arisen, his blood pressure rises. This is followed by a phase of inhibition and exhaustion. nervous system, when blood pressure drops sharply, the pulse drops and quickens, breathing weakens, depression occurs. The state of shock lasts from several tens of minutes to a day.
The nature and consequences of exposure to an electric current depends on:
- resistance of the human body;
- the magnitude of the voltage and current passing through the vital organs;
- duration of current exposure;
- paths for the passage of current through the human body;
- individual properties of a person: health status;
- psychophysiological state.
Factors that significantly increase the likelihood of a fatal electric shock include:
- everything that increases the rate of the heart: fatigue, excitement, fear, taking alcohol, drugs, certain drugs, smoking, illness;
- anything that reduces skin resistance: sweating, cuts.
Percentage of total current passing through the heart:
- path hand - hand - 3.3% of the total current;
- path left arm - legs - 3.7% of the total current;
- path right arm - legs - 6.7% of the total current;
- path leg - leg - 0.4% of the total current.
Electrical safety requirements for the operation of office electrical receivers
When operating office equipment, electrical appliances and other electrical equipment, it is necessary to follow the instructions and rules set out in the instructions (technical data sheets, manuals) for the operation of the manufacturer.
Use a damaged socket, switch, cartridge, plug, etc.;
- use a damaged socket, switch, cartridge, plug, etc.;
- use the bare ends of the power cord of the devices instead of plugs;
- wipe the appliances and electrical fittings connected to the mains with a damp cloth, touch them with wet hands;
- simultaneously touch the electrical appliance and heating pipes, plumbing, housings of neighboring appliances;
- hang connecting wires, cords, cables on nails, metal objects or nail them to the wall, lay them behind pipes, pinch them with doors, window frames, etc.;
- twist, tie wires, power cords into a knot;
- remove the plug from the socket by the cord;
- use the appliance for other purposes, as well as in conditions that do not meet the requirements of the operating instructions;
- step on the cords of electrical appliances and extension cords, put any objects on them;
- carry equipment connected to the mains;
- put dishes with liquid on electrical equipment (vases with flowers, glasses with water);
- open electrical panels and cabinets, engage in switching in switchboards;
- store flammable or combustible liquids in the workplace.
- connect unknown electrical appliances to the network: they may be faulty or not designed for the mains voltage.
- exclude automatic releases (“automatic devices”) and RCDs from the circuit. In the event of a blown fuse, as well as an automatic release, it should be replaced with a new one of the same rating (current).
Not allowed:
If the plug does not hold well in the socket or heats up due to poor contact, sparks, crackles, stop using the emergency device and call a specialist.
- If the plug does not hold well in the socket or heats up due to poor contact, sparks, crackles, stop using the emergency device and call a specialist.
- It is necessary to regularly check the places where the cords exit the plug, that is, where the insulation is most often frayed and the wires are shorted.
- The bare places of the cord or wire should be carefully covered with two or three layers of insulating tape, but in no case should they be wrapped with cloth or paper.
- Electric heaters should only be used factory-made.
- Turning on and off office equipment, heating and other portable electrical appliances in the socket should be carried out using the plug, taking it by the insulated part - the block.
- Pulling the plug from the socket by the cord is unacceptable to avoid breaking the cord or exposing and shorting the wires.
- Feeling the action of an electric current when touching metal structures, you should immediately take measures to prevent people from entering the dangerous place and report this to the manager.
Safety Rules When Using Office Electrical Appliances
In the event of (detection) of malfunctions: sparking of electrical wiring, short circuit, increased noise level during equipment operation, increased heat generation from equipment, screen flickering, other malfunctions, smell of burning and smoke, power outage, etc., you should stop working, de-energize a faulty electrical appliance or office equipment. Do not start work until the troubleshooting!
Attention!
Connect more than one electric heater to the same outlet. Overloading the network with faulty protection can lead to premature drying of the insulation and fire of the wires.
Filling of electric heaters, teapots, coffee pots and other containers should be done with the device turned off to avoid electric shock due to simultaneous connection with the ground (through a tap) and the body of the appliance.
Forbidden
In case of electric shock to a person, it is necessary to assess the situation and protect yourself so as not to get energized yourself, quickly and carefully release the victim from the effects of current by turning off the device, installing it with the nearest switch, and unplugging the plug from the outlet.
- In case of electric shock to a person, it is necessary to assess the situation and protect yourself so as not to get energized yourself, quickly and carefully release the victim from the effects of current by turning off the device, installing it with the nearest switch, and unplugging the plug from the outlet.
- Break the current circuit (in electrical installations up to 1000 V) by cutting the wire using tools with insulated handles (knife, wire cutters, etc.).
- If it is impossible to turn off the installation to release the victim from the effects of electric current, it is necessary to separate him from the current-carrying parts.
The human body conducts current in the same way as an electrical wire.
Attention!
If the victim squeezed one of the wires, it is possible to break the electrical circuit through the victim, separating him not from the wire, but from the grounded parts. To do this, slip a dry board, plywood under the victim or pull his legs off the ground with a dry rope. If the victim squeezed one of the wires, it is possible to break the electrical circuit through the victim, separating him not from the wire, but from the grounded parts. To do this, slip a dry board, plywood under the victim or pull his legs off the ground with a dry rope.
Techniques for the release of an employee who has fallen under the influence of electric current
You can’t touch the exposed parts of the victim’s body with your bare hands, you can only touch the dry parts of his clothes, but it’s better to wrap your hand with a dry cloth, take the victim by the clothes and pull him away from the current-carrying parts. If possible, use dielectric protective equipment (gloves, boots, mats) for this.
Attention!
After the release of the victim from the action of electric current, it is necessary to assess his condition. After the release of the victim from the action of electric current, it is necessary to assess his condition.
- Lay the victim on his back on a hard surface;
- Check if the victim is breathing (determined by the rise of the chest);
- Check if the victim has a pulse; The victim's lack of consciousness, breathing, pulse, and the presence of such signs as bluish color of the skin or dilated pupils may indicate that the victim is in a state of clinical death. In this case, it is necessary to immediately start resuscitation measures.
The procedure for providing pre-medical
assistance to the victim from the action of electric current
First of all, you must immediately call a doctor. Only a doctor can finally determine the state of health of the victim!
Attention!
The duration of clinical death is approximately 4–8 minutes. After this time, the death of brain cells occurs, leading to the irreversible cessation of biological processes in the body, the disintegration of protein structures - biological death.
Attention!
If the victim is conscious, but before that he was unconscious, he should be laid on dry objects, unfasten his clothes, create an influx of fresh air, warm the body in cold weather or provide coolness on a hot day, create complete rest, continuously monitoring the pulse and breathing before the paramedics arrive. If the victim is conscious, but before that he was unconscious, he should be laid on dry objects, unfasten his clothes, create an influx of fresh air, warm the body in cold weather or provide coolness on a hot day, create complete rest, continuously monitoring the pulse and breathing before the paramedics arrive. If the victim is unconscious, it is necessary to observe his breathing and, if it is disturbed, to ensure the implementation of resuscitation measures. In a pre-fainting state (complaints of dizziness, nausea, tightness in the chest, darkening in the eyes), the victim should be laid down with his head slightly lower than the body, since when fainting, blood is drained from the brain. It is necessary to unbutton the clothes on the victim, provide an influx of fresh air, give cold water to drink and give a sniff of ammonia. The same should be done if fainting has already occurred. If it is impossible to call a doctor to the scene of the accident, it is necessary to ensure the transportation of the victim to the nearest medical institution. It is possible to transport the victim only with satisfactory breathing and a steady pulse. If the condition of the victim does not allow him to be transported, it is necessary to continue to provide assistance.
The procedure for providing first aid to the victim from the action of electric current
electrical safety
Do not forget: electricity not only makes our life easier, but in a certain situation it threatens it.
Performed:
Aristova V.A.,
teacher of OSAPOU "BSK"
There is no safe current!
A person, touching the current-carrying parts of electrical installations and uninsulated wires under voltage, is included in the electrical circuit. Under the influence of voltage, an electric current flows through his body, which disrupts the normal functioning of the body, which causes convulsions, burns, breathing stops and the heart stops. The person dies or becomes disabled.
Basic electrical safety rules
Electricity is an invisible danger
It is invisible, imperceptible, tasteless and odorless, but it IS
The voltage at 12V (volts) is already dangerous for humans
Annually
from electric shock
more than died in the world
40 thousand people
Electricity at home
- Independently repair electrical wiring and electrical appliances
- Use faulty household appliances
- If, upon touching the device, you feel a tingling or tingling sensation, then the device is faulty and is under voltage.
NECESSARY:
- Switch off the damaged device immediately
- Warn others of the danger
Basic Rules electrical safety
If you find sagging wires or broken power lines
IT IS FORBIDDEN:
Touch broken wires and approach closer than 8 - 10 m. Step voltage is deadly!
Play close to broken lines
NECESSARY immediately inform adults about the place of the break
DO NOT PLAY under power lines and DO NOT THROW on wires, wires and other objects
DO NOT OPEN doors of switchboards, power cabinets, doors of transformer substations
Electrical Safety Rules!
DO NOT INCLUDE immediately all electrical appliances into the socket. Network overload can cause a short circuit
DO NOT RUN with friends on the roofs - there may be live wires
electric shock - damage to the body by electric current, in which the excitation of living tissues is accompanied by convulsive muscle contraction
- electrical injury I degree - convulsive muscle contraction without loss of consciousness;
- electrical injury II degree - convulsive muscle contraction with loss of consciousness;
- electrical injury III degree - loss of consciousness and dysfunction of cardiac activity or respiration (it is possible both);
- electrical injury IV degree - clinical death.
Safe for humans considered: alternating current up to 10 mA direct current - up to 50 mA
The severity of electrical damage depends on many factors: the resistance of the body, the magnitude, duration of action, the type and frequency of the current, its path in the body, environmental conditions.
Electrical burn various degrees - a consequence of short circuits in electrical installations and the stay of the body (usually hands) in the sphere of light (ultraviolet) and thermal (infrared) influence of an electric arc
Exemption from the action of electric current
The provider of assistance must first of all release the victim from the action of the current on him: turn off the power if possible.
- wherein simultaneously persons not participating in the provision of assistance to the victim should immediately :
- call a doctor medical unit or ambulance;
- delete from the point of care strangers ;
- create maximum illumination as well as fresh air supply
Danger electric shock is a violation of the activity of the respiratory organs and the cardiovascular system .
First of all necessary , do the following:
- lay the victim on his back on a hard surface
- check, does he have breathing and pulse ;
- examine the pupil(narrow or wide). Wide badge points to a sharp deterioration in the blood supply to the brain.
After that, you need to start providing first aid:
If the victim is conscious, but before that he was fainting or under current for a long time, he must be carefully placed in a comfortable position, covered warmly, and ensure complete rest until the doctor arrives. And, without losing vigilance, continuously monitor breathing and pulse
If the victim is unconscious, but stable breathing and pulse have been preserved, he should be comfortably laid down, unbuttoned the collar, belt and clothes, provided fresh air and complete rest, give the victim to smell ammonia and sprinkle it with water
If the victim breathing badly- rarely, convulsively, as if sobbing - it is necessary to do artificial respiration and cardiac massage .
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
Class hour on the prevention of children's electrical injuries "Electrical safety at home and on the street"
2 slide
Description of the slide:
Goals class hour: 1. to generalize and expand the knowledge of schoolchildren about electricity; 2. form ideas about how electricity affects the human body; 3. fix the rules for the safe handling of electrical appliances.
3 slide
Description of the slide:
Guys! You know well what important role plays electricity in our lives. It gives us light, heat, sets in motion various mechanisms that facilitate human work. Electricity has taken such a strong place in our lives that now it is simply impossible to do without it. She is our indispensable assistant. But, providing great help to people, electricity is fraught with mortal danger for those who do not know or neglect the rules of electrical safety, handling household appliances, violates the rules of behavior near power facilities. Any electrical installation is a danger to human life. ATTENTION! ELECTRICITY DANGEROUS!
4 slide
Description of the slide:
Electrical installations are equipment used by power engineers, and everything that surrounds us in everyday life is electrical appliances. A person, touching the current-carrying parts of electrical installations and uninsulated wires under voltage, becomes involved in the electrical circuit. Under the influence of voltage, an electric current flows through his body, which disrupts the normal functioning of the body, due to which convulsions occur, breathing stops and the heart stops working. When overheating of certain parts of the body, severe burns occur. The person dies or becomes disabled. Electrical installations are equipment used by power engineers, and everything that surrounds us in everyday life is electrical appliances. ATTENTION! ELECTRICITY DANGEROUS!
5 slide
Description of the slide:
The greater the amount of current flowing through the body, the more dangerous it is! The magnitude of the current is greater, the higher the voltage under which the person turned out to be. The safe voltage is 12 volts. Most widely used in industry agriculture and everyday life received electrical networks with a voltage of 220 - 380 volts (220 volts - for lighting and household appliances, 380 volts - for three-phase electric motors). This voltage is very dangerous for humans. The greatest number of deaths occurs with people who are under voltage of 220 - 380 volts. ATTENTION! ELECTRICITY DANGEROUS!
6 slide
Description of the slide:
7 slide
Description of the slide:
The effect of electric current on the human body The danger of electric current lies in the fact that a person does not have special sense organs to detect electric current at a distance. Electric current is odorless, colorless and operates silently. It is impossible to feel without special devices whether a given part of the electrical installation is energized or not. This leads to the fact that people often do not realize the real danger and do not take the necessary protective measures. ATTENTION! ELECTRICITY DANGEROUS!
8 slide
Description of the slide:
Electric current, passing through the human body, has a biological, electrolytic, mechanical and thermal effect. The thermal effect is manifested in the form of burns of the skin of the body, overheating of various organs, as well as ruptures of blood vessels and nerve fibers resulting from overheating. The electrolytic action is expressed in the decomposition of an organic liquid, including blood, which is accompanied by significant disturbances in their physicochemical composition. The biological effect is manifested in irritation and excitation of living tissues of the body, as well as in violation of internal bioelectrical processes, which leads to involuntary convulsive muscle contractions, disorders of the nervous system, respiratory and circulatory organs. In this case, fainting, loss of consciousness, speech disorder, convulsions, respiratory failure (up to a stop) can be observed. The mechanical action is manifested in the occurrence of pressure in the blood vessels and tissues of the body when blood and other fluids are heated, as well as displacement and mechanical stress tissues as a result of involuntary muscle contraction and exposure to electrodynamic forces. ATTENTION! ELECTRICITY DANGEROUS!
9 slide
Description of the slide:
Of great importance in the outcome of the defeat is the path traversed by the current in the human body. The defeat will be more severe if the heart, chest, brain and spinal cord are in the path of the current. The most dangerous paths for the passage of current through a person are: arm-legs, arm-arm. The immediate causes of death of a person struck by an electric current are the cessation of the heart, respiratory arrest due to paralysis of the chest muscles and electric shock. The most unfavorable outcome of an electric shock to a person will be in cases where the touch occurred with wet hands in a damp or hot room. ATTENTION! ELECTRICITY DANGEROUS!
10 slide
Description of the slide:
11 slide
Description of the slide:
Rules for handling electrical appliances at home ATTENTION! ELECTRICITY DANGEROUS!
12 slide
Description of the slide:
Rules of conduct on the street near power facilities Power facilities are overhead and cable power lines, substations, transformer substations, distribution points. Overhead power lines with a voltage of 35, 110 kilovolts and above are responsible for the power supply of cities and towns. Overhead and cable power lines with a voltage of 6, 10 kilovolts are responsible for power supply within cities and towns, as well as rural settlements. Power lines with a voltage of 380 volts provide electricity to apartment buildings, and 220 volts - individual apartments. Substations are divided into high-voltage substations - 35 kilovolts and above and transformer substations with a voltage of 6, 10 kilovolts. Substations are designed to reduce the voltage in the AC network and to distribute electricity. Transformer substations are located in every settlement and, due to their ubiquity, pose a particular danger to the population! All power facilities carry a real danger to life! ATTENTION! ELECTRICITY DANGEROUS!
13 slide
Description of the slide:
Warning signs about the danger of electric shock To prevent accidental entry into electrical installations, and thereby prevent electric shock to people, there are special warning signs and posters. They are hung out or applied to the supports of overhead power lines of any voltage, the doors of various electrical panels in which electrical equipment is located, on fences and fences that enclose electrical installations. The presence of such signs implies a ban on the entry of the population into electrical installations or climbing to the support of power lines. Signs warn a person about the danger of electric shock. It is unacceptable to neglect them, and even more so to remove and pluck them. ATTENTION! ELECTRICITY DANGEROUS!
14 slide
Description of the slide:
Warning signs about danger of electric shock Prohibiting posters Warning signs and posters Mandatory posters Index poster ATTENTION! ELECTRICITY DANGEROUS!
15 slide
Description of the slide:
A large number of accidents involving electric shock occur as a result of touching wires, including slack ones, and approaching or touching broken wires lying on the ground. Even after a break, the wire may be energized. At the same time, the electric current begins to "drain" into the ground, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe ground around the wire is under an electric potential, and the farther from the point of contact of the wire with the ground, the lower the potential. ATTENTION! ELECTRICITY DANGEROUS!
16 slide
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 3 Electrical safety group I for non-electrical personnel is assigned after an annual test of knowledge of safe methods of working with electrical equipment (within the scope of work performed) by a person with an electrical safety group of at least III. INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSIGNING 1 GROUP ON ELECTRICAL SAFETY TO NON-ELECTRICAL PERSONNEL
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 4 Approximately 50% of electric shock accidents occur while on the job. Statistics
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 5 Feature 1: Electricity is invisible and odorless. Feature 2: electric current acts not only at the points of contact, but also disrupts the activity of organs (cardiovascular system, respiratory system). 3 feature: damage through an electric arc or the possibility of electrical injury when moving on the ground (floor) near a damaged electrical installation. Dangerous features of electric current
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 6 Minimal concepts and terms electrical energy and converting it into another type of energy Electrotechnical personnel Maintenance, repair, management of the operating mode of electrical installations Non-electrotechnical personnel Production personnel, not falling under the definition of "electrotechnical" personnel
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 7 Ultimate admissible value AC 0.3 mA. At 0.6-1.6 mA - slight hand trembling. At 8-10 mA, the muscles of the hand (in which the conductor is clamped) contract, the person is not able to free himself from the action of the current. At mA or more - fibrillation (flutter) of the heart. An electrical current of 100 mA or more is lethal. The general reaction of the body depends on its value Current strength A V Ohm
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 8 The human body conducts electricity The resistance of the human body consists of three components: 1- skin resistance (at the contact points), 2- internal organs, 3- vessels. human body resistance
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 9 The main drag value is leather. When the skin is moistened and damaged at the points of contact, its resistance drops sharply. The resistance of the skin is greatly reduced with increasing density and area of contact. At voltage B, an electrical breakthrough of the upper layer of the skin occurs. human body resistance
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 10 depends on the duration of the electric shock. For example, electric eels and rays can cause unconsciousness. But having a voltage of 600 V, with a current strength of 1 A, they are not capable of causing a fatal shock, since the duration of the discharge is too short - on the order of several tens of microseconds.
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 11 Prolonged exposure to electric current reduces skin resistance. A person can withstand an alternating current value of 100 mA if the duration of current exposure does not exceed 0.5 seconds. Residual current devices (RCDs) have been developed that provide shutdown of the electrical installation in no more than 0.20 seconds. The severity of the lesion
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 12 People who are sick and weak, and those who are depressed, nervous or intoxicated are more sensitive to the effects of electric current. The severity of the lesion
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 15 In a right arm-leg injury, 6.7% of the total electrical current passes through the human heart. With the leg-to-leg path, only 0.4% of the total current passes through the human heart. 0.4% 6.7% Electric current path through the human body
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 16 If a person stands on the ground in an area where electric current flows, voltage will be generated along the stride length and electric current will flow through his body. Above 1000V, the step voltage zone is 8-10m. Under 1000V, the step voltage zone is 5-8m.
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 18 turn on the electrical equipment by inserting a working plug into a working socket; do not transfer electrical equipment to persons who do not have the right to work with it; Electrical safety measures at work and at home
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 19 if during operation a malfunction of electrical equipment is detected or the person working with it feels even a slight effect of the current, work must be stopped and the faulty equipment must be handed over for inspection or repair; always turn off electrical equipment during breaks and at the end of work Electrical safety measures at work and at home
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 21 When working on a computer, plug the PC into the mains, observing the following sequence: -voltage stabilizer (if used), -uninterruptible power supply, -peripheral devices (printer, monitor, scanner and etc.), -system unit; Electrical safety measures at work and at home
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 22 touch panels with equipment connectors, cable connectors; reduce the ingress of moisture on the surface of the equipment; independently open and repair equipment; do not wipe dust on the switched on equipment During operation, you must not: Electrical safety measures at work and at home
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 23 Completely turn off the electricity in the room, unplug the power cord. If this is not possible: - to protect yourself - stand on insulating material (rubber mat, dry board, dry books or a pack of dry paper); – pull the victim out with a non-conductive electric current object (dry wooden mop, board, using a loop made of rope, towel, scarf, etc.) First aid in case of electric shock
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 24 You can pull the casualty by the clothes (if they are dry and loose from the body), while avoiding touching the surrounding metal objects and exposed parts of the victim's body. You need to act with one hand, the other should be in your pocket or behind your back! Next, you need to drag the victim to a safe place. First aid for electric shock
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 26 First health care should be provided in the first 2-3 minutes After a few hours, a drop in cardiac activity may occur A week after the injury, peripheral vascular disorders may be detected Even with a slight electric shock, the victim should consult a doctor First aid for electric shock
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 27 Statistics show that up to 92% of the victims can be saved by using methods of resuscitation in the first 2 minutes after the onset of clinical death. First aid for electric shock
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 28 Before the ambulance arrives: – bring the victim to his senses if he is unconscious by pressing on the pain point; - if breathing stops, immediately start artificial respiration and chest compressions until the doctor arrives. First aid for electric shock
Name of chairman Driving Excellence in SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 29 The victim must be given complete rest, not allowed to move, as the condition may worsen due to burns of internal organs and tissues. The consequences of internal burns may appear during the first day or the next week. First aid for electric shock
Causes of electric shock Touching live parts under voltage; Touching the disconnected parts of the equipment on which voltage may occur: – in the event of a residual charge; – in case of erroneous switching on of the electrical installation or uncoordinated actions service personnel; – in the event of a lightning discharge into or near the electrical installation; - touching metal non-current-carrying parts or associated electrical equipment (housings, casings, fences) after the voltage has transferred to them from live parts (the occurrence of an emergency breakdown on the housing). Damage by step voltage or a person being in the field of electric current spreading, in the event of a ground fault. Damage through an electric arc at a voltage of an electrical installation above 1 kV, when approaching an unacceptably small distance. The action of atmospheric electricity during lightning discharges. Releasing a stressed person.
Causes of electrical injuries A person cannot remotely determine whether the installation is energized or not. The current that flows through the human body affects the body not only at the points of contact and along the current flow path, but also on such systems as the circulatory, respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The possibility of electrical injury occurs not only when touched, but also through the step voltage.
The effect of electric current on the human body Electric current, flowing through the human body, produces a thermal, electrolytic, biological, mechanical effect. Common electrical injuries include an electric shock, in which the process of excitation of various muscle groups can lead to convulsions, respiratory arrest and cardiac activity. Cardiac arrest is associated with fibrillation - a chaotic contraction of individual fibers of the heart muscle (fibrils). Local electrical injuries include burns, electric signs, skin plating, mechanical damage, electrophthalmia (eye inflammation as a result of exposure to ultraviolet rays of an electric arc).
The nature of the impact of currents on the human body: ~ 50 Hz constant 1. Non-releasing mA mA 2. Fibrillation 100 mA 300 mA 3. Perceptible current 0.6-1.5 mA 5-7 mA 4. The current is considered acceptable, at which a person can independently break free from the electrical circuit
Maximum permissible levels (MPL) of contact voltage and current strength in emergency mode of electrical installations according to GOST: Kind and frequency of currentNorm. val.PDU, at t, s 0.01 - 0.08 over 1 Variable f = 50 Hz UDIDUDID 650 V 36 V 6 mA
Classification of premises according to the danger of electric shock (PUE) Class I premises. Particularly dangerous premises. (100% humidity; the presence of a chemically active environment or more than 2 factors of class 2) Class II premises. Areas of increased risk of electric shock. (one of the following factors are present:- increased temperature air (t = + 35 C); - high humidity (> 75%); - the presence of conductive dust; - the presence of conductive floors; - the possibility of touching at the same time to email. installation and to grounding or to two el. settings at the same time. Premises III class. Less dangerous areas. There are no features characteristic of the two previous classes. 75%); - the presence of conductive dust; - the presence of conductive floors; - the possibility of touching at the same time to email. installation and to grounding or to two el. settings at the same time. Premises III class. Less dangerous areas. There are no signs characteristic of the two previous classes."> 
Grounding resistance according to PUE PUE: grounding resistance should not exceed: in U installations 1000 V with an effectively grounded neutral (with low ground fault currents I out of 1000 V with an isolated neutral - 250 / I out, but not more than 10 Ohm; in U installations > 1000 V with isolated neutral, if the grounding device is simultaneously used for electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V, - 125 / Iz, but not more than 10 Ohm (or 4 Ohm, if required for installations up to 1000 V). 1000 V with effectively grounded neutral (with low earth fault currents Iz 1000 V with isolated neutral - 250/Iz, but not more than 10 Ohm; in installations U > 1000 V with isolated neutral, if the grounding device is simultaneously used for electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V, - 125 / Iz, but not more than 10 ohms (or 4 ohms, if required for installations up to 1000 V)."> 
Grounding Grounding is designed to eliminate the risk of electric shock in case of a short circuit to the body of electrical installations operating under voltage up to 1000 V in three-phase four-wire networks with a solidly grounded neutral. Grounding is the intentional connection of metal non-current-carrying parts of equipment that may be energized with a zero protective conductor. Zeroing turns the breakdown to the case into a short circuit and contributes to the flow of high current through the network protection devices and to the quick disconnection of damaged equipment from the network.
Protective equipment The main insulating electrical protective equipment is able to withstand the operating voltage of the electrical installation for a long time. in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V - dielectric gloves, tools with insulating handles and voltage indicators up to 1000 V; electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V - insulating rods, insulating and electrical clamps, as well as voltage indicators above 1000 V. Additional insulating electrical protective equipment has insufficient electrical strength and cannot independently protect a person from electric shock. Their purpose is to enhance the protective effect of the main isolating means. in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V - dielectric galoshes, rugs and insulating stands; in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V - dielectric gloves, boots, mats, insulating stands
Posters and safety signs Warning: Stop! Tension, Don't get in! Kill, Test! Life threatening; Prohibiting: Do not include! People are working, Do not turn on! Work on the line, Do not open! People work, Work under stress! Do not re-enable; Prescriptive: Work here, Bury here; Forefingers: Grounded
