Opening of an outreach store. Opening an outreach store How will we register at home

30.01.2019 15:41:00

Since January 2019, a new Federal Law No. 217-FZ of July 29, 2017 “On the conduct of horticulture and horticulture by citizens for their own needs and on amendments to certain legislative acts” came into force in Russia Russian Federation”, which affected 60 million of our citizens who have summer cottages and garden plots.
What changes have they faced since January of this year?
The new law, instead of the previous nine, defines only two types of partnerships: horticultural non-profit partnerships (SNT) and horticultural non-profit partnerships (ONT)
In this regard, from January 1, 2019, partnerships must adopt a new version of the Charter, in which it is desirable to state that “the reorganization of the partnership is carried out in connection with the new Federal Law No. 217 and that the partnership is the successor of the previous one.” This is necessary so that all the documents that they previously received are valid in the future.
There is no deadline for amending the Articles of Association. If earlier in one territory there could be several legal entities - non-profit associations, then new law establishes the principle of territorial subordination: one territory - one partnership. Governing bodies - Chairman of the Board, audit committee elected for a term of five years. The number of members of the board is established - at least three people, but not more than 5% of the number of members of the partnership.
The general meeting also takes place in a new way. It is necessary to notify about the day at least two weeks in advance, not only members of partnerships, but also all owners of land plots (if it comes to contributions and property common use).
If it is planned to approve the estimate, the Charter and another document, then the partnership is obliged to familiarize them with the draft documents no later than seven days before the date of the general meeting.
To notify of the general meeting, it is advisable to open the official website of the partnership. All materials published in it will be considered proper notices.
If the partnership does not have an electronic website, then draft estimates, meeting agendas with the date of their holding must be posted in prominent places of the partnership (gatehouses) and photographed, otherwise such a meeting may be canceled by a court due to improper notification of its holding.
Owners or right holders of garden and garden plots of land located within the boundaries of the territory of horticulture and horticulture can be accepted as members of the partnership.
Exclusion from the members of the partnership is made in connection with non-payment of contributions for more than two months, unless another period is provided by the Charter.
The chairman of the partnership, no later than two months before the day of the general meeting at which it is planned to expel someone, is obliged to send a warning to him about the elimination of the debt by registered mail with notice or to his email address.
The number of founders of the partnership must be at least seven. Common property will be in the common shared ownership of the owners of land plots located within the boundaries of the partnership, in proportion to the area of ​​these plots.
As for building on land, under the new SNT law, it is allowed to build houses no higher than three floors up (not higher than 20 meters) and one floor down.
The size of a residential building must comply with the parameters of individual housing construction, and must be firmly connected to the land, the movement of which is impossible without causing irreparable damage to it.
Sheds, greenhouses, wells, etc. now they are not registered, gardeners have the right only to technical construction.
However, today millions of gardeners have already built country houses on their land plots, the previous law allowed them to do this. What should they do today?
If at the moment the house is entered in the real estate register (EGRN), then nothing threatens it, and if it is not entered, then this must be done before 03/01/2019, otherwise it may be recognized as unauthorized construction.
In addition, the so-called "Country Amnesty" has been extended until December 31, 2020, so that citizens have time and ways to register both their houses and land plots.
And another option for gardeners on whose plots houses have already been built is to re-register their partnership in 2019 as a horticultural non-profit partnership (SNT).
What difficulties can citizens expect?
In my opinion, this will be connected, firstly, with the timing of paperwork and the timely registration of houses in Rossreestr, and secondly, with the transition to a new non-cash system for paying membership and earmarked dues by citizens through bank branches to settlement accounts of the partnership.
In the new law on SNT and ONT, article 14 part 3 states that “ membership fee are paid by the members of the partnership in the manner prescribed by the Charter of the partnership to the current account”, i.e. not at the cash desk in cash as before. From January 1, 2019, members of partnerships are required to pay contributions by bank transfer to the settlement account of partnerships by transfer Money from card to card or through a bank.
I think that in connection with the transition to new system Many members of the partnership, who are elderly people, to whom postmen bring pensions to their homes and they do not know how to use bank cards, may face inconvenience in paying membership fees.
In addition, as a result of the introduction of this article, contributions from members of the partnership may increase, because. it is necessary to pay for the production of receipts with the details of partnerships, as well as for servicing a bank account. Thus, additional costs can hit the pockets of members of partnerships.
However, article 14, part 3 of the above law, in my opinion, contradicts article 861 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (CC), which states: “settlements with the participation of citizens that are not related to their implementation entrepreneurial activity can be made in cash, without limiting the amount or in a non-cash manner.
According to Article 15, part 1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (on the rule of law), the Civil Code of the Russian Federation stands above the law on horticulture and horticulture. In this regard, I believe that the legislator needs to eliminate the contradictions in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Federal Law 217 of July 29, 2017 and bring them in line with the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Nikolai Grachev

Guide: “Opening a country store and organizing a traveling trade in gardening and country goods” (Opening a country store)

Who is this business for?
— Features of trading
— Minimum investment
- Conclusion
Project financing scheme
- Sources of financing
- How to get a loan
- Loan amount
Technical base project
- Store location
— Outbound trade tools
Legal Issues
- The procedure for registering an individual entrepreneur
— UTII
- Conclusion
Product
— Products that are in demand only during the planting season
— Goods of the summer (cottage) season
— All-season goods
- Products self made
- Where and how to buy goods?
Recruitment
— Requirements for the seller of gardening goods
- Where to find a seller for the store?
— Where can I find a salesperson for outbound sales?
- Establishing relationships with vendors
Organization of the store
— Organization engineering systems
- Drawing up a work schedule
— Product presentation
Outbound trade
- Drawing up a route map
– Determination of the work schedule
— Product range
Accounting and control system
Conclusion

How to start a store or who is this business suitable for?

We are planning - outbound trade in villages

Any private business- not for the lazy. Trade in gardening goods outside the city is seriously different from most trade enterprises. Therefore, it is very important to understand the main features of this type of activity:

1. Seasonal nature of trade. All garden and country products are in high demand during the warm season: from mid-March to the end of October. This interval, in turn, is divided into periods of "peak" buying activity, which occur at the beginning of the planting season and pre-winter soil preparation. During the cold season, trade may be "frozen" or kept at a minimum level - depending on each specific situation;

2. The need for parallel operation of several outlets. Drawing up a "flexible" work schedule for staff - required condition successful operation of the enterprise. During periods of increased demand for gardening and country goods, you need to be prepared for the hard work of the store and several outreach outlets at the same time;

3. The need to have specialized knowledge. Or an assistant consultant who is well versed in all matters related to the cultivation of horticultural crops. A differentiated approach to the composition of the goods and a competent determination of its quantity are very important here. You should have a good idea: what products, at what stage and in what quantity? will be in demand. This not only minimizes transport and storage costs, but also allows you to quickly gain regular customers.

Having dealt with the specifics of the work, you need to clearly define your role in it. Will you only lead the process or will you stand at the counter yourself - a lot depends on this.

Now about money. It is important to understand what amounts you can operate with.

Minimum investment

As in most such enterprises, there is no "upper bar" in the trade in gardening and country goods that limits its scope. However, there is a minimum amount of funds that will be needed for the initial (one-time) investment and during the first season of business operation.

The minimum "starter package" includes:

• Registration individual entrepreneur(IP) - about 5,000 rubles;
• Rent of premises (warehouse, shop) depending on the area and location - from 50,000 rubles. in year;
• Purchase of the first batch of goods - 100,000 rubles.
• The seller's salary and overhead costs - 30,000 rubles. per month or 210,000 rubles. during the season of active trading.

These calculations are very approximate. They only give general concept financing policies and can be seriously different for each region of the Russian Federation.

Summarizing all of the above, let's summarize.

So, in order to open your own store and organize an exit trade in gardening and country goods, you will need:

• For a year (at least) forget about relaxing on the beach and trips to resorts;
• Be prepared for hard work on weekends and holidays;
• Understand the specifics of the product;
• Find funds for a start-up investment.

If you are ready to accept all these conditions, you can safely proceed to the search for start-up capital.

Project financing scheme

In small businesses, there is an opinion that such a thing as opening one or two outlets does not need pre-planning. This opinion is not only erroneous, but also fraught with serious problems at all stages of activity.

As practice shows, the most common troubles caused by the lack of a clear plan are the lack of funds and conflicts between partners (if any). To avoid these and many other complications, we recommend that you carefully consider the project financing scheme.

Source of financing

There may be several options:

• Use of own funds;
• Opening a bank loan;
• Attracting business partners on strictly defined conditions.

With the first case, everything is clear: you assume all the risks and fully manage the income from the enterprise.

The second option should also not raise questions - all lending conditions are set out in the relevant agreement with the bank.

Difficulties arise in the case of organizing a third method of financing. We advise you to exclude in advance all options for “trusting” financial relationships, even if close relatives and friends act as partners.

The situation when “I will give you 10 thousand - you will return it when you can” is attractive only at first glance. As soon as your "benefactor" himself begins to need these several thousand, he will come to you. And it’s not a fact that, together with “their own”, they will not require interest.

Furthermore. As soon as your business starts to bring visible and fairly significant results, most lenders will do the math. And they will easily see that the ten thousand they invested brought you X% of the annual income.

How to apply for a loan?

On the territory of the Russian Federation, there are several ways to legally formalize financial relations with an individual. The simplest of them are a loan agreement and a bill of exchange.

Loan agreement

Notarization of this document is not required. But. If the loan amount exceeds a thousand rubles, according to the law, the contract must be drawn up on paper. If at the same time interest is not directly indicated in it, and the loan amount is less than 5,000 rubles, then such an agreement is automatically considered gratuitous.

In the case when it comes to serious amounts, we strongly recommend that you draw up the most detailed contract with the definition of all the conditions for repaying the debt and interest on it. After that, it is necessary to certify the document with a notary, preferably in the presence of two witnesses, indicating their passport data.

bill of exchange

Unlike a loan agreement, a bill of exchange is security. This means that it can be transferred to third parties or sold. It is clear that the registration of relations with a bill of exchange is more attractive for the lender.

Therefore, before deciding on this method of obtaining a loan, you should carefully study the "Regulations on a transfer and promissory note" - one of the oldest Russian documents in the field of law.

Loan amount

It is determined individually in each specific case. We have already talked about the minimum amount of investment - it is about 400-500 thousand rubles. depending on the region.

Further, everything depends on your ambitions, ability to work and the capabilities of the lender. The rule is simple: the more stores you open, the higher their total income will be, the more work you have to do. Our advice: start small. Let it be one stationary store and one or two exit outlets.

IMPORTANT: Please note that we first choose the maximum possible investment amount, and only then we look for ways to rational use! This approach to organizing a small business is most effective. Starting from a specific figure, it will be easier for you to “closely fit” all expenditure items into it. It can be compared to going to the store. If you pay in cash, you will never spend more than you have in your wallet. If at hand bank card, then the purchase amount often exceeds all predicted results.

So. Having resolved the issue of where to get money from and in what quantity, you can begin to draw up a plan for their investment.

Features of opening stores in 2014. Technical base of the project

For one store and one or two outlets, you will definitely need:

• Premises for storing stocks of products - a warehouse;
• Commercial premises - shop;
• Car, folding table, stand or rack.

It is best to combine a store with a warehouse. You can even organize a warehouse store - a cost-effective and technically convenient solution for out-of-town trade.

Store location

An ideal option when a store with a warehouse is located on the territory of a large dacha cooperative or cottage village.

Opening a country store (cottage store), as well as organizing outreach trade at this store is not an easy task for an entrepreneur, but it can be solved if it is approached with all responsibility and knowledge.

The cost of renting such premises is much lower than in any regional center. At the same time, all potential buyers will be right next to you.

With a minimal cost of rent, such outlets quickly become known throughout the district without the use of additional advertising tools.

The third option is to rent part of an existing commercial premises. The cost of such a lease is somewhat higher, but this is offset by the lack of need independent organization engineering systems.

In addition, the flow of regular visitors to an already "promoted" store quickly brings the first customers.

Store opening template. Application:

Outbound trading tools. Mobile shops for exit trade, issue price.

The most common and simplest solution for outbound sales is selling goods directly from the car.

Everything you need for outbound sales: cash machine, mobile shops, trailers and light pavilions must be purchased in advance and kept in constant readiness.

In this case, you will not need anything other than the seller and the product itself. But this option is only possible when there is only one exit point or you have several cars at your disposal.

In other cases, you will have to use additional equipment: a folding table, a chair and, possibly, a presentation stand.
The cost of such a kit is low and varies between 1-2 thousand rubles.

Having general idea about the location of the store and the principle of organizing outbound trade, it is important to properly prepare legal confirmation of the legality of their activities.

Documents for opening a store, legal issues and a legal platform for trade in gardening and country goods

To begin with, we will immediately exclude from consideration the options for organizing an LLC, JSC, JV and other legal entities. All this is interesting, but difficult, troublesome and expensive. your small business goes along the path of least resistance. In the context of legislation, this is individual entrepreneurship (hereinafter referred to as IP).

1. The procedure for registering an individual entrepreneur

Before registering an individual entrepreneur, be sure to read the Federal Law on state registration legal entities and individual entrepreneurs!

You must bring the following documents to the administration located at the place of your official residence:

• Application for registration;
• A photocopy of significant pages of the passport;
• Original receipt for payment of state duty in the amount of 800 rubles;
• Certificate of tax registration.

Within 5 days, the registration authority is obliged to issue you a certificate of registration and an extract from unified register IP. After receiving these documents in your hands, you must independently obtain a medical policy and become statistically registered. The information will be automatically transferred to the pension fund.

IMPORTANT: on the official website of the Federal Tax Service since January 9, 2013, the online registration service for individual entrepreneurs has been opened - https://service.nalog.ru/zgreg/ . A resident of any region of the Russian Federation can use the service. The whole procedure takes 30 minutes and does not require digital signature. You will only have to pick up a certificate of registration in the local authorities.

Be especially careful when drawing up an application for registration! In order to minimize financial costs and communication with fiscal services, your list should consist only of those activities that are subject to taxation single tax on imputed income (UTII).

2. UTII

Retail trade in gardening and country goods falls into the list of activities for which UTII is provided. What does it give you and what does it oblige you to do?

Obliges to register with the tax office at the location of the store. Even if you open 10 outlets, it is enough to register for UTII in only one inspection.

Advantages of UTII: having a store with an area of ​​less than 150 sq. m. and mobile outlets, you are not required to buy and register a cash register (FZ dated May 22, 2003 No. 54-FZ).

Moreover, you may not keep records of the income received as a result of your activities. Convenient calculator for calculating UTII - https://www.26-3.ru/main/calculator_y.phtml

Conclusion: Create a Store Opening Business Plan

When choosing an individual entrepreneur as a form of organization of your business and becoming a UTII payer, you must always have the following documents with you:

• IP registration certificate;
• Certificate of registration for UTII in local authorities.

It's all. You are not required to make a seal, buy a cash register and open a bank account.

Product

Store opening soon

After choosing the location of the store, the solution to the question “what to trade?” is key in determining the success of your business. All goods that you can (and should) offer for sale are conditionally divided into the following categories:

1. Products that are in demand only during the planting season

The period from mid-March to the end of May is the most important period in the trade in garden and country products. It is these one and a half to two months that bring the most tangible profit.

Therefore, your task is to “squeeze” the maximum out of the situation when all summer residents and country residents rush to the markets in search of planting material and fertilizers. During this period, it is necessary to work with full dedication.

Most requested products:

• Seeds of all horticultural and horticultural crops;
• Mineral fertilizers, pesticides, top dressing, lime, whitewash for trees;
• Seedlings and seedlings.

It is on this product that you should place your main bet. Don't be afraid to buy seeds in bulk if they are well below market value. It is better to have a surplus of goods than to be empty-handed at the height of the season. The shelf life of dry seeds of most horticultural crops will allow you to sell them next year.

Along with this product group, related products also go well (see "All-season products").

2. Goods of the summer (dacha) season

When city dwellers move to their dachas in the summer, you should have everything they need for recreation and entertainment at hand. Summer commodity group formed taking into account the characteristics of your area. The presence of an adjacent reservoir, meadow or forest can be decisive.

Here we provide a list of goods that are in consumer demand on the territory of a holiday village located near a small river on a flat area:

• Inexpensive fishing rods and all fishing accessories (line, hooks, spinners);
• Simple air mattresses and children's swimming toys (circles, balls, boats);
• Inexpensive summer shoes and clothes (slippers, caps, panamas, pareos, bandanas, shorts);
• All kinds of toys for kids (regular balls, badminton rackets, butterfly nets, etc.).

It makes sense to buy all these goods in small quantities, but in the widest possible range. If you take air mattresses, they should be of different shapes and colors.

The same goes for toys and clothes. The price category of this product is the minimum. If a summer resident wants to buy an expensive spinning rod, he will not come to you, but to a specialized city store for hunters and fishermen.

3. All-season goods

At any time of the year, the most common household goods are in demand:

• Buckets, watering cans, hoses, plastic containers, flower pots;
• The whole range of garden tools - shovels, rakes, etc.;
• Funds personal protection– gloves of all kinds and raincoats;
• Ropes, ribbons, threads, etc.;
• Plant tie net, protective film.

When forming this group, the assortment of nearby stores should be taken into account. Usually, in grocery out-of-town outlets, a food department is combined with an economic department, where you can always buy essentials - soap or toothpaste.

Therefore, it makes sense to include these goods in your list only if they cannot be bought within a radius of three to five kilometers.

4. Handmade goods

We specifically singled out this category in a separate group. It can only be organized if you find hand maid manufacturers. We highly recommend finding one!

Wicker baskets, fences, wooden furniture, or simply decorative elements to decorate the landscape are always very relevant for vacationing citizens. Even at a fairly high price.

Here is a list of goods that were sold by the existing country store for the 2012 season:

• Wheelchairs, baskets, flower stands and wicker fences;
• Handmade garden scarecrows made by a local craftsman from natural materials at hand: straw, cones, dried vegetables and grass;
• Children's toys and landscape decorations in the form of birds and animals, made of durable synthetic fabrics and foam rubber;
• Original plaster and clay sculptures, vases and flower pots for indoor and outdoor use.

In total, the income from the sale of goods in this group amounted to about 30% of the store's seasonal revenue. Draw your own conclusions!

Where and how to buy goods?

The easiest way to find out where the wholesale bases of gardening products in your area or region is located is in already operating stores. Such information is not of great value, and any seller will be happy to advise you.

Large firms engaged in the cultivation of fruit trees, shrubs, flowers and plants provide very big discounts wholesale buyers. In addition, they professionally care for plants and offer them for sale in a fairly presentable form, not to mention the widest range.

Outbound trading in Moscow and the Moscow region is a great opportunity for start-up entrepreneurs.

The second source of information is the Internet. Sometimes it is very profitable to buy seeds and seedlings through online auctions, which you can easily find by asking the appropriate question in your computer's search engine.

The third option for completing the commodity base is the purchase of horticultural crops in small farms or the villagers. This is a rather time-consuming process and it is suitable only for those who have information about private sellers in their region.

It is also possible to independently grow seedlings and collect seeds, but this is already separate view business, which we are not currently considering.

So, we decided on what and where to sell. Let's move on to the question of who will do it.

Recruitment

The most common situation in this business: you agreed with the person in advance that you will have to work on weekends and holidays, and she / he calls on Friday evening and reports personal problems.

Everyone has problems. But. If the seller in the first month of work “breaks” the schedule several times, refuse his services. In the future, this person will have even more personal problems.

To organize the work of the store, you will need one or two sellers. The amount depends on the mode of operation and personal agreement with employees. The “influx” of buyers usually falls on the morning and evening hours.

During the planting season, the specifics of this business also involves the provision of advisory services. This means that the seller must have at least a basic knowledge of growing flowers, plants and horticultural crops.

From this follows a list of requirements that apply to your potential employee.

Requirements for the seller of gardening goods:

• – knowledge of horticulture, features of caring for ornamental and agricultural crops;
• – the ability to understand mineral and organic fertilizers, to know the principles of using pesticides;
• – Possession of elementary communication skills of work with buyers;
• – knowledge of mathematics at the secondary school level;
• - Ability to work with weighing equipment;
• - Ability to work weekends holidays on a flexible schedule.

Where to find a seller for a store?

There are two proven ways to find workers for your outlet:

• Through the local "word of mouth" (dacha neighbors and sellers of regional rural shops), you spread the word that you are looking for a seller for full or part-time employment. Tell about the requirements ... and wait. Usually within a couple of days you will receive offers from several candidates. Candidates, as a rule, are women of retirement age, permanently residing in the country, or residents of a nearby village;
• Post ads on billboards specially designed for this in your holiday village and adjacent settlements.

After the first candidates for the vacancy have contacted you, you need to conduct an interview. It is desirable that a person well versed in gardening be present.

Understanding the essence of the issue, competent Russian and a general pleasant impression are the basic minimum for your potential employee. You can check its conscientiousness, commitment and punctuality only in the process of work.

You should definitely focus on employment on weekends and holidays. This condition of work is key - for you and the most difficult - for the seller.

Discuss in advance with the job candidate his/her willingness to take part in outbound trading. Otherwise, a situation “we did not agree on this” may subsequently arise. It is also very important for you to have an option in stock in case you need another salesperson for an exit outlet.

Where can I find an outreach seller?

The search for an employee to work on the road is carried out in the same ways as when choosing a store employee. The only difference is in the working conditions. Outbound trade involves employment from five to seven days a week in the mode from 7 am to 12-2 pm. This mode is set in each particular case and depends on the principle of the "market days" in your area.

IMPORTANT: when choosing a seller, the balance between professional knowledge and personal qualities is optimal. In practice, achieving such a balance is very difficult. Therefore, give preference to those candidates who, having minimal concepts in a given area, are distinguished by responsibility and decency. Specialized knowledge is quickly acquired in the process of work.

Building relationships with vendors

Two main issues at this stage: the presence / absence of an employment contract and the definition of liability.

Labor contract

The most common way to work with the seller of a gardening store is by verbal agreement and the signing of a fictitious employment contract without specifying the date of its conclusion.

This option is possible only if the employee himself agrees and you trust him. The advantages for you are obvious: you do not need to register a seller in a pension fund, etc.

In the case of on-site verification by regulatory authorities, the issue is resolved simply: you show labor contract, say that the employee works the first day. By law, you have five days to legalize it.

Material liability

It is clear that without signing an employment contract, you cannot stipulate in advance the terms of cooperation, including the clause that determines who and how will be responsible for possible loss of goods.

If you want to protect yourself from the prospect of a monthly loss calculation, you will have to formalize the relationship with the seller on a legal basis, in accordance with the laws and regulations of the Russian Federation.

Otherwise, build relationships with employees on a trusting basis, taking a number of control measures, which we will discuss in paragraphs. 3 next chapters.

Organization of the store

Even the smallest country store will become profitable if the workflow is properly established in it. To do this, it is necessary to carry out a number of activities, which can be conditionally divided into three categories:

1. Organization of engineering systems

Garden products do not need very strict storage conditions. Temperature regime and humidity should correspond to the parameters of the most “vulnerable” plant or set of seeds that are in the room.

Difficulties can arise only at the beginning shopping season- in case of short-term frosts or in a particularly hot period of summer. For this reason, you should have in stock climate equipment: a stationary or portable heater and air conditioning.

These devices are selected taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room at the rate of 1 kW of power per square meter.

Be prepared for the fact that power outages often occur in the countryside. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to have your own gasoline or diesel generator.

Sanitary conditions must comply with established standards.

2. Scheduling the shop

If there is a food outlet near your store, then it makes direct sense to "adjust" to its work schedule.

If not, then the mode of operation is determined as follows:

• The most active time of consumer demand for seedlings and seeds is in the morning hours on weekdays, morning and afternoon hours - on weekends and holidays;
• Demand for household and leisure goods occurs during the midday and evening hours of the day;
• 90% of handmade products are sold on weekends and holidays.

By matching your product range with this information, you can easily create the most efficient store schedule.

3. Product presentation

A lot has been said and written about how to place goods on the shelves. Let's not repeat ourselves. Let's just say that all products must be in the buyer's access area so that he can "touch and smell" them. For the presentation of seeds, it is necessary to purchase special demonstration stands.

When opening a store from scratch, an entrepreneur must prepare everything Required documents, to open a store using the service - a package of documents for opening a store.

Flowers and berry seedlings are offered for sale in special boxes

Household goods are laid out on shelves

Pots, vases, garden tools hung on walls and ceilings

The rule is simple - the product that "strikes the eye" is always in high demand.

Outbound trade

A mobile outlet during the summer season brings more income for a few hours of operation than a few days of store operation. Therefore, it is very important to properly think through all the details of such work. The general organizational plan includes three main points.

1. Drawing up a route map

To do this, you will need a detailed map of the area within a radius of about 30 km from the location of the warehouse store. As practice shows, this is the maximum distance that you can transport your products without problems and extra costs.

Having outlined a circle on the map with the center at the point of the store, write down the names of all settlements in a notebook. If the circle includes large district or regional centers, then, most likely, they have permanent markets with a fixed fee for a trading place.

We do not recommend considering this option at the first stage of your business. As a rule, permanent places are already occupied by your competitors who have their own clientele and withstand a certain level prices. Your arrival there will not be welcome, given that the prices of your goods at the start should be minimal.

The best solution for you will be villages, towns, summer cottages and cottage towns that do not have a constantly functioning market. In most of them, a “market day” is arranged on a certain day of the week.

In order to find out the schedule of these days, it is enough to get to one of them in any locality. The seller of exactly the same outlet outlet that you are going to open will readily tell you: where, on what days and at what hours such bazaars are organized.

Moreover, the same seller will warn you of possible problems “on the spot”. As a rule, such problems do not happen in small settlements. But exceptions are always possible.

2. Determination of the work schedule

With market days, everything is very simple: you adapt to the working hours of colleagues and competitors. Just keep in mind that the most convenient and advantageous places are given to those who arrive at the place earlier. Therefore, at the very “peak” of the season, you need to be ready to drive at five or six in the morning.

If you have the opportunity to ensure the functioning of an exit outlet at some permanent place, then the mode of its operation should be strictly normalized. This allows you to "accustom" customers and get regular customers.

3. Product range

Ideally, if each outlet is focused on only one type of product. If you offer plant seedlings for sale, then they must be presented in a sufficient assortment and “not obscured” by tables with household goods.

Follow the rules: for itinerant trade, you must prepare all the necessary documents in advance, including the most important document - a permit for itinerant trade.

The same rule applies to trade in evergreens, which should be combined into one group and "carried out" outside the market to a conspicuous place.

No need to mix seed bags, chemicals and fertilizers in one pile. Although these are “related” products, for clarity, they should be distributed to different presentation zones.

Properly presenting the product, you can achieve a significant increase in revenue - this is one of the basic laws of trade.

Accounting and control system

In the event that the relationship with the seller is built on a trust basis, you only need to keep records of the goods sold. To do this, a special book is started, which reflects each sold commodity unit. You can buy such a book at an office supply store, or you can simply draw a regular notebook.

The Russian legislation of outbound trade today is one of the most liberal among the countries of the former Soviet Union.

At the end of each day, the seller gives you this book with the total amount of the proceeds received. You, at your discretion: with a frequency of once a week or a month - check the inventory balances.

By comparing this data with entries in the expense book, you can easily find out if there is a shortage. Further - only your problems. By removing the legal formalization of the relationship with the seller from the equation, the risks cannot be avoided.

If you draw up an employment contract, then it must necessarily contain a clause providing for liability seller in case of damage or loss of goods.

Keep in mind that in case of large shortages, an employee of a country store is unlikely to be able to compensate for your losses, so sometimes it makes sense to install video cameras in the store.

In practice, even fictitious surveillance cameras “work”, preventing the occurrence of certain temptations. However, the most The best way to avoid such troubles is to find a truly decent seller.

Conclusion

In the trade in gardening products, as in any other, knowledge of your product is very important. If you don't personally own one, but still decide to go into this business, find an employee or partner to help you sort things out.

The advisory services that you can provide to your customers will very quickly earn you a reputation as an intelligent specialist and respect, which, of course, will have a beneficial effect on the number of regular customers.

We have not given in our article the figures reflecting the profitability of our trade due to the fact that they are very individual for each region and depend on the amount of the initial investment. However, the "return" from the sale, on average, is 100-120% of the cost of production.

The prospects for the development of your business are enormous. If you become a good specialist in the field of growing and caring for horticultural crops and ornamental plants, and small business will give tangible financial results, then in a few years you will be able to "swing" at opening your own garden center - one of those in which you will now purchase your products. And such a center is already a completely different amount of income ... well, and work, of course.

We sincerely wish you success!

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The process of reforming legislation in the dacha sector continues about 10 years. In 2019, gardeners expect the most dramatic changes of all time. Full version Federal Law No. 217 makes changes to legal regulation activities of non-profit associations, modifies the essence of the law on the procedure for the construction of residential buildings on a land plot and registration of permanent registration in them. You can find out what the reform is and what a country house is under the new law in this article.

New law on horticulture and horticulture: Changes for summer residents from January 1, 2019

At the beginning of January 2019, the new edition federal law No. 217-FZ, which made changes in the sphere of regulation of the activity of garden farms. They concern:

1. Devices housing cooperatives: partnership, cooperative and 7 more forms of associations are abolished, they are replaced by (TSN).
2. Housing construction: TSN is divided into horticultural, whose members can only erect technical structures on their land, and horticultural, whose members have the right to build residential buildings and register permanent residence in them.
3. Fee payment rules: new dacha law allows only member and target . Collection of entrance and other payments is prohibited. In this case, payment must be made by bank transfer to the account of the association.

This legal document concerns those who are engaged in gardening and horticulture for their own needs. Activity regulation commercial enterprises document text not provided.

New law on horticulture and horticulture

Back in 2017, land owners could unite in 9 different shapes management of the economy: gardening, gardening or dacha non-profit partnerships, consumer cooperatives, non-profit partnerships. State regulation these associations were not established, and the Government decided to change the dacha law. Cooperatives and partnerships have been abolished along with the concept of dacha ownership.

In 2019, only 2 forms of joins: horticultural and horticultural non-profit partnerships.

Beyond the Form organizational activities, innovations apply to the status of the owners themselves. The difference between gardeners and gardeners is the presence or absence of rights to. Gardeners can build without permission garden houses and gazebos, with permission - residential buildings. This category of land owners can apply for a residence permit in the erected structure if it meets the requirements for a residential building. Gardeners of these privileges deprived, they are only entitled to the construction of technical structures. These include a well, a barn, greenhouses.

Law on country buildings in 2019

According to paragraph 30 of Art. 1 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, a residential building is a separate building with no more than three floors; building height must not exceed 20 meters. Before the dacha reform, the construction of such a building on the site was impossible. Even if there was a registration marked "residential building", the building had the status of a garden house - an auxiliary seasonal structure intended for temporary residence. Before the abolition of dacha associations register permanently in such a room it was impossible.

The law on construction on a summer cottage in 2019 combined the concepts of summer cottage and garden plot into one - horticultural. Now the construction of residential premises is prohibited only in the territory horticultural association. The answer to the question of whether it is possible to expand the garden house and adapt it to permanent residence, in 2019 - affirmative, yes you can. Now it will be possible to live in such buildings officially. This applies to structures built later than 2019. The relevant draft law has been submitted for consideration by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Law on the design of a building on a summer cottage contains amended rules for the construction of buildings: now, before starting construction, a citizen is obliged to send a notification to local authorities. If the proposed structure meets the definition of a residential building, the administration will approve the construction. The completion of the work must also be reported to the municipality.

According to Federal Law No. 217, gardeners cannot build residential buildings. If there is a building that is prohibited by the new document, the owner is expected 2 possible options:

1. If the building is registered with Federal Service state registration, cadastre and cartography, it is considered a legal building and can be used further.
2. If there is no registration, the building acquires the status of a self-construction and is subject to demolition at the expense of the owner. This can be avoided by carrying out land surveying and land surveying.

If the municipality refused to register, a clause should be added to the charter of the partnership stating that the ban on construction applies only to those plots that were allocated for gardening after the adoption of the law.

Registration at the dacha

Previously, it was possible to obtain a residence permit on the site only through a trial. Changes for summer residents in 2019 changed this order: now the owner of a registered capital structure can obtain permanent registration in it. However, the following requirements apply to housing:

1. Documented proof that land plot intended for gardening.
2. The presence of a number of minimal infrastructure: grocery stores, post offices, pharmacies.
3. Holding forensic examination confirming the suitability of the structure for permanent residence.

For correct design registration, you must collect a package of documents, which includes:

1. statement;
2. passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
3. registration certificate of the Bureau of Technical Inventory (BTI);
4. certificate of payment of state duty;
5. documents of ownership of land and house.

All this must be sent to the local branch of the Federal Migration Service. You can do this on the public services website.

Country fees in 2019

The Law on Horticulture and Horticulture of 2019 makes adjustments to the list assessed contributions members of the SNT. Previously they were:

• introductory;
• shares;
• additional;
• membership;
• targeted contributions.

Changes in SNT

"Individuals"- these are persons who have entered into an agreement with a gardening partnership, but refuse to become a member. The format of relations with this category has also changed. Now those who shirk responsibility will be required to join the SNT. In case of refusal against a citizen sanctions are set: besides utilities, he must pay for the maintenance of common property. Since the tax exemption applies only to membership and targeted contributions, the amount of the fine will include. At the same time, “individuals” have the right to participate in meetings on important issues and challenge the decision of members of the SNT.

The Institute of "authorized" is also waiting for news. Previously, they could take office and represent the interests of gardeners who did not choose them. The government considered this phenomenon unlawful and abolished the institute. Now the functions of authorized persons will be carried out by persons to whom residents have issued a power of attorney. Its duration is not limited.

According to Nikita Chaplin, Chairman of the Union of Summer Residents and Deputy Chairman of the Moscow Regional Duma, this step also leads to transparency and objectivity in the management of the partnership.

The dacha amnesty has been extended until 2020

Owners of plots and residential premises that were in perpetual use or life-long inheritable possession before the adoption of the Land Code, that is, before October 1, 2001, can take advantage of the simplified conditions. The law applies to:

1. Buildings that are located on lands intended for personal subsidiary plots and individual housing construction.
2. Modified garden houses suitable for permanent habitation.
3. Outbuildings.

Privatization of real estate is necessary in order to have the right to sell, inherit, donate objects.

Since January 2019, Federal Law-217 “On the conduct of horticulture and horticulture by citizens ...” came into force, which determined the new rules of the game in the gardening and dacha field. What changed?

Do you have a cottage or gardening?

AT Soviet time there were gardening and dacha cooperatives. In the post-Soviet period, many summer cottages appeared in the format non-profit partnerships, partnerships, consumer cooperatives. At the same time, gardening was consistently associated with "six acres" and garden beds. AT holiday villages and the sites are larger, and the audience is more impressive. That is why today we constantly hear: “I want a summer house, but not in gardening.”

So, now "summer residents" (members of the DNP, dacha cooperatives and other associations) from the point of view of the law are also gardeners.

In turn, new associations of summer residents, that is, excuse me, gardeners, will now be registered only in the form of ONT and SNT (gardening and horticultural non-profit partnerships). And all old associations in the form of partnerships and cooperatives should promptly bring their charters in line with the norms of Federal Law-217.

Horticulture vs Horticulture: What's the Difference?

So, the terms "dacha economy" and "summer cottage" - forget. They are no more. The new law only mentions garden and orchard plots. What are the differences? And here's what.

Garden plots - "with the right to place outbuildings that are not real estate."

Garden plots - "with the right to place garden houses, residential buildings, outbuildings and garages."

The very concept of "horticulture" has also undergone a transformation. The new law emphasizes the non-commercial nature of horticulture and horticulture. In gardening, now you can live and culturally relax. But growing cucumbers for sale is already “on the verge”.

House: residential or garden

Forget such definitions as a country house and a residential building. You are offered two options: a garden house - “a building for seasonal use, designed to meet citizens' domestic and other needs related to their temporary stay” (FZ-217, Art. 3) - and a residential building.

What is the difference? Only in the fact that it is impossible to register in the first, and in the second - you can. Accordingly, the residential building will have a higher cadastral value and taxable base. To what extent is still an open question.

... But now you can register

As we said above, the new law allows both gardeners and former summer residents, but for this the house should not be a garden house, but residential and suitable for year-round use.

But habitability is a loose concept. So, for rural houses that have been built a long time ago and are actually operated year-round, the “convenience on the street” option is allowed. At the same time, owners of new cottages often have to prove compliance with sanitary, building and housing standards in court.

In the foreseeable future, legislators promise to prescribe more intelligible rules. So far there are more questions than answers. And discrepancies give local officials ample opportunities to both stimulate and slow down the process.

According to our information, some horticultural enterprises in the Leningrad region are already offering to register their buildings not as garden buildings, but as residential buildings. Accordingly, you can sign up. But there is a subtle point: the taxable base will increase, moreover, significantly.

What can be built and registered

On the garden plot, only outbuildings without capital foundations are allowed. Accordingly, there is no need to register anything.

On the garden - almost anything: a garden or residential building, a garage, a bathhouse, a gazebo. At the same time, garden and residential buildings must be registered in the Unified State Register of Real Estate. All other buildings on the site (baths, garages, sheds) do not require registration and, as it turned out, will not be taxed.

Objectively, this is good news, but, to put it mildly, belated. After all, two or three years ago, local officials intimidated them with “illegal sheds, which Rosreestr and tax authorities are about to get to,” driving summer residents to cadastral engineers (having connections with administrations) - in order to “legalize” all buildings located on the sites. As a result, law-abiding pensioners dutifully paid for imposed and expensive cadastral survey services.

How will we register houses?

From March 1, 2019, the procedure for registering garden and residential buildings and registering them as property is changing. Now, starting construction, it is necessary to notify the local administration of its beginning - by an application in the prescribed form indicating the timing of the work and the parameters of the future home. You can apply in person, by registered mail or through the MFC.

Further, at the end of construction, you will have to invite a cadastral engineer to draw up technical plan the object and this plan, together with the corresponding application, should also be sent to the local administration for registration with Rosreestr.

It is declared that it is possible to submit notifications of the beginning and completion of construction without excessive bureaucracy - through the public services portal. But so far this option does not work. We found a sample application only on the Gosstroy website.

What if you build a palace?

Last autumn, officials of the Ministry of Construction finally gave birth to explanations of what an individual residential building is. It turns out that this is a separate building, not consisting of separate apartments, having no more than three ground floors and a height of up to 20 meters.

The area is not limited. But if the building is up to 500 sq. m, it is enough to notify the authorities about the start and end of construction according to the procedure described above. If more, a preliminary examination and approval will be required. project documentation, as well as obtaining permission to enter.

The parameters of an individual house, determined by the State Construction Committee, fit the Great Menshikov Palace in Oranienbaum. The Winter Palace in St. Petersburg does not pass in height (30 meters).

Can an ordinary gardener build a palace? It turns out not. After all, in accordance with the Town Planning Code, restrictions are introduced at the local level and are fixed in the local rules for land use and development (PZZ), charters of SNT, instructions from the Ministry of Emergencies, Rospotrebnadzor, environmental departments, etc. And if the PZZ says that in this zone you can only build wooden one-story houses up to 50 sq. m, then so be it: everything is still decided on the ground.

-> Trade, services, transport

General store in a gardening partnership

opening idea department store on the territory of a horticultural economy is an affordable and very promising option for a small business.

Of the positive aspects of the organization of such trade, it is worth noting its unconditional demand and the absence of a large number of competitors. The downside of the "horticultural" trade is its seasonality and the poor state of communications.

Usually gardening shops open in mid-April and close in October-November. The largest number of visitors in June - September, during the mass stay of people in their garden plots. During this time, a small horticultural department store can make up to $4,000 a month in profits.

The main income is provided by weekend sales. Most potential customers arrive at their sites on Friday evening and leave on Sunday afternoon. During the week, trade is not so brisk, as a rule, the revival of trade in the store is observed in the morning and evening hours.

Organization of a store at a gardening partnership

It is most convenient to place shops at the entrance to gardening. This will allow potential clients do some shopping on the way to your own lots. The premises can be rented from horticultural partnership or built by the business owner.

Rent is about $300 per month. The construction of a trade pavilion, depending on the materials, costs 370-900 dollars. The area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe store is determined by its intended assortment.

The outlet must occupy at least 50 square meters. m in accordance with the requirements of the SES, this is the minimum area for the sale of alcohol.

The cost of equipment can range from $2,000 to $500,000. Refrigerators must be sufficiently mobile. In horticulture, electricity is periodically cut off, usually this applies to some of its sections. In these cases, refrigerators can be transported to neighbors and the goods can be stored. An autonomous substation eliminates problems with electricity. However, its cost is about 2 thousand dollars.

In the case of organizing a general store selling both food and, for example, chemistry, it will be necessary to divide the store into two separate rooms so that the products do not absorb odors (requirement of the SES).

Assortment of the department store at the garden massif

Grocery stores tend to be one-stop shops. Food products usually make up to 80% of the assortment. The most popular items: alcohol, cigarettes, canned food, bakery and pasta, sugar, salt, cereals, meat products, soft drinks, dairy.

In the assortment of goods, small electrical appliances, household chemicals, hygiene products, and pet supplies will be appropriate and in demand.

There is a demand for medical preparations. However, it will be problematic to organize such trade legally. The store must meet the requirements of the pharmacy. Only a pharmacist has the right to sell medicines. For these reasons, medicines are practically not traded in horticulture.

Building materials (metal tiles, timber, paving stones) are not in great demand, Appliances, clothes. However, building materials can be delivered to order by placing samples or catalogs taken from wholesalers. But small things like nails, hand tools, etc. is in constant demand.

Among the bestsellers, one can also note a variety of fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, garden tools - i.e. everything that is on garden plot needed by definition.

Suppliers, employees, additional opportunities

Goods for a gardening store are usually purchased at wholesale depots. Some positions come under contracts from city and regional manufacturers. As a rule, these are bread, dairy and meat products, groceries. Many suppliers give goods for sale, some commercial equipment can be rented from large wholesalers.

Most gardening shops are small family business. The business owner and his family redistribute responsibilities among themselves. For normal operation small shop 2 sales assistants for shift work, an accountant, a driver and a watchman are needed.

The caretaker is the only off-season worker. The protection of the outlet is not provided by gardening, but by the owner of the store. When the store closes for the winter season, a caretaker stays behind to keep it safe. Although, it is always possible to agree on the implementation of protection with the watchman of the garden area.

Cafe at the store can be an additional source of income. However, in gardening they are extremely rare. The problem lies in the noise created by cafe visitors. Basically, in the board of horticultural farms - older people. They do not like noise, they rarely agree to create a cafe. And without the official permission of the Board of Horticulture, such an institution cannot be opened.

Another good source of income can be the rental of agricultural equipment and tools.

You can start with the elementary - with products, and then navigate by demand. It may well be that the contingent in different horticulture is different, therefore, the assortment will need to be different.

And do not forget the main secret of successful trading: to appear in the right place at the right time with the right product and everything will be OK!