Solar battery production: technology and equipment. Business idea: installation of solar panels

The electric power industry always occupies the first place among the leading industries. Demand and price for electricity will always grow. There are more and more appliances, devices and vehicles powered solely by electricity. France has already adopted a plan to completely abandon cars with internal combustion engines by 2040. In Germany, they plan to implement this plan by 2030. Thanks to modern technologies, today it is quite affordable to purchase a solar power plant and organize own production electricity.

Energy from solar panels can be used to produce electricity, heat objects of any area, organize ventilation systems or water heating. A business idea for the production of batteries and the sale of solar energy will quickly bring income.

Ideas for profiting from a solar power plant

The business idea of generating electricity from your mini-solar power plant is attractive in every way. On feed-in tariff calculators, after calculations, it turns out that all equipment can be paid back no earlier than in 5 years. But after all, during these 5 years you will still use and pay for electricity. In addition, in five years the price of electricity will rise all over the world, and even more so in our country. So in fact, the payback period for equipment will be much shorter than 5 years. Moreover, the feed-in tariff is the least profitable source of income from the sale of electricity. Below we bring to your attention to consider all possible options for finding different ways of implementation and new markets.

Business ideas for the production and sale of solar electricity:

As you can see, you can do business at a solar power plant with more than one feed-in tariff. Although, on the other hand, despite the fact that our state exports electricity to European countries, for many cities in winter period turn off the light. And domestic electricity consumption indicators are growing every year. Therefore, the issue of the relevance of the "green tariff" will still be open for quite a long time to recoup the investment.

Solar power plant for home and business

Progress does not stand still, and today the solar mini-power plant for the home has significantly improved in efficiency and decreased both in size and in price. What is only the PowerWall battery for domestic needs from the world famous manufacturer of electric vehicles Tesla. Elon Musk presented the second generation of the Tesla PowerWall 2 battery. It is able to quickly accumulate electric current from solar panels. The cheapest $3000 PowerWall model has a capacity of 7 kWh. For just $3,500, you can already purchase a PowerWall 2 battery with a capacity of 10kWh. This allows the consumer to build a solar power plant on their own. After all, the main and most expensive equipment in a solar power plant is accumulator battery. PowerWall - has all the necessary functions to control the charging and operation of the device, in addition, it has the ability to connect to the Internet and the ability to send messages about the status of the entire station.

You can use a ready-made solution. A complete set of reliable solar power plant with a capacity of 20kW / h brand VINUR can be purchased for $ 20,000. The manufacturer provides a 5 year warranty!

Specifications:

Schedule of annual performance, in kWh:

Production and sale of solar electricity as a business project

Now we draw up a business plan, correctly select a niche and target audience. The popularity of alternative energy resources is growing every day. If in Europe, America and the Scandinavian countries few people will be surprised by solar batteries, then this niche is practically not occupied in our country. All over the world, business ideas related to the use of solar panels, although they require large investments, are actively supported by investors and venture funds, and also quickly pay off and make a profit.

Where to start: aspects to consider in a business plan

In the business plan, take into account the questions typical for any business: where to look for suppliers, what equipment to purchase, and what premises are suitable for an office / warehouse. It is worth taking the time to register an individual entrepreneur or other forms of ownership, as well as obtaining all the necessary permits for the installation of alternative energy systems. Please note that when supplying your services, you will need to draw up contracts. Consider this moment standard documents little on this issue, but commercial organizations will definitely require you to provide proper documentation.

We select a niche and determine the target audience

There are many selection options target audience for the goals and plans of your business:

If you equip houses with systems for converting solar energy into heat for batteries or into electricity, you need to focus on the owners of their own houses or country cottages with a high level of income.
If you focus on servicing commercial facilities, for example, installing battery kits for heating pools, you should look for clients among sports centers, indoor water parks, large SPA centers, and gaming areas.
You can also arrange the production of electricity from solar panels to sell electricity at a "green tariff". The concept of this method has already been mentioned: you connect a “green meter” in production, which reports how much energy the enterprise consumed and how much it “filled” back into the network. The difference in monetary terms is paid to you by the state.

Why is a solar powered business idea profitable?

A set of solar power plants for a home with a capacity of up to 20 kW / h will cost $ 20,000. At the same time, consumers of alternative energy not only save on heating, ventilation or electricity, but can also sell excess energy that they did not consume to the state at a “green tariff”. More powerful systems for converting sunlight into heat or electricity will help to significantly reduce energy costs large enterprises(shopping and entertainment outlets, factories and even government agencies). In this regard, there will be no problems with motivating customers to order.

Established cooperation with private houses, farms or industrial enterprises, you will be able to recoup the business for the production and installation of solar systems and mini-power plants in 1-2 years, while receiving a stable profit. As long as the niche is not occupied, and the popularity of alternative types of energy is only growing, it is very profitable to implement this business idea.

In this material:

It is difficult to imagine a modern person without all the benefits of civilization. But to use most of them, you need electricity - to charge your phone, laptop and any other equipment.

The consumer is dependent on electricity suppliers. The global electricity market is unstable. Electricity prices are rising, which stimulates the development of alternative energy. The most demanded direction is solar energy. Its popularity is growing, thanks to which certain segments of the business built on the development of alternative energy are developing. A business plan for the production and installation of solar panels will help the entrepreneur to explore this niche and open his own profitable business.

Description of the business idea for the production of solar panels

Solar energy is especially popular in the Mediterranean countries - Greece, Italy, Spain and Turkey. However, this segment of alternative energy is well developed in other European countries, as well as in the USA.

Why is the popularity of alternative energy production growing:

Cheapness. It is more profitable to extract electricity from solar panels - as in industrial scale and for self-sufficiency.
Availability. To get energy from solar panels, you do not need to additionally purchase raw materials, such as coal.
Autonomy. There is no dependence on the prices of electricity, raw materials and the political situation in the world.
Environmental friendliness. Such energy does not harm nature, which is why it is so popular in industrialized countries.

In this regard, the demand for solar panels is growing, especially in Russia, where this market segment is just developing. For example, if solar panels have been popular in Europe and the USA since the early 2000s, they are just beginning to penetrate into Russia.

Production and installation of solar panels - promising business for development in Russia.

The purpose of this business plan is to explore this niche and help the entrepreneur start his own business selling solar panels.

The following business development options are possible:

organize the production, sale and installation of batteries;
find suppliers, organize the sale and installation of equipment.

Types of energy received from a solar battery

There are two types of energy obtained from a solar battery - electrical and thermal.

Electrical

This is the most common type of energy derived from solar panels. Solar batteries are used to convert solar energy into direct current.

Such batteries can be fully used only during periods of solar activity. In order to accumulate energy, batteries are supplied with powerful batteries and devices that convert direct current into alternating current. Thanks to this, such equipment can be effectively used even in regions where there is low solar activity, for example, in the north of Russia.

thermal

Thermal energy is extracted using collectors installed in the battery - flat or vacuum. Using solar energy and infrared radiation, the collector heats liquid (water, oil, antifreeze) or air.

Such equipment is most often used for heating water or for heating.

Most often, vacuum collectors are used in such batteries. High thermal insulation helps to retain heat for a long time. The main disadvantages of such collectors are their high cost and the need for constant maintenance.

A flat-plate collector is cheaper, but its efficiency is lower. In addition, it takes up more space and does not work at low temperatures.

Production technology

A solar battery is a photovoltaic converter combined into one unit. The production of such equipment is a complex process that takes up to 6 hours. Silicon is one of the main elements in the manufacture of solar cells. Silicon semiconductors increase the efficiency of solar cells up to 25%.

Converter production steps:

Preparation of materials. Silicon semiconductors, photocells, converters and other components.
Formation of the initial surface of the plate and its etching.
Removing unnecessary elements, cleaning and degreasing the panel.
Formation of an antireflection layer on the surface of the panel.
Application of a metal coating.
Connecting batteries to contacts. It is carried out only after preliminary drying of the equipment.
Testing. After the device is ready, it needs to be tested for defects.

Market, competition and risk analysis

Conventional energy market instability, electricity price volatility and pollution environment- the main reasons for the growing popularity of alternative energy.

Solar power plants are the most developed segment of this market. In Russia and Eastern Europe, this type of alternative energy is poorly developed. Its popularity is just starting to grow. For example, solar power plants began to appear in the southern regions of the Russian Federation only in the last decade. Both industrial power plants and home complexes are being built. Despite the presence of demand, there are few companies in the Russian Federation that develop and install such equipment.

This business has the following risks:

The complexity of the organization. It is important to properly establish all processes - from production to the sale of goods.
Decrease in electricity prices. Because of this, maintaining solar panels can become less profitable than buying electricity.
Complexity of implementation finished products.
Increasing competition, which can provoke a growing demand for the service.
Seasonality. In winter, the demand for solar panels is lower than in the warm season.
Long payback.

Business plan for the production and installation of solar panels

Business registration

Registering a business is the first thing an entrepreneur should do when starting their own business. The company is registered with the Federal Tax Service.

An entrepreneur can register:

Entity. Suitable only big business with high turnover.
Checkout status individual entrepreneur(IP). The most common registration method. Suitable for small and medium businesses.

The second option is the most optimal solution. Making an IP is easier and faster. In addition, it does not make sense to register a legal entity for a small enterprise.

To apply for an IP, you need:

Decide how to register. There are two of them - at the place of residence and via the Internet. The most convenient way to apply is online - through the website of the Federal Tax Service.
Choose OKVED codes. These codes are a kind of indicators that tell the tax office what type of business the entrepreneur is registering. The law allows you to choose several OKVED codes at once, taking into account business expansion in the future.
Decide how to pay taxes. It is necessary to choose a taxation system. The best option for individual entrepreneurs is a simplified taxation system. She is easier to work with.
Fill out an application form P21001. Registration instructions and a template are available on the website of the Federal Tax Service in the section "Registration of Individual Entrepreneurs".
Pay the state fee.
Send the completed application, attaching all the necessary documents to it.

ATTENTION! It is important to write the application correctly the first time. Even a minor mistake will cause registration to be denied, so it is recommended to check it several times before sending the document.

List of documents required for registration of IP:

the passport;
receipt of payment of state duty;
application form R21001.

Workshop space rental

The premises are selected depending on the planned scale of production. To organize a small workshop, 150 sq. m.

The location of the workshop is not of great importance if the enterprise does not have a store.

ATTENTION! It is important that the hood functions well in the room, water supply and heating are established in the winter.

As a workshop for production, you can rent:

basement;
premises in the industrial part of the city, for example, part of a factory;
house in the private sector, which can be converted into a workshop.

Purchase of equipment

To organize a workshop for the production of solar panels, you will need the following equipment:

cutting laser machine;
laminator;
table for collecting battery cells;
wires;
electrical converters;
accumulators;
other accessories - screwdrivers, drills, screwdrivers.

Formation of the staff

To organize a business, the following employees are needed:

Chief Engineer;
electromechanic;
installers;
Sales Manager;
accountant;
cleaning woman.

Search for sales channels for finished products

The success of this business largely depends on the marketing strategy.

Sales channels for solar panels:

Offline sales. Focused primarily on the local market.
Online sales. Many entrepreneurs and individuals prefer to place orders via the Internet. Using your own website, you can sell batteries both in the local market segment and throughout the country.

Marketing campaign includes:

SEO promotion of your own website. It is necessary that potential client I was able to find the site by queries in search engines.
SMM promotion. Social networks- a powerful tool for attracting customers. For some companies, this is the main sales channel. In addition, social networks allow you to win customer loyalty and make them permanent.
Advertising in local media. News publications read different segments of the target audience (target audience), therefore, if used correctly, such advertising can be very effective.
Outdoor advertising. Placement of advertising on billboards, banners and city advertising boards will remind potential buyer about where you can order a solar battery.

Financial calculations

Investment in the project

Startup investments include:

rent of premises - 30 thousand rubles;
purchase of equipment - 700 thousand rubles;
buying a car - 300 thousand rubles;
arrangement of the workshop - 150 thousand rubles;
advertising campaign - 250 thousand rubles.

Operating expenses and depreciation

Monthly business expenses include:

rent - 30 thousand rubles;
utilities- 45 thousand rubles;
purchase of materials - 650 thousand rubles;
salary of employees - 320 thousand rubles;
advertising - 150 thousand rubles;
taxes.

Revenues and profit generation

The company produces batteries of different capacities and for different purposes - for home and industrial use.

The average check is 100 thousand rubles. Product margin is 30%.

It is expected that an average of 20 solar panels will be sold monthly. Thus, on initial stage the company will earn 2 million rubles per month.

Business expenses and taxes are deducted from this amount. Net monthly profit - 500 thousand rubles.

Payback period of the project

Assuming 20 batteries are sold monthly average cost The business will pay for itself in six months. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the seasonality factor - in winter, the demand for such products decreases.

The manufacture and sale of solar panels is a promising and low-competitive business. However, it has certain risks. In order to calculate all possible organizational risks, to study in detail the niche and the possibility of its development in certain market segments, it is recommended to order a business plan from professionals.

Buy a ready-made business plan

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Solar panels production: business relevance + what are solar panels + advantages of installing solar panels + production technology + necessary raw materials and equipment + organizational issues start-up business + start-up capital and business profitability + overview of the creation of a mini-production for the manufacture of solar panels.

Solar battery production- this is undoubtedly innovative look business, especially in Russia. Although in other countries, for example, in Turkey, Spain and Germany, alternative methods of generating electricity are in demand, and therefore the production of such panels is no longer a novelty for them.

Of course, opening such a business in Russia is somewhat risky, since so far people are wary of such innovations. But, given the fact that this business niche is still free from competitors, and solar panels are indeed a very promising way to generate electricity, the launch of such an enterprise can be called a profitable investment.

In this review, we will tell you how to organize the production of such batteries, where it is better to do it, how much you need to invest in order to succeed in this area. entrepreneurial activity.

Is it rational to establish the production of solar panels in Russia?

One can argue for a long time about whether such production will become in demand in the country. After all, on the one hand, this is indeed a very promising direction, which, over time, can completely replace the electricity we are used to.

But, on the other hand, solar panels will be more in demand in sunny regions, since the Sun is the main component of this alternative way of generating electricity.

If we consider the production of solar panels purely as a type of business, then, of course, this area of entrepreneurial activity is very, very profitable.

Several factors contribute to this:

The market for the production of solar panels in Russia is still among the most "empty", which indicates the absence of competitors on the way to building a business.
The reserves of oil and gas are not infinite anyway, and it is high time for people to think about alternative ways receiving electricity.
It is not only the depletion of fossil fuels that is driving the high demand for solar panels. People are also encouraged by the high prices of utilities, the costs of which can be significantly reduced by resorting to the use of solar energy.

In addition to these factors, solar panels also have a wide range of applications, so they can be used in a variety of areas.

The most popular directions in this regard are the following:

Charging batteries of various equipment - portable electronics.
Production of electric vehicles.
Providing residential buildings with electricity, which can be used for heating and lighting.

Of course, batteries for the power supply of houses are in the greatest demand, so in this article we will consider the organization of the production of batteries for these purposes.

In any case, the production of solar panels is a very popular niche, which will become much more popular in Russia in a few years. And try your hand at this business now - the most right time due to the fact that while on your way you will not meet too many competitors.

What are solar panels and how are they produced?

If to speak in simple words, a solar battery is an installation that is capable of converting solar energy into electric current used to power residential buildings.

In order to understand in general terms what a solar battery looks like and how its mechanism works, it will be enough to look at the figure:

Solar panels are alternative sources of electricity, like water and wind installations, which were used by our ancestors in order to obtain electricity.

Today, it is these batteries that are considered the most economical way provide electricity to residential buildings, since their installation and installation are not as expensive as other devices, moreover, you can not immediately use the received electricity.

Since the battery transforms the energy of the Sun "in excess", modern technologies allow you to save it in special batteries and use it at a time when solar activity is minimal, that is, in the evening or at night.

In order to install a solar battery and receive energy, it is not even necessary to live in the sunniest place in the country. New developments make it possible to use the installations even in those climatic zones where there is much less sun.

And solar panels themselves, as a source of electricity, have a lot of advantages, the main of which are the following:

Solar energy is the safest and cleanest energy.
You can install a solar battery and. On average, installing a battery will cost up to 50 thousand rubles. Moreover, this includes not only the initial set itself, but also the installation of the battery.
In order to install the device, you do not need to change anything in existing engineering networks, because such installations are easily mounted in existing networks.
Solar panels have a very long service life and do not need constant quality control or repair.
Batteries can be mounted on almost any building, which means that this method of generating energy is suitable for both large cities and small towns.

In short, solar panels are a really working option that will not only help you get clean energy, but will also significantly reduce your utility bills.

The only thing worth paying attention to is the direct scope of solar panels.

The fact is that many people confuse the concept of solar panels and collectors, the purpose of which is completely different. If solar panels are a device for generating electricity, then a collector is the receipt of thermal energy from the Sun, which is directed to other needs, such as, say, heating and water heating.

Collectors have a slightly different look and principle of operation, so these two terms should not be confused.

Since we have dealt with the very concept of solar panels, we can go directly to the process of their production.

And here it is important to immediately note that for the future businessman there are two main ways in which he can develop this business:

The first method consists in a full production cycle, that is, “from A to Z” - from the manufacture of components to their assembly into full-fledged batteries.
The second method involves the purchase of finished materials and the installation of batteries from them.

Each of the methods has the right to exist, as well as its pros and cons.

For example, by producing all the batteries yourself, including their components, you can be sure of the quality of the final product. Also due to this, you can significantly reduce the cost of each battery. But the organization of such production will require significant investments, which is the main disadvantage of this method.

As for the second option, it will cost you less, but the cost of production due to purchased materials will be much higher.

In order to analyze both options in detail, we will first look at the entire production cycle, as well as how it is organized to launch a business.

At the end, we will also give an example of organizing a mini-production, when all the spare parts have already been purchased, and you only need to learn how to assemble, assemble and sell them.

Solar Cell Manufacturing Technology: A Step-by-Step Guide

To solar panels, first you need to figure out what the technology of their manufacture looks like, and what stages you will have to face.

So, in order to produce a finished solar battery from the purchased raw materials, it will be necessary to carry out the following actions:

Cut silicon wafers and clean them for further processing.
Etch the surface of silicon wafers and structure it.
Apply phosphorus to the plate and then burn it out.
Metallize the surface.
Dry silicon wafers.
Connect electrical contacts on the front side of the plate.
Align the plates.
Frame the plates with aluminum frames.
Test the finished installation.

As a result, we get a solar battery that looks like this:

What is needed to organize production: what raw materials and equipment should be purchased?

In view of the fact that we are analyzing the production of solar panels from scratch, it is worth noting right away that a lot of things will be needed to start a business: both raw materials and equipment.

In addition, it is important to consider that the production of such batteries is a very science-intensive process, so it is better to look for and purchase the necessary components, first consulting with an intelligent physicist or electromechanic, who will eventually help to establish the production process.

By the way, finding a suitable specialist, as well as all the necessary materials, will not be so easy, since such production has not yet been established in Russia. It is better to look for all the necessary elements and even specialists abroad.

On average, buying only raw materials will cost you about 100 thousand rubles, but buying only raw materials, of course, is not enough. We also need equipment that will make it possible to manufacture batteries.

Since we are talking about a large-scale enterprise with a full production cycle, it implies the purchase of an automated line for the creation of batteries, which will ensure the manufacture of the highest quality products.

The entire production line will consist of a sufficiently large number of machines, which are much more rational to buy from one supplier.

And there are a number of reasons for this:

Firstly, when buying the entire range of components, you can get a certain percentage of the discount.
Secondly, often such equipment suppliers will not only sell it to you, but also help with installation and further operation.

And remember that the production of solar panels in Russia has not yet been established at all, so you will most likely have to buy equipment abroad.

The cost of the production line will differ depending on the country of manufacture, and can range from 500 thousand rubles. up to 10 million rubles

Equipment	purpose	Cost, rub.)	Sample
Total:			1 348 000 rubles
Cutting Laser Machine	For cutting cells of various sizes with a fiber laser	From 190 thousand
laminator	For laminating solar modules with organic material for environmental protection	From 650 thousand
framing machine	For gluing tape edges and framing solar modules	From 315 thousand
Glass cleaning machine	For cleaning and drying glass	From 126 thousand
Table for moving elements	To move batteries using aluminum rails	From 12 thousand
High voltage test machine	To test the module for suitability	From 55 thousand

In the final count, if we take average equipment prices as an example, its minimum set will cost you 1.3 million rubles.

But, in addition to the production line, you will also need to purchase hand tools and equipment (batteries, inverters) for mounting batteries. As a result, the total cost of equipment will be about 1.5 million rubles.

In addition to the cost of equipment and the purchase of raw materials, you will have other expenses for various organizational issues, which we will discuss in more detail later.

Search for premises, recruitment and other subtleties of organizing a business for the production of solar panels

Any business in the field of production certainly begins not with the purchase of the necessary equipment, but with the compilation and legalization of its activities, in other words, registration.

Also need to find suitable premises and hire staff, which is also important, so we will consider each of the moments of the organization in as much detail as possible.

1. Registration of an enterprise.

If you are planning to start a business in the field of production, while it is planned to produce solar panels from scratch, then either an LLC is more suitable for registering you as an entrepreneur.

To proceed with the registration procedure, you will need to collect a certain list of documents and submit it to the Federal Tax Service at the place of business registration.

This list will include:

Application form P11001.
The decision of the founder to create an enterprise (if there is one founder) or the minutes of the meeting of participants (if there are several founders).
LLC Charter.

Before you submit the documents, you will be required to pay the amount of the state fee, which today is 4 thousand rubles. The receipt of its payment is included in the liver of mandatory documents.

But not only the payment of the receipt will have to be spent when registering a business.

You will have other expenses:

Opening a bank account - 2 thousand rubles.
Making a seal - 1 thousand rubles.
Payment of the authorized capital - 10 thousand rubles.
Payment for notary services - 1 thousand rubles.

In total, about 15-18 thousand rubles will have to be spent for the legal registration of entrepreneurial activity.

Also, do not forget about the obligatory receipt of permits from the fire and sanitary and epidemiological service after passing the registration procedure.

And one more important detail - when filling out the application, you will need to indicate the code of your OKVED activity. He is in this case is numbered 27.20.3.

2. Search and equipping of premises for production.

Since a full cycle of battery production is planned, the selected room should be sufficient to accommodate all the necessary equipment, as well as to allocate two small warehouses: for storing components and for preparing ready-made batteries for installation.

On average, the area of the premises must be at least 300 sq.m., otherwise it will be impossible to produce solar panels due to lack of space.

Having chosen a suitable room, you need to take care of its repair, which is very important in a situation of such production, because we are talking about creating very accurate and fragile parts.

The room must have:

Ventilation system.
Water supply.
Heating.
Power supply.
Installed disinfection plants.

Without all this, neither the fire department nor the sanitary and epidemiological service will give you the necessary permits to start production.

3. Selection of employees and organization of delivery and installation.

Due to the fact that almost the entire process of manufacturing solar panels will be automated, you will need to hire a small staff.

The total number of employees will be about 6-8 people, of which you will need to hire:

1 specialist in physicist-electromechanics.
2 shop workers.
2 workers for assembly.
1 driver.
1 sales manager.
1 marketer.

At first, you can perform the duties of a director and accountant on your own, this will allow you to control production more and understand the essence of your own business.

The most difficult thing in this situation will be to find a good specialist and shop workers, because due to the fact that the production of solar panels in Russia is not yet very developed, there are few such specialists in the country.

As for the transportation and installation of batteries, it is best to hire a driver for this work already with your car, or purchase at least one truck.

4. Marketing and search for distribution channels for finished products.

At first, it is very important to have at least one marketer on your staff who will help with advertising and promotion of solar panels in the region of production.

Since solar panels are a necessary, but not yet very familiar product for people, you need to constantly tell and show that having solar panels on your roof is much more profitable than paying large sums for utilities.

print flyers,
let's advertise
create a website that will be filled useful information, and which will demonstrate examples of already completed solar panels with their subsequent installation.

You can cooperate with both large enterprises and individuals. It all depends on how much your products are in demand in the region.

How much start-up capital will be required to start the production of solar panels, and when will the business start to make a profit?

Item of expenses	Amount (rub.)
Total:	2 277 000 rubles
1. Registration of entrepreneurial activity.	17 thousand
2. Rent of premises (taking into account the lease for some time in advance).	350 thousand
3. Purchase of raw materials and components.	100 thousand
4. Purchase of equipment.	1 500 thousand
5. Remuneration of workers.	250 thousand
6. Funding the marketing plan.	45 thousand
7. Current expenses.	15 thousand

It turns out that to launch an enterprise for the production of solar panels in Russia, an impressive amount will be needed, which exceeds 2 million rubles.

But do not think that such investments will pay off for too long. On average, such production can begin to make a profit after 1.5 - 2 years.

It turns out that for each installed battery you will receive a net profit. about 10-15 thousand rubles. And taking into account the fact that you will produce and install from 5 to 10 such batteries per month, your net monthly profit will be from 75 thousand rubles.

Business profitability at proper organization will be at least 100%.

But, in any case, 2 million rubles. This is a lot of money, which not everyone can afford to invest. Is it possible to open a similar production, but at a lower cost?

Production of solar panels. How it works?

Installation diagram. Advantages and disadvantages.

Mini-production of solar panels: advantages, disadvantages and method of organization

Mini-production for the manufacture of solar panels, first of all, involves such an organization of the enterprise, in which ready-made components for batteries will be purchased. Of these, you, as an entrepreneur, will only have to establish the process of assembly, transportation and installation.

This method is much more economical than the production option from scratch, since in this case you do not have to spend money on raw materials, equipment, numerous staff and registration of a legal entity.

But the cost of panels with this method will increase significantly, since buying ready-made components is more expensive than producing them yourself.

As a result, we can say that this method will be most appropriate in two cases:

When you don't have enough money start-up capital to start large scale production.
When there are absolutely no competitors in your area who are ready to offer batteries at a price much lower than yours.

Having decided on the advantages and disadvantages, we turn to the main question - how to organize a mini-production?

So to start like this small business, you do not need to register an LLC first. In this case, registration of IP will be sufficient.

Registering an individual entrepreneur is much easier and costs much less, which will also save a lot of money.

To apply for registration with the IFTS, only basic documents are required:

IP registration application.
Passport of a citizen of Russia.
TIN code.
Receipt for payment of state duty.
Application for the transition to a simplified taxation system.

The cost of the state duty for such an operation is 800 rubles. But in addition to this amount, you will also have to pay for opening a bank account (2 thousand rubles) and making a seal (up to 1 thousand rubles)

Total state registration will cost you only 3-4 thousand rubles.

Now let's talk about the premises, the purchase of components and equipment for mini-production.

You don’t need a large space to launch an enterprise - it’s enough to rent an area of 100 square meters. m., on which you will allocate a room for battery assembly, a warehouse of components, and also organize a small exhibition hall for visitors.

In principle, with a small volume of orders, even your own spacious garage may suit you. But at the same time, do not forget that the requirements for the premises will also be high, because you still have high-precision work to do.

It is better to order components for the production of batteries abroad from direct suppliers. Although you can search on the territory of Russia. The main thing is that the quality of materials is at a high level, and at the same time they do not cost sky-high money.

As for the equipment, automated lines with this method of organizing production will not be needed. Actually, because of this, large areas will not be needed.

As the main equipment, only simple tools are required:

Equipment	Quantity	Cost, rub.)	Sample
Total:			52 000 rubles
Drill	2	10 thousand
screwdriver	2	6 thousand
Set of tools	2	10 thousand

Since there is less work to be done than with a full production cycle, and it is easier to manage such a mini-enterprise, only 3-5 people can be hired as a permanent staff.

Namely, we are talking about such personnel:

2 people will carry out the assembly of the goods.
2 people will install batteries.
1 person will be a driver (preferably with your own car).

At first, you can hire only three workers, and then get a couple more people.

With a small production, you can perform the functions of a manager, accountant and marketer on your own.

Wherein marketing plan will remain the same. Your main consumer is a private person, so you need to constantly inform him about your product by creating a website and placing advertisements in newspapers, on TV and radio.

Now let's calculate how much cheaper this mini-production method will cost:

IP registration - 3 thousand rubles.
Premises rental - 100 thousand rubles.
Purchase of components - 50 thousand rubles.
Purchase of equipment - 52 thousand rubles.
Salary to employees - 75 thousand rubles.
Website development and others marketing services- 55 thousand rubles.
Line expenses - 25 thousand rubles.

In total, the initial investment for launching a small enterprise will amount to 360 thousand rubles. , which is a much smaller amount compared to setting up production facilities from scratch.

Considering that the selling price and cost of batteries will increase slightly with this method, the net profit may be somewhat lower. But due to much smaller investments and with a constant flow of customers (at least 5 people per month), you will be able to recoup your enterprise after a year of work on the market.

So, we have analyzed two main ways of organizing a business in the manufacture of installations for generating electricity from solar energy.

In conclusion, we recall that the production of solar panels in Russia is still a completely free niche, occupying which now, you can get a good return in the future, as the demand for alternative methods of generating energy will increase every year.

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“The reasons why a person wants, for example, install solar panels, a lot, - says Alexander Mokhnaty, an expert on alternative energy. - First of all, this is the unwillingness to contact the supplying offices, if, in particular, the country house is not connected to the public network. But there are also many who wish to have fashionable and interesting technical systems for domestic use, especially if they have been abroad. And most importantly - in our time, the tariff policy of the authorities is actively pushing people to save. If ten years ago the price tags for kilowatts were an order of magnitude cheaper than in Germany, now they are almost equal.”

Not without reason, it is believed that Russia will definitely follow the path of Western Europe, in which solar panels on the roof are an indispensable attribute of almost every home. “This is the energy dialectic,” says Igor Malyugin, an expert on startups. “Even if we are the main suppliers of hydrocarbons, the integration of our country into the world economy still dictates a careful attitude to non-renewable resources.” If so, then there is a reason to talk about a fairly new small business focused on the installation of solar panels.

Before starting any business, it is necessary to understand if there will be demand. This is especially true for solar energy. So, forum member Root is skeptical about this idea:

“Perhaps somewhere in the UAE or in the state of California, solar energy is beneficial, since the number of sunny days per year is large,” he writes. - In our country, cloudy weather can dominate for months! What is the return on solar panels? In addition to semiconductor panels, you will also need battery chargers, batteries themselves and converters. In short, will the installation of such equipment not result in a round sum and will this system have time to pay off before the time it exhausts its resource?

Only practical results can dispel these doubts. Thus, the installation of solar-powered heating and hot water systems gives the following results. Take for comparison the unfavorable latitude of St. Petersburg. It turns out that the total annual level of thermal generation for flat panels that receive diffused light, for example, SOLAR-300 of three sections, is 4,000-4,500 kWh.

Using them in conjunction with will allow you to shower daily for up to 40 minutes. “It seems that today solar energy is a good support for traditional heating,” says Dmitry Molchanov, solar panel installer. - You can save a lot and not lose civilized benefits. One hundred percent rely on the sun is still not worth it. But in any case, it will give a real benefit of up to 60% savings compared to standard water heaters. The calculation shows that the introduction of individual solar technology for heating water pays off in a couple of years.”

Solar technology for electrical needs

Alexander Mokhnaty also advises using additional sources of alternative energy to provide electricity to the house. “As a rule, solar panels are installed in combination with energy-efficient household equipment,” the expert explains. - For example, when there is lighting, there is an A+ refrigerator, the same economical TV, a small-sized pump for the heating system, the household will need a battery area of about 10 square meters. However, in winter this may not be enough. Therefore, to ensure that the home energy system is correctly equipped with wind generation with a capacity of 1.5 kW.”

Forum member gaiduk commented on criticism of the high cost of solar technology:

“In Kharkiv there is a house that runs on solar panels, only with the absorption of ultraviolet radiation, and from windmills. Here the local "Kulibins" do everything without strong investments. And there was no other way out, because. there are no free substations around, and building your own is very expensive. The owner of this house said that in this situation it was the only way out.

German eagles and the first Russian swallows

In the West, the installation of solar thermal energy and electricity generation systems, as a rule, is carried out by small firms. “To start this business, you need minimal cash and high professional skills, - Hans Friedman from Bavaria shares his experience. - Therefore, this case is interesting for literate people who do not get confused in the chain "sun - batteries - controller - battery - inverter - load". It is important to understand how the customer will use the energy: all day or only in the evening? All the little things are important here, including the educational qualification of the client, how capable he is of properly managing the system.”

Alexander Mokhnaty agrees with this point of view. “This is a business for professionals who keep up with progress,” he says. - Everything changes quickly enough. On the other hand, there are many inefficient batteries on the market, although decent efficiency is declared in the passports for them. Meanwhile, mistakes will result in reputational losses and exit from the market.” According to him, a starting ticket to a business called "individual solar technology" will cost an entrepreneur two hundred thousand rubles, primarily for the purchase of special equipment for setting up systems, as well as tools for installation.

Entrepreneur Dmitry Molchanov believes that this market should be entered now, when it has not yet formed. “Certainly, the demand for solar installations is low right now,” he says. - Therefore, it is logical to combine a new business with proven entrepreneurship in related fields, for example, with the installation of electrical systems. However, those who want to make good money in a few years by installing solar panels need to become the first Russian swallows in this area of alternative energy.”

solar panel manufacturing business- a fairly new format of entrepreneurship for Russians. It is one of the innovative ideas, but in a short time of its use, people who started working in this area managed to open their own successful business.

This business format is risky, since there are no standard models of work, the entrepreneur will have to deal with their development on their own. You can use the experience of Western colleagues, because abroad solar panels have been actively used for a long time not only in industrial areas, but also in everyday life.

On the Russian market there are no more than 10 firms involved in the production of such panels, so the level of competition is very low. If a novice businessman wants to start a business in this area, then he needs to bring his idea to life before other entrepreneurs appear.

The production of solar panels as a business is not an easy task, requiring special skills and knowledge of manufacturing technology. Difficulties may also arise at the stage of promoting your business - it is not entirely clear which distribution channels are the most in demand.

But to open such a business, large investments will not be required - 300,000 rubles will be enough to organize a mini-production, launch advertising and establish trade channels.

If an entrepreneur opens a solar battery manufacturing company from scratch, then he needs to clearly understand what these devices are and how they will be useful to the consumer. This will allow you to determine the circle of main customers with whom you will have to work in the future.

A solar battery is a special device that literally “collects” energy sun rays. This energy can be used for the following purposes:

space heating (houses, industrial and industrial buildings, agriculture);
water heating;
obtaining electricity for lighting;
operation of ventilation systems;
operation of technical devices.

A solar collector with an area of 1 m 2 is capable of heating 100 liters of water in just 1 hour.

Citizens may have a question, why do we need solar energy when you can use more familiar systems by contacting the house management. Of course, a solar battery is not used to provide energy for an ordinary apartment. But in a country house or in the country, such a collector can significantly reduce the cost of conducting the necessary communications. Plus, while using the battery, you will not have to pay for energy, and in a normal situation, you will need to pay monthly bills for electricity, gas, hot water.

The advantages of using solar energy include the following features:

the possibility of using the accumulated energy;
minimal battery maintenance (every year you only need to check the device’s performance so that it converts energy as efficiently as possible);
silent operation (will ensure maximum comfort of living in the house, which, for example, is impossible when using a water heating unit);
continuous improvement of the technologies used allow to increase the efficiency of work solar installations and reduce production costs.
absolute harmlessness to humans (batteries do not emit harmful substances into the atmosphere).

All this gives an unambiguous answer whether the production and use of solar panels is profitable or not.

Where to start production?

If an entrepreneur has not encountered the production of solar panels before, then he will probably wonder where to start. own business? Before starting your own business, you need to conduct a thorough market analysis. Moreover, it is necessary to study the situation not in the country as a whole, but in a particular region. In some cities, solar energy is already actively used, and there are also suppliers of the necessary equipment in them. If there are too many competitors in the industry, it makes sense to try to implement your idea in another region.

The use of solar panels is not advisable in all regions of the country. Northern cities do not use this technology, since the sun shines in them for too short a period of time. It makes sense to open your own production of solar collectors in the southern regions of the country with a warm climate.

Sphere Features

Work in the field of solar panels production is attractive for start-up businessmen not only because of low competition. It also has other positive features:

the possibility of opening with a relatively small investment;
simplicity and availability of solar collector manufacturing technology;
development opportunities (including through continuous improvement of technologies in the field of solar energy);
a large number of potential consumers of the service.

Of course, there will be some difficulties. For example, not many Russians know about all the benefits and useful properties of solar panels. Therefore, they will have to talk about the benefits they receive on their own or by attracting experienced marketers.

Solar panel production technology

Some entrepreneurs do not dare to start working in this area, thinking that it is impossible or very difficult to master the production technology on their own. Of course, certain skills will not be enough. But if a businessman is not at all familiar with the peculiarities of creating solar collectors, he can always turn to a consultant for help. For a fee, he will not only share technology, but also help to establish production. Finding such a specialist is not always easy. A person must be well versed in physics and electromechanics.

At the stage of formation of production, it will be necessary to look for suppliers of raw materials. And this is also a difficult task. To create panels you will need:

silicon (its monocrystalline or polycrystalline modification is used);
aluminum frames;
polypropylene;
polycarbonate;
wires;
electricity converters.

There are several production technologies. But novice entrepreneurs usually use the silicon method, as it is considered the most accessible and studied.

If the entrepreneur does not want to create batteries from scratch, but only plans to assemble the structure, then it will be enough to find a supplier of finished parts. For example, they can be brought from China. This option will require a minimum of investment, since equipment for the manufacture of panels is not required. And let in this case the payback will be quick due to the low volume of investments, but the profitability will decrease significantly due to the high cost of finished parts.

Purchase of the necessary equipment

After studying the production technology, you will need to purchase everything necessary equipment. Production must be fully automated if the entrepreneur wants to sell really high-quality, strong and durable products. The mechanization of all processes will reduce the cost of panels by several times than if finished parts were purchased from suppliers in bulk.

The "artisanal" method of production with the purchase of finished parts does not require specialized equipment. An electric drill, a jigsaw, a level and a saw will suffice.

But a full-cycle enterprise should have its own production line. To run it, you will need the following equipment:

laser cutting machine;
laminator;
framing machine;
cleaning equipment (processes plates);
special inspection tables;
automats for checking the operation of panels.

But the opening of full-scale production will require more serious costs. You can buy a complete production line in Asian countries for at least 5,000,000 rubles. And the whole plant will cost 2 times more. In Russia, it is almost impossible to purchase the necessary equipment, since domestic manufacturers almost do not produce the corresponding machine tools.

If the cost of equipment does not include commissioning, then you will need to pay for it separately, which will further increase the initial investment.

Aspiring entrepreneurs will not be able to open such an expensive enterprise, so they can make battery parts by hand or purchase them in advance.

With a large scale of production, you can not do without your own cars for the delivery of finished products to the client, transportation of workers. Rent vehicle in this case will be less profitable.

Finding a suitable room

If planned small production batteries from finished parts, then it is not necessary to rent a separate room - your own garage will be enough. When organizing an entire production line, it will not be possible to do without a specialized workshop. Moreover, funds for repairs will be added to the additional initial costs - otherwise it will not work to follow the production technology.

For the manufacture of solar panels, the room must be equipped with ventilation, heating, electricity and water supply. You will also have to purchase specialized installations for disinfection - high-precision equipment is produced in clean conditions. The workshop area must be at least 300 m2.

Staff

For the full functioning of the enterprise, the following specialists may be required:

engineer (you can use the one-time services of a consultant);
sales managers (will work with the customer base, promote the product);
installers;
drivers.

An engineer and a driver may not be required if the enterprise is small. But the work of the manager and the installer must be divided, since one person will not be able to cope with his tasks equally well.

All employees must have knowledge and experience in working with high-tech equipment. Competent and qualified installers - a guarantee of the quality of the work being done. Active managers sales - ensuring a sufficient flow of customers.

Production registration

Even the opening of a small-scale production of solar panels will require registration as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. This will allow customers to ensure the reliability of the transaction and receive a guarantee for free service.

As a taxation system, it is better to choose UTII, individual entrepreneurs can also stop at the simplified tax system. Additionally, it is better to take out social state insurance.

Promotion and sales

Since solar panels are a new product on the Russian market, their sale will have to be given special attention. It will be necessary to independently inform the population about the benefits of using the panels. They will also have to be familiarized with the technologies used, the features of the use of devices.

It is better to promote such products targetedly. For example, posting leaflets in modern villages. Sales managers can call customers, invite them to free consultation or come by yourself. Additionally, it is worth spending money on placing ads in local newspapers, on thematic and regional forums.

Financial indicators

The opening of production will require at least 300,000 rubles. But to organize a full-fledged production line, much more serious investments are needed - about 6,000,000 rubles. It is very difficult for an entrepreneur to find such an amount. Large credit in banks give very reluctantly. The only way out of this situation is to attract investors.

The cost of a large solar panel starts from 20,000 rubles. Markup on ready product can be about another 10,000 - 20,000 rubles. In addition, the client pays for installing the battery - about 30,000 more rubles. It turns out that from each buyer you can get at least 40,000 rubles.

Of course, finding clients at the initial stage will not be easy. But with the development of the number of people wishing to use the solar battery will increase tenfold. And the entrepreneur will only have to make a profit, improve production and expand the scale of work.

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