The destroyer "Combat" was included in the lists of ships of the Navy on 12/03/1947 and on 12/21/1949 was laid down at plant No. 445 (serial number 1106). Launched on 04/29/1950, entered service on 12/19/1950 and 01/11/1951, raising the Naval flag, became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
Displacement: 3101 tons
Dimensions: length - 120.5 m, width - 12 m, draft - 4.25 m.
Maximum travel speed: 36.6 knots.
Cruising range: 3660 miles at 15.5 knots.
Power plant: GTZA type TV-6, two-shaft, 60,000 hp
Armament: 2x2 130-mm B-2-LM deck-tower artillery mounts, 2x2 85-mm 92-K turret gun mounts, 7x1 37-mm 70-K deck automatic anti-aircraft gun mounts (since 1951 re-equipped with V-11 anti-aircraft guns ), 2x5 533-mm torpedo tubes, 10 torpedoes, 2 BMB-1 or BMB-2 bombers, 2 stern bomb releasers, 74 depth charges, in overload up to 60 min.
Crew: 286 people.
Ship history:
Project 30 bis destroyer.
Starting to create the destroyers of the 30-bis project, Soviet naval specialists had experience in creating and combat use destroyers (pr. 7 and 7) and leaders (pr. 1, 20 and 38). Work on the destroyer pr. 30-bis was originally entrusted to the Central Design Bureau No. 17 (TsKB-17) of the People's Commissariat of the shipbuilding industry. The basis for this was the joint decision of the Naval Commissariat of the Navy and the NKSP dated 10/08/1945. However, less than two months had passed, when the composition of the armament of the new destroyer of the "second series" was finally approved by letter of the Naval Commission dated 11/28/1945 (project 30-bis ) and the executors of the project of the latter were reassigned - a new TsKB-53 was formed, A. L. Fisher was approved as the chief designer of this project. Soon, by resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N3 149-75 of 01/28/1947, the technical project 30 bis, finally developed in TsKB-53, was approved.
In the 30-bis project, in comparison with the "parent" project (the destroyer "Ognevoy" pr. 30), some changes were made: the main dimensions (length, width and side height) were slightly increased, the hull was for the first time fully welded, and its design allowed the use new, improved technology. The strength characteristics of hull structures corresponded to the then existing in military shipbuilding "Requirements for performing strength calculations for surface ship hull structures", published in 1944, and also, in particular, "Temporary method for calculating the strength of aft end structures".
The onboard weapons and weapons included 2X2-130 / 50 mm / cal, deck-tower artillery mounts "B-2-LM" (with an ammunition load of 150 rounds per barrel); 2X2-85/52 mm/cal, "92-K" turret gun mounts (ammunition load - 300 rounds per barrel), as well as 7X1-37/63 mm/cal of "70-K" deck automatic anti-aircraft gun mounts. Since 1951, the destroyers of Project 30-bis were re-equipped with new anti-aircraft guns of the same caliber "V-11" instead of the latter. Ammunition included 1200 shells per barrel. Torpedo armament consisted of two deck-guided five-tube 53 cm torpedo tubes of the ShA-53-Z0-bis type (ammunition load - 10 torpedoes) and the Mina-30-bis PUTS system. Anti-submarine weapons were provided by two BMB-1 type bombers " or "BMB-2", as well as two stern bombers with ammunition for large depth charges and small depth charges - 22 and 52 pieces, respectively. Destroyers could also take barrage mines into overload: 52 pieces of the "KB" type ("KB-KRAB" ) or 60 units of the "M-26" type.As on the EM pr. Radar for detecting surface targets "Rif-1", artillery radars "Redan" (for the main caliber) and "Vympel-2" (for anti-aircraft caliber). The Rym-1 station was used as a navigation radar. The crew of the destroyers consisted of 286 people including officers.
The creation of destroyers along the 30-bis project for Soviet shipbuilding has become an extraordinary phenomenon that has never been seen before. In the entire history of the domestic fleet and shipbuilding, it was planned to build the largest number of units in a series of large surface ships (in total, 68 units were built and commissioned into the Navy). Main technological processes, characterized by their own characteristics during the construction of the EM pr. 30-bis, were the plaza work, the processing of the metal of the hull, as well as the assembly and welding of the ship's hull on the slipway and outfitting work. During construction, the building was technologically "broken" into 101 sections; assembly and welding of the sections were carried out in the assembly (hull) shop in special "beds", after which the sections were transported to the slipway shop, where the assembly assembly and welding of the hull were carried out according to a given technology. Length welds was approximately 16,000 m; for welding work on one such ship, approximately 17 tons of welding electrodes were required.
The composition and layout, placement of the power plant and auxiliary mechanisms were approximately the same as on the EM project 30. The location of the boiler rooms and engine rooms is also echelon: two bow boiler rooms - one engine (bow) room; two aft boiler rooms - one (stern) engine room. The main steam boilers of the KV-30 type belonged to the type of water-tube four-collector boilers. They had a radiation-convective heating surface and air heaters with fan blowing air into the boiler room. GTZA type TV-6 was used as the main turbo-gear units on the destroyers of Project 30-bis. They developed forward power up to 60,000 hp. To transmit torque to the propellers, two propeller shaft lines were provided.
After the completion of the construction of the destroyers pr. 30 bis, some of the ships underwent modernization, during which a number of individual models of combat and technical means was replaced by more modern ones or was removed from the ship altogether. The main areas of modernization work carried out on the "thirty-bis", which at that time were part of our fleet, were the strengthening of radio-technical weapons, the combat means of ships that solved the tasks of air defense and anti-aircraft defense, as well as improving the living conditions for the personnel of the destroyers.
The sailors who served on the "thirty-bis" loved for their simplicity and reliability. And it was these destroyers who happened to begin the development of the oceans, where they later transferred the solution of the tasks of combat service to their more modern brothers.
The destroyer "Combat" was included in the lists of ships of the Navy on 12/03/1947 and on 12/21/1949 was laid down at plant No. 445 (serial number 1106). Launched on 04/29/1950, entered service on 12/19/1950 and 01/11/1951, raising the Naval flag, became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
On 08/03/1961, it was withdrawn from service and reclassified to the TsL, but on 11/25/1964 it was returned to the EM class and expelled from the USSR Navy in connection with the upcoming transfer of the Indonesian Navy.
Subsequently, he was part of the Indonesian Navy, and in 1973 was disarmed and sold for scrap.
In the domestic fleet today there is a steady confrontation between two different concepts of the development of the fleet. One group of sailors from among the tacticians and strategists is oriented towards the creation of universal ships of small and medium displacement for the fleet. According to the composition of weapons and their tactical and technical characteristics, such ships can perform a huge amount of work, from strike operations to search and patrol operations. The main argument of the supporters of this concept is the low cost of building such ships and the real opportunity to master mass production. The Russian Navy today really needs modern ships, and in large quantities.
The period has come when the rich legacy of the Soviet Navy has really worked out its resource and a full-fledged replacement of the ship's composition is required. Another group of naval strategists tends to create in Russia a powerful ocean-going fleet equipped with large warships. AT this case affects the thrust of the naval leadership to gigantomania, preserved from the Soviet period. The main argument of the supporters of this concept is tritely simple and relies more on ideological motives. A large country means you need to have a large fleet equipped with large warships. The destroyer project 23560 is a vivid confirmation of this. The history of the birth of the project and subsequent events clearly showed how ready the domestic shipbuilding and defense industry is to implement such ambitious plans. The ship being designed should be the response of the domestic fleet to the appearance in the ranks of Western fleets of similar ships, the American destroyer Zamwalt and the British destroyer Daring.
The new ship is a kind of suitability test for the Russian defense industry. The performance characteristics included in the project are by far the most advanced for military ships. Is it possible for the domestic industry to master the construction of new promising ships for the fleet in the required quantities, or will the destroyer of the Leader type become another leviathan in the Russian navy?
The birth of the project 23560 "Leader" - where the legs grow from
The Russian Supreme Naval Leadership has set an ambitious task for Russian designers to create a large warship, the design of which will embody all the advanced concepts and most modern technologies. The new destroyer should be smaller than domestic heavy cruisers type "Kirov", but larger than the American destroyer "Zamvolt".
It is planned to use a nuclear power plant on the ship, which significantly increases the range and operational life. On the American ship installed power plant of the usual type. In terms of technical equipment, power-to-weight ratio and combat equipment, the Russian ship should become more powerful than its American counterpart. Already evaluating the preliminary performance characteristics included in the project, we can safely say that typical elements of the next arms race are on the face. Project 23560 is another attempt to catch up and overtake technically Western navies. How much is good idea, it is difficult to judge now, but there are reasons why the construction of a vessel of this class for the Russian fleet remains open.
It should be noted that such large military vessels at Russian shipyards in modern conditions have not been built yet. Experience with modernization capital ships Soviet-built, which they are trying to use for the development and construction of a new destroyer. A promising ship can surprise even a specialist dedicated to the subtleties and details of the development of modern military fleets. The design of the ship incorporated a number of advanced technical innovations. Provision of the ship with radar and navigation equipment deserves a separate discussion. Stealth technology dominates the entire project. On top of that, the Russian Leader-class destroyer must be armed with the most advanced and powerful types of weapons, surpassing all domestic ships in combat capabilities.
The multi-purpose destroyer was designed for long-range operations. maritime zone. The functions of the ship included the fight against ground ships of all classes, providing anti-submarine and air defense of the formation of ships, fire support for landing operations. Assessing the functionality of the ship, its technical characteristics and combat capabilities, a reasonable question arises - why a destroyer. In terms of displacement and size, the ship being designed is more like a cruiser. All of these functions were previously assigned to the cruiser.
A small digression. Why the destroyer
Creating a new promising destroyer, Russian designers followed the beaten path, successful in other countries. Here, the “small fleet effect”, which Japan has been implementing for 50 years, probably worked. After the defeat in World War II, Japan lost its entire line and cruiser fleet. In the process of the revival of the fleet, the concept of building military vessels of small displacement was adopted. The destroyer-class ship was considered the main combat ship of the Japanese Navy self-defense. Over time, Japanese designers and sailors developed the concept of the destroyer, turning it into a completely different ship. Today, the Japanese Navy has destroyers-aircraft carriers and destroyers-landing craft. The displacement of these combat units far crossed the threshold that was set for ships of this class. Currently, destroyers have a displacement of 10-15 thousand tons.
Thus, the Japanese military decided to circumvent the restrictions in the military budget. It is much easier to get funding for the construction of a destroyer than to provide funding for a cruiser under construction, especially an aircraft carrier. It does not matter that during the construction process, a modest destroyer turns into a warship comparable in combat power and size to a battleship. This practice bore fruit and in a short time Japan managed to acquire a whole squadron of large ships of various classes, which can hardly be called destroyers.
In a similar way, they decided to go to the USA, where they decided to build the latest ships in a similar way. Having laid down the construction of the newest destroyer in the draft military budget, the Americans at the output received a warship comparable in size and combat power to a cruiser. The British also managed to build a new type 45 ship, which is considered a destroyer, in fact, it is quite comparable to a full-fledged cruiser.
In the domestic fleet, they did not reinvent the wheel and relied on the creation of a project for a promising warship. The destroyer project 23560 is a completely different type of combat vessel, which was previously built at domestic shipyards. In terms of armament and combat equipment, this ship is comparable to domestic nuclear-powered heavy cruisers of the Kirov type. The design cost in this case is much less, which makes it possible to build such ships in a large series.
The fate of the destroyers of the project 23560 type "Leader"
From all that huge amount of information about the project that is currently circulating in the press, on the Internet and on television, only a few details can be gleaned. It is planned that the newest Russian ship will be fully manufactured taking into account stealth technology. This concerns the use of composite materials in the construction of the main superstructures in giving the ship's hull optimal contours. The Project 23560 destroyer will be characterized by a high degree of automation of all major technological and combat processes. The nuclear power plant and the large size of the vessel will provide it with unlimited seaworthiness and cruising range. The newest ship should reach speeds of up to 30 knots. In addition to the strike and defensive weapons, it is planned to install hangars and take-off platforms on the ship for basing and receiving two helicopters.
With such technical specifications and parameters, the displacement of the ship inevitably increases, which, in accordance with the design data, can be about 9 thousand tons.
Initially, the state with the newest ship looked like this. Even in the high offices of the Main Headquarters of the Navy, there was a debate about what a new generation destroyer should become, and in the bowels of the Northern Design Bureau there were already preliminary work for project development. The idea to build such a ship for the domestic fleet appeared back in 2009, and only in 2013 was it approved. preliminary design new vessel.
The reason for this delay was that there was no consensus, neither among the sailors, nor among the designers, regarding the type of power plant for the new combat unit. Two concepts fought: to give preference to nuclear power plant or still concentrate on building ships with a conventional gas turbine engine. Accordingly, the choice in favor of one or another option inevitably led to a change in the main parameters of the vessel. With a nuclear power plant, the displacement of the ship increased significantly. It was about 12-14 thousand tons. With a conventional engine, the ship could theoretically fit into the design parameters, about 9 thousand tons.
It should be noted here that time has put everything in its place. While they were deciding what engines the new destroyer would be equipped with, the military-political and economic situation in the world had changed. Ukraine's refusal to supply gas turbine units for the construction of Russian ships led to the decision to orient the Leader-class destroyer project for a nuclear power plant. The project was planned to be prepared taking into account the new requirements in 2019, however, in these terms, it was only possible to start full-fledged design work.
Despite this, already in 2019 on International Salon, where samples of naval weapons were presented, Russia presented a model of the project 23560E ship, a promising export version of the destroyer. At this salon, the tactical and technical data that the new ship would have to have were only announced. As for the external appearance, it turned out that the model of the ship presented at the exhibition only conditionally reminds of the new development of the Russian defense industry.
In the export version, a promising ship should carry 64 launchers for Brahmos, Caliber-NK or Zircon anti-ship missiles. For air defense on the ship, 56 launchers of the marine version of the S-400 air defense system or a more modern modification of the S-500 Prometheus were responsible. Further, the firepower of the ship was enhanced by the installation of launch containers for the Redut anti-aircraft missile system.
In terms of combat power, the Russian project surpassed all military vessels existing today. strike complex combined with a powerful air defense system, made such a ship the most formidable opponents at sea. As it should be for a ship of this class, the Leader-class destroyer was also equipped with torpedo armament. Traditionally, it was decided to leave artillery on the ship, which is represented by an automatic 130 mm cannon in a turret.
Mysteries of the project 23560 and the real state of affairs
In order to imagine the full scale of the construction being started, one should deal with one nuance. Why did a ship that was supposed to become a destroyer manage to turn into a ship commensurate with a missile cruiser even at the design stage? The tasks that such a ship must solve look excessive for one ship. In this case, the situation that arose in Japan with the construction of the battleships Yamato and Musashi, the largest military vessels of this class, is comparable. An attempt to concentrate colossal firepower on one or two warships can turn into a catastrophe for the fleet.
Similar are the attempts by Russian sailors to create one or two large warships capable of assembling the firepower of an entire fleet on board. Whether this will be justified from a tactical and operational point of view, time will tell. So far, the situation is in its infancy and the amount of contracts that the construction of destroyers of the Leader type can turn into looks exorbitant.
If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.
Destroyers are high-speed multi-purpose ships that can perform a range of combat and border missions. They are equipped with guns installed on board to combat underwater, surface and air force. Destroyers are part of the escort of aircraft carriers and heavy cruisers, provide fire support for the landing force, and are engaged in patrolling and reconnaissance. If necessary, place minefields and perform other operations.
Such a variety of tasks performed makes the modern destroyer a universal vessel. It is one of the fastest among all specimens floating over long distances. At the same time, destroyers have the ability to create a smoke screen, thanks to which they can hide from the enemy. The dimensions and armament of such ships in different countries quite varied. These can be quite large ships with nuclear installations on board. At the same time, some armed forces call destroyers small maneuverable ships that can deftly bypass any obstacles.
Thus, the Israeli destroyer "Eilat", which previously belonged to the British, had a displacement of no more than two tons. During the Second World War, the main purpose of the ship was the Arctic escort of important military facilities from Britain to the USSR in the northern seas. However, even for those years, this size was too small for a similar class of warship. Not surprisingly, in 1967, she became the first ship in history to be able to sink anti-ship missiles. Egyptian boats fired 4 missiles into it, as a result of which the Eilat sank, and 47 crew members died with it.
The destroyer got its name due to the fact that in pre-revolutionary Russia torpedoes (which are the main armament of the described ship) were called "self-propelled mines." In English-speaking countries, this class of warships is called Destroyer, which means "fighter" in translation.
The history of the creation of destroyers
The first attempt to create a ship with a self-propelled mine on board was the American submarine Turtle, which was built at the end of the 18th century during the American War of Independence. However, the predecessor of the torpedo could not be attached to the bottom of the ship. In the middle of the 19th century, Russian shipbuilders also tried to install mine weapons on a steam boat. But he also sank at the testing stage. After unsuccessful attempts to install prototypes of future torpedo launchers on a warship, the main goal was to improve the ship's survivability.
Only in 1877 did the first operational ships with torpedo launchers appear. They were two ships at once: the British destroyer Lightning and the Russian Vzryv. Both were equipped with Whitehead torpedoes, which are designed to sink any kind of ships. Successful tests made it possible two years later to produce 11 more such vessels for England. During the same period, 12 French destroyers were built, as well as 1 each for Austria-Hungary and Denmark.
The first combat experience of the destroyers was the battle Russian Empire with Turkey: on January 14, 1878, two boats with mines on board sank the steamer Intibah, which is of Turkish origin. News of the rapid flooding spread across Europe. It became clear that, along with the construction of bulky battleships, it was necessary to produce light and maneuverable destroyers. The latter were easy prey for heavy enemy ships during the day, but at night they could swim quietly to critically close distances to the enemy and fire deadly torpedoes. So, less than 10 years after the construction of the first destroyers, most European navies already had many such ships in service. The following countries were the leaders:
- England - 129 ships;
- Russia - 119 ships;
- France - 77 destroyers.
Destroyer - prerequisites for creation, purpose of the ship
The development of destroyer construction threatened the existence of much more expensive heavy cruisers and battleships. It was necessary to create ships that are able to go to the open sea along with heavy ships. At the same time, they must carry weapons to destroy enemy small and maneuverable mine boats, as well as artillery, which will not allow the destroyers to approach the distance necessary for an attack. The shipbuilders were given the task of building destroyer fighters.
The first among such vessels was the ram destroyer "Polyphemus", made in Britain. Its length was over 70 meters. There were five torpedo launchers and 6 quick-firing guns on board. Another weapon was a stem - an elongated keel in the form of a ram, inside of which a torpedo launcher was located. However, this instance turned out to be rather unsuccessful due to the low speed and small-caliber artillery. Further, the British created a number of torpedo cruisers and boats, among which the Scout, Archer, Swift and others were considered the most significant. It should be noted that the leaders in the construction of the predecessors of the destroyers were the British and French.
Not only the UK was looking for options for building a new class of ship. The Japanese also received a destroyer-like ship, the Kotaka torpedo gunboat. In fairness, it should be noted that the British also built the ship. It was an armored destroyer - all the main elements were protected by an armored 25 mm layer of metal. The keel also had the shape of a ram. On board were 4 artillery guns and 6 torpedo tubes. The ship gained combat experience in the Sino-Japanese war of the late 19th century. On February 5, 1895, Kotaka torpedoes sank the Chinese cruiser Lai Yuan.
The first destroyers
The most successful and maneuverable destroyers at the end of the 19th century were considered French models. The British shipbuilder Alfred Yarrow, well-known in those years, went to France to study their new ships. Upon arrival home, he designed a new type of warships, which he gave the name Torpedoboats Destroyers - destroyer destroyers. In 1893, six newest ships were launched, which became the first examples of a new class of ships - destroyers. Two of these were built by Alfred Yarrow's company. Their speed was about 26 knots. Artillery included 67 mm and 57 mm guns, as well as three 457 mm torpedo launchers. These samples of destroyers had an elongated shape: with a length of almost 50 meters, the width of the vessel did not exceed 6 meters. Tests carried out at sea showed that the bow torpedo tube was unsuitable for work - self-propelled mines fired from it at full speed could be easily destroyed by the ship itself, it rammed them in the truest sense of the word.
Britain's ubiquitous competitor, France, built its first destroyer in 1894. In the first year of the 20th century, they also became the owners of a new class ship. And after 4 years, America was armed with 16 such ships.
Bainbridge-class US destroyers
The US launched the destroyer program after analyzing the military clashes between the Chileans in 1894 and the Sino-Japanese War of the same year. During naval battles, maneuverable and economical destroyers managed to sink several heavy and expensive cruisers. In addition, the war between America and Spain in 1898 made it clear to the Americans that Europe is already actively using destroyers, which easily cope with their tasks - they prevent the attack of American torpedo boats, while not inferior to them in speed. It was necessary to accelerate the development and construction of their own destroyers.
The first 13 Bainbridge-class ships were built in four years. Their length was 75 meters, the design speed was 28 knots. Armament included 2 75 mm and 6 57 mm guns, as well as two Whitehead torpedo tubes. Subsequent operation showed that these ships cannot sail long distances and do not withstand the promised speed. However, they were widespread in the Pacific Fleet and even participated in the First World War.
Destroyers of the Russian Imperial Navy
The first Russian destroyers were smaller in comparison with similar ships from their European neighbors. Their speed of movement did not exceed 25 knots. On board, as a rule, there were 2 light guns and no more than two rotary torpedo tubes. In addition, another torpedo launcher was located in the bow of the hull. The class of destroyers appeared in the Russian fleet only after the end of the war with Japan.
- Destroyers of the "Kit" type were launched in the amount of 4 units. One of them was blown up during the Russo-Japanese War, the rest took part in the First World War and were decommissioned only in 1925.
- Five destroyers of the "Trout" type were produced for the Russian Empire in France. However, a number of inconsistent moments revealed inconsistencies between planned and actual indicators. All ships participated in the Russo-Japanese War, 3 of them sank during the battles. The rest in 1907 were reclassified as destroyers. The destroyer's armament included 75 mm and 47 mm guns, as well as two rotary 380 mm torpedo launchers.
- The most numerous type of destroyer-class ships in Russia was the Sokol. A total of 27 units were launched. They were considered classic destroyers, but naval battles with Japan showed that all the equipment on board the ship was outdated.
- 10 destroyers of the "Buyny" type were built on the shores of Lake Ladoga. The basis for them was the project of the Yarrow company, which built the first serial destroyers for the Imperial Japanese Navy.
By the beginning of the First World War, Russia had already 75 destroyers in service. However, in fact, most of them did not have modern weapons.
Sokol-class destroyer
Another destroyer of the Russo-Japanese War of the Grozny type became a continuation of the Buiny destroyer series. The first ship of this series was commissioned in September 1904. Six months later, he participated in the Battle of Tsushima. After a crushing defeat Russian fleet Grozny, along with another destroyer, went to Vladivostok. However, Japanese destroyers and fighters discovered the vessel and launched an attack. The second destroyer - "Troublesome", raised a white flag and surrendered to the enemy. At this time, the pursuit of Grozny began. The Japanese destroyer "Kagero" was less than 4 kilometers from the Russian ship. After a long skirmish, both ships parted, having received multiple wounds. So the Terrible became one of the three surviving ships of the Pacific squadron that managed to get to Vladivostok. On the way, he ran out of fuel, as a result of which everyone went into the furnace wooden structures right down to the lifeboats.
Destroyer design changes in the early 20th century
The beginning of the 20th century was marked by the construction of ships with steam turbines, thanks to which the speed could be increased. The first destroyer with a steam engine was the British Viper, its speed reached 36 knots. During a storm, the ship split into two parts, but this did not stop the British, and soon they were armed with new steam destroyers.
Since 1905, the British again became the founders of a new type of fuel. Now the ships ran not on coal, but on oil. The displacement of destroyers was also increased from 200 to 1000 tons.
In the course of numerous tests, all countries abandoned underwater fixed torpedo tubes, leaving only rotary deck tubes. The size of the torpedo was also increased to 600 mm in diameter, the weight reached 100 kg.
It is worth noting that despite significant amount built destroyers in the late 19th - early 20th century, their armament was still at an insufficient level. The world leaders of the Navy did not have enough combat experience, the warring countries did not have the time and money to develop new models. However, the world was ahead of the First World War, where each country had to show their skills and dedication.
World War I
On the day Britain declared war on Germany, the English destroyer Lance launched the first torpedo aimed at the German ship Königin Louise. It is from this mine layer a mine was fired that blew up the first English ship.
British destroyers of World War I
The Lance-class destroyer was launched shortly before the start of the war - in February 1914. On board were 3 light 102-mm guns, 1 anti-aircraft gun and two 533-mm torpedo tubes. During a patrol in the North Sea, the ship's crew discovered a German ship placing mines in the path of British merchant ships. An order was immediately given to fire a 102-mm cannon in the direction of the enemy. There was no hope of salvation - the captain of the German "Queen Louise" ordered the ship to be sunk.
Chinese Type 052D destroyers
Since 2014, China has been in service with new type 052D destroyers. 13 ships are planned, as of January 2018, 6 ships are in service. On board is a 130-mm H / PJ-38 artillery mount, different kinds missile weapons, torpedo tubes, 1 helicopter. There is no information about the presence of anti-ship weapons in open sources.
It should be noted that the largest number of new destroyers is located in Asia. India and Japan also have new ships of this class. This behavior of the navies of the Asian powers is not accidental. One of the most unpredictable states is located there. What will be the actions of the DPRK and how the United States and NATO countries will react to this can only be guessed at.
Destroyer (destroyer) - a class of multi-purpose combat high-speed ships. Such combat units are designed to fight the enemy on the water, under water, in the air, as well as to destroy ground targets. The term "destroyer" comes from the old name for torpedoes - "self-propelled mines". The designation "squadron" indicates the ability of ships of this class to operate as part of squadrons. The first "harbinger" of destroyers is considered to be the British destroyer "Polyphemus", launched in 1881. He developed a speed of up to 18 knots and could fight enemy ships with the help of a ram and torpedoes. Modern destroyers are fundamentally different from their ancestors of the 19th century, they are fast, inconspicuous and carry mainly missile weapons, as well as equipped with standard aircraft (helicopters).
The editors of the weapons blog Full Afterburner assessed the capabilities of destroyers in service with various fleets of the world and named the Top 10 most prepared for modern combat operations.
1st place
Zumwalt-class destroyers (USA)
Length - 182 m, displacement - 14,500 tons. The main weapons of the destroyers of this series are 80 cruise missiles Tomahawk and artillery systems with a range of fire up to 120 km
jeffhead.com
Despite the fact that the ships are experimental and are only preparing to receive combat readiness status, in terms of their capabilities they are significantly ahead of all previous and current developments.
thebrigade.com
2nd place
Kolkata-class destroyers (India)
Length - 163 m, displacement - 7300 tons. The main armament of the new destroyer is BrahMos anti-ship cruise missiles of Russian-Indian production.
engie-axima.fr
Missile destroyers Kolkata have two subspecies - Project 15A and Project 15B (type Visakhapatnam). The 15B ships are an upgraded version of the 15A and have less radar signature.
engie-axima.fr
3rd place
Type 052D destroyers (China)
Length - 156 m, displacement - 7500 tons. Until 2018, the Chinese Navy plans to receive 12 ships of the 052D type
flickr.com
The destroyer is armed with a 130 mm artillery mount, a 30 mm anti-aircraft mount, missiles capable of hitting air, surface and ground targets, as well as mines and torpedoes.
quora.com
4th place
Sejong/KD-III class destroyers (South Korea)
Length - 165 m, displacement - 11,000 tons. The ships are equipped with the Aegis combat system and are analogous to American destroyers of the Arleigh Burke type
navy.mil
Each of the Sejong-class ships carries 16 anti-ship missiles, 128 air-to-air missiles, as well as cruise missiles and anti-submarine torpedoes.
wikiwand.com
5th place
Arleigh Burke-class destroyers (USA)
Length - 155 m, displacement - 9800 tons (dimensions of the last series of ships). Destroyers have been built by order of the US Navy since 1988. A total of 76 ships have been ordered, 62 of which have already entered service with the fleet.
navaltoday.com
Each of the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers carries more than a hundred missiles of various types (including cruise missiles), 6 torpedo launchers, and several types of artillery weapons.
navaltoday.com
6th place
Atago-class destroyers (Japan)
Length - 170 m, displacement - 7750 tons. Atago-class ships are built on the basis of Kongo-class destroyers, the prototype of which is the American Arleigh Burke-class destroyers
reddit.com
Atago-class destroyers are designed to detect and destroy ballistic missiles, aircraft and other flying objects.
navaltoday.com
7th place
Daring/Type 45 destroyers (Great Britain)
Length - 152 m, displacement - 8500 tons. The main task of these ships is to protect the fleet from air attacks
ukdefencejournal.org.uk
The PAAMS anti-aircraft missile system with the Sylver launcher is capable of protecting ships from both separately flying missiles and missiles fired in salvo
ukdefencejournal.org.uk
8th place
Horizon-class destroyers (France/Italy)
Length - 153 m, displacement - 7000 tons. Ships of the Horizon type are classified by the manufacturer as frigates, although in their dimensions and combat capabilities they fully correspond to the class of destroyers
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Type 956 destroyers "Sarych"
Length - 156 m, displacement - 8000 tons. The last of the destroyer-class ships designed and built in the USSR
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Each of the Sarych-class destroyers is armed with 48 missiles to destroy air targets, 8 anti-ship missiles, as well as torpedoes and mines
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Project 956 destroyers.
Project 956 destroyers (Sarych type, NATO code - Sovremenny class destroyer). The main purpose of the ship was considered to be providing fire support to the landing force in the landing area, destroying antiamphibious defense, equipment and manpower, and delivering artillery strikes on enemy warships and ships. Lead ship "Modern". Project 956 destroyers, officially classified as ships of the 1st rank.
Currently in the Russian Navy:
- KTOF - "Stormy" (repair), "Fast", "Fearless" (reserve)
- KSF - "Admiral Ushakov".
- DKBF - "Restless" (reserve), "Moskovsky Komsomolets" / "Persistent".
Total: operating destroyers of project 956 for 2013 - 3 units
Destroyer Modern.
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Destroyer Modern- Launched on November 18, 1978, and entered service on December 25, 1980. and already February 3, 1981. became part of the Northern Fleet (SF - 56 Brem 7 Opesk).
April 1984 took part, as part of the KUG, already in 3 exercises of the Northern Fleet - "Atlantic-84", "Arctic-84", and May "Squadron-84".
January 15 to June 4, 1985 military service in the Mediterranean Sea with the TAKR "Kyiv", the cruiser "V Vice Admiral Drozd", BOD " Marshal Timoshenko", " Slender" and the destroyer " Desperate".
August 28 - September 26, 1988 exercised control, together with BOD "Slender" and Em "Unstoppable", for the NATO exercises "Team Work-88" in the Norwegian Sea with tracking of the US Navy aircraft carrier "Forrestal \ Forrestal".
Board numbers: 670(1980), 760(1981), 618(1982), 680(1982),402(1982), 441(1984), 431(1988), 420(1990), 402(1992), 431( 1998), 753
Decommissioned: 1998
Destroyer Restless.
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Destroyer Restless- Launched on June 9, 1990., and entered service on December 28, 1991. and already February 29, 1991. Andreevsky flag was raised on the ship.
August 24, 1992 became part of the Baltic Fleet, part of the 128th brigade of surface ships of the 12th division of missile ships.
From 10 to 20 October 1994 ensured the visit of the English Queen to St. Petersburg, for which he was awarded a diploma of the President of Russia.
In 1995 took part in the exercises "Baltops-1995".
In 1996 was the flagship during the exercises "Baltops-96".
In 1997 participated in the exercises "Baltops-97".
In 2001 participated in the exercise "Baltops-2001".
Board numbers: 678 (1992), 620 (1993).
It is currently in the reserve of the 1st category.
Destroyer Fearless.
Destroyer Fearless- Launched on December 28, 1991, and entered service on December 30, 1993. and already April 17, 1994. became part of the Northern Fleet (SF - 56 Brem 7 Opesk).
May 1994 paid a visit to Oslo (Norway)
Since December 21, 1994 to March 22, 1996 military service in the Mediterranean. During the service, they visited Tartus (Syria) at the end of January, and Malta in February.
In 2004 received a new name "Admiral Ushakov", the ship inherited the name from the Red Banner heavy nuclear missile cruiser of the Northern Fleet, expelled from the Navy in June 2002.
Board numbers: 694 (1993), 678 (1995), 434 (1996).
Destroyer Rampant.
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Destroyer Rampant- Launched on September 30, 1989, and entered service on June 25, 1991. and already on July 30, 1991. became part of the Northern Fleet (SF-43rd division of missile ships of the 7th operational squadron)
Since December 1991 until December 1994, the destroyer was in the Ura Bay, providing security and defense for the TAKR " Admiral Kuznetsov» at the base point.
July 5, 1992 participated in a joint exercise with a detachment of American ships in the Barents Sea.
May 26 to May 31, 1993 made an official visit to the port of New York to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Battle of the Atlantic, after which they conducted exercises in maneuvering and communications with the US Navy.
December 9, 2007 was renamed "Thundering" and the guards flag was raised on the ship.
Board numbers: 682(1991), 444(1992), 435(1993), 406(1994). Decommissioned: 2012
Destroyer Irreproachable.
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Destroyer Impeccable- Launched on July 25, 1983, and entered service on October 6, 1985. and already on January 7, 1986. became part of the Northern Fleet (SF-56 bram 7 opesk)
August - December 1986 military service in the Mediterranean.
From 4 to 17 March 1989 military service in the Mediterranean Sea monitoring the NATO exercise "Nord Star" and following the aircraft carrier "America".
January 4 to July 25, 1991 military service in the Mediterranean Sea (together with the Kalinin TARKR).
Board numbers: 820(1985), 430(1986), 681(1987), 459(1987), 413(1990), 417(1992), 455(1994), 439(1995). Decommissioned: 2001
Destroyer Stormy.
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Destroyer Burny - Launched on December 30, 1986, and entered service on September 30, 1988. and already November 9, 1988. became part of the Baltic Fleet (BF-76 brrk 12 drk). November 13, 1989 transferred to the Pacific Fleet (TOF-193 brplk).
From January 3 to July 20, 1991 military service in the South China Sea based in Cam Ranh (Vietnam).
In August 1998 participation in Russian-American exercises to provide assistance in emergency situations.
In August 2005 combat service in the Sea of Japan and participation, together with the BOD " Marshal Shaposhnikov” in the joint Russian-Chinese exercises “Peace Mission 2005”.
Board numbers: 677(1988), 795(1989), 722(1990), 778(1994). Decommissioned: Since 2005 is under renovation.
Destroyer Quick.
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Destroyer Bystry - Launched on November 28, 1987, and entered service on September 30, 1989. and already October 30, 1989. became part of the Baltic Fleet (BF-76 brrk 12 drk). November 13, 1989 transferred to the Pacific Fleet (Pacific Fleet - 175 brigade of missile ships of the 10th OPESK).
From 21 to 23 June 1990 participated in the exercises of the Baltic Fleet under the flag of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy.
September 15 to November 3, 1990 made an inter-fleet transition to the Pacific Fleet together with the cruiser RKR Cherovna Ukraine.
From 24 to 26 April 1991 the destroyer participated in exercises to ensure air defense and anti-aircraft defense of the TAKR.
February 17, 1992 assisted in extinguishing a fire at the Admiral Zakharov BOD in the Amur Bay.
from 18 to 22 April 1992 military service in the Sea of Japan, together with EM "Fearless" conducted a search anti-submarine operation.
During the period from 11 to 17 December 1997. accompanied the nuclear submarine K-500, which was returning from combat service.
from 17 to 19 May 2010 participated in exercises in the area of the Sea of Japan, together with TAKR "Peter the Great", RKR "Varyag" and BOD " Admiral Panteleev".
In September 2011 participated in the exercises of the Pacific Fleet, as part of the RRC "Varyag", BOD "Admiral Vinogradov" and BOD "Admiral Tributs".
June 29 to August 7, 2012 participated in the international naval exercises "RIMPAK-2012".
Board numbers: 676 (1989), 786 (1991), 715 (1993).
In line.
E destroyer Combat.
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Destroyer Combat- Launched on August 4, 1984, and entered service on September 28, 1986. and already November 5, 1986. became part of the Baltic Fleet (BF-76 brrk 12 drk). November 13, 1989 transferred to the Pacific Fleet (Pacific Fleet - 175 brigade of missile ships of the 10th OPESK).
Since April 4, 1989 to September 23, 1989 military service in the Persian Gulf and the South China Sea.
July 31 to August 4, 1990 together with BPC Admiral Vinogradov"and the tanker "Argun" under the flag of Admiral G. Khvatov made a friendly visit to the naval base of San Diego (USA).
Board numbers: 678(1986), 640(12/20/1987), 728(1989), 770(1990), 720(1993)
Decommissioned: 2010
E destroyer Leading.
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Leading destroyer - Launched on May 30, 1987, and entered service on December 30, 1988. and already on August 7, 1989. became part of the Northern Fleet (SF-56 Brem 7 Opesk).
August 18, 1988 was renamed "Thundering" and the guards flag was raised on the ship.
From 26 to 31 August 1991 as a flagship took part in the celebration of the anniversary dedicated to the memory of the 50th anniversary of the first northern convoy "Dervish".
From 25 to 1 June 1993 paid an official visit to Liverpool (Great Britain) to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Battle of the Atlantic.
May 9, 1995 took part in the anniversary parade to the 50th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
Board numbers: 680(1988), 684(1989), 605(1990), 420(1990), 739(1991), 439(1991), 429(1995), 404(2005).
Decommissioned: 2006
Esk adren destroyer Winged.
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Destroyer Winged- Launched on May 31, 1986, and entered service on December 30, 1987. and already March 26, 1988. became part of the Northern Fleet (SF-56 Brem 7 Opesk).
March 4-17, 1989 with "Inspired" carried out control over the NATO exercises "Nord Star" and tracking "America".
From December 21-30, 1988 combat escort TARKR "Kalinin" to ensure the inter-fleet transition.
March 4-17, 1989 in the Norwegian Sea, as part of the KUG, it monitored the NATO exercises "Nord Star" for the aircraft carrier "Ark Royal" and "Intrepid".
Since December 1, 1989 to June 13, 1990 military service in the Mediterranean Sea, monitored the aircraft carrier "D. Eisenhower.
January 4-23, 1991 escort TARKR "Kalinin" for combat service in the Mediterranean Sea.
Board numbers: 670 (1986), 424 (1988), 444 (1990), 415 (1996).
Decommissioned: 1998
Esk adren destroyer Prudent.
Destroyer Prudent- Launched on April 24, 1982, and entered service on September 30, 1984. and already on December 7, 1984. became part of the Baltic Fleet (BF-76 brrk 12 drk).
August 21 - November 22, 1985 crossing from Baltiysk to Vladivostok around Africa as part of the KUG KR. "Frunze" and BOD " Admiral Spiridonov"after which he was enrolled in the 175 brigade of missile ships of the 10 operational squadron - Pacific Fleet.
In the middle of 1986 military service in the South China Sea.
February 15 to September 9, 1988 military service in the Persian Gulf, where he carried out escort and escort of ships.
Board numbers: 672(1984), 780(1986), 755(1986), 730(1992), 735(1993), 730(1997).
Decommissioned: 1998
Esk adren destroyer A great.
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Destroyer Excellent- Launched on March 21, 1981, and entered service on September 30, 1983. and already on December 15, 1983. became part of the Northern Fleet (SF - 56 Brem 7 Opesk).
January 17-24, 1985 joint exercises "Moncada-85" with the Cuban Navy with tracking of the aircraft carrier "Eisenhower".
January 20 to April 30, 1986 he served in combat in the Mediterranean. During his military service, he participated in the Molisit anti-submarine search operation, took part in the Dozor-86 exercises of the DKBF, and also monitored the Saratoga, America, and Enterprise aircraft carriers.
May 26 to December 18, 1988 military service with TAKR "Baku" in the Mediterranean Sea. During the service, he monitored the Eisenhower aircraft carrier, and also took part in joint exercises with the Syrian Navy.
Board numbers: 671(1983), 403(1985), 434(1988), 408(1990), 151(1991), 474(1992).
Decommissioned: 1998
Esk adren destroyer Desperate.
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Destroyer Desperate- Launched on March 29, 1980, and entered service on September 30, 1982. and already November 24, 1982. became part of the Northern Fleet (SF - 56 Brem 7 Opesk).
October 17 to November 6, 1983 military service in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean.
April 1984 took part, as part of the KUG, already with 3 exercises of the Northern Fleet - "Atlantic-84", "Arctic-84", and May "Squadron-84".
January 15 to June 4, 1985 military service together with TAVKR "Kyiv", BOD " Vice Admiral Drozd", BOD " Marshal Timoshenko"," Slender" in the Mediterranean Sea.
From 3 to 23 September 1987 combat service in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, monitored the aircraft carrier Forrestal.
March 9-17, 1987 combat service in the Atlantic Ocean with the provision of inter-fleet transition from the Baltic to the Northern Fleet of the Marshal Ustinov BOD.
September 3-23, 1987 combat service in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, monitored the aircraft carrier Forrestal.
Board numbers: 431(1981), 684(1982), 460(1984), 405(1987), 417(1990), 433(1990), 475(1991), 441, 417(1998).
Decommissioned: 1998
Esk adren destroyer Quick.
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Destroyer Quick- Launched on June 4, 1988, and entered service on December 30, 1989. and already on July 7, 1990. became part of the Northern Fleet (SF - 56 Brem 7 Opesk).
From 26 to 31 August 1991 took part in the celebration of the anniversary dedicated to the memory of the 50th anniversary of the first northern convoy "Dervish".
Board numbers: 447(1989), 673(1990), 633(1990), 400(1992), 420(1993).
Decommissioned: 2012
Esk adren destroyer Persistent.
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Destroyer Stable - Launched on 07/27/1985, and entered service on 12/31/1986. and already February 24, 1987. became part of the Pacific Fleet (Pacific Fleet - 175 brrk 10 opesk).
From October 1987 to April 1988 military service in the Persian Gulf, conducting convoys during the Iran-Iraq conflict.
January 15 to July 1990 military service in the South China Sea, Indian Ocean, passage through the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean Sea.
Board numbers: 679 (1986), 645 (1987), 719 (1989), 727 (1990), 743 (1993).