The twentieth century is a century of unceasing civil and world wars, a time of rapid processes and changes, a century of grandiose accomplishments, but at the same time terrifying events. This century brought many bloody and cruel battles, including naval ones. The Battle of the Skagerrak, the Battle of La Plata, the Battle of Tsushima and the defense of Port Arthur, the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the Battle of Midway - this list seems to be endless, as well as the list of warships created at that time.
How it all started
At the beginning of the 20th century, the number of military clashes between world powers increased exponentially, and this, in turn, led to the fact that the quality of their weapons and the number of their military equipment also grew inexorably, in particular, there was an active improvement in the construction of warships. The turning point in the development of military justice was the creation of battleships.
What is a battleship?
A battleship (short for "ship of the line") is such a class of military armored ships equipped with heavy artillery pieces. The length of these vessels ranged from 150 to 280 meters, and their displacement reached 70 tons. Created to destroy and destroy enemy ships, battleships were direct evolutionary successors of battleships. The progenitor of the class of battleships was the English ship Dreadnought, which was born in 1906. The Dreadnought had a steam turbine power plant, which provided it with tremendous speed at that time - 21 knots (translating knots into kilometers, we can say that its speed then reached 39 km / h). The construction of the Dreadnought and the use of its advantages in the open sea significantly changed the state of affairs in the naval arms race and in shipbuilding in general. So, following the British, one after another, countries began to create battleships with single-caliber guns and modernize them, wanting to overtake their rivals. Ships of this type received the name of their ancestor - "dreadnoughts", and more improved versions - "superdreadnoughts" and "superdreadnoughts".
The history of the creation of the series "Queen Elizabeth"
The next step in the development of world and military shipbuilding was the creation by the British of the battleships of the Queen Elizabeth class. In this series, five superdreadnoughts were designed and presented: Malaya, Valiant, Barham, Warspite and the lead ship, the Queen Elizabeth, named, like the series itself, in honor of the Queen of England, mistress of the seas, Elizabeth I. These ships owe their appearance to Winston Churchill, who, being the first Lord of the Admiralty, with his characteristic fuse and ideas, insisted on a different design of these battleships and on their significant modifications, ordering to supply these ships with super-heavy military guns. According to rumors, the United States, Germany and Japan are already actively improving their ships, ahead of the Royal Navy of Great Britain by several steps forward. There was no time for thorough armament tests, so Sir Winston Churchill had no choice but to take the risk and, taking responsibility, lay down a series of ships without waiting for the guns to be checked and tested. Fortunately, the risk was justified. On average, these ships of the line cost £1,960,000 to build.
Series Features
The battleship Queen Elizabeth and similar ships, as mentioned earlier, differed from their predecessors and had a number of features. First of all, these battleships had guns with a 15-inch caliber - a huge power for those times. Secondly, the superdreadnoughts of this series became the first large ships to run on oil fuel, previously battleships of this size were powered only by steam. Thirdly, the speed of the battleships of the Queen Elizabeth class reached 24 knots (if you translate knots into kilometers per hour, it will be clear that the speed of such ships reached 45 km / h). In addition, these ships had the highest metacentric height in the entire British fleet, which perfectly ensured their stability, helped to withstand wave blows and strong gusts of winds.
Battleship "Queen Elizabeth": characteristics and description
The lead ship of the series was laid down at the Portsmouth Navy Yard on October 12, 1912. built in as soon as possible, it was launched in October of the thirteenth year and was later completed afloat. The outbreak of the First World War also contributed to the accelerated completion of the ship, so it is not surprising that at the beginning of 1915 the battleship was already part of
The length of the battleship Queen Elizabeth is 183.41 m, the width is 27.6 m, the standard displacement is 29,200 tons. The armor of this ship is almost identical to its predecessor, the Iron Duke, with the exception of some elements, for example, the layer of metal armor along the waterline has been increased, and along the main deck, on the contrary, it has been weakened. Superdreadnought armament: 8 (381 mm), 16 anti-mine installations (152 mm), 2 anti-aircraft guns (76 mm), 4 underwater single-tube torpedo tubes (533 mm). The Queen Elizabeth used Parsons turbines and 24 Babcock and Wilcox boilers. Thus, the power of this battleship reached 75,000 horsepower.
The further fate of the battleship
In 1915, the battleship Queen Elizabeth was sent to the Dardanelles to support the amphibious landings during the Battle of Gallipoli, during this mission the British battleship sank a Turkish transport in the shallow bay of Nagara with a third salvo. Despite high speed and super-heavy guns, the lead ship could not participate in the largest battle of the First World War - the Battle of Jutland, but in 1917 it became the flagship of Admiral David Beatty, commander of the Grand Fleet.
Second World War found the battleship "Queen Elizabeth" at the time of modernization. Until 1941, the ship "Queen Elizabeth" served in the British Home Fleet. But in December of 1941, while anchored in Alexandria, the battleship was badly damaged by Italian frogmen using magnetic mines, which led to the formation of a large hole and the flooding of many compartments. After repairs, the battleship was sent to the Indian Ocean and from the beginning of 1944 became the flagship of the Eastern Fleet, making several raids on the islands of Indonesia and Malaysia. In July 45, the battleship Queen Elizabeth made her last military campaign, went into reserve in August of the same year and was sold for scrap a couple of years after that.
CruClub Specialist Commentary
queen elizabeth- a new, modern liner. this ship you can travel through Northern Europe, as well as the Mediterranean, and at the same time the most popular port of departure is London (Southampton). Literally everything on the ship is somehow connected with Britain. The interiors of the liner, decor, atmosphere create the feeling of a British city with its distinctive features and peculiarities. The famous tea ceremonies at 5 pm, British music, as well as themed entertainment and parties further enhance the experience. At the same time, you will not meet British personnel on board, but you will pay in American currency.
This liner deserves 5 * and is ideal for those who are in love with Britain.
In autumn 2010 the company Cunard replenished her fleet liner queen elizabeth.
On board this ship, you can experience the charm of the 1930s. The decoration of the liner is a three-story lobby with a solemn staircase, charming balconies, as well as a sculpture 5.6 meters high.
The two-tiered library is also an adornment of this ship. It is done in warm colors, with natural light and an incredible glass ceiling.
Queens Room is another atmospheric place, the interior of which uses a lot of expensive materials, and the atmosphere gives the impression that you have been transported to another place and time. Here you can enjoy afternoon tea, as well as waltz in the evenings on the artfully laid parquet.
On the ship:
- maritime museum Cunardia
- internet center
- conference center
- 7 bars and cafes
- 3 main restaurants
- children's program
- spa and fitness center
- cigar room
- Club Commodore
- empire casino
- night club
- library
- Ballroom
- theatre
- winter Garden
Food:
Depending on the cabin you booked, you will be assigned a table in one of the three restaurants. Breakfast and lunch in these restaurants are served with an open change of food, dinner - in two shifts. There are several alternative restaurants on board, offering cuisines of the peoples of the world (traditional English, Italian, Asian and other cuisines). 24 hour cabin service is at your service. Breakfast and lunch are also served in the buffet restaurant.
Entertainment, sports:
Concert hall, cigar club, many bars, night club, casino, slot machines, dance hall, SPA center (massage, thalassotherapy, sauna, wellness programs), beauty salon, gym, gym, winter garden, swimming pools, table tennis, library, book store, lecture center, kids club, boutiques.
Date of the last renovation of the ship: November 2018.
Their design had much in common with the Iron Duke-class ships, but at the same time contained a number of important innovations, so the construction of the Queen Elizabeth-class battleships should be considered one of the turning points in the history of military shipbuilding.
| Type "Queen Elizabeth" | |
|---|---|
| Queen Elizabeth class | |
| battleship Queen Elizabeth |
|
| Project | |
| Country | |
| Operators | |
| Previous type | "Iron Duke" |
| Follow type | "Rivenge" |
| Years in service | 1914-1947 |
| Scheduled | 6 |
| Built | 5 |
| Sent for scrap | 4 |
| Losses | 1 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 29,200 tons (standard) 33,020 tons (full) |
| Length | 183.41 m (between perpendiculars) 197.03 m (largest) |
| Width | 27.6 m (largest overhead line) |
| Draft | 9.35 m (at standard displacement) 10.35 m (at full displacement) |
| Booking | Main belt: 330-203 mm, at the ends: 152 mm (bow), 102 mm (stern) Top belt: 152 mm Traverses: Citadels: 152 mm (bow), 102 mm (stern) Anti-torpedo bulkhead: 50.8 mm (25.4 + 25.4) Towers: 330 mm (forehead), 280 mm (sides), 108 mm (roof) Barbets: 254-178 mm (above upper deck), 102-152 mm (below upper deck) Casemates: 152 mm Conning tower: 280 mm (walls), 76.2 mm (roof), 102 mm (rangefinder post), 152 mm (mine), 102 mm (below the upper deck) Torpedo firing control post: 152 mm, 102 mm (above upper deck) Chimney casings: 38 mm Decks: Foredeck deck over casemates: 25.4 mm Upper deck: 50.8-31.8mm Main (middle) deck above the cellars: 31.8 mm Lower deck: 25.4mm Platform (intermediate deck): in the bow - 25.4 mm, at the ends 76.2 mm, above the steering gear: 76.2 mm |
| Engines | 24 Babcock and Wilcox boilers (Queen Elizabeth, Valiant, Malaya), Yarrow (Berham, Warspite) 4 direct drive Parsons steam turbines (Brown-Curtis on Barham) |
| Power | 75,000 liters With. (forced) 56,000 hp (nominal) |
| mover | 4 fixed pitch propellers |
| travel speed | 23 knots 24 knots max |
| cruising range | 5000 miles at 12 knots |
| Crew | 960-1250 people |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 8 (4 × 2) - 381 mm/42 Mk I guns 16×1 - 152mm/45 Mk XII |
| Flak | 2 (2×1) - 76.2 mm anti-aircraft guns |
| Mine and torpedo armament | 4 single-tube underwater 533 mm SLTs |
| Media files at Wikimedia Commons | |
Series history
Design
After the caliber of the main artillery was chosen, it was time to prepare a project for the carrier ship of this weapon. The initial design had a standard layout: ten guns in five turrets - two at the extremities of the linearly elevated and one in the middle of the ship, a speed of about 21 knots, side armor 330 mm thick. Calculations showed that the mass of the 381-mm projectile allows for the possibility of reducing the number of guns to eight, and even in this case, superiority in salvo over the Iron Duke is ensured. Ten 343 mm Mk.V guns gave a side salvo of 6350 kg, and eight 381 mm guns had a side salvo of 6804 kg. As a result, by eliminating the middle tower, the saved weight and space made it possible to install additional mechanisms and boilers to obtain more high speed. In this regard, a new tactical concept was developed for the use of new battleships. It was supposed to create a high-speed link from them, which would be able to cover the enemy column or, with its powerful fire, sharply increase the firepower of some part of the fleet, concentrating fire on a separate enemy ship or squadron. For this use of battleships, a speed of at least 23 knots is required, and even 25 knots is better.
Design
Placing a battery of anti-mine guns was certainly a weak point in the project. As on the Iron Duke, they suffered the same - in fresh weather they were flooded with water. The stern gun had to be dismantled.
Booking
The distribution of armor is similar to the Iron Duke, somewhere the armor protection of the new battleships has been improved, somewhat weakened. The thickness of the armor belt along the waterline increased from 305 to 330 mm, and along the main deck the thickness of the armor decreased from 203 to 152 mm. All bulkheads had a thickness of 152 mm, under the barbette of the tower "A" the thickness of the bulkhead was reduced to 51 mm. The deck armor was reduced in places to 6 mm, but in general it was 95 mm in the middle part of the ship instead of 89 mm on the Iron Duke, and anti-torpedo bulkheads, the thickness of which increased from 38 mm to 51 mm, ran along the entire hull, but not behind them there were coal pits.
Armament
| Basic ballistic data for British main battery guns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caliber (mm) | 305 | 305 | 343 | 343 | 381 |
| brand | X | XI | V(L) | V(H) | I |
| Barrel length (calibers) | 45 | 50 | 45 | 45 | 42 |
| Weight of implement without lock (kg) | 57 708 | 66 700,4 | 76 198,4 | 76 198,4 | 98 704,4 |
| Projectile weight (kg) | 385,55 | 385,55 | 566,98 | 635,02 | 870,89 |
| Charge weight (kg) | 117 | 139,25 | 132,9 | 134,78 | 194,1 |
| Muzzle velocity (m/s) | 869,25 | 918,051 | 787 | 762,5 | 747,25 |
| Projectile armor penetration (mm) at the muzzle |
406 | 426 | 439 | 439 | 457 |
| Projectile speed (m/s) at a distance of 9140 m |
579,5 | 610 | 579,5 | 554,25 | 554,25 |
| Projectile energy (kgf m) at a distance of 9140 m |
6 587 723 | 7 299 976 | 9 688 010 | 10 287 316 | 14 107 700 |
| Projectile armor penetration (mm) at a distance of 9140 m |
259 | 284 | 320 | 318 | 356 |
Power point
The power plant of the Queen Elizabeth-class ships consisted of two sets of Parsons or Curtis steam turbines with direct shaft transmission. Each set of turbines consisted of forward and reverse high pressure turbines and forward and reverse low pressure turbines. The engine room was divided into three longitudinal compartments. The low-pressure turbines were in the middle compartment, and the high-pressure turbines were in the outer ones. They drove four three-bladed propellers made of manganese bronze. Despite the projected speed of 25 knots, due to the construction overweight, the ship had an increased draft and never developed more than 24 knots due to greater hydrodynamic resistance. Without forcing cars, the speed was 23 knots.
Auxiliary mechanisms
Two 450 kW turbogenerators and two 200 kW turbogenerators provided the ship with electricity at a constant voltage of 200. The seawater desalination system consisted of two plants with a total capacity of 650 tons per day.
Representatives
Canadian Bill of Naval Assistance 1912 ( Borden's Naval Aid Bill) assumed the allocation of funds for the construction of three modern dreadnoughts (possibly Acadia, Quebec and Ontario), which, most likely, should have become three more ships of this type, similar to the sponsored by the Federated States of Malaya Malaya. However, the bill was rejected by the Canadian Senate, in which the opposition Liberal Party held the majority of seats. It is not known whether these ships should have served in the Royal Navy, like Malaya or battle cruiser"New Zealand", or join the Royal Canadian Navy.
Project evaluation
| "New York " |
"Queen Elizabeth" |
"Iron Duke" |
"Derflinger" |
"Koenig" |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bookmark year | 1911 | 1912 | 1912 | 1912 | 1911 |
| Year of commissioning | 1914 | 1915 | 1914 | 1914 | 1914 |
| Displacement normal, t | 27 432 | 29 200 | 25 400 | 26 600 | 25 390 |
| Full, t | 28 820 | 33 020 | 30 032 | 31 200 | 29 200 |
| SU type | PM | Fri | Fri | Fri | Fri |
| Power, l. With. | 28 100 | 56 000 | 29 000 | 63 000 | 31 000 |
| Full speed, knots | 21 | 23 | 21,25 | 26,5 | 21 |
| Maximum speed, knots | 21,13 | 24 | 21,5-22,0 | 25,5-26,5 | 21,2-21,3 |
| Range, miles (on the move, knots) | 7684 (12) | 5000 (12) | 4500 (20) 8100 (12) |
5600 (14) | 6800 (12) |
| Booking, mm | |||||
| Belt | 305 | 330 | 305 | 300 | 350 |
| Deck | 35-63 | 70-95 | 45-89 | 50-80 | 60-100 |
| towers | 356 | 330 | 279 | 270 | 300 |
| Barbets | 254 | 254 | 254 | 260 | 300 |
| felling | 305 | 279 | 279 | 300 | 350 |
| Armament layout | |||||
Appendix No. 3. Chronology of the service of battleships of the type "Queen Elizabeth"
"Queen Elizabeth"
February 1915 Transferred to the Mediterranean.
From February 25 to May 14, 1915, the flagship of the Eastern Mediterranean connection. Takes part in the Dardanelles operation. In battles with Turkish forts, the consumption of ammunition amounted to 86 381-mm and 71 152-mm shells. The battleship was then withdrawn. The reasons for this are unknown. The official version is the wear of the barrels of the main caliber guns, the unofficial one is the fear of losing the battleship.
June 1916 Interim flagship of the 5th battleship brigade.
September 9-70, 1917 US Admiral Mayo's flag is hoisted on the Queen Elizabeth. This event was unique in the life of the ship and the entire English Royal Navy.
November 15, 1918 On board the battleship, the German delegation accepted the conditions of internment, in fact, the surrender of the ships of the High Seas Fleet.
November 21, 1918 "Queen Elizabeth" takes the Grand Fleet out to sea, towards the surrendered German fleet. After the "rendezvous" takes him to the bay of Abeledi (Isle of May).
July 1919 - July 1924 (according to other sources, November 1924). Flagship of the Atlantic Fleet.
July 1924-1926. Flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet.
April 1926 Return to England.
December 1940 The Royal Navy decides to relocate the ship to Rosyth, although the work has not yet been completed, as there were serious fears that the battleship would be damaged during one of the German air raids and would not be able to enter the active fleet.
January-April 1941 "Queen Elizabeth" as part of the 2nd brigade of the Metropolitan Fleet. Hunting for German raiders.
Late April - early May 1941. A decision was made to transfer the battleship to the Mediterranean Sea.
May 3-12, 1941 Operation Tiger. Conducting a caravan through the Mediterranean Sea from Alexandria to Gibraltar. At the beginning of the journey, it consisted of 5 transports. The escort consisted of the battlecruiser Rinaun, the aircraft carrier Ark Royal, 2 light cruisers and 3 destroyers. The guards included: the battleship Queen Elizabeth, the cruisers Nyad, Gloucester and Fiji, 4 destroyers. On May 9, 1941, a torpedo passed near the side of the Queen Elizabeth. On May 12, all British formations arrived in Gibraltar and Alexandria 1 transport lost.
Mid-May 1941 Queen Elizabeth, as part of Vice Admiral Pridham Whippel's Formation A, which also included the battleship Barham and 5 destroyers, is patrolling west of Crete.
May 20, 1941 German airborne assault on Crete. The Queen Elizabeth and the rest of the ships of Compound A are taking fuel at Alexandria.
May 25, 1941 "Queen Elizabeth" as part of the squadron of Vice Admiral Pridham Whippel goes to sea. Together with her, the battleship "Barham", the aircraft carrier "Formidable" and 9 destroyers went to sea.
May 26, 1941 Aircraft carrier aircraft were supposed to bomb the airfield in Scarpanto. During the bombardment, several German dive bombers were destroyed. On the way out, the British ships attacked the Luftwaffe aircraft. U-87 dive bombers damaged the aircraft carrier and destroyer Nubien
May 27, 1941 Ju-87 aircraft damaged Barham. The Queen Elizabeth, the only heavy ship, was not damaged.
Summer-autumn 1941 Service in the fleet.
November 23-25, 1941 The Italians conduct several small convoys to North Africa. The Maltese strike force "K" comes out to intercept. Then, following the order of Prime Minister W. Churchill, the main forces of the Mediterranean Fleet go to sea, divided into two formations: "A": the battleships "Queen Elizabeth", "Barham" and "Valiant", 8 destroyers. Connection: "B": 5 cruisers and 4 destroyers.
December 6, 1941 "Queen Elizabeth" was attacked by the submarine "U-79" (Lieutenant Commander Kaufmann).
Night from December 13 to December 14, 1941. The Italian submarine Shire (Captain 2nd Rank Borghese) fired 3 Maiele torpedoes. They managed to lay mines under the battleships Queen Elizabeth and Valiant and the Norwegian tanker Segona. The explosion thundered under the boiler room "B". On the Queen Elizabeth, 11,000 square feet of double bottom were damaged, and boiler rooms were flooded. The ship was on the ground. The battleship "Valiant", the tanker and the destroyer "Jervis" located at its side were damaged. The British managed to hide the fact of damage to the ships from enemy intelligence.
July-December 1943 Battleship in the fleet of the Metropolis. Combat training course.
December 30, 1943 The 1st brigade of battleships of the Eastern Fleet leaves Scapa Flow: Queen Elizabeth, Valiant and battlecruiser Rinaun. In the Clyde region, a rendezvous with the aircraft carrier Illustrious. The connection went to the Indian Ocean, making a call to Madagascar along the way.
February-March 1944 Combat training course.
March 21, 1944 Operation Diplomat. Ships of the British Eastern Fleet, Admiral Somerville, leave Colombo. Battleships Queen Elizabeth, Valiant, battlecruiser Rinaun, aircraft carrier Illustrious, cruisers London, Gambia (New Zealand), Ceylon and Cumberland and 11 destroyers flying the English, Australian and Dutch flags .
Noon March 27, 1944 Rendezvous with the American formation TG 585 (aircraft carrier Saratoga and 3 destroyers). The rendezvous point is southwest of Cocos Island.
April 16, 1944 First day of Operation Cockpit, an aircraft carrier raid on the port of Sabang, northeast coast of the island of Sumatra. The British Eastern Fleet put to sea in two formations, consisting of the battleships Queen Elizabeth, Valiant, and other ships.
May 6, 1944 Beginning of Operation Transom (aircraft carrier raid on Surabaya, Java). The British Eastern Fleet puts to sea (the battleships Queen Elizabeth, Valiant, Richelieu and other ships).
June-July 1944 Combat training.
July 25, 1944 34 Corsairs were launched from the aircraft carriers Illastries and Victories to attack airfields in the Sabang area. The flagship battleship Queen Elizabeth led the Valiant, Rinaun and Richelieu. Fire was opened with the main caliber on the enemy port. Ammunition consumption was 294 381 mm, 134 203 mm, 324 152 mm, 500 127 mm, 123 102 mm shells. The Dutch cruiser "Tromp" and 3 destroyers entered the harbor.
July 27, 1944 The British fleet returned to base. August - September 1944 Service in the fleet.
August 23, 1944 Change of command of the Eastern Fleet, the place of Admiral Somerville was taken by the winner of the Scharnhorst, Admiral Fraser. The composition of the fleet has also changed. It included the battleships Howe, Queen Elizabeth, Richelieu, the battlecruiser Rinaun, the aircraft carriers Indomiteble, Victories, Illastries, 11 cruisers and 36 destroyers.
October-November 1944 Queen Elizabeth undergoing repairs at the shipyard in Durban.
November 22-23, 1944 Reorganization of the British Eastern Fleet. It was divided into two fleets. All the newest ships became part of the newly formed Pacific Fleet. Admiral Fraser was appointed commander. The British Eastern Fleet included: the battleship Queen Elizabeth, the battlecruiser Rinaun, 5 escort aircraft carriers, 8 cruisers, 24 destroyers. Another battleship of the Eastern Fleet "Richelieu" was being repaired in Europe. Vice Admiral Power took command.
December 1944 Service in the fleet.
January 7-6, 1945 Operation "Motodor". The British land two brigades on Ramri Island. The battleships "Queen Elizabeth", the cruiser "Phoebus", 2 destroyers and a number of small ships carry out artillery preparation and support for the landing. Air operations were carried out by aircraft from the Emir escort aircraft carrier. An attempt by 18 Japanese aircraft to attack the bridgehead was repulsed.
January-April 1945 "Queen Elizabeth" performs various tasks.
April 8 (according to other sources, 7) April 1945. The first day of Operation Sunfish, the TF-63 formation, the battleships Queen Elizabeth, Richelieu, the heavy cruisers London and Cumberland, escort aircraft carriers "Emperor" and "Khedive", 4 destroyers.
April 27, 1945 As part of Operation Bishop, ships of the TF-63 formation (battleships Queen Elizabeth, Richelieu, escort aircraft carriers Shah and Empress, cruisers Cumberland, Suffolk, Ceylon "and" Tromp "and 5 destroyers) fired at Port Blair.
May 10, 1945 British submarines discovered the Japanese heavy cruiser Haguro and the destroyer Kamikaze. After receiving this information, the "TF-61" formation was formed (the battleships "Queen Elizabeth", "Richelieu", etc.).
My 75th 1945 Return to the base.
Late May - early July 1945 Service in the fleet.
July 12, 1945 The battleship "Rodney" was enrolled in the Eastern Fleet. The Queen Elizabeth is ordered to return to England.
August 1945 - March 1948 Used as a floating barracks at Portsmouth, Rosyth and Portland.
"Worspite"
End of March - beginning of April 1915 Passing tests and combat training course.
April 1915 Arrived at Scapa Flow and joined the 5th squadron of the Grand Fleet.
May 31, 1916 Participated in the Battle of Jutland. The battleship used up 259 shells and scored several hits on German battleships and battlecruisers. He himself received 29 hits with heavy shells. Of these, 15 are 280 mm and 305 mm. Crew losses 14 killed, 16 wounded. In the evening I received an order to return to base on my own.
June 7, 1916 During the return to the base was attacked by the submarine "U-51". Two torpedoes passed by, the ship went full speed. After 2 hours, attacked by the submarine "U-66" which barely managed to escape from the ramming.
February 1918 Flagship of the 5th Battleship Squadron.
March - November 1918 Service in the fleet.
1919 - May 1921 "Worspite" as part of the 2nd battleship brigade of the Atlantic Fleet.
April - May 1926 Preparation and transition to the Mediterranean Sea.
July 1928 Landing in the Aegean.
August - December 1928 Return to England. Repair work.
January 1929 Crossing to the Mediterranean.
May 1930 Transferred to the 2nd Battleship Brigade, Atlantic Fleet.
March 1934 Start of modernization.
June 29, 1937 Official completion of work. The Warspite becomes the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet.
January 1938 Arrival in the Mediterranean.
End of October 1939. The ship received an order to be transferred to the Metropolitan Navy.
November 1939 Transition to England. The command of the Royal Navy decided to use the ship in guarding convoys from Halifax.
End of November 1939. The German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau went to sea on November 23rd. The British Admiralty sent a battleship to patrol the Denmark Strait.
April 7, 1940 German operation to occupy Denmark and Norway. The British fleet of the mother country goes to sea, hoping to impose a fight on the German fleet.
April 10, 1940 Warspite and the aircraft carrier Furies join the Home Fleet, which continues its fruitless search off the western coast of Norway.
April 11, 1940 Fleet Commander Admiral Forbes released all light cruisers and destroyers to replenish fuel supplies. And he himself led the battleships Rodney, Valiant, Warspite, the aircraft carrier Furies, the heavy cruisers York, Berwick, Devonshire to Trondheim. Torpedo bombers from the aircraft carrier Furies attacked the German destroyers in the harbor, but to no avail. The main object of attack, the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper, slipped away.
April 12, 1940 "Worspite" becomes the flagship of the destroyer connection. They were supposed to destroy the German destroyers in the port of Narvik and prepare a bridgehead for the allied landing.
April 13, 1940 Second battle at Narvik. The Warspite and escort destroyers destroy eight German destroyers. The battleship destroys the destroyers Erich Kellner and Erich Giese. The catapulted aircraft "Swordfish" destroyed the German submarine "U-64" (commander-lieutenant Schultz).
April 13-April 19, 1940 Warspite supports Allied forces near Narvik with fire. A detachment of the ship's marines takes part in the battle on land.
April 14, 1940 The battleship was attacked by the submarine "U-47" (Lieutenant Commander Prien). The attack was unsuccessful, the fuses of the German torpedoes did not work.
April 24, 1940 Fleet Admiral Lord Cork's formation, consisting of Worspite, cruiser Effingham (flagship) Aurora, Enterprise and 1 destroyer fired on German troops on the coast.
Late April - early May 1940. The Admiralty decided to return the Worspite to the Mediterranean.
The second half of May - the beginning of June 1940. Service in the Mediterranean Fleet.
July 11, 1940 Admiral Cunningham's ships of the Mediterranean Fleet put to sea. These were the battleships Warspite (flagship), Malaya, the aircraft carrier Eagle, the 7th cruiser brigade (Orion, Neptune, Sydney, Liverpool, Gloucester, 1 old light cruisers " Caledon", "Calypso", 8 destroyers). The purpose of the exit is to search for enemy communications off the Libyan coast.
July 9, 1940 Battle of Calabria (Punto Stilo). In the very first minutes of this battle, the Warspite hit the battleship Giulio Cesare.
July 21 - July 30, 1940 The main forces of the Mediterranean Fleet battleships Warspite, Royal Sovereign and Malaya covered the convoy operation in the Aegean Sea.
August 16, 1940 The ships of the Mediterranean Fleet put to sea: the battleships Warspite, Malaya, Rammilies, the heavy cruiser Kent and 12 destroyers.
August 29 - September 6, 1940 "Worspite" took part in the operation of escorting replacements for the Mediterranean Fleet and escorting a convoy to Malta. Connection "H" also took part in the operation.
September 28 - October 3, 1940 Operation "MV-5". The Mediterranean Fleet (the battleships Warspite and Valiant, the aircraft carrier Illustrious, the cruisers York, Orion, Sydney, 11 destroyers) puts to sea. The goal is to cover the cruisers Liverpool and Gloucester with troops that were being transported from Alexandria to Malta.
October 8-14, 1940 British operation "MV-6", escorting a convoy to Malta. Long-range cover was provided by the Mediterranean Fleet (battleships Warspite, Valiant, Malaya, Rammilies, aircraft carriers Eagle, Illustrious, cruisers York, Gloucester, Liverpool, Ajax, " Orion", "Sydney" and 16 destroyers). The convoy safely reached Malta.
November 25, 1940 Ships of the Mediterranean Fleet go to sea: battleships Warspite, Valiant, cruisers Ajax, Orion, Sydney and destroyers. They cover the cruisers with troops going to Gibraltar.
Late November - mid-December 1940 Service in the fleet.
On December 20-22, 1940, the Warspite (Admiral Cunningham's flagship) independently went to Malta, where it stayed until December 22.
On January 3, 1941, the battleships Warspite, Valiant, Barham and 7 destroyers supported the troops advancing on Bardia with fire.
January 6, 1941 Maltese, Piraeus convoys and cruisers with troops for Malta are at sea. Ships of Formation "A" (battleships Warspite and Valiant, aircraft carrier Illastries and 8 destroyers) leave Alexandria to cover them.
January 10, 1941 Escort destroyer Gallant hit a mine and was towed to Malta. For the first time, German aircraft appeared over the Mediterranean. U-87 dive bombers seriously damaged the aircraft carrier. One of the bombs hit the bow of the battleship "Worspite", the damage was minor.
February - March 1941 Service in the fleet.
On March 27, 1941, British radio intelligence read several Italian and German radiograms, which spoke of the operation of the Italian fleet in the Crete area. The British Mediterranean Fleet put to sea. Soon, British air reconnaissance discovered enemy ships.
March 28, 1941 Battle of Matapan. In the morning, an unequal battle between the British cruisers and part of the forces, including the battleship of the Italian fleet. All day long, the Italian ships were attacked by British deck and coastal aircraft. The Vittorio Veneto and the cruiser Pola were damaged. Shortly before midnight, British battleships located the Italian ships. The Warspite fired two broadside salvos at the Fiume and two at the Zara. In total, the Italians lost 3 heavy cruisers and two destroyers in this battle.
April 18, 1941 Admiral Cunningham launches the battleships Warspite, Barham, Valiant, aircraft carrier Formidable, cruisers Calcutta and Fed. The task was to escort the Breconshire transport with cargo for Malta.
Night from 20 to 21 April 1941. Shelling of Tripoli. Oil tanks were destroyed, 6 transports and a destroyer were damaged.
Late April - early May 1941 Service in the fleet.
May 6-12, 1941 As part of the Tiger operations, the Mediterranean Fleet enters the sea: Warspite, Barham, Valiant, cruisers of the 7th brigade, cruiser-minzag Ebdiel, 19 destroyers.
Mid-May 1941 Preparations to repulse the landing on Crete.
May 20, 1941 Airborne landing on the island of Crete. Battleships "Worspite", "Valiant", cruiser "Ajax", 8 destroyers, replaced formation "A".
May 22, 1941 Luftwaffe raids. The Warspite was hit by a bomb dropped from a Me 109. The damage was severe. 152- and 102-mm starboard guns were destroyed. Crew losses: 43 killed, 69 wounded.
Night from 23 to 24 June 1941. German air raid on Alexandria. A bomb exploded near the side of the Worspite, a leak appeared.
June 25 -August 11, 1941 Transfer to the United States for repairs, across the Pacific Ocean with a visit to Honolulu.
January-March 1942 "Worspite" was enrolled in the Eastern Fleet. Transfer to a new base in Ceylon, with a visit to Australia.
March 27, 1942 Admiral Somerville was appointed the new commander of the British Eastern Fleet, he raised his flag on the Worspite.
April - end of July 1942 Warspite guards convoys in the Indian Ocean.
August 1-10, 1942 Formation "A" (British Eastern Fleet): battleship "Worspite", aircraft carriers "Formideble" and "Illustrious", 4 brigade of cruisers and destroyers - depicts the preparation of false landings to the Andaman Islands. The goal is to distract the Japanese from the American landings in the Solomon Islands.
August-September 1942 Service in the fleet.
February 4-18, 1943 Escort of the Pamphlet ocean convoy. Transportation of 30,000 people, 9 Australian divisions from North Africa to their homeland.
Late February - early March 1943 Service in the fleet.
March - early May 1943 Return to England.
June 17-23, 1943 English formation "H": battleships "Worspite", "Nelson", "Rodney", "Valiant", aircraft carrier "Indomitable", 14 British, 2 French, 1 Polish and 1 Greek destroyers make the transition from Scapa Flow to Gibraltar, then to Oran.
June 24 - July 5, 1943 Warspite is in Oran, and then goes to Alexandria. Together with him, the Valiant, Formidable, cruisers Aurora, Penelope and 6 destroyers make an interbase transition.
July 7, 1943 "Worspite" with the same ships goes to sea to cover convoys with troops. In fact, the landing in Sicily began.
July - August 1943 Service in the fleet.
September 2, 1943 As part of Operation Baytown (English landing in Calabria), Warspite took part in artillery preparation.
September 8, 1943 Italy signed a truce with the Allies. The Royal Italian Navy went to Malta. At the crossing, German aircraft sank the flagship battleship Roma.
September 8, 1943 Preparations completed for Operation Avalanche and landing in the Gulf of Salerno, Warspite is part of Formation H: battleships Nelson, Rodney, Valiant, aircraft carriers Illustrious and Formidable .
Night of September 8-9, 1943. German torpedo bombers attacked an enemy formation: torpedoes passed next to the Warspite and Formideblom.
September 10, 1943 To meet the Italian fleet, a special unit of the English fleet was formed, consisting of the battleships Warspite and Valiant.
September 14, 1943 Warspite is preparing to move to England. But cancellation soon followed, the battleship moved to Salerno. Three German divisions launched a counterattack and the landing Allied troops were on the verge of death.
September 16, 1943 Warspite continues to support the landing force. German aircraft attacked the battleships. During the raid, radio-controlled bombs "FX-1400" were used. It was they who sank the Italian battleship Roma. One bomb hit the Warspite, the second exploded near the side. The first hit near the pipe, went through the entire ship and exploded under it. The size of the hole was from 20 to 14 feet. All boiler rooms were flooded. The second bomb exploded at the side, at the level of the 5th boiler room, which was flooded. Due to damage, the tower "X" failed. The ship received a list of 5 °, 5000 tons of water entered the hull. The ship lay adrift.
November 1943 Towing to Gibraltar.
March 1944 Transfer to England.
March - April 1944 Repairs at Rosyth. They did not begin to restore the boiler room No. 5 and the "X" tower.
May 1944 Combat training course.
June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord: Landing of the Western Allies in France. Warspite became part of Formation D, which was supposed to provide artillery support at the Sword landing site. The naval artillery did a great deal to ensure the success of the landing.
Night from June 6 to 7, 1944. The German 5th destroyer flotilla attacked the ships of the "D" formation. Torpedoes passed between the Worspite and the Remilies and next to the command ship Largs, one of the torpedoes hit the Norwegian destroyer Svenner, which soon sank.
On June 13, 1944, the battleship hit a mine and received serious damage to the hull, mechanisms and equipment, the port propeller shaft failed.
June-August 1944 Repair Rozaite. The scope of work is limited, those works were carried out that allowed the use of the Warspite only for shelling the coast. Tower "X" has not been repaired. 1 boiler room, 1 shaft. The battleship's speed was limited to 15.2 knots.
September - November 1944 Service in the fleet.
April 1947 The ship was towed from Portsmouth to the dismantling site.
"Barham"
Since the end of October 1915, the flagship of the 5th squadron of battleships Grand Fleet.
October-November 1915 Routine service.
May 31-June 1, 1916 Flagship of Rear Admiral Evan-Thomas. He took part in the Battle of Jutland. Expended 337,381 mm shells. The ship was hit by 6 enemy shells. Crew losses 26 killed, 37 wounded.
February - March 1917 Modernization in Kramari.
February - November 1918 Service in the fleet.
April 1919 - October 1924 "Barham" as part of the 1st battleship squadron of the Atlantic Fleet. Often was the flagship of this connection.
End of October 1924. Transition to the Mediterranean Sea.
October 1929 End of service in the Mediterranean Fleet. Transition to England.
December 1939 Transferred to the fleet of the Metropolis, enrolled in the 2nd squadron of battleships.
December 12, 1939 Collision with the destroyer guard "Dashess". The destroyer sank, it happened 9 miles from Mull of Kent (point with coordinates: 55 ° 22 "N, 06 ° 03" W).
December 28, 1939 "Barham" was torpedoed by the German submarine "U-30" (Lieutenant Commander Lemp). This happened north of the Hebrides. The torpedo hit the port side between the ammunition magazines of towers "A" and "B". The mine protection system was destroyed in the area. There was a trim on the nose. 4 killed, 2 wounded.
January - May 1940 Repairs in Liverpool.
June - August 1940 The ship does not take part in hostilities.
August 31, 1940 Preparations for Operation Meneis (landing in Dakar near the River Clyde). The guards of the convoy consisted of the battleship "Barham", the cruisers "Devonshire", "Fiji" and 5 destroyers).
Mid-October 1940 Completion of preparations for the landing in Dakar.
September 23, 1940 Day one of Operation Less. The battleships "Barham" and "Resolution", the aircraft carrier "Ark Royal", heavy cruisers "Devonshire", "Cumberland", "Australia" appeared near the port, light cruiser Daly, 10 destroyers, landing transports. They were opposed by the battleship Richelieu, the cruisers Montcalm, Georges Leig, 3 leaders, 1 destroyer, 6 sloops, 5 auxiliary cruisers, 3 submarines.
September 23-24, 1940 Barham fired on French coastal batteries and merchant ships in the port. Received a hit with 240-mm and 155-mm shells from coastal batteries. The damage was minor.
September 25, 1940 British battleships fought the battleship Richelieu. The Barham was hit by a main-caliber shell from a French battleship (according to other sources, the shell exploded near the side).
Late September - October 1940 Service in the fleet.
October 31 - November 1, 1940 The battleship "Barham", the battlecruiser "Rinaun" and 6 destroyers search for "Vichy" ships off the western coast of Morocco.
Beginning of November 1940. The Admiralty decided to transfer the Barham to the Mediterranean Fleet.
November 7, 1940 Operation Coat. "Barham" as part of the formation "F" with the cruisers "Berwick" and "Glasgow", 4 destroyers goes to sea. They are covered by the "H" connection.
November 9, 1940 British ships were attacked by Italian aircraft. Several bombs exploded near the Barham.
Late November - early December 1940 Service in the fleet.
December 9-17, 1940 "Barham" together with "Malaya", 1 cruiser, 7 destroyers became part of the "C" formation to shell Italian positions.
End of December 1940 Service in the fleet.
End of January - March 1941. The battleship performs various tasks.
March 26-29, 1941 "Barham" as part of the fleet goes to sea. The British managed to impose on the Italians a battle that went down in history as the battle at Matapan. The Barham fired on the cruiser Zara and damaged the destroyer Alferi. Fired 6 volleys from 381 mm guns and 7 volleys from 152 mm guns.
April 1941 Order of British Prime Minister W. Churchill to sink the battleship in the fairway in Tripoli. The commander of the Mediterranean Fleet, Admiral A. Cunningham, resisted this, proving the unreasonableness of this decision. He managed to achieve a decision to cancel this order.
April 18, 1941 Linear forces of the Mediterranean Fleet, including "Barham", shelled Tripoli.
Late April-early May 1941 Service in the fleet.
Mid-May 1941 Deployment of the British fleet to repel the landing on Crete.
May 25, 1941 "Barham" as part of the squadron of Rear Admiral Pridhem Whippel goes to sea. The basis of the squadron aircraft carrier "Formidable".
May 27, 1941 The aircraft "U-86" damaged the "Barham". Several bombs hit the battleship. Hit on the "Y" turret, two mine protection compartments were flooded. Fires broke out and quickly spread throughout the ship. The fire fighting continued for two hours. Crew losses: 7 killed, 6 wounded.
June - July 1941 Repairs in Alexandria and then in Durban.
August - November 1941 Service in the fleet.
November 1941 Prime Minister W. Churchill ordered the commander of the Mediterranean Fleet to withdraw the main forces to the sea to support the actions of the Malta strike force.
November 25, 1941 The German submarine "U-331" (Lieutenant von Thysenhausen) fired 4 torpedoes at British ships. 3 of them hit Barham. Explosions rumbled between the chimney and the "Y" tower. All intra-ship communication was out of order. The ship began to roll. Four minutes later there was a strong explosion, the cause of which is unknown. As a rare event in history, the entire agony of the ship was captured on film. Crew losses amounted to 861 people, including commander Captain 1st Rank Cook. The commander of the 1st battleship brigade, Vice Admiral Pridhem Whippel, and 449 people were rescued. The destroyers picked them up. "Barham" died off the Libyan coast at a point with coordinates 32 ° 34 "N, 26 ° 24" E. "U-331" after the attack jumped to the surface, and she was almost rammed by a British battleship, then plunged and passed the maximum depth, but she was lucky, she survived and returned to base.
"Valiant"
The second half of February 1916 Passing tests and combat training.
On March 3, 1916, the Valiant arrived at Scapa Flow and became part of the 5th Grand Fleet battleship squadron.
March - May 1916 Service in the Navy
May 31 - June 1, 1916 The battleship takes part in the Battle of Jutland. Consumption of ammunition 288 shells of the main caliber and 1 torpedo. No enemy projectile hits.
June - August 19] 6 Service in the fleet.
September 1916 - November 1918 Navy service
November 1918 - early 1919 Service in the Navy.
1919 - November 1924 The ship is serving in the 1st battleship brigade of the Atlantic Fleet.
March 1932. As part of the Metropolitan Fleet.
November 30, 1939 The battleship is part of the fleet. December 1939 The Valiant leaves for the West Indies for combat training.
The second half of October 1939 - the beginning of January 1940. Transfer to England to guard convoys from Halifax.
January - April 1940 The battleship guards transatlantic convoys.
April 11, 1940 To attack Trondheim, a formation was formed, which included the Valiant (see Warspite).
Mid-April - May 1940 Service in Norwegian waters.
Beginning of June 1940 After the collapse of the Allied Front in France - the beginning of the evacuation of troops from Norway. "Valiant" covered convoys with troops.
June 1940 After France signed an armistice with the Axis powers, the position of the British in the Western Mediterranean deteriorated sharply. It was decided to form a new connection with a base in Gibraltar, it received the designation connection "H". "Valiant" was enrolled in its composition.
June 23, 1940 "Valiant", "Resolution", the cruiser "Enterprise", 3 destroyers arrived in Gibraltar. The battlecruiser Hood, the aircraft carrier Ark Royal and 4 destroyers were already there.
June 28, 1940 The cruiser "Aretuza" under the flag of Vice Admiral Somerville arrived at the Gibraltar raid. The formation of the connection has ended.
End of June - beginning of July 1940 Interception of the battleship "Richelieu".
July 3, 1940 Operation Catapult. Connection "H" (battlecruiser "Hood", battleships "Valiant" and "Resolution", aircraft carrier "Ark Royal", cruisers "Aretuza" and "Enterprise", 11 destroyers, met with the French squadron (3 battleships, 1 hydro-air transport, 7 After negotiations stalled, the British opened fire. The French battleship Brittany exploded, the battleships Dunkirk and Provence were badly damaged, and the stern of the Magador leader was torn off. The battleship Strasbourg managed to escape from the port. "and the rest of the leaders. The French fleet lost 1147 people. This operation was of great political importance, it showed that England would continue the war, even alone. In the evening, the unit returned to base.
July 31, 1940 First day of Operation Harry. Compound H is going to sea, consisting of the battlecruiser Hood, the battleship Valiant, the aircraft carriers Ark Royal and Argus, the cruisers Aretuza, Delhi and Enterprise, and 11 destroyers.
On August 2, 1940, 12 Swordfish aircraft from the Ark Royal bombed the port of Cagliari on the island of Sardinia.
August 4, 1940 British ships arrived in Gibraltar. On the same day, the ships of the "H" formation began to return to England.
August 10, 1940 The Valiant and Argus, guarded by the 8th Destroyer Flotilla, arrived in Liverpool.
August 20-29, 1940 Battleship Valiant, aircraft carrier Illustrious, air defense cruisers Calcutta and Coventry return to Gibraltar.
August 29, 1940 The above-mentioned ships, as part of Operation Hats, begin crossing the entire Mediterranean Sea. During this operation, they received the name of the compound "F".
September 2, 1940 Arrival in Malta. Connection "F" has been disbanded. "Valiant" became part of the formation "I" ("Worspite", "Illustrious", "Calcutta" and 7 destroyers).
September 6, 1940 Arrival in Alexandria. The Valiant has been assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet.
September 15, 1940 Valiant, aircraft carrier Illustrious, cruiser Kent, 9 destroyers put to sea.
Night from 16 to 17 September 1940 Aircraft from an aircraft carrier attacked the port of Benghazi. During the raid, torpedoes and mines were used. The Italian destroyer Borea and two transports were killed by torpedoes, the destroyer Aquilone was blown up by mines.
September 17-19, 1940 Return to the base. At the crossing, the battleship and the aircraft carrier were attacked by the Italian submarine Corallo.
September 28 - October 30, 1940 Operation "MV-5". Cruisers with troops go to Malta. They are covered by the Main Forces of the Mediterranean Fleet, including the Valiant.
October 8-14, 1940 The battleship as part of the Main Forces of the Mediterranean Fleet covers the Maltese convoy (Operation MV-6).
November 24-29, 1940 Valiant EXIT the sea, covering the passage of ships from Alexandria to Gibraltar.
January 3-8, 1941 "Valiant" fires at Italian positions near Bardia, supporting the advancing units of the British army.
January 7-13, 1941 The battleship participates in Operation Access, escorting several convoys. For the first time, German aircraft appeared over the Mediterranean.
March 27-29, 1941 The battleship took part in the battle at Cape Matapan. He fired at the heavy cruiser "Zara".
April 18-20, 1941 "Valiant" as part of the fleet covers the transport "Breknimr" going to Malta.
On April 21 (according to other sources, 22), 1941, the Valiant hit a mine, the damage was minor.
May 13-21, 1941 Service in the fleet. The deployment of the British fleet to disrupt the German landing on Cyprus.
May 22, 1941 Valiant as part of the A-1 formation. All day German aircraft attacked British ships. The battleship was hit by two bombs that exploded in the stern, the damage was minor.
Late May-July 1941 Repairs in Alexandria.
July - November 1941 Service in the fleet.
December 18-19, 1941 Parking in Alexandria. Italian saboteurs entered the harbor, they managed to lay a mine under the battleship. The damage was severe. Hole from 60 to 30 feet, in mine protection at tower "A", bow magazines of ammunition were flooded.
December 1941 - May 1942 Repairs at Alexandria.
May - July 1942 Repairs in Durban.
August 1942 - January 1943 "Valiant" came under command in the South Atlantic. Most of this time he stood in Freetown.
February - mid-May 1943 Repairs in England.
May - half of June 1943. The battleship is undergoing combat training.
Mid-June - July 1943 Crossing to the Mediterranean Sea. The battleship as part of the "H" formation performs several inter-base transitions together with the "Worspite".
July 1943 Valiant patrols in the Ionian Sea as part of a formation.
August 1943 Service in the fleet.
September 2, 1943 The battleship takes part in Operation Baytown (landing in Calabria). His guns support the advance of the British troops.
September 16, 1943?. Artillery support for landings on the Italian coast.
October 1943 Return to England. Start of repair.
December 1943 Combat training course.
December 30, 1943 - January 30, 1944 Transfer to a new duty station. The ship was assigned to the 1st battleship squadron of the Eastern Fleet.
February - March 1944 Service in the fleet at the theater.
April 3-15, 1944 Service in the fleet. April 16-24, 1944 Participation in Operation Cockpit (aircraft carrier raid on Sabang).
April 25 - May 5, 1944 Service in the fleet. May 6-27, 1944 Participation in an aircraft carrier raid on Surabai.
August 8, 1944 An accident occurred while the Valiant was being placed in a floating dock in Trincomalee. Doc sank. During the emergency, the battleship also received heavy damage.
August - early October 1944 Repairs on site.
October 1944 Return to England. Initially, it was planned that the Valiant would proceed through the Mediterranean Sea.
Late October - December 1944 Repairs in Suez.
December 1944 - January 1945 Return to England around Africa (the battleship rounded the Cape of Good Hope).
The second half of 1945 After the end of the war, it did not make sense to continue working on an outdated battleship. It was decided to use the Valiant as a floating barracks for a training detachment of stokers.
1950 Metal cutting.
"Malaya"
October 20, 1913 Laid down at the Armstrong shipyard in Newcastle. (Money for the construction was allocated by the dominion "Malaya").
End of February 1916 Arrival in Scapa Flow, became part of the 5th Grand Fleet battleship squadron.
March - May 1916 Service in the fleet.
May 31 - June 1, 1916 Participation in the Battle of Jutland. Received the heaviest damage of all Grand Fleet battleships. Consumption of 381-mm shells - 215. 8 large-caliber German shells hit the ship, a number of compartments were flooded. Fires broke out on the battleship. Crew losses: 63 killed, 33 wounded.
November 22, 1918 Collision with the destroyer Peni. Late November 1918 - April 1919 Service in the fleet.
April 1919 Visit to Cherbourg, celebration of the victory over Germany.
May 1919 -1920. Service in the Navy.
Mid 1920 The Allied Disarmament Commission arrived in Germany on Malaya.
1921 The battleship goes on a big voyage. Visited India and the dominion of the same name.
1921-1922. After returning from the campaign, the battleship was enrolled in the Atlantic Fleet.
November 1922 Visit to Istanbul due to the political crisis in Turkey.
March 1929 - 1930. Service in the Mediterranean Fleet.
1930-1934 years. Service in the Atlantic Fleet and the Metropolitan Fleet.
1934-1936 years. Repair and modernization.
1936-1939 years. Service in the Mediterranean Fleet.
October 6, 1939 "Malaya" was ordered to go to the Indian Ocean, through the Suez Canal, and protect shipping from German raiders.
October - December 1939 Patrolling with the battleship "Remilles" and the aircraft carrier "Glories" in the Indian Ocean.
May 1940 Return to the Mediterranean Fleet. For some time Malaya was his flagship.
June 11-14, 1940 The first combat campaign of the British Mediterranean Fleet. The goal is the destruction of Italian merchant ships between North Africa and Italy.
July 6-10, 1940 Malaya, along with the rest of the ships of the British Mediterranean Fleet, goes to sea. English ships cover the Maltese convoy. At the same time, the Main Forces of the Italian Navy provide long-range cover for the convoy to North Africa. There was a battle, called the battle of Punto Stilo Calabria. "Malaya" took an active part in this battle.
July 21-30, 1940 Escort of British convoys to the ports of the Aegean Sea from Alexandria and Port Said. "Malaya" and the rest of the heavy warships of the Mediterranean Fleet cover the convoy and patrol south and southwest of Crete.
August 16-18, 1940 "Malaya" became part of the formation for the shelling of the Italian ports of Bardik and Fort Capuzzo. The operation was successful.
August 29 - September 6, 1940 "Malaya" is taking part in the operation to escort the Maltese convoy.
October 8-14, 1940 Escorting a convoy to Malta. "Malaya" is part of the Main Forces of the Fleet, providing long-range cover for the convoy. The merchant ships arrived safely in Malta.
October 25-25, 1940 A British convoy follows from Alexandria to Greek ports. To cover it, the 2nd brigade (battleships Malaya and Remilies, aircraft carrier Eagle) was allocated from the Mediterranean Fleet.
October 29 - November 4, 1940 Service in the fleet. November 4-14, 1940 Difficult operation of the English fleet. There were several convoys at sea. The main body of the British fleet, including Malaya, covered them.
November 24-29, 1940 Operation "Collar". "Malaya" goes to sea as part of the "C" formation, covering the passage of the ships of the "R" formation from Alexandria to Gibraltar.
On December 15-20, 1940 "Malaya" and 3 destroyers were in direct guard of the Maltese convoy "MW-2".
December 21, 1940 "Malaya", three destroyers and two empty transports went west through the Strait of Sicily.
January 6, 1941 Formation "H" goes to sea with the following composition: battleship "Malaya", battlecruiser "Rinaun", aircraft carrier "Ark Royal", cruiser "Sheffield", 6 destroyers. The purpose of the exit is to cover the Maltese convoy.
January 31, 1941 Formation "H" goes to sea, in the same composition as on January 6, but the number of destroyers was increased to 10.
8 February 1941 Italian air reconnaissance spotted British ships. The Italian fleet comes out to intercept (3 battleships, 3 heavy cruisers, 10 destroyers).
February 9, 1941 "Malaya", "Rinaun" and "Sheffield" fired at Genoa. Ammunition consumption 273 381 mm, 782 152 mm and 400 114 mm shells.
Mid-February 1941 The activity of German heavy warships intensified in the Atlantic. The battleship "Malaya" began guarding ocean convoys.
Mid-February - early March 1941 Guarding convoys.
On March 7, 1941, the battleship was guarding the convoy "SL -67". In addition to Malaya, the escort consisted of 2 destroyers and a corvette. The convoy was discovered by the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. The commander of the German squadron, Admiral Lutyens, abandoned the attack, having discovered the Malaya. He went aside and began to direct submarines at the convoy, hoping that they would attack the battleship.
March 7-9, 1941 The convoy was attacked by submarines "U-105" and "U-124". They sank 5 transports. Malaya was unaffected.
March 20, 1941 "Malaya" is guarding the convoy "SL -68". 250 miles NWN from the island of Cap Verde was torpedoed by the German submarine "U-106" (Lieutenant Commander Oesten).
End of March 1941 Crossing to Trinidad. After the arrival of repair damage.
April 1941 Transition to the USA.
April-May 1941 Repairs at the New York Navy Yard.
July - October 1941 Service in the fleet. "Malaya" does not take part in hostilities.
Early October 1941. The battleship returned to the "N" formation.
November 10, 1941 Force "H" goes to sea to carry out an operation to deliver fighters to Malta. The battleship Malaya and the aircraft carriers Argus and Ark Royal were involved in the operation.
November 12, 1941 The German submarine "U-81" (Captain-Lieutenant Guggenberger) hit the Ark Royal with 1 torpedo, which sank the next day.
February 27, 1942 Another operation of unit "H" to deliver aircraft to Malta. The battleship Malaya, aircraft carriers Argus and Eagle, 1 cruiser and 9 destroyers went to sea.
February 28, 1942 The British ships returned to Gibraltar without completing their mission due to a severe storm.
March 6, 1942 Another operation of Formation "H" to deliver Spitfire fighters to Malta. The battleship "Malaya", the aircraft carriers "Argus" and "Eagle", 1 cruiser and 9 destroyers took part in it.
April 1942 Crossing around Africa guarding a convoy with troops of the 5th Infantry Division, intended to capture the French island of Madagascar, after which Malaya was to become part of the Eastern Fleet. But the commander of this formation refused the battleship, citing a short cruising range, as well as the unsatisfactory state of its power plant.
Late April - June 1942 "Malaya" at the disposal of the command of the North Atlantic. Does not participate in hostilities.
Beginning of June 1942. The battleship was enrolled in the "N" formation.
June 12-16, 1942 It is part of the Harpoon convoy cover forces, the so-called "X" formation (except for the battleship, it included the Argus and Eagle aircraft carriers, 3 cruisers and 9 destroyers).
July - August 1942 The ship guards troop convoys between Cape Town and Freetown.
September - October 1942 Service in the fleet.
October - November 1942 Repair and modernization.
Beginning of November 1942. Enlisted in the 2nd battleship brigade of the Metropolitan Fleet.
November 1942 - February 1943 Service in the fleet. The battleship does not take part in hostilities.
March - July 1943 Service in the fleet. "Malaya" is not involved in hostilities. The command of the British fleet decides to withdraw the ship to the reserve. This was due to a shortage of personnel and the fact that the battleship was not upgraded.
July 8, 1943 Demonstrative entry into the sea of the fleet of the Metropolis to divert the attention of the German command from Sicily. The battleships Anson, Duke of York, Malaya, the aircraft carrier Furies, 2 cruiser brigades, 3 destroyer flotillas, as well as the American formation of the battleships Alabama and South Dakota, 2 heavy cruisers and 5 destroyers. The operation was unsuccessful - German air reconnaissance did not detect the allied ships.
July - December 1943 Service in the fleet.
March - May 1944 The ship was put into repair.
July 1944 The Malaya returned to the fleet, as the Nelson and Warspite were damaged and amphibious operations required heavy artillery support.
September 1944 Service in the fleet. The ship does not participate in hostilities.
October 1944. Decommissioned at Portsmouth. Used as a floating barracks.
June 1947. Offered for sale.
"Egincourt"
1913 The Devonport Naval Shipyard has issued an order for the construction of the sixth Queen Elizabeth-class battleship.
The second half of 1914. The work was not started, after the outbreak of the First World War, the order was canceled. The name was given to the requisitioned battleship Sultan Osman I.
Battleships of the Queen Elizabeth class - description and summary, author Mikhailov Andrey, read for free online on the website electronic library website
At first, in the UK, many were opposed to a completely new type of battleship. Their construction required a lot of money, besides, after their construction, most of the linear fleet of the most powerful maritime power in the world would immediately become obsolete.
Nevertheless, the decision was made very quickly, especially thanks to Admiral John Fisher, who made every effort to ensure that some other state did not get ahead of Great Britain in any innovations introduced in the navy. In record time, a project was drawn up and construction began on the battleship Dreadnought (Fearless). This ship, launched on February 10, 1906, had the characteristics of all later battleships, which became known as "dreadnoughts". With a displacement of 18,000 tons, with the help of steam turbines, it developed a speed of 21 knots and had a unified armament of ten 305-mm guns. To repel attacks by destroyers at short distances, 12-pounder guns were added to them.