Small anti-submarine and small missile ships (according to the IVI Western classification - corvettes) are an important part of the Russian fleet. Their main purpose is anti-submarine defense and missile strikes against enemy surface forces in close range. maritime zone. This directory includes all representatives of the MPK and RTO classes of the Navy of the USSR and Russia, as well as the PSKR of projects 1124MP and 12412, which are their modifications. The directory does not include large hunters of projects 122-a and 122-bis, as well as small anti-submarine boats of project 201.
Small missile ships of projects 1234, 12341, 1234E and 12347 - 48 units.
The emergence of the MRK class was determined by the need to create small-displacement attack ships, which differ from missile boats in their increased cruising range, better seaworthiness and more effective weapons. RTOs of project 1234 (codenamed "Gadfly") became the first ships of this type, which had no analogues in foreign fleets. In 1974, the project was improved: the 57-mm AU was replaced by a more powerful 76-mm AK-176, and a 30-mm AK-630 assault rifle was added (project 12341, in the list marked with*). At the same time, the total displacement increased to 730 tons, the draft - up to 3.08 m, the crew increased to 65 people. For foreign customers, an export version of RTOs of project 1234E was built ( marked with**), on which, instead of the Malakhit anti-ship missiles, 4 P-20 anti-ship missiles (export modification of the P-15M) were installed. RTO "Nakat" ( marked with a sign***) was experimentally equipped with two six-barreled anti-ship missiles "Onyx" (project 12347).
MRK-3, from 25.4.1970 - "Storm" (factory No. 51). On January 13, 1967, it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and on June 24, 1967 it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on October 18, 1968 and in 1969 transferred from Leningrad via inland water systems to Sevastopol for acceptance tests, entered service on September 30, 1970 and 11/24/1970 included in the KChF. On February 11, 1991, it was expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to the OFI for disarmament, dismantling and sale, on June 24, 1991 it was disbanded and soon cut into metal in Sevastopol.
MRK-7, from 25.4.1970 - "Breeze" (factory No. 52). 11/5/1967 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and 15/6/1968 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 10/10/1969 and in the spring of 1970 transferred from Leningrad via inland water systems to Sevastopol for acceptance tests, entered service on 12/31/1970 and 9.2.1971 included in the KChF. At the beginning of 1984, he was transferred in tow from Sevastopol through the Strait of Gibraltar around Africa to the port of Cam Ranh (Vietnam) and on May 10, 1984 was transferred to the OPESK, and on August 1, 1986, upon arrival in Vladivostok, to the KTOF. In 1981 he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). From 1.8.1986 to 4.7.1987, Dalzavod underwent a medium repair, after which it was transferred to the KamFlRS KTOF. 10/29/1992 was excluded from the Navy in connection with the surrender to the OFI for disarmament, dismantling and sale, 12/31/1992 was disbanded and in 1998 at SRZ-49 in Seldevaya Bay (Vilyuchinsk) was cut into metal.
"VORTEX" (plant No. 53). On August 21, 1967, it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and on April 25, 1970 it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on July 22, 1970 and soon transferred from Leningrad through inland water systems to Sevastopol for acceptance tests, entered service on September 30, 1971 and 1.11. 1971 included in the KChF. In the summer of 1977, he was transferred in tow from Sevastopol through the Strait of Gibraltar around Africa to Vladivostok and on 31.8.1977 was transferred to the KTOF. From 4.7.1987 was part of the KTOF KamFlRS. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag to Andreevsky. 5/7/1994 expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and 1/9/1994 disbanded.
"WAVE" (plant No. 54). On September 27, 1968, it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and on April 25, 1970 it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on July 20, 1971, commissioned on December 31, 1971 and included in the DKBF on February 4, 1972. On April 24, 1974, he was transferred to the KSF and in the spring of 1974 was transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic to the White Sea. In the period from 08/10/1988 to 10/1/1989, the SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk (Daugavgriva) underwent an average repair, after which it was withdrawn from service, mothballed and laid up in Sayda Bay (Gadzhiyevo). On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. 30/6/1993 expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale and 25/1/1994 disbanded.
"GRAD" (factory No. 55). 11/29/1967 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and 10/20/1970 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 4/30/1972, entered service on 9/30/1972 and 10/31/1972 included in the DKBF. In 1983, 1985 and 1987 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG). From November 1, 1989 to February 7, 1990, the SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk (Daugavgriva) underwent a medium repair. 26.7.1992 replaced Naval flag of the USSR on Andreevsky. 30/6/1993 expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and 1/2/1994 disbanded.
"GROZA" (factory No. 56). On January 9, 1969, it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and on October 20, 1970 it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on July 26, 1972, commissioned on December 26, 1972 and included in the DKBF on January 31, 1973. In the summer of 1973, he was transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the Azov Sea, and from there to the Black Sea, and on September 4, 1973 he was transferred to the KChF. On September 1, 1982, it was decommissioned, mothballed and laid up in Karantinnaya Bay in Sevastopol. In 1922, he was expelled from the Navy and in 1993 was cut into metal in Sevastopol.
"GROM" (factory No. 57). 10/1/1969 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and 10/20/1970 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 10/29/1972, entered service on 12/28/1972 and 1/31/1973 included in the DKBF. In the summer of 1973, he was transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the Azov Sea, and from there to the Black Sea, and on September 4, 1973 he was transferred to the KChF. On September 1, 1988, it was decommissioned, mothballed, and laid up in Karantinnaya Bay in Sevastopol, but on June 1, 1991 it was mothballed and put back into service. In 1978 and 1992 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG). On May 24, 1995, it was expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale, on October 1, 1995 it was disbanded and soon cut into metal in Sevastopol.
ZARNITSA (factory No. 58). 27/7/1970 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and 10/20/1970 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 28/4/1973, entered service on 18/9/1973 and 26/10/1973 after transferring through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the Sea of Azov, and from there in Chernoye is included in the KChF. In 1978, 1981, 1984, 1988, 1993, 1994 and 1998 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG). On June 12, 1997, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"LIGHTNING" (factory No. 59). On September 30, 1971, it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and on March 28, 1972 it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on August 27, 1973, commissioned on December 28, 1973 and included in the DKBF on February 7, 1974. In 1983 and 1985 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG). From 10/21/1987 to 3/4/1988, the SRZ-179 in Ust-Dvinsk (Daugavgriva) underwent a medium repair. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"SHKVAL" (factory No. 60). On March 28, 1972, it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy and on May 17, 1972 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on December 28, 1973, entered into service on June 14, 1974 and included in the DCBF on July 16, 1974. In 1978, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). From September 26, 1978 to February 22, 1980 and from December 12, 1980 to July 18, 1985, the SRZ-179 in Ust-Dvinsk (Daugavgriva) underwent a medium repair. 10/1/1988 withdrawn from service, mothballed and first in Liepaja, and since 1992 in Baltiysk put on the sludge. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"Dawn" (factory No. 61). 10/18/1972 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and 4/6/1973 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 18/5/1974, entered service on 9/28/1974 and 10/18/1974 after being transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the White Sea, included in the KSF. In 1982, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). On September 11, 1986, it was decommissioned, mothballed and in the Dolgaya Zapadnaya Bay (Granitny settlement), and from August 10, 1988 in the Sayda Bay (Gadzhiyevo) was put on the sludge. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. 5/7/1994 expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and 1/9/1994 disbanded.
"METEL" (factory No. 62). On February 19, 1973, it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and on June 4, 1973 it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on August 10, 1974 and soon transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the White Sea for acceptance tests, entered service on December 8, 1974 and January 23 .1975 included in the KSF. In 1982, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). From September 28, 1990 to August 27, 1992 at SRZ-82 in the village. Roslyakovo underwent an average repair. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. On March 16, 1998, it was expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and on May 1, 1998 it was disbanded.
"STORM" (factory No. 63). On 06/04/1973 it was enrolled in the lists of the Navy ships and on 10/20/1973 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on 03/3/1975, entered into service on 06/15/1975 and 07/21/1975 included in the DCBF. In 1983, 1985 and 1987 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG). On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. From 3/3/1993 it was at the SRZ-ZZ in Baltiysk for a major overhaul, but on 16/3/1998 due to lack of funding it was expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale, on 1/5/1998 it was disbanded and soon sold to CJSC " Litan" for cutting into metal.
"RAINBOW" (factory No. 64). On 06/04/1973, it was added to the lists of the Navy ships and on 1/16/1974 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on 06/20/1975, commissioned on 12/1/1975 and 12/26/1975 included in the DKBF. In 1983, 1985 and 1987 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG). In the period 10/11/1991 to 10/1/1993, a medium repair was carried out at the SRZ-ZZ in Baltiysk. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. 5/7/1994 expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and 1/12/1994 disbanded.
"URAGAN" (factory No. 65). 5/6/1974 was added to the lists of ships of the Navy and 31/5/1974 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on 16/4/1976, entered service on 30/9/1976 and temporarily became part of the DCBF. In April 1977, it was transferred to the Indian Navy and renamed Vijay Durg (board No. K-71), expelled from the USSR Navy on August 31, 1977 and disbanded on October 30, 1977.
"SURF" (plant No. 66). On June 5, 1974, it was added to the lists of ships of the Navy and on January 22, 1975 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on October 2, 1976, commissioned on February 18, 1977 and temporarily became part of the DCBF. In September 1977, it was transferred to the Indian Navy and renamed Sindhu Durg (board No. K-72), 10/6/1977 was excluded from the USSR Navy and disbanded on 14/2/1978.
"TRIP" (plant No. 67). On June 5, 1974, it was added to the lists of ships of the Navy and on June 23, 1975 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on April 14, 1977, commissioned on September 20, 1977 and temporarily became part of the DCBF. In April 1978, it was transferred to the Indian Navy with the renaming to "Hos Durg" (board No. K-73), 10/6/1977 was expelled from the USSR Navy and disbanded on 14/2/1978.
"BURUN" (factory No. 68). On June 5, 1974, he was included in the lists of ships of the Navy and at the end of 1975 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched in the summer of 1977, entered service on December 30, 1977 and February 17, 1978 included in the KSF, and on April 21, 1978 listed in composition of DCBF. In 1978, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). From November 9, 1990 to March 3, 1993, the Almaz Production Association in Leningrad underwent a medium repair. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"CYCLONE" (plant No. 1001). On 06/04/1973 it was added to the lists of the Navy ships and on 09/22/1973 it was laid down on the slipway of the Vladivostok Shipyard, launched on 05/24/1977, entered into service on 12/31/1977 and 02/17/1978 included in the KTOF. From 4.7.1987 was part of the KTOF KamFlRS. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
17.1.1995 expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale, 1.6.1995 disbanded and in Lake Bogorodskoe (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky) laid up, where it soon sank due to a malfunction of bottom-outboard fittings , but in 1998 the UPASR KTOF was raised and cut into metal at SRZ-49 in Seldevaya Bay (Vilyuchinsk).
"WIND" (factory No. 69). On May 7, 1975, it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy and on February 27, 1976 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on April 21, 1978, entered service on September 30, 1978 and November 23, 1978, after being transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the White Sea, it was included in the KSF. In 1980, he won the prize of the State Committee of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG). From 10/9/1986 to 2/27/1987 at SRZ-82 in the village. Roslyakovo underwent an average repair. On 12/1/1987, it was decommissioned, mothballed, and first in Dolgaya-Zapadnaya Bay (Granitny village), and from 10/8/1988 in Sayda Bay (Gadzhiyevo) it was laid up. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. 08/04/1995 expelled from the Navy in connection with the surrender to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale and 12/31/1995 disbanded.
"ZYB", from 13.4.1982 - "Komsomolets of Mordovia", from 15.2.1992 - "Calm" (plant No. 70). 06/28/1976 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and 04/14/1978 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 10/23/1978 and soon transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the Azov Sea, and from there to the Black Sea for acceptance tests, entered service December 31, 1978 and February 16, 1979 included in the KChF. In 1984, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993 and 1998 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG). On June 12, 1997, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"ICEBERG" (factory No. 71). On April 14, 1976, it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy and on November 11, 1976 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on April 20, 1979, entered into service on September 30, 1979 and December 1, 1979, after being transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the White Sea, it was included in the KSF. From 9/20/1989 to 11/14/1990 at SRZ-82 in the village. Roslyakovo underwent an average repair. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"TYPHOON" (plant No. 1002) *. On May 10, 1974, it was laid down on the slipway of the Vladivostok Shipyard and on June 5, 1974 it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on August 14, 1979, commissioned on December 30, 1979 and included in the KTOF on January 12, 1980. From 04/09/1984 he was part of the KTOF KamFlRS. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. On 08/04/1995 it was excluded from the Navy in connection with the surrender to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale, on 09/01/1995 it was disbanded and in 1998 at SRZ-49 in Seldevaya Bay (Vilyuchinsk) was cut into metal.
MRK-21 (serial number 201)**. On March 10, 1978, it was laid down on the slipway of the Vympel Shipyard im. Volodarsky in Rybinsk, Yaroslavl region. and 1/22/1979 was enlisted in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 8/28/1979 and soon transferred to Leningrad through inland water systems for acceptance tests, entered service on 12/31/1979 and temporarily became part of the DKBF. On February 22, 1980, it was excluded from the USSR Navy, on July 4, 1980 it was sold to the Algerian Navy and renamed Ras Hamidou (board No. 801) and disbanded on October 1, 1980.
"CLOUGH" (manager N ° 72). On April 14, 1976, it was added to the lists of ships of the Navy and on May 4, 1977 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on April 29, 1980, entered service on July 31, 1980 and October 24, 1980, after being transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the White Sea, it was included in the KSF. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. In 1995, he won the prize of the State Committee of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG).
MRK-23 (serial number 202)**. On 17/8/1978 it was laid down on the slipway of the Vympel shipyard in Rybinsk and on 22/1/1979 it was added to the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 31/7/1980 and soon transferred through inland water systems to Leningrad for acceptance tests, entered service on 10/31/1980 and temporarily joined the DKBF. On February 9, 1981, it was sold to the Algerian Navy and renamed Salah Reis (board No. 802), on May 21, 1981 it was excluded from the USSR Navy and disbanded on September 1, 1981. From May 1997 to June 2000, it underwent repairs and modernization in Kronstadt.
MRK-9 (serial number 203)**. On April 21, 1979, it was laid down on the slipway of the Vympel shipyard in Rybinsk and on February 19, 1980 it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on January 10, 1981 and in the spring of 1981 transferred to Leningrad through inland water systems for acceptance tests, entered service on May 27. 1981 and temporarily became part of the DCBF. In October 1981, it was sold to the Libyan Navy and renamed Eap Maga (board No. 416) and 1/5/1982 was excluded from the USSR Navy. On March 25, 1986, it was damaged by US naval aviation, but was soon towed to the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard for emergency repair and in 1991 under the name "Tariq Ibn Ziyad" was re-commissioned.
MRK-22 (serial number 204)**. 4/4/1980 was laid down on the slipway of the Vympel shipyard in Rybinsk and 21/5/1981 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 13/8/1981 and soon transferred through inland water systems to Leningrad for acceptance tests, entered service on 11/30/1981 and temporarily joined the DKBF. On February 8, 1982, it was excluded from the USSR Navy, on May 8, 1982 it was sold to the Algerian Navy and renamed Reis Ali (board No. 803) and disbanded on July 1, 1982.
"MOUSSON" (plant No. 1003). On July 14, 1975, it was laid down on the slipway of the Vladivostok Shipyard and on April 14, 1976 it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on July 1, 1981, commissioned on December 30, 1981 and included in the KTOF on February 9, 1982. 16/4/1987 died in the Sea of Japan due to spontaneous retargeting of a missile while practicing combat training tasks, 20/6/1987 was expelled from the Navy and 1/10/1987 was disbanded.
MRK-24 (serial number 205)**. On February 20, 1981, it was laid down on the slipway of the Vympel shipyard in Rybinsk and on October 30, 1981 it was added to the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on March 26, 1982 and soon transferred through inland water systems to Leningrad for acceptance tests, entered service on May 31, 1982 and temporarily joined the DKBF. On January 19, 1983, it was excluded from the USSR Navy, in February 1983 it was sold to the Libyan Navy and renamed Eap Al Gazala (board No. 417) and disbanded on August 1, 1983.
MRK-25 (serial number 206)**. On May 27, 1981, it was laid down on the slipway of the Vympel shipyard in Rybinsk, launched on July 21, 1982, and on January 19, 1983 it was added to the lists of ships of the Navy. In the spring of 1983, it was transferred to Leningrad through inland water systems for acceptance tests, entered service on May 31, 1983 and temporarily became part of the DCBF. In February 1984, it was sold to the Libyan Navy and renamed Eap Zara (board No. 418), disbanded on March 1, 1984 and expelled from the USSR Navy on March 15, 1984.
"URAGAN" (factory No. 73). On February 17, 1978, it was added to the lists of ships of the Navy and on August 1, 1980 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on May 27, 1983, entered service on September 30, 1983 and December 15, 1983, after being transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the White Sea, it was included in the KSF. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. In 1986 he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).
MRK-15 (serial number 207)**. On March 25, 1983, it was laid down on the slipway of the Vympel shipyard in Rybinsk and on February 29, 1984 it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on March 31, 1984 and soon transferred through inland water systems to Leningrad for acceptance tests, entered service on September 10, 1984 and temporarily joined the DKBF. On January 8, 1985, it was excluded from the USSR Navy, in September 1985 it was sold to the Libyan Navy and renamed Eap Zaquit (board No. 419) and disbanded on October 1, 1985. Sunk on 25/3/1986 by US naval aircraft off the port of Benghazi.
"SURF" (plant No. 74) *. On February 17, 1978, it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy and on November 25, 1978 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on April 20, 1984 and soon transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the White Sea for acceptance tests, entered service on November 30, 1984 and January 15 .1985 included in the KSF. In 1986 he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. In the period from February 4 to September 1, 1994 at SRZ-82 in the village. Roslyakovo underwent an average repair.
"SMERCH" (plant No. 1004) *. 11/16/1981 was laid down on the slipway of the Vladivostok Shipyard and 19/1/1983 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 11/16/1984, entered service on 12/30/1984 and 4/3/1985 included in the KTOF. Since 4.7.1987 it has been part of the KTOF CamFlRS. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"TRIP" (plant No. 75) *. On February 21, 1978, it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy and on April 29, 1982 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on April 26, 1985, commissioned on October 31, 1985 and included in the DCBF on January 7, 1986. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"SHOWER", from 14.4.1987 - "XX Congress of the Komsomol", from 15.2.1992 - "Hoarfrost" (plant No. 1005) *. On April 11, 1983, it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy and on July 6, 1983 it was laid down on the slipway of the Vladivostok Shipyard, launched on October 5, 1986, commissioned on December 25, 1987 and included in the KTOF on February 19, 1988. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
NAKAT (plant No. 76) ***. 11/4/1982 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and 11/4/1983 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 16/4/1987, entered service on 30/9/1987 and 30/12/1987 after being transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the White Sea, included in the KSF. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"MIRAGE" (plant No. 77) *. On April 11, 1983, it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy and on August 30, 1983 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on August 19, 1986 and soon transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the Sea of Azov, and from there to the Black Sea for acceptance tests, entered service 12/30/1986 and 2/24/1987 included in the KChF. In 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1997 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG). On June 12, 1997, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"METEOR" (factory No. 78) *. 10/30/1984 was added to the lists of ships of the Navy and 11/13/1984 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on 9/16/1987, entered service on 12/31/1987 and 19/2/1988 included in the DCBF. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. In the period from 10/12/1995 to 6/20/1996, a medium repair was carried out at the Riga Shipyard (Latvia).
"DAWN" (plant No. 79) *. 29.09.1986 was laid down on the stocks of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and 26.11.1986 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 22.8.1988 and soon transferred through inland water systems from the Baltic Sea to the White Sea for acceptance tests, entered service
December 28, 1988 and March 1, 1989 included in the KSF. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. In 1995, he won the prize of the State Committee of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG).
"Swell" (factory No. 80) *. 26/8/1986 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and 11/8/1987 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 28/2/1989, entered service on 26/9/1989 and 31/10/1989 included in the DKBF. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"GEYSER" (factory No. 81) *. 12/21/1987 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard and 12/30/1987 was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on 8/28/1989, entered service on 12/27/1989 and 2/28/1990 included in the DKBF. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"FROST" (plant No. 1006) *. 10/30/1984 was included in the lists of the Navy ships and 17/2/1985 was laid down on the slipway of the Vladivostok Shipyard, launched on 9/23/1989, entered service on 12/30/1989 and 2/28/1990 included in the KamFlRS KTOF. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. In 1999, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).
"SPILL" (plant No. 1007) *. On November 1, 1986, it was laid down on the slipway of the Vladivostok Shipyard and on November 26, 1986 it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy, launched on August 24, 1991, commissioned on December 31, 1991, and on February 11, 1992 it was included in the KTOF KamFlRS. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. In 1999, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).
"PASSAT" (factory No. 82) *. 12/30/1987 was added to the lists of ships of the Navy and 27/5/1988 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on 13/6/1990, entered service on 12/6/1990 and 14/3/1991 included in the DKBF. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"SHOWER" (factory No. 83) *. On 20/6/1988 it was added to the lists of ships of the Navy and on 28/9/1988 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, launched on 8/5/1991, entered service on 10/25/1991 and 11/2/1992 included in the DCBF. On July 26, 1992, he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
"REKAT" (plant No. 84) *. On June 20, 1988, it was included in the lists of ships of the Navy and at the end of 1988 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, but was soon removed from construction and cut into metal on the slipway.
Displacement total 700 tons, standard 610 tons; length 59.3 m, width 11.8 m, draft 3 m. Power of the diesel plant 3x10 000 hp, full speed 35 knots, cruising range 18 ue. travel 1600 miles. Armament: 6 anti-ship missiles P-120 "Malachite". 1 launcher for the Osa-M air defense system, 1x2 57-m AUAK-725 (on project 12341 * 1x1 76-mm A U AK-176, 1x6 30-mm AUAK-630M). Crew of 60 people.
In the previous article, we touched a little on the state of the “mosquito” forces of our fleet using the example of small anti-submarine ships and were forced to state that this class in the Russian Navy did not receive renewal and development. As we said earlier, the Russian Navy had 99 MPKs with a displacement of 320 to 830 tons, and by the end of 2015, 27 units remained in service, built in the 80s of the last century, which will also soon "time to retire", especially since their capabilities against 4th generation submarines are extremely doubtful. But new MPKs are not being built: the creation of ships of this class has been discontinued, apparently in the expectation that corvettes will fulfill their role. Which, alas, due to their small number, of course, will not be able to solve the tasks of the Soviet TFR and MPK at least to some extent.
Well, now let's look at the shock component of the "mosquito" forces - small missile ships (RTOs) and boats (RK). In order not to injure the psyche, we will not recall how many RTOs and RK served under the Soviet flag, but we will take December 1, 2015 as a starting point and list only those ships that were laid down in the USSR.
MRK project 1239 "Sivuch" - 2 units.
Unique ships on air cushion skeg type, i.e., in fact, catamarans with two narrow hulls and a wide deck. Speed - 55 knots (interestingly, the website of the Zelenodolsk plant indicates “about 45 knots.” Typo?), Armament - 8 anti-ship missiles “Moskit”, air defense system “Osa-M”, one 76-mm AK-176 installation and two 30- mm AK-630. In addition to impressive speed, they have quite acceptable seaworthiness: RTOs of this type can use their own in waves of 5 points at a speed of 30-40 knots and in a displacement position - up to 8 points inclusive.
Laid down in the USSR in the 80s, completed already in the Russian Federation in 1997-1999, so we can expect that ships of this type will last another 15-20 years. And that's great. The resumption of the creation of ships of this type is hardly rational, since their cost is probably very, very high (a specific hull, a heavy-duty power plant), but those that have already been built should be kept in the Russian Navy as long as possible, repairing and modernizing in a timely manner.
MRK project 1234.1 "Gadfly" (according to NATO classification) - 12 units.
With a standard displacement of 610 tons, these ships had a highly developed and balanced armament, including two built-in launchers for P-120 Malakhit anti-ship missiles, one Osa-MA twin-beam air defense system, a 76-mm artillery mount and 30 -mm "metal cutter". The speed of RTOs of this project also inspired respect - 35 knots, despite the fact that rocket weapons could be used in waves up to 5 points.
These ships were laid down in the period from 1975 to 1989, and those of them that are still in service joined the ranks of the fleet in the period from 1979 to 1992. Accordingly, today their age is from 26 to 40 years, and 9 "Gadflies" have not yet crossed the thirty-year milestone. Based on this, it can be assumed that it is technically possible to keep them in the fleet for another decade. Another question is, is it necessary?
The fact is that the main weapon of RTOs, anti-ship missiles P-120 Malachite, was developed back in the 60s of the last century, and even at the time of the collapse of the USSR, it was far from being at the peak of technical progress. Its maximum flight range was 150 km, speed (according to various sources) 0.9-1 M, flight altitude on the marching section - 60 m. powerful 800-kg warhead, but today this anti-ship missile is completely outdated. At the same time, it no longer makes much sense to modernize almost thirty-year-old ships for new missiles, so their further presence in the fleet will have a more decorative than practical function.
RTO project 1234.7 "Roll" - 1 unit.
The same RTO "Gadfly", only instead of six P-120 "Malachite" carried 12 (!) P-800 "Onyx". It was probably an experimental ship, today it has been withdrawn from the fleet. According to some reports, it was decommissioned back in 2012, but S.S. Berezhnov, whom the author of the article focuses on, lists him as part of the Navy at the end of 2015, so Nakat nevertheless falls into our list.
RTOs of project 11661 and 11661M "Tatarstan" - 2 units.
Ships of this type were created as a replacement for the small anti-submarine ships of project 1124, but, being laid down in 1990-1991. were completed already in the Russian Federation as patrol (and missile) ships. "Tatarstan" had a standard displacement of 1,560 tons, a speed of 28 knots, was armed with eight Uran anti-ship missiles, an Osa-MA air defense system, one 76-mm gun mount, two 30-mm AK-630s and the same number of 14.5 KPVT machine guns. "Dagestan" had the same characteristics, but instead of "Uranus" received eight "Caliber", and instead of "metal cutters" - ZAK "Broadsword". "Tatarstan" entered service in 2003, "Dagestan" - in 2012, both ships serve in the Caspian flotilla.
Missile boats of project 1241.1 (1241-M) "Lightning" - 18 units.
The main missile boat of the Russian Navy. Standard displacement - 392 tons, 42 knots, four supersonic P-270 "Mosquito", 76-mm AK-176 and two 30-mm AK-630. On one of the boats ("Storm"), instead of two "metal cutters", ZAK "Broadsword" was installed. The bulk of these boats entered service in 1988-1992, one - in 1994, and the Chuvashia, laid down in 1991 - even in 2000. Accordingly, the age of 16 missile boats is 26-30 years, thanks to the equipment of anti-ship missiles "Mosquito" ships still retain their relevance and, apparently, can be kept in the fleet for another 7-10 years. The Russian Navy also has the nineteenth ship of this type, but the launchers for the Mosquitoes have been dismantled from it, which is why it would be wrong to list it as a missile boat.
RK project 12411 (1241-T) - 4 units
We ignore minor details. It turned out like this: in the USSR, a missile boat was developed for the latest supersonic Moskit missiles, but the anti-ship missiles were somewhat late, which is why the first series of Lightnings was armed with old Termites with the same artillery. The ships were put into operation in 1984-1986, today they are from 32 to 34 years old, and their main armament lost its combat value in the 80s of the last century. Modernizing these ships is pointless due to their age, keeping them in the Navy is also pointless, so we should expect them to be decommissioned in the next 5 years.
RK project 1241.7 "Shuya" - 1 unit.
Entered into operation in 1985 "Lightning" of the first series with "Termites", but with dismantled "metal cutters" and installed instead of ZRAK "Kortik", which, subsequently, was also dismantled. Obviously, this ship is waiting for withdrawal from the fleet in the next 5 years.
RK project 206 MR - 2 units.
Small (233 tons) hydrofoils. 42 knots, 2 Termit missiles, 76-mm gun mount and one AK-630 assault rifle. Both boats entered service in 1983, they are now 35 years old and both are obvious candidates for decommissioning in the very near future.
Thus, from the "Soviet legacy" as of December 1, 2015, 44 small missile ships and missile boats served in the Russian Navy, of which 22 had real combat value, incl. two "Sivuch" and 18 "Lightning", armed anti-ship missiles "Moskit", as well as two Caspian "Tatarstan". Nevertheless, until 2025, the bulk of these ships may well remain in service - today the Nakat has retired from the fleet, and it should be expected that 7 boats armed with Termit missiles will follow it in the very near future, but the rest may well serve until 2025 and beyond.
Perhaps that is why the GPV 2011-2020. did not provide for the mass construction of shock "mosquito" forces - it was supposed to put into operation only a few ships of project 21631 "Buyan-M". These ships are an enlarged and "rocketed" version of the small artillery ship of project 21630. With a displacement of 949 tons, the Buyan-M is capable of developing 25 knots, its armament is UKKS with 8 cells, capable of using the Caliber family of missiles, 100-mm AU -190 and 30-mm AK-630M-2 "Duet" and air defense systems "Gibka-R" with 9M39 "Igla" missiles.
But, given the low speed and the fact that "Buyan-M" refers to ships of the "river - sea" class, it can hardly be considered a replacement for small missile ships and boats focused on strikes against enemy ship groups in our near sea zone . Most likely, Buyan-M is just a "case" for cruise (not anti-ship!) Caliber missiles. As you know, the ground deployment of short-range (500-1,000 km) and medium-range (1,000-5,500 km) cruise missiles is prohibited by the INF Treaty of December 8, 1987, nevertheless, the armed forces of the United States and the Russian Federation, of course, feel the need for such ammunition. The Americans compensated for the absence of such missiles by deploying sea-based Tomahawk missiles, while we, after the death of the USSR fleet, did not have such an opportunity. In this situation, the transformation of our "Caliber" into "river deployment" missiles is logical, and does not violate international treaties step. The system of river channels of the Russian Federation allows the Buyans-M to be moved between the Caspian, Black and Baltic Seas, on the rivers these ships can be reliably covered by ground-based air defense systems and aircraft, and they can launch missiles from anywhere along the route.
Probably, in case of emergency, Buyany-M is also able to operate at sea, having received the Caliber anti-ship version, but, obviously, this is not their profile. This is also “hinted” by their composition of radar weapons, but we will talk about this a little later.
The real restoration of the "mosquito" fleet can be considered the construction of a series of small missile ships of project 22380 "Karakurt". These are small, highly specialized attack ships, the total displacement of which does not reach even 800 tons. power plant three M-507D-1 diesel engines manufactured by Zvezda PJSC are used, with a power of 8,000 hp each. each - together they report "Karakurt" a speed of about 30 knots. The main armament of the ship is UKKS for 8 cells for Caliber / Onyx missiles, 76-mm artillery mount AK-176MA and ZRAK Pantsir-ME, as well as two 12.7-mm Kord machine guns. On the first two ships of the series, two 30-mm AK-630s were installed instead of the "Shell".
A number of sources indicate that, in addition to "metal cutters", RTOs are equipped with MANPADS, but here, apparently, we are not talking about "Bending", but simply about a conventional MANPADS (pipe on the shoulder).
Radar armament of project 22800 emphasizes its shock, anti-ship orientation. The Mineral-M general detection radar is installed on the Karakurt, the capabilities of which are extremely high for a ship whose displacement “does not reach” even up to 1,000 tons.
In addition to the tasks of detecting and tracking surface and air targets, which are usual for radars of this type, Mineral-M is capable of carrying out:
1) automated reception, processing and display of information on the surface situation coming from compatible systems located on ground facilities or ships of the tactical group, from external sources(command control systems, remote observation posts located on ships, helicopters and other aircraft) using external means of radio communication;
2) receiving, processing and displaying information on the surface situation coming from shipborne information sources: combat information and control systems, radar stations, navigation stations, hydroacoustic systems;
3) management of joint combat operations of the ships of the tactical group.
In other words, Mineral-M is terribly network-centric: it can receive (and obviously provide) information to a group of dissimilar forces, implementing the principle “one sees - everyone sees”, and can act as a coordination center, but that's not all advantages of this complex. The fact is that "Mineral-M" can work not only in active, but also in passive mode, not emitting anything on its own, but detecting and determining the location of the enemy by its radiation. At the same time, depending on the radiation range, the detection range of radar systems ranges from 80 to 450 km. In active mode, the Mineral-M radar is capable of providing over-the-horizon target designation, the detection range of a destroyer-sized target reaches 250 km. Here, of course, it should be noted that the "over-the-horizon" mode of operation of the radar is far from always possible and depends on the state of the atmosphere. The given 250 km range, for example, is possible only under the condition of superrefraction. Nevertheless, the usefulness of this mode of radar operation for a carrier of long-range anti-ship missiles cannot be overestimated. In general, it can be stated that such a radar would look very good even on a much larger ship.
But on Buyan-M the MR-352 “Positiv” radar is located, which is (as the author, who is not an expert in the field of radar, could understand) a radar general purpose in the traditional sense of these words, i.e. without numerous "buns" - over-the-horizon target designation, etc. That is, "Positive" provides coverage of the air and surface situation at a distance of up to 128 km, and is not intended to control weapons. In principle, "Pozitiv" can provide target designation for both missiles and artillery fire, but it does not do it as well as specialized radars, because this is still a side function for it. The absence of a radar station like the Mineral-M on the Buyan-M just suggests that this RTO is not considered by the fleet leadership as a means of naval combat.
The pace of construction of the "mosquito" fleet for the Russian Navy is very impressive, and significantly exceeds the plans of the SAP 2011-2020. Since 2010, 10 RTOs of the Buyan-M type have been laid down, and a contract has been signed for two more. Five ships of this type entered the fleet in 2015-2017, while the duration of construction is about three years. To put it mildly, this is not a very good indicator for serial ships with a displacement of less than 1,000 tons, especially serial ones, but in any case, there is no doubt that the remaining five, the last of which, the Grad, will enter the fleet before 2020.
As for the Karakurts, their first pair was laid down in December 2015, both were launched in 2017, their delivery to the fleet is planned for 2018 and, in principle, these terms are realistic. And in total, nine Karakurts are currently being built (7 at Pella and 2 at the Zelenodolsk plant), the laying of the tenth is being prepared, and a contract has been signed for three more. In total - thirteen ships of project 22800, but a contract is expected to be signed with the Amur Shipbuilding Plant for another six ships of this type. Accordingly, it is quite possible to expect that by 2020 the Russian Navy will include nine Karakurts, and by 2025 there will be at least 19 of them, and this is if a decision is not made on the further construction of RTOs of this type.
In general, we can say that the construction of "Buyanov-M" the Russian Federation secured absolute superiority in the Caspian Sea and to a certain extent strengthened the arsenal of long-range precision weapons of the domestic armed forces, but talk about "Buyanakh-M" as a means of anti-ship warfare , according to the author, is still impossible.
But even without taking into account the Buyans, the widespread construction of Karakurts, in general, guarantees the reproduction of domestic mosquito forces. As we said above, the critical, "landslide" point for them will come in 7-10 years, when the service life of missile boats of the "Lightning" type will come close to 40 years and they will need to be withdrawn from the fleet. Other RTOs and missile boats, with the exception of the Samum, Bora, Tatarstan and Dagestan, will need to be decommissioned even earlier, thus the "legacy of the USSR" by 2025-2028 will be reduced by an order of magnitude (from 44 as of 01.12.2015 up to 4 units).
However, if a contract is nevertheless signed for the construction of six Project 22800 ships for Pacific Fleet, then 19 "Karakurts" will replace 18 "Lightning", and other missile boats and RTOs of the "Gadfly" type already today have practically no combat value due to the extreme obsolescence of weapons. Thus, we can say that the reduction in the number of our RTOs and RK will not lead to a drop in their combat capability. On the contrary, due to the fact that ships with the most modern missile weapons will be put into operation (we should not forget that the mythical "Zircon" can be used from standard UVP for "Onyx" and "Caliber"), we should talk about expanding the capabilities of the strike components of our "mosquito" fleet. In addition, with the entry into service of the Karakurts, the “mosquito fleet” will acquire the ability to strike with long-range cruise missiles at the enemy’s land infrastructure, as was done in Syria.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to predict how many Karakurts will be laid down in the coming years under the new SAP 2018-2025. Here, perhaps, both an increase in the series to 25-30 ships, and the refusal of their further construction, limiting the series to 13 ships. However, there are at least 2 reasons why we should expect the construction of the Pacific Karakurt.
First, the leadership of the country, after demonstrating the capabilities of the Caspian flotilla to hit targets in Syria, should look favorably on small missile ships. Secondly, the admirals of our Navy, having a monstrous failure in surface ships, in the absence of frigates and corvettes, will obviously be happy to strengthen the fleet with at least Karakurt.
Accordingly, the future of our “mosquito” fleet does not seem to cause concern ... However, the author of this article will venture to raise another question, which for many will look like real sedition
Does Russia need a naval strike "mosquito" fleet at all?
To begin with, we will try to figure out the cost of these ships. The easiest way to determine the cost of "Buyanov-M". As RIA "" printed:
“The contract signed at the Army-2016 forum between the Ministry of Defense and the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant amounts to 27 billion rubles and provides for the construction of three Buyan-M class ships,” Renat Mistakhov, general director of the plant, told RIA Novosti.
Accordingly, one ship of project 21631 costs 9 billion rubles.
Many publications indicate that the price of one "Karakurt" is 2 billion rubles. However, in most cases, the assessment of Andrey Frolov, Deputy Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, is indicated as the source of this information. Unfortunately, the author was unable to find documents that would confirm the legitimacy of this assessment. On the other hand, a number of sources give completely different figures. So, for example, Sergey Verevkin, executive director separate subdivision Leningrad shipbuilding plant "Pella" argued that:
"The cost of such ships is three times less than a frigate."
And even if we take the cheapest domestic frigate (project 11356) at pre-crisis prices - this is 18 billion rubles, respectively, "Karakurt", according to the statement of S. Verevkin, costs at least 6 billion rubles. This seems to be also confirmed by reports that Pella handed over to the Feodosia shipyard More an order for the construction of one Karakurt, and the cost of the contract will be 5-6 billion rubles, but the question is that the amount is not accurate - news refers to the opinion of unnamed experts.
But what if S. Verevkin did not mean the frigate of the “Admiral” series of project 11356, but the newest 22350 “Admiral Gorshkov of the Fleet of the Soviet Union”?
After all, the figure of 6 billion rubles. for one "Karakurt" raises big doubts. Yes, "Buyan-M" a few larger than a ship project 22800, but at the same time "Karakurt" carries much more complex, and therefore expensive weapons (ZRAK "Pantsir-ME" and equipment (radar "Mineral-M"), however, a jet propulsion system was implemented on Buyan-M, which , probably more expensive than the classic one, but in general it should be expected that the Karakurt costs no less, and even more than the Buyan-M.
The main usefulness of Buyan-M is that it is a mobile launcher for long-range cruise missiles. But it should be taken into account that 9 billion rubles. for such mobility look excessively expensive. But there are other options: for example, ... the same Kalibr container installations, about which so many copies were broken at one time.
According to people unfamiliar with the maritime theme, such containers are an uberwunderwaffe, which is easy to hide on the deck of an ocean container ship, and in the event of a war, quickly “multiply by zero” the US AUG. We will not disappoint anyone by reminding that an armed merchant ship that does not fly the naval ensign of any country is a pirate ship, with all the ensuing consequences for itself and its crew, but simply remember that "peaceful a river container ship sailing somewhere in the middle of the Volga, no one will ever bring charges of piracy. To comply with the INF Treaty of the Russian Federation, it will be enough to include several “auxiliary river cruisers” in the fleet, but in the event of a real aggravation of relations with NATO, such containers can be placed on any suitable river vessels.
Furthermore. Because in the event that a real clash with the United States and NATO looms on the horizon, then no one will pay attention to the agreements, and in this case, who is stopping you from installing a container with missiles ... say, on a train? Or generally like this:
Thus, we can state that the task of saturating the domestic armed forces with cruise missiles with a range of 500 to 5,500 km can well be solved without the participation of Buyanov-M. In order to provide us with absolute superiority in the Caspian, in addition to the existing ships, 4-5 Buyanov-M would be enough, and they would not have to be armed with Caliber - to destroy the boats that form the basis of other Caspian fleets, " Uranus is more than sufficient. Question price? The rejection of the 5-6 Buyanov-M would allow the Russian Navy to finance the purchase of a naval aviation regiment (we are talking about the Su-35, which cost about 2 billion rubles in the same 2016), which, according to the author of this article, would be for the fleet is much more useful.
With Karakurt, too, not everything is clear. The fact is that missile boats appeared as a means of combating enemy surface forces in the coastal zone, but today it is very difficult to imagine enemy surface ships near our coast. Given the extreme danger that aviation poses to modern ships, only an aircraft carrier strike group is capable of “peeping into the light” towards us, but it makes no sense to come closer than a few hundred kilometers to our coastline. But sending a Karakurt unit against the AUG into the sea is akin to suicide: if naval battles teach us something, it’s only the extremely low resistance of small missile ships (corvettes and missile boats) to air attack. Suffice it to recall, for example, the defeat of the Iraqi fleet in the Iran-Iraq war, when two Iranian F-4 Phantoms sunk 4 torpedo and missile boats of the Iraqi Navy in almost five minutes, and damaged 2 more missile boats - although they did not have specialized anti-ship weapons. Yes, our Project 22800 ships are equipped with Pantsir-ME, this is a very serious weapon, but it must be borne in mind that a ship with a displacement of less than 800 tons is an extremely unstable platform for such equipment.
In addition, sadly, the Karakurts do not have enough speed for dashing "cavalry" attacks. For them, the speed is indicated as “about 30 knots”, and this is quite a bit, especially if you remember that small ships lose a lot of speed during waves. In other words, under the same Far East our "Karakurts" will turn out to be obviously slower than, say, "Arleigh Burke" - from that maximum speed 32 knots, but in rough conditions it loses it much less than the small ships of project 22800.
Of course, in addition to global ones, there are also local conflicts, but the fact is that for them the power of Karakurt is excessive. So, for example, in the well-known episode of the collision of a detachment of surface ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation with Georgian boats, the use of the Kalibr anti-ship missiles would have been completely unjustified. Maybe it would be an exaggeration to say that all five Georgian boats cost less than one such missile, but ...
According to the author, in a full-scale conflict with NATO, the Karakurt can only be used as a mobile coastal defense missile battery, with which you can relatively quickly cover objects that are threatened by an attack from the sea. But in this capacity, they almost lose to automobile complexes in terms of movement speed, in addition, the ground complex is easier to disguise. In general, and here we have to admit that a regiment of modern fighter-bombers would be much more useful for the fleet than 6 Karakurts, and in terms of cost they are, apparently, quite comparable.
And yet, the author assumes that in the future we are waiting for news about the increase in the production of "Karakurt". For the reason that the number of surface ships of our Navy capable of going to sea is decreasing year by year, and the industry continues to disrupt all conceivable deadlines for the construction of new ships - from the corvette and above. And if the first Project 22800 ships enter service on schedule (which confirms our ability to build them relatively quickly), then there will be new orders. Not because the Karakurts are a wunderwaffe or a panacea, but because the fleet still needs at least some surface ships.
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According to information disseminated by the Russian Ministry of Defense, in November 2017, the first serial small missile ship (RTO) of Project 22800 Karakurt will be launched. At the same time, the lead ship, called "Hurricane", has already been launched, and, according to plans, will be transferred to the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy in 2018, at the same time Russian armed forces should receive the first serial ship, named "Typhoon". What are the features of small missile ships, how many and when will the Russian Navy receive them, and what will this lead to?
Serial production of RTOs in Russia mastered at a high level
To date, two types of RTOs are being built in Russia - the Buyan-M project 21631 and the Karakurt project 22800. Buyany-M began to be built in 2010, since then three ships of this type have been received by the Red Banner Caspian Flotilla, and two by the Baltic Fleet. Until 2020, seven more products of this project will be built (four for the Black Sea Fleet, three for the Baltic Fleet). The ships of this project are distinguished by their small dimensions, displacement and draft (only 2.6 meters), which make it possible to navigate many rivers, among other things. As a result, their seaworthiness is somewhat limited and allows the Buyans to be used only close to the coast. The main armament of the ship is eight Caliber cruise missiles installed in the vertical cells of the universal ship firing system (UKSK) 3S14, and for self-defense there is a 100-mm A190 Universal gun, a 30-mm automatic anti-aircraft gun AK-630M-2 Duet " etc. For seven years, the Russian Navy received five RTOs of this type, over the next three years it is planned to send seven more to the fleet, which indicates a noticeable increase in the pace of construction and a good development of production technology. All ships were built and will be built at the Zelenodolsk plant named after A. M. Gorky (Tatarstan).
RTOs of project 22800 "Karakurt" began to be built later - the first two ships were laid down in December 2015, and, as we have already noted, they are still being completed. In total, a series of eighteen ships should be built by 2022, while contracts have already been signed for twelve of them, and eight are under construction. Several shipyards are building this type of RTOs at once - the Pella Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant (sites in Feodosia and Otradnoy), the Zelenodolsk Plant named after A. M. Gorky, in 2018 it is planned to sign a contract for the construction of six Karakurts at the Amur Shipbuilding Plant ". Thus, it is planned to build eighteen RTOs of this type in seven years, with an average rate of 2.5 ships per year. If such plans can be implemented (there are prerequisites for this, since there is experience in the construction of Buyanov-M), then it will be possible to say with confidence that RTOs will be the only type of surface ships carrying strategic cruise missiles that Russia can build quickly and in such a large number.
Unlike Buyan-M, RTOs of the Karakurt type have a noticeably higher seaworthiness, including due to a greater draft (4 meters). The main armament of ships of this type is the same as that of Project 21631 - eight Caliber cruise missiles or Oniks anti-ship missiles installed in UKKS 3S14. Starting from the third ship of the series, the Karakurts will begin to receive a fairly serious air defense system - the Pantsir-M anti-aircraft missile and gun system, which will further increase the ship's ability to operate far from its shores.
RTOs allow the deployment of strategic cruise missiles without violating the INF Treaty
The Russian military operation in Syria has repeatedly demonstrated the ability to hit targets with the help of 3M-14 Kalibr cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea, at ranges of about 1,500 km. According to available data, this nuclear-equipped cruise missile is capable of covering about 2,600 km, and in a conventional one, at least 2,000 km. In fact, this allows you to hit targets in most of Europe without deploying ground-based cruise missiles with a range of more than 500 km, in violation of the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF). This will make it possible to meet the challenges associated with the deployment of a large number of NATO forces near the Russian borders, while not unilaterally withdrawing from the agreement with the United States.
Given the difficulties in building surface ships larger than RTOs and corvettes (according to Western classification, small missile ships also belong to them), building even more Karakurt and Buyanov-M may be the most optimal solution given the current capabilities of Russian military shipbuilding, while large series of more serious types of ships must be taken up with other funding and other industry opportunities.
The administration of the Zelenodolsk plant named after Gorky announced that for the period from 2019 to 2021, the enterprise planned the construction of five small missile ships of the project 22800 Karakurt corvette type. Three more ships are supposed to be produced at the Pella Leningrad shipbuilding plant, and another one will be built at the facilities of the Feodosia More shipbuilding plant. Three more small missile ships will be built by the Pella and More enterprises.
The construction sites for another six ships have not yet been decided. Thus, the Black Sea, Baltic and Pacific fleets will receive a worthy replenishment of eighteen small missile ships of the Karakurt type. The first of them, a patrol ship with the name "Hurricane", it is possible that it will appear in service with the Black Sea Fleet already within next year. Subsequent ships have also already been called no less formidable names - "Typhoon", "Squall" and "Storm"
Project 22800 small rocket ship "Karakurt"
Small missile ships of the Karakurt type were developed by the St. Petersburg Almaz Design Bureau - the Central Marine Design Bureau as an alternative version of the ships in the Buyan-M project 21631. This project was created only five years earlier by the Zelenodolsk design bureau. Accordingly, the construction of these Buyans is also carried out by the Zelenodolsk enterprise. The Caspian Flotilla and the Black Sea Fleet already have five such ships. In addition, four more are under construction. It was planned that the Buyans would be built in quantities of up to ten units. Due to the fact that Karakurt was preferred, the last ninth small missile ship of project 21631 began to be assembled in April 2019. Eight months later, Karakurt was also put into production.
Unique RTOs of the new generation of project 22800
As for the strike weapons of these two boats, they are approximately the same. The patrol ship of the same class "Hurricane" has almost the same characteristics. The displacement of both boats is not too large, however, "Buyan-M" is considered a ship of the "river-sea" class. He feels confident both in the Volga mouths and in the waters of the Caspian Sea. However, with its low seaworthiness, even the expanses of the relatively small Black Sea will turn out to be too big. "Karakurt" was designed as a ship for operations in open maritime theaters.
How a disadvantage became an advantage of Russian industry
Not so long ago, another flaw was added to this project. Due to the imposition of sanctions against the Russian state by Western countries, the German manufacturer of engines for Buyans decided to stop further cooperation and refused to provide us with engines. But they quickly found a replacement. Zelenodolsk shipbuilders began to purchase similar 16-cylinder engines from the Kolomna enterprise and the St. Petersburg plant Zvezda.
The glory of Russian weapons swept around the world
In the fall of 2017, Buranam-M managed to make a splash all over the world. Four ships from the Caspian flotilla - small missile ships "Uglich", "Grad Sviyazhsky" and "Veliky Ustyug", as well as missile cruiser"Dagestan" fired at targets with the help of cruise missiles "Caliber". A massive missile attack was carried out on the positions of the ISIS terrorist organization (banned in the Russian Federation), which were located at a distance of approximately one and a half thousand kilometers from the starting point.
The range and accuracy of live firing fired by Russian ships was discussed in the world media for almost a week. However, this is not all that missiles of this class are capable of, because the maximum range of their flight can reach more than two and a half thousand kilometers.
The small missile ship, Karakurt, is armed with the same missiles, namely Caliber-NK. In addition, supersonic Onyx anti-ship missiles are also used, the firing range of which is equal to five hundred kilometers. The ship is also armed with an automatic artillery installation of 100 mm or 76 mm caliber. The air defense facilities are equipped with the 3M89 "Broadsword" anti-aircraft missile and artillery system.
An all-aspect multifunctional radar station with four fixed phased array antennas, as well as a highly efficient optical radar station, provides the Broadsword with the possibility of all-weather and round-the-clock detection of any targets that could somehow threaten the ship. These can be, for example, airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles, even drones. Opening fire to defeat these targets can be carried out at a distance of up to ten kilometers and at an altitude of up to five kilometers. The mode of operation of the entire complex is automatic.
Equipping ships with electronic warfare stations
RTOs "Karakurt", ships of project 22800, are ships for operations in the near sea zone with a cruising range of up to 2500 miles and an autonomy of up to fifteen days. A boat with a displacement of eight hundred tons has a length of sixty meters, a width of ten meters, a draft of four meters. The speed reaches thirty knots.
"Karakurts", as well as "Buyans-M", were created in order to replace the small missile ships "Gadfly" of project 1234. Their most diverse modifications were released in 1967-92. A total of forty-seven ships were built, but now only twelve remain.
"Gadflies", developed by "Almaz", looked much more solid than "Karakurt" in terms of their driving performance. So, the speed of the "Gadfly" reached up to 35 knots, and the range - up to 4000 miles. However, morally and physically obsolete weapons reduce all these advantages to zero. The Gadfly is armed with Malachite, six P-120 anti-ship missiles with a maximum range of up to one hundred and twenty kilometers, and this is significantly inferior to eight Caliber-NK or Onyxes.
The uniqueness of the new small rocket ship
Deputy Minister of Defense Yuri Borisov, when laying the fourth small missile ship under project 22800 on the slipway of the Pella shipyard at the end of July last year, said: “ships with a similar classification simply do not exist in the world.” The designers of the Almaz design bureau managed to place a lot of formidable weapons in the small space of the Karakurt. By the way, this weapon can be called strategic, because any Kalibr missile can be equipped with a nuclear warhead.
The range of Karakurt missile weapons in the Black Sea and Baltic fleets, as well as those representing the Caspian flotilla, covers the Middle East region and almost the entire European continent. If a decision is made to place these ships at the disposal of the Pacific Fleet, then almost the entire eastern hemisphere will be blocked in its northern half.
Who in the class can be compared with "Karakurt": Western models of ships
According to many military experts, the Karakurts are ahead of all modern counterparts with their strike power.
Only one corvette on the planet can be compared with the Karakurts - moreover, it has been released so far in a single copy. This is the last ship in a series of multi-purpose Swedish corvettes of the Visby type. It was adopted by the Swedish Navy in the spring of 2013.
Its displacement is six hundred and forty tons, its length is seventy-one meters, and its width is almost ten and a half meters. At thirty-five knots, her range is two thousand three hundred miles. The ship was built taking into account the requirements of stealth technologies. The first four serial corvettes were designed primarily as anti-submarine ships. The fifth has eight subsonic anti-ship missiles with a range of up to two hundred kilometers.
Israeli counterpart - "Eilat"
There is also an Israeli analogy, but also released in a single copy. We are talking about "Eilat", a missile corvette. The Israeli Navy took it into service back in the nineties. It has a displacement of one thousand two hundred and seventy-five tons, a length of eighty-five meters, and a width of almost twelve meters. With a range in economy mode, it can travel three and a half thousand miles, and its maximum speed is thirty-three knots.
The armament of "Eilat" also does not reach the level of "Karakurt". Israeli designers managed to place on board the corvette American Harpoon anti-ship missiles with a range of up to one hundred and thirty kilometers and a warhead mass of two hundred and twenty-seven kilograms, while the ship also has additional anti-ship weapons.
The air defense is equipped with the Barak anti-aircraft missile system with 32 missiles in the ammunition load, their range reaches ten kilometers. "Eilat" has at its disposal a 20-mm rapid-fire cannon for firing at distances up to one and a half kilometers.
Project 22800 - economic component
Rocket ships with a displacement of less than 1000 tons - almost unique Russian feature. As a result, it is possible to compare "Karakurt" only with more solid equipment. In terms of functionality and range, it surpasses our corvettes, but in terms of strike weapons and power it falls short of Russian ships. At the same time, anti-submarine weapons, as well as helicopters or drones, increase the survivability of ships with a more solid displacement.
However, there is also back side medals are the cost of their construction and operation, which is extremely relevant to the current Russian reality. Be that as it may, but according to the classical parameters of “price and quality”, the Karakurt turned out to be excellent missile ships, perhaps even world leaders.
German corvette "Braunschweig"
More solid in terms of mass is the German corvette of the K130 project. The launch of the Braunschweig in 2013, the fifth ship of this series of corvettes, marked the completion of its production. The ships of the series have a displacement of one thousand eight hundred and forty tons, a length of up to ninety meters, and are equipped with a helicopter on board. The corvette has anti-submarine torpedoes, an anti-aircraft missile system, a twin 27 mm anti-aircraft gun, and a 76 mm artillery mount.
The main strike weapon, like the Swedes, is the RBS 15M Mk3 anti-ship missiles. However, there are half as many missile units - only four. The Brunswick has the same range as the Karakurt, up to two and a half thousand miles, but it has a lower speed, twenty-five knots.
American destroyers
The American fleet does not waste time either. The smallest missile ships, built in the amount of sixty-two units, are destroyers armed with guided missile weapons of the Arleigh Burke project. These ships have a range of six thousand miles and a displacement of up to nine thousand tons. With a length of one hundred and fifty meters, a height of forty-five meters, they have a speed of up to thirty-two knots.
Anti-ship armament is equipped with 8 Harpoon missiles. The destroyers have both anti-aircraft missile systems with artillery (anti-aircraft and conventional), and anti-submarine weapons (missiles, torpedoes and mines), as well as a helicopter.
If necessary, they can be equipped with the well-known "Tomahawks", cruise missiles numbering from eight to sixty units. Of course, the weapon is solid - but subsonic, having a flight range of up to one thousand six hundred kilometers. However, it is only slightly inferior to the Caliber in terms of speed, accuracy and range, the control of these weapons is entrusted to the widely publicized Aegis system.
Project 1234 ships are designed to fight warships and merchant ships of a potential enemy on closed seas and in the near ocean zone. “The high firepower of the Malachite complex determined the desire of Soviet admirals to push small missile ships into the Mediterranean Sea,” where, starting from the spring of 1975, they regularly carried out military service as part of the 5th Mediterranean squadron of ships of the Navy.
In the process of combat service, the ships of the project were also involved in a number of tasks that were unusual for their intended purpose - they provided combat training submarines, aviation, air defense forces; acted as anti-submarine ships and rescue ships; guarded the maritime state border of the USSR, were the hosts of visits by ships of the navies of foreign states.
Construction and testing
The construction of small rocket ships of project 1234 has been deployed since 1967 at the Leningrad Primorsky shipbuilding plant (17 units built) and since 1973 at the Vladivostok shipbuilding plant (3 units built). Until April 25, 1970, the first two small rocket ships built in Leningrad had only a digital tactical name: the lead MRK-3, the first production hull - MRK-7. Subsequent ships were assigned "weather" names, traditional for Soviet patrol ships of the Great Patriotic War, for their "weather" names were called the "bad weather division". The last three ships of project 1234 built in Leningrad did not enter the USSR Navy, but were immediately converted according to the export project 1234E for the Indian Navy.
By the autumn of 1969, the lead ship of the project (“Storm”) was transferred via inland waterways to the Black Sea and for fifteen months, starting from March 27, 1970, participated in joint tests, during which it performed 20 launches with the Malachite missile system ". Of these launches, four launches were emergency, six launches were rated as partially successful (missiles fell into the sea, not reaching the target by 100-200 m), during the remaining 10 launches (50%) a direct hit was achieved, including during the last firing , performed by a three-rocket salvo on June 20, 1971. On the basis of these tests, on March 17, 1972, the Malachite complex was adopted by surface ships.
During the exercises "Crimea-76", which took place in the summer of 1976, at a meeting of the leadership of the 5th Mediterranean squadron of ships of the USSR Navy in the presence of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy S. G. Gorshkov, the commander of the 166th division of small missile ships, captain 2nd rank Prutskov, made several proposals for the modernization of Project 1234 ships. The division commander suggested: moving the Osa-M air defense system from bow to stern, where it was less susceptible to wave overwhelm in stormy weather, installing a jamming station and a 76-mm automatic artillery mount for self-defense; establish bread baking on ships, for which purpose install flame ovens, as on destroyers. The commander-in-chief promised to take these proposals into account, and subsequently all of them (except for the proposal to change the location of the air defense system) were implemented on the ships of project 1234.1.
The second series of ships of Project 1234 (or Project 1234.1) was built at the same factories as the first: fifteen ships were built at the Primorsky Shipyard and four at the Vladivostok Shipyard. The remaining seven ships of project 1234E (out of ten) were built at the Vympel shipyard in Rybinsk.
A total of 47 ships of project 1234 and its modifications were built: 17 units of project 1234, 10 units of project 1234E (export), 19 units of project 1234.1 and one ship of project 1234.7 ("Roll").
Hull and superstructure
The hull of the project 1234 ship is smooth-deck, has boat lines, as well as a slight sheer; recruited according to the longitudinal system of the set of ship steel grade MK-35 increased strength. For most of the length, the hull has a double bottom and is divided into ten watertight compartments by nine bulkheads (on frames 11, 19, 25, 33, 41, 46, 57, 68 and 80), the transom is located along the 87th frame. Two bulkheads (on the 11th and 46th frames) and the transom are entirely made of steel grades 10 KhSN D or 10 KhSN 2D (SHL-45), for the remaining bulkheads the lower part is made of steel grades SHL-45, and the upper part is made of aluminum -magnesium alloy brand AMg61. Parts of bulkheads made of AMg61 were attached to steel parts and bottom, side and deck coamings using AMg5P alloy rivets on insulating pads.
The superstructure of the island-type ship is three-tiered and is located in the middle part of the hull. It is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy AMg61, with the exception of gas baffles. The internal bulkheads are also made of light alloy, and the connection of light baffles with a steel hull for corrosion protection is made on bimetallic inserts. Service and living quarters are located in the superstructure, on the main deck and on the upper and lower platforms. The height of the guard rails located along the sides of the ship in the area from the 1st to the 32nd and from the 42nd to the 87th frames does not exceed 900 mm.
The ship's spar consists of a four-legged truss-type foremast made of light alloy pipes and more developed on ships of Project 1234.1. On the foremast there are antennas of radio engineering devices and communications, signal halyards and navigation lights, antennas of radar stations.
The standard displacement of the ships of the basic design is 580 tons (according to other sources - 610 tons), the total displacement is 670-710 tons. The maximum length of the ships reached 59.3 m (54.0 m along the design waterline), the maximum width - 11.8 m (8.86 m at the waterline). The average draft along the design waterline is 3.02 m. The standard displacement of the ships of project 1234.1 is 640 tons, the total displacement is 730 tons. The maximum length of the ships reached 59.3 m (54.0 m along the design waterline), the maximum width was 11.8 m (8.96 m at the waterline). The average draft along the design waterline is 3.08 m.
Power plant
The main power plant (MPP) of Project 1234 ships and its modifications is made using the traditional echelon scheme and is located in two engine rooms (MO) - bow and stern. In the forward MO there are two 112-cylinder four-stroke main engines M-507A, working on the side shafts, and in the aft compartment there is one M-507A engine, working on the middle propeller. Each of the main engines consists of two seven-block (eight cylinders per block, cylinder diameter 16 cm, piston stroke 17 cm) star-shaped 56-cylinder M-504B diesel engines). Diesel engines are interconnected through a gearbox; the main engines each operate on their own fixed-pitch propeller. The screws protrude 1350 mm below the main line. The diameter of each of the three propellers is 2.5 m. The engine life exceeds 6000 hours at a crankshaft speed of 2000 rpm. The power of each of the engines is 10,000 liters. s., weight - 17 tons. During operation, the first installed engines had design flaws: the oil in the main engines had to be changed after 100 hours, and their engine life was only 500 hours; during the operation of the engines, gas contamination of the premises from their exhaust was observed. Subsequently, these shortcomings were eliminated, and the oil began to be changed three times less often.
The power of the power plant allows the ship to reach a full speed of 35 knots (34 knots on ships of projects 1234.1 and 1234.7), although some ships exceeded this figure. For example, while on exercises, the Zarnitsa small rocket ship repeatedly showed a full speed of 37-38 knots. Combat economic (operational-economic) speed - 18 knots, economic speed - 12 knots. The cruising range at full speed reached 415 nautical miles, combat economic speed - 1600 nautical miles (1500 for ships of projects 1234.1 and 1234.7), 12-knot economic speed - 4000 nautical miles (3700 for ships of projects 1234.1 and 1234.7) or 7280 km.
The ship also has two DG-300 diesel generators with a capacity of 300 kW each (both in the aft MO) and one DGR-75/1500 diesel generator with a capacity of 100 kW. Two MOs also housed a fuel tank with a capacity of 650 liters, a consumable oil tank with a capacity of 1600 liters, a thermostat for the cooling system TS-70 and mufflers DGR-300/1500.
Steering gear
To control the ship's course, a steering device is provided, consisting of a two-cylinder R-32 steering machine with a piston drive for two rudders and a Piton-211 control system. The steering machine is equipped with two electric variable displacement oil pumps. The main one is located in the afterpeak, the spare one is in the tiller compartment. Both hollow balanced rudders are streamlined; The rudder blade is made of SHL-45 steel. The limiting angle of the greatest turn of the rudders from the middle position to the side is 37.5°, the time for shifting the rudders to an angle of 70° is no more than 15 seconds. Both rudders can operate in the mode of roll dampers.
Mooring device
The mooring device consists of spiers, bollards, bale planks, views and mooring cables. In the bow of the ship there is an anchor-mooring electro-hydraulic capstan SHEG-12 with a speed of sampling a steel cable with a diameter of 23.5 mm of about 20 m/min and a traction force of 3000 kg. In the stern of the ship there is a mooring capstan ShZ with a hauling speed of about 15 m/min and a pulling force of 2000 kg. On the deck of the ship in the area of the 14th, 39th and 81st frames there are six bollards with pedestals with a diameter of 200 mm. The same number of bale planks with outlines are located in the area of the 11th, 57th and 85th frames. Three views are installed in the bow and stern, as well as on the forepeak platform. Each ship includes four mooring cables 220 m long and two chain stoppers.
anchor device
The structure of the anchor device of the ship includes the SHEG-12 capstan, the bow Hall anchor weighing 900 kg, the anchor chain of increased strength with spacers with a caliber of 28 mm and a length of 200 m; two chain stops, deck and anchor fairleads and a chain box located under the forepeak platform). The anchor device provides anchoring at depths up to 50 m with anchor and anchor chain etching at a speed of 23 m/min or 5 m/min when the anchor approaches the hawse. The anchor capstan control panel is located in the wheelhouse, and the manual control column is located on the deck (on the breakwater on the port side).
towing device
The towing device of Project 1234 ships consists of a bollard with bollards with a diameter of 300 mm (located in the center plane in the region of the 13th frame), a bale bar with rollers in the DP (area of the 1st frame), a towing hook in the DP aft at the transom, towing arc, 100-mm towing kapron rope 150 m long and towing view in the forepeak.
Rescue Devices
Rescue devices on the ship are represented by five PSN-10M life rafts (for 10 people each) located on the roof of the first tier of the superstructure, four lifebuoys located on the side of the wheelhouse in the area of the 41st frame and the 1st tier of the superstructure in the area of 71- of the frame, as well as individual ISS life jackets (provided for all crew members).
On the first ships of the project, the Chirok crew boat with a capacity of 5 people (together with the helmsman) could be taken as a rescue vehicle. The boat was placed on two davits of the Sh6I / YAL-6 type, located on the deck on the port side behind the gas baffle. However, the boat and davits were often damaged by a jet of flame during anti-ship missile launches, and therefore they were dismantled in the late 1970s; they were no longer used on Project 1234 ships.
seaworthiness
Small missile ships of project 1234 have satisfactory controllability on the wave at the bow heading angles, but at the stern heading angles the ships do not obey the rudder, “roll” appears and a large yaw begins along the course. At low speeds, with sea waves up to 4-5 points, the flooding and spattering of the deck and superstructure are not too significant, there is no flooding of the air intake shafts. At speeds over 14 knots, spray reaches the roof of the wheelhouse. Seaworthiness for the use of weapons - 5 points. The initial metacentric height is 2.37 m, the coefficient of transverse stability is 812 tm, the heeling moment is 19.8 tm/°. With a standard displacement, the buoyancy margin reaches 1835 m³.
Project 1234 small missile ships have good agility: the 360 ° turn time does not exceed 200 s (at a rudder angle of 25 °), the tactical circulation diameter does not exceed 30 ship lengths. The run distance to a full stop from full speed is no more than 75 ship lengths, an emergency stop is possible in 55 seconds.
Habitability
The number of personal crew of Project 1234 small missile ships in the state is 60 people, including 9 officers and 14 foremen. The number of the crew of the ships of project 1234.1 was increased by four people (an officer and 3 sailors), on the only ship of project 1234.7, the regular number of the crew was increased by one more sailor and reached 65 people.
The commander's cabin is located at the bow of the first tier of the superstructure (in the region of the 25th-32nd frames). It is divided into three rooms: an office, a bedroom and a bathroom. The wardroom of the foremen, if necessary, can be used as an operating room. On the upper platform in the area of the 33-41st frames there are three double and two single officer cabins, in the area of the 24-33rd frames there are one six-bed and two four-bed cabins for the foremen (midshipmen). The team is located in two cockpits: in the 27-seater on the upper platform (in the region of the 11-24th frames) and in the ten-seater in the region of the 11-19th frames.
In order to improve the habitability of personnel, three types of insulating structures were used in the design of the ship's hull: to protect against penetrating impulse noise (plates of flexible PVC-E foam plastic reinforced with PVC-1 foam plastic plates), to reduce airborne noise (VT-4 mats with filling light alloy sheets) and to protect premises from cooling (plates of various grades of foam plastic and expanded polystyrene, heat-insulating mats made of staple and nylon fibers).
Autonomy in terms of provisions - 10 days. On the ships of the Black Sea Fleet, which served in the Mediterranean Sea and were supplied with food irregularly, bakeries were installed, which were not originally envisaged by the project.