Types of ethical standards. Etiquette and ethical standards. Free nature of decision-making

Each type of human professional activity corresponds to certain types professional ethics with their own special features:

Medical ethics (set out in the Code of Ethics of the Russian Doctor, 1994).

Professional ethics of a journalist.

Business (economic) ethics is a set of norms of behavior of an entrepreneur, the requirements imposed by a cultural society on his style of work, the nature of communication between business participants, their social appearance.

Theft, greed, selfishness;

Talkativeness, disclosure of private information about clients, discussion with anyone of their shortcomings and weaknesses;

Intransigence, the desire to take over the client, to subordinate his interests to his own.

Should not strive for in order to remake or re-educate customers during the service - they must be accepted as they are. Serious mistakes of novice workers in the field of social and cultural services and tourism are often associated with resentment, with excessive ethical requirements in relation to customers, which indicates the personal vulnerability of the nature of such workers.

In the field of social and cultural services and tourism the importance of ethical standards is felt not only in the interaction of workers with consumers, but also workers among themselves. At the enterprise, the moral climate is of particular importance, where there are no conflicts, there are no humiliated, irritated, indifferent people, but everyone treats each other with respect and attention. It is important to create an atmosphere of mutual assistance in the team, the ability of employees to work together, as well as in special service groups (in a team).

Also, ethical standards in relationships with partners and colleagues include:

Maintain professional unity;

Cares about the prestige of the profession;

Maintain the standard of service relations;

Respect the right of colleagues to a reasoned refusal.

All this helps to achieve a common goal: to achieve effective customer service.

To unethical actions specialist with a clear violation of the law include the falsification of documents sent by services state regulation, embezzlement of funds, racial discrimination and sexual harassment in the workplace.

Principles- this is abstract, generalized ideas that enable those who rely on them to correctly shape their behavior, their actions in the business sphere. The principles are universal.

An employee of the service sector must observe the following principles in his work:

1. The main ethical principle is principle of humanism, meaning the recognition of a person as the highest value, faith in a person, his ability to improve, the demand for freedom and protection of the dignity of the individual, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe human right to happiness, that the satisfaction of the needs and interests of the individual should be ultimate goal society. The humanistic principle contains the oldest normative moral requirement, called the "Golden Rule".

It is formulated in a positive form: "do towards others as you would like them to do towards you", or in negative form: "do not act ...", etc. In a Russian proverb, it received the following interpretation: "what you do not like in others, do not do it yourself." The "Golden Rule" contains the humanistic idea of the equality of all people. It means the right and duty of the individual to take responsibility for their actions, contributes to the development of the desire to put oneself in the place of another.

2. The principle of impartiality in relation to the client and the desire for objectivity in making various decisions.

3. The principle of focusing on the client, taking care of him.

4. The principle of precise performance of professional duties.

5. The principle of showing respect for one's profession and for people with whom one has to come into contact in the performance of professional duties.

6. The principle of striving to improve their professional activities.

7. The principle of confidentiality, non-disclosure of personal information obtained in the course of professional activities.

8. The principle of avoiding potential and obvious conflicts between employees, with management and especially with the client.

In their work, one should not allow the emergence of off-duty relationships with clients or colleagues, managers or subordinates;

You should observe the principle of collegiality and not discuss your colleagues or subordinates in the presence of clients, partners or other persons;

It is impossible to allow a disruption of an already accepted order by refusing it in favor of another (more profitable) order;

Invalid discrimination clients, partners, colleagues or subordinates based on gender, race, age or any other characteristic.

In the textbook Solonitsina A.A. "Professional ethics and etiquette" lists the following professional ethical principles:

Essence of the first principle comes from the so-called gold standard: “Within official position never allow in relation to his subordinates, to management, to colleagues of his official position never to allow in relation to his subordinates, to management, to colleagues of his official level, to clients, etc. actions that you would not want to see in relation to yourself.

Second principle: justice is needed in providing employees with the resources necessary for their official activities (cash, raw materials, material, etc.).

Third principle requires mandatory correction of an ethical violation, regardless of when and by whom it was committed.

Fourth principle- the principle of maximum progress: official behavior and actions of an employee are recognized as ethical if they contribute to the development of the organization (or its divisions) from a moral point of view.

Fifth principle- the principle of minimum progress, according to which the actions of an employee or organization as a whole are ethical, if they at least do not violate ethical standards.

Sixth principle: ethical is the tolerant attitude of the employees of the organization to the moral principles, traditions, etc. that take place in other organizations, regions, countries.

Eighth principle: individual and collective principles are equally recognized as the basis for the development and decision-making in business relations.

Ninth principle: you should not be afraid to have your own opinion when solving any official issues. However nonconformism* as a personality trait should be manifested within reasonable limits.

Tenth principle- no violence, i.e. “pressure” on subordinates, expressed in various forms, for example, in an orderly, command manner of conducting an official conversation.

Eleventh principle- constancy of impact, expressed in the fact that ethical standards can be introduced into the life of the organization not by a one-time order, but only with the help of ongoing efforts on the part of both the manager and ordinary employees.

Twelfth Principle- when exposed (on a team, an individual employee, on a consumer, etc.), take into account the strength of possible counteraction. The fact is that, recognizing the value and necessity of ethical norms in theory, many workers, faced with them in practical everyday work, for one reason or another, begin to oppose them.

Thirteenth Principle consists in the expediency of advancing with trust - a sense of responsibility of the employee, to his competence, to a sense of duty, etc.

Fourteenth Principle strongly recommends striving for non-conflict. Although the conflict in the business sphere has not only dysfunctional, but also functional consequences, nevertheless, conflict is a fertile ground for ethical violations.

Fifteenth Principle- freedom that does not restrict the freedom of others; usually this principle, although in an implicit form, is due to job descriptions.

Sixteenth Principle: the employee must not only act ethically himself, but also promote the same behavior of his colleagues.

Seventeenth principle: don't criticize your competitor. This means not only a competing organization, but also an “internal competitor” - a team of another department, a colleague in which one can “see” a competitor.

These principles should serve as the basis for the development by each employee of any company, organization of their own personal ethical system.

Communication of civilized people is impossible without ethical principles, norms and rules. Without having or not observing them, people would take care only of their own interests, would not notice anyone and nothing around, thereby losing their relationship with others. Ethical norms and behavioral rules contribute to the cohesion and unification of society.

What it is?

Ethics is a set of rules that determine the degree of adequacy of behavior during any interaction with another person. Ethical norms, in turn, just represent the norms, thanks to which human contacts become pleasant for everyone. Of course, if you don't follow etiquette, you won't go to jail, and you won't have to pay a fine, because the justice system doesn't work. But censure of others can also become a kind of punishment, acting from the moral side.

Work, school, university, shop, public transport, home - in all these places there is an interaction with at least one person or more. In this case, the following methods of communication are usually used:

facial expressions;
movement;
Speaking.

Each of the actions is evaluated by strangers, even if they are not related to what is happening. The main thing is to understand that you cannot purposefully insult, humiliate and be rude to others, as well as cause them pain, especially physical pain.

Kinds

Ethical norms of communication are conditionally divided into two types: mandatory and recommended. The first moral principle forbids harming people. Contraindicated actions during communication - the creation of negative energy and similar feelings in the interlocutor.

In order not to create prerequisites for conflict, one should restrain negative emotions and understand that Every person has their own opinion and legal regulations not allowed to speak it. This attitude should apply to all people, and especially teenagers who are prone to excessive emotional outbursts in a dispute or quarrel.

it is important to remember self-esteem;
do not forget about modesty;
always treat people with respect and do not even mentally restrict any of their rights.

At the same time, communication motives are the determining factor; they can also be divided into several types.

Positive: in this case, a person tries to make the interlocutor happier, respect him, show love, understanding, create interest.
Neutral: here there is only information transfer of one person to another, for example, during work or other activities.
Negative: indignation, anger and other similar feelings - all this is acceptable if you have to face injustice. However, it is important to control oneself so that such motives do not turn into illegal actions.

Even the last point relates to ethics, like the rest, because all of the above is based on the motives of high morality. It is a completely different matter when a person is guided by base motives, wanting to commit deceit, revenge, or deliberately deprive someone of Have a good mood. This behavior is contrary to ethics, although it may have some exceptions.

Of course, general ethical principles apply to every person, no matter who he is, but the so-called business world has managed to create its own rules of communication, which must also be observed while in the appropriate environment. In fact, they differ only in the presence of a permanent formality. These rules sound very accessible.

There is no absolute truth even in morality, and it is the highest human judge.
If you want to change the world, start with yourself. Praising others, find claims in your direction. Forgiving the misdeeds of others, always punish yourself.
It depends only on the person himself how he will be treated.

develop special ethical standards;
create personal commissions on ethics;
properly train employees and instill in them respect for ethical standards and for each other.

Thanks to such decisions, a certain therapeutic effect is created for the entire team, helping to create or improve a moral atmosphere, increase loyalty and not forget about morality. The reputation of the firm will also improve.

Basic Rules

The concept of "ethics" and its rules should be known to all self-respecting people. Moreover, the basics of good tone are quite simple - remembering and observing them will not be difficult.

Communication in one's own home with relatives can be of any character acceptable to a particular family, however, when entering society, behavior with other people must comply with generally accepted standards. Many adhere to the statement that there is only one opportunity to make a proper impression on a stranger, and this is remembered with each new acquaintance. In order for everything to go well, it is important not to forget about the implementation of a few simple rules.

It doesn't matter if it happens in cheerful company or at a formal event, strangers should first be introduced to each other.
Names are a very important detail, so you need to try to remember each one.
When a man and a woman meet, the representative of the stronger sex, as a rule, begins to speak first, but there may be an exception if he is a famous person or there is a meeting of a business nature.

Seeing a significant age difference, the younger should introduce himself to the older one first.
If possible, you should rise when an acquaintance occurs.
When the acquaintance has already taken place, the one who is higher in rank or position in society or the older person continues the interaction. A different alignment is possible when an awkward silence occurs.
If you had to sit down with strangers at the same table, it is necessary to make an acquaintance with those sitting nearby before the start of the meal.
When shaking hands, the gaze should be directed into the eyes of the person opposite.
The palm for a handshake is extended into vertical position rib down. This gesture shows that the interlocutors are equal.
Gestures are as important a component of communication as words, so you need to follow them.
Shaking hands with a glove is not worth it, it is better to take it off even on the street. However, women do not have to do this.
After a meeting and greeting, they usually find out how the interlocutor is doing, or how he is doing.
The content of the conversation should not touch on topics, the discussion of which will cause discomfort to one of the parties.

Opinions, values, and tastes are personal things and should either not be discussed at all, or done with care so as not to hurt anyone's feelings.
If you want to show your personality with better side, you can’t praise yourself, otherwise you will achieve the opposite result, since boasting is not encouraged.
The tone of conversation should always remain as polite as possible. The interlocutor, most likely, is not to blame for the problems of personal relationships of another person, and a gloomy look will only repel and upset him.
If the place of action is a company of three or more people, then you should not whisper with someone.
After the end of the conversation, it is important to say goodbye competently and culturally in order to prevent an unforgivable violation.

Not only adults, but also children, from a conscious age, should know the listed rules that regulate their behavior in the future. To regulate ethics and good manners for your child means to raise him as a worthy person who will be accepted into society. However, you should not only tell the kids how to behave with other people. It is much more important to show it on own example, serving as proof of correct behavior.

Morality and etiquette

These concepts are a whole science of courtesy and politeness. Morality can also be called a code of morality and decency. All this affects the behavior of people, their communication and attitude towards each other. There are many historical examples of the management of a society especially interested in morality.

The established norms included in the concept of etiquette determine the type of a particular person, referring him, for example, to good or evil, depending on how he presents himself in public.

It is senseless to deny the great influence of moral principles on the culture of the whole world, starting from ancient times. Since then, and to this day, informal rules are passed from parents to children. Something remains unchanged for centuries, while the other changes when it completely loses its relevance. This means that for each time there are their own concepts, as well as for each individual people or even a single family.

Discussions about the correctness or errors in personal judgments of people, different in their temperament and upbringing, can be endless, but everyone will find their own arguments in favor of one or another principle or contrary to the objection.

For information on how to behave in society, see the video below.

Peculiarities

Ethical norms are a certain set of rules that determines behavior when interacting with other people. The main goal is to make contacts pleasant and more effective for everyone. If you do not follow etiquette, this will not lead to any penalties in the form of criminal or administrative liability. However, such behavior will be condemned by others. It is important to remember that all our actions characterize us as a person.

The science of morality is now not taught in all educational institutions. That is why many young people are rude and tactless, do not know how to behave in various situations. It is important to educate modern youth in accordance with ethical standards.

Compliance with the rules of ethics can be achieved when everyone submits good example. Remember that interacting with a polite person is a pleasure. Dialogue with a rude person, on the contrary, is a feeling of rejection, and even discomfort.

There are not so many rules related to the ethical principles of communication: do not raise your tone, do not be rude to your interlocutor, show attention and listen to the speaker, do not interrupt the person and others.

The prerequisites for the emergence can be found in the writings of Aristotle, who first used the term ethics, and also defined morality as a system of values for the regulation of social relations. Already in those days, people understood the importance and significance of ethical norms and rules of conduct for effective life.

Basic principles:

the ability to sacrifice something for the sake of another;
to establish interaction with others in good traditions;
self-criticism to oneself: this refers to responsibility and the fulfillment of a moral duty;
fair attitude towards your interlocutor and any situation;
equality between people: a person who observes ethical standards will not put himself above his interlocutor.

Only with the help of sincerity and openness can trust arise between people, and then communication will already move to another higher quality level.

Building your dialogue morally, you can not only look attractive in the eyes of other people, but also earn respect and trust in yourself, as well as establish the necessary contacts.

Important Ingredients

We have already figured out that ethical standards are impossible without such important components as morality, ethics, code of ethics (in relation to different professions).

Here it can also be noted Golden Rule: Treat others the way you want to be treated. This concept is the basis of all principles of morality.

There are other types ethical communication depending on the field: medicine, journalism, office work and others. All of them have their content. However, the golden rule is one system which goes through all norms and principles.

One of the components of ethics is business etiquette. The success of any enterprise will depend on it. Efficient and correct interaction of people in business will make it easier to establish business contacts, to negotiate correctly and, as a result, to conclude important contracts. The main thing is to follow the basic rules.

In any situation, always be polite. Regardless of the feelings and emotions experienced, it is important to maintain composure so as not to get into an awkward situation and subsequently regret your behavior. Business Etiquette implies the observance of certain rules in clothing, as well as the creation of a stylish appearance.

Ethical norms are also important in various professions, for example, in medicine. For nursing behavior, one can single out such principles as humanity, compassion, benevolence, disinterestedness, diligence and others. Only guided by these components, it is possible to conduct effective work activities.

Moral standards of relationships

The moral norms of our relationship are not legal. However, this does not mean that they can be easily violated. If everyone starts with himself, with awareness and improvement of his behavior, then the process of building a harmonious society will become possible.

The main purpose of such norms is the manifestation of kindness in a person. One must accept the fact that the soul needs to maintain an inner good climate. Such rules are relevant for any human activity, violation of them leads to negative consequences. For example, with the active information component of the modern world, when there is access to world wide web, you can find and get any information. Some unfriendly action seen by a teenager can be misinterpreted and taken as the basis of behavior.

As a therapeutic measure, you should have regular conversations with your children. In addition, it will be useful to introduce subjects in schools that will help guide the child in the right way, how to function effectively in society and at the same time observe ethical standards of behavior.

Ethical norms are a system of common values and rules of ethics that people follow. The main base should be politeness, correctness, tact, modesty in communication, accuracy and courtesy.

By expressing respect for your interlocutor, you express respect for yourself. It is worth remembering that every person is a person who deserves attention, understanding, proper treatment.

Ethics rules

You can win over others with the help of good manners and responsible behavior. Compliance with the norms and rules of ethics will help not only create the right impression when meeting, but also earn a reputation as a well-mannered and cultured person. Next, we will analyze the basic rules of ethics.

Tact or sense of proportion. You need to know what to say or do in a given situation and what is prohibited by the code of conduct. In this case, your modesty will play an important role. It's no secret that self-centered people want to always attract attention, to participate in all conversations. It is worth noting that tact is not learned, but this feeling can be developed. The main thing is desire and training.
It is worth noting the tact in clothes. You don't have to follow the latest fashion trends. It is important to simply dress tastefully and be neat. This will mean your attention to the interlocutor. People usually limit communication with a sloppy person.
Assess your way of speaking. It is worth being attentive and sensitive to the interlocutor, so as not to evoke difficult memories in a conversation, not to offend him with inappropriate jokes. Also, don't insult people. It will be considered indecent and a whisper in the ear of a neighbor. During an active discussion, one should not gesticulate too much, spray saliva.

It is important to be accurate at all times, to avoid negligence. You should not fawn and be too curious. Remember that it will be bad form if you look into other people's documents or eavesdrop on other people's conversations. It is not necessary for a person to point out his shortcomings in clothing or behavior. If something worries you, then you need to express it to him in private. If you have been helped or rendered a service, then you should thank the person.
It is important to be in control of yourself. Proper behavior involves remaining calm in any situation. You should not clearly show your delight or dissatisfaction at a certain moment. No need to defiantly leave if an unsympathetic person for you has approached. Also show concern for other people and remember that women have an advantage over men, the elderly over the young, the sick over healthy people.

Society encourages those types of good manners that establish options for constructive communication as opposed to negative behavior. This refers to the way you communicate, sit, move, etc.

Such rules governing behavior are quite effective. Society is interested in every person following them. It is thanks to the rules of behavior that effective management in production, optimal interaction in the team of employees, students, high-quality performance of all tasks is ensured.

Thus, ethical norms regulate the behavior that allows each person to accept another person, to exist effectively in society, to achieve goals.

Behavior examples

Denying the norms of decency is a common behavior among young people. Of course, such a model of behavior does not contain an illegal violation, which means that it is not punished criminally or with the help of administrative fines. At the same time, more and more often in educational institutions begin to pay attention to the issue of ethical standards.

Young people should imbibe the values that adults pass on to them by their example. That is why it is important to behave in accordance with the norms for both adults and children. Examples of behavior are characterized by great diversity.

It is worth remembering that if you are to blame for a person, then you should apologize briefly by saying the word “sorry” or “forgive me, please.” If you need to ask for a favor, then you need to do it politely and courteously. You can say "sorry to bother" or "be kind."
As for movements, let them be as natural as possible. Walk firmly, measuredly and evenly. Make sure your hands don't dangle lifelessly. Move them freely and easily. Do not prop them up on your sides or keep them in your pockets. This behavior is unacceptable.
By the way a person sits, one can speak about his upbringing. Do not do it imposingly, casually leaning back in a chair. Never put your feet on the table, do not swing on a chair, do not sit on it astride. If you want to cross your legs - this is permissible, but it is impossible for the ankle to reach the knee of the other leg.

Human communication is based on some ethical principles, norms and rules. Without their observance, communication will slide to the satisfaction of one's own needs, which will lead to the destruction of relationships between people.

The task of all ethical norms and rules of conduct is to unite and unite all members of society.

... the most important rule communication with strong people: one cannot publicly doubt their infallibility.
Jennifer Egan. Citadel

Every person has a need to communicate with others. Some are more sociable, some are less, but for the main two forms of human interaction - friendship and love - communication is necessary. Any human actions always have some kind of framework, boundaries and rules. What norms and rules govern our communication and determine the culture of speech?

The problem of communication ethics

The ethics of speech communication is determined by the culture of speech. Ethics prescribes to people the rules of moral behavior, etiquette determines the manners of behavior in certain situations and specific formulas of politeness. A person who observes etiquette, but violates the ethical standards of communication, is hypocritical and deceptive. Ethical and highly moral behavior with non-compliance with the rules of etiquette from the outside also looks rather strange and does not inspire confidence.

Thus, the concepts of ethics speech communication and speech etiquette must be considered together. The basic ethical principles and moral norms of communication are always considered along with specific rules for conducting a conversation: a greeting, a request, a question, gratitude, farewell, etc. And if almost everyone is familiar with speech etiquette (the ways of greeting, gratitude, congratulations, expressing gratitude and sympathy, etc. are familiar to many), then we often forget about ethical principles and norms.

Ethical principles of communication

There is a so-called golden rule of communication, the essence of which is that you should treat others the way you would like others to treat you. This rule can be extended to any situation. Thus, the following basic ethical principles of communication are considered:

(willingness to sacrifice something for the sake of another),
virtue (establishing relationships with others from the standpoint of good and good),
exactingness (making demands on oneself and others to fulfill a moral duty, responsibility),
justice,
parity (equality between people), etc.
Thanks to benevolence, sincerity and openness, trust arises between people, without which communication is impossible. The following moral qualities of a person are also manifested in communication: honesty, truthfulness, kindness, respect for others, concern for others, politeness, etc.

The ethical principles of communication also affect the content of the speech itself. It should be logical, understandable to both parties, polite, meaningful, truthful and expedient. The question of brevity as the sister of talent, everyone decides for himself. To some, a short speech seems unnatural (it depends only on the personal characteristics of a person).
Types of ethics
Ethical norms of communication can be conditionally divided into mandatory and recommended. Obligatory ethical norm is observance of the principle "Do no harm". In order not to cause harm to a person through communication, it is important to restrain negative emotions, not to offend another, not to humiliate, not to be rude and not to envy.

Ethical norms are also determined by the motives of communication:
- There are emotionally positive motives: to bring joy, to satisfy the interlocutor's need for understanding, respect and love, to interest.
  There are emotionally neutral motives: to convey information.
  There are emotionally negative motives: to be indignant in response to a bad deed, to express anger at injustice.
  All of them are considered ethical because they are based on high moral motives. But when a person proceeds from base motives (to deceive another, to take revenge, to spoil the mood), this is not ethical, although it can be dressed in an acceptable form.
  Non-compliance with ethical standards
  When the ethics of speech communication is not respected (a person is rude, insults, opposes himself to others, imposes his own opinion on others, etc.), this leads to damage both for the speaker and for the listener. A moral person always experiences shame, not only when he himself voluntarily or involuntarily does something unethical, but also when others do it. In addition, non-compliance with norms and rules can lead to disruption of communication, the emergence of barriers and interference in communication.
  Ethics in business communication
  Along with general ethical principles, the business world has its own, additional rules and communication standards. Main difference business communication from the usual, everyday - this is the presence of a greater number of formalities. Almost the same laws and moral norms apply here:
  - In morality there is no absolute truth and the highest judge among people.
    You always need to start with yourself: we praise others, we make claims against ourselves; we do not make an elephant out of a fly in case of mistakes of others and do the opposite in relation to ourselves.
    The moral attitude of others towards us depends only on ourselves.
    The basic ethical principles of communication in the business world are considered not only in relation to any interpersonal interaction, but are also divided into vertical communication (subordinate-manager) and horizontal communication (employee-employee).
    
    Any organization should strive to improve the ethics of communication: the development of ethical standards, the creation of special commissions on ethics, training and instilling ethical standards among employees. Thanks to this, the moral atmosphere of the entire enterprise will improve, which will lead to increased employee loyalty, the implementation of the right moral choice when making decisions, and strengthening the reputation of the company.
    
    In any communication, with friends, relatives or colleagues, one must adhere to basic ethical norms and rules. This will allow you to build trusting relationships with others, give and receive support and help from them, satisfy your own and others' needs for respect, recognition and love. In order to educate a highly spiritual society, to pass on moral values to other generations, it is worth starting, first of all, with oneself. Perhaps this small contribution of everyone individual person in their own development and education will change the world.

In conditions when statehood based on rigid centralization is being replaced by management based on the principles of serving the state Russian society, the requirements for the norms of official conduct are increasing due to their significant impact on the effectiveness of the professional activities of lawyers.

Service behavior is a kind of social behavior of a person and includes a system of behavioral expectations and patterns social interaction existing in the professional field.

Service behavior is regulated by the principle of eligibility and incompetence of actions and deeds. At the intersection of the eligibility and incompetence of official activities, three types of official behavior of officials arise:

1) mandatory (under duress in accordance with the law).
2) due (under the contract and in accordance with the distribution of duties)
3) desirable (of one's own free will).

Real official behavior develops as a result of a rational choice of a model of behavior and professional activity.

An important factor that determines behavioral specificity is the service itself as an aggregate social subject.

It is in the interaction of collective, group and personal behavior that a matrix of norms of service behavior arises, which is then constantly reproduced.

Professional activity acts as a collective (generalized) subject of service behavior, since it develops values, norms and rules of behavior that are fundamentally different from other organizations. Professional activity connects both the collective and the group, and the individual employee as its personalized basis. It has the structure of a pyramidal system of administrative managerial relations and a set of ethical standards.

The group level of service behavior includes, as a dominant system, norms, values, mechanisms of cohesion and activity developed by group associations of people.

The personal level of service behavior includes value orientations and attitudes of the individual, which are a reflection of life (social) experience, the result of an individual's adaptation to the social environment and a factor of identification with a certain professional group.

The morality of a lawyer is based on their personal moral attitudes, and on social needs. Therefore, ethical standards in the performance official duties imply special procedures and methods of control, which depend on many circumstances and are established separately. Service behavior is, by definition, controlled.

As a means of regulating the official behavior of a lawyer, external control(laws, rules, codes, regulations, instructions) and internal control (beliefs, values and norms).

It should be noted that motivation is a need that prompts a person to act with a specific goal. The need is the internal aspect of motivation, and the goal is its external aspect.

There are four types of motivational preferences for service behavior:

1) the desire for creative self-realization (gaining satisfaction from work and professional growth);
2) call of duty ( professional activity equipped for the implementation of public and official interests).
3) pragmatic orientation (the desire to ensure individual material and monetary wealth);
4) career interest (work for promotion).

Of particular importance in understanding the essence of service behavior is the concept of "behavior style". The style of service behavior reflects the properties of the personality traits of a lawyer, the level of his competence, ability and will to optimally use personality traits to perform professional tasks. The style of service behavior is formed on the basis of efficiency. The business approach allows you to resist the conservatism of thinking, active and hidden forms of bureaucracy, formalism, technocracy. To master efficiency, competence is necessary. A professionally competent lawyer performs the functions of the position in essence, not in form, achieving the results of work, and not imitating the process of official activity.

Ethical standards of conduct

Normativity is a property of morality and law that allows regulating people's behavior, and at the same time, the result of the operation of traditions and norms of relationships between people and the social environment.

For a correct understanding, one should distinguish between traditions and norms, not identify them social functions. Traditions are a specific, creative way of functioning of norms and stereotypes of behavior. Stereotypes help to remove uncertainty, eliminate ambiguity and thereby facilitate the process of organizing one's own behavior for a person.

Any social and legal norms (from lat. norma - a rule, a model) are generally intended to influence the volitional behavior of people, and the relationship between the individual and society is the subject of this regulation.

Codes of conduct are generally accepted patterns of behavior. Depending on the type social control norms of behavior are habitual cultural patterns of activity and customs accepted in a society or social group and not valid outside it. The content side of the norms of behavior is to keep the individual from committing actions and deeds that are incompatible with accepted laws and moral customs, through the threat of punishment or the expression of public contempt.

The ethical standard of conduct is one of the most simple forms moral requirements for the individual, acting, on the one hand, as an element of moral relations (custom), constantly reproduced by the power of mass habit, example, supported public opinion, and on the other - as a form of moral consciousness, formulated as a command to oneself, requiring strict implementation based on one's own ideas about good and evil, duty, conscience, justice.

Ethical norms of behavior are formed in the process of the evolutionary development of mankind, taking the form of universal moral values, developed by each society in its concrete historical originality, as well as by individual social groups and each individual separately.

By belonging to the carriers of value, one can distinguish general, general, group and personal ethical norms.

Universal ethical norms express the universal moral requirements of the hostel. They are formulated in the "golden" rule of ethics: act towards others as you would like them to act towards you.

The general ethical norms of morality prevailing in a society extend their requirements to all members of a given society without exception, acting as a means of regulating and evaluating relations and interactions between people. In the process of expansion; social experience each person is included in different social groups, being, as a rule, simultaneously a member of several groups.

Group ethical norms ensure the inclusion of the individual in the group, the processes and mechanisms of group interaction affect all types of behavior, including when he becomes a member of another group. Occupying a certain position in the team, a person assimilates the given and develops personal norms, prescribes his own position and forms of behavior in which the process of his existence as a person is realized.

Personal ethical norms act as a characteristic of the subjective "inner" world of a person. They are related to his idea of himself and for this reason do not need to be "assimilated" and "accepted". Following personal ethical standards is primarily associated with a sense of self-respect, high self-esteem, confidence in one's actions. Departure from these norms is always associated with a sense of guilt (conscience) - self-condemnation and even a violation of the integrity of the individual.

Thus, the behavior of a person carrying out professional service activities is difficult to determine.

It is controlled by both external ethical regulators (universal values, morality prevailing in society, group norms) and internal mechanisms of self-regulation (self-consciousness, self-esteem, motivational sphere, attitudes on the basis of which personal norms are formed). External and internal regulators are in a complex dynamic contradictory interaction.

At every moment, they give a person the right to make a moral choice based on the external requirements placed on him.