Teenager and career choice. The importance of choosing the right profession The importance of choosing a profession in a person's life lecture

Introduction

The choice of a profession in the life of every person is of great importance. This is a choice of life path, a choice of fate. This is a choice that everyone makes in adolescence. It is of great importance for the individual himself and is important for society. Work is the main ingredient human life. Work gives us not only a livelihood, but also self-satisfaction, a certain place in society, gives meaning to our life. The choice of a profession is the point where the interests of the individual and society converge, where a harmonious combination of personal and common interests is possible and necessary.

But just choosing is not enough. The main thing is that a person chooses exactly what he likes, so that he really gets self-satisfaction and pleasure from life. Confucius said that a person who finds a job he loves does not work all his life. A successful choice of a profession by a person is one of the decisive conditions for the comprehensive development of an individual, which is of great importance for society as a whole, including economic: the work of a highly and multilaterally developed person is more productive and better than an underdeveloped one. So, the right choice of profession is one of the cornerstones of personal human happiness, without which there can be no general happiness.

The purpose of this work was to update attention on such an important component of our life as a profession.

The purpose of this essay is to consider this topic from two positions: the position of the initial choice and the position of deformation of the internal and physical qualities of a person under the influence of the profession.

Role of career choice

The professional path of a person, of course, begins with the choice of the profession itself. This is the first stage of professional development. Every young person begins to choose a profession primarily from an analysis of their own capabilities.

The freedom to choose a profession, which in our time has become a panacea, is a privilege available only modern society. A hundred and fifty years ago, traditions decided everything: a man did what his ancestors did, women did not work at all. As a rule, our contemporary independently decides who to be. Of course, many factors influence the choice (the opinion of parents and friends, social status, the state of the labor market, the case), but the last word usually rests with the young man. It is a clear realization that a young man chose a profession himself, and not forced to, is very important for the normal formation of personality.

For the first time, we begin to think seriously about choosing a profession at school. In general, based on the results of a child’s development at school, his self-determination should be readiness to choose a profession, thinking, inventing, designing options for professional life paths. In most cases, the motives for choosing a profession are:

Advice from friends (25% of students)

Advice from parents (17% of students)

Media influence (10% of students)

Random factors such as proximity educational institution home (9% of students)

Interest in the profession (the remaining 39%)

For the most part, students who motivate their choice with interest are successful in choosing. They are also more successful in their chosen training and further professional activity.

Everyone goes through the stage of choosing a profession in life, and the main thing is to choose the right one. Career guidance is available to help you choose.

PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION (English vocational orientation) a system of events to familiarize young people with the world of professions. (BPS B. G. Meshcheryakova, V. P. Zinchenko)

It is very intensively carried out in the senior classes of the school.

Career guidance includes several points:

Vocational education - familiarization of students and graduates of educational institutions with modern and current views labor activity, career opportunities, wages and staffing needs. Vocational education forms motivated professional intentions among young people. For the most part, they are formed by students from an independent analysis of their physical, psychological and socio-economic needs and opportunities.

· Professional Development. This is help in a possible re-selection of a profession and professional retraining. For the most part, first-year students or more mature individuals need it.

· Professional education - the formation of industriousness, responsibility, development of abilities and inclinations among young people.

· Professional counseling - assisting students in professional self-determination and providing recommendations to students on possible areas of professional activity that are most appropriate for their psychological, psychophysiological, physiological characteristics, based on the results of psychological, psychophysiological and medical diagnostics. Usually carried out in the form of a conversation with a psychologist. But it can also occur in the form of receipt additional information by profession or in the form of advice from older and more experienced people (parents or teachers).

AT Russian Federation developed and developed various systems career guidance tests, questionnaires, games, computer programs and systems.

In general, choosing a profession is the first stage of the professional cycle that every person must go through. The next stage is education and vocational training. Then the beginning of independent work and the accumulation of experience. After, promotion career ladder and further professionalization. The last stage may not be, because. it largely depends on many personal qualities of a person (mobility, diligence, sociability, etc.).

It should be noted that the choice of a profession is not a momentary decision, it is a long process that can begin in early childhood. This is a process that is formed, as it were, from small, intermediate decisions in the child's life (which circle to attend, what subjects are most interesting, etc.). This is also affected by heredity, abilities. Education plays an important role, of course.

Decision factors in choosing a profession have been, and still are, the subject of research and debate in the psychological world. Some researchers believe that the choice of a profession is a given social phenomenon - the social self-determination of a person, determined by social characteristics professions. Others consider this choice as a choice of activity, where the main thing is the interest in the profession.

For example, E. A. Klimov identifies such factors that determine professional choice:

1. The position of the parents. Often the choice of the child is influenced by the disagreement or prejudice of the parents. In most cases, this is due to unfulfilled dreams and unfulfillment of parents in any activity.

2. The position of friends, peers. In adolescence, a person is greatly influenced by the general opinion, and especially the opinion of friends, which can very much affect such a thing as choosing a profession.

3. The position of the teacher. Each teacher, observing the student in his learning activities, notes his abilities, interests, and other characteristics, and expressing his opinion about the student in the learning process influences his choice.

4. Personal plans. All people make plans for at least the near future, but also think about the distant future. It includes life goals, ways and means to achieve them. Since the profession can become this means, accordingly, the goals for the future have a direct influence on its choice.

5. Abilities and talents.

6. The need for public recognition.

7. Awareness. Possible lack of information about the profession of interest or the possession of incorrect information.

8. Tendencies. This is the level of the subject's mental readiness for a serious choice, his level of personal claims.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RIGHT CHOICE OF PROFESSION

The choice of a profession, a job that ensures professional growth and material prosperity, social recognition is one of the most important concerns and problems of every person. But it is often solved at the level of intuition, and even under the influence of mood, superficial impressions, parental whims, through trial and error.

The negative consequences of mistakes in choosing a profession are often not taken into account and are not calculated. Let us cite the opinion of a well-known publicist: “Having taken a case not according to one’s abilities, having taken a wrong place, it is difficult, and perhaps impossible, to be an honest person in general.” All right. A mediocre worker, as a rule, is self-confident, prone to lies, laziness, envy, flattery, and sometimes extortion. Thus, he tries to fill the emptiness of the soul and pocket.

The foregoing is true not only in relation to the "high" intellectual professions, but also to the simplest, ordinary ones. A mediocre politician, military leader, manager, lawyer, doctor - a real disaster. But a lot of trouble and damage from an inept plumber, telehandler, turner and baker, whose hands and head are clearly not suitable for the work performed. Botching and marriage not only economically but also morally impoverish society.

Meanwhile, according to generalized data, 20-30% of workers in various fields of activity are not in their place, as evidenced by the failure to meet production standards, job descriptions, excessive fatigue, fraught with serious ailments. And 70-80% of workers and specialists are not satisfied with the chosen profession for these and other reasons. The more difficult and responsible the work, the more such cases.

The problem of choosing a profession has objective origins and grounds. What are they? Between people, as well as between professions, there are persistent differences. So, in terms of the speed of reaction, awareness of information and decision-making, the spread of indicators in a large group of people reaches 3-4 times; significant - about 1120 - variations of temperament and character were also revealed. A certain combination of certain characteristics of a person, explicitly or implicitly, tends to specific groups of professions.

Professions, however, are “in their own mind” - each, and there are tens of thousands of them, their own requirements for a person, his temper, his calculation. We choose and we are chosen.

By combining a suitable person with a profession, position corresponding to his individual characteristics, we get a big win in increasing productivity and quality of work, reducing injuries, occupational diseases, increasing well-being, income, job satisfaction and life. The hack-work retreats, the whiners and swindlers become less.

These are the effects and potential right choice professions.

REMINDER FOR CHOOSING A PROFESSION

Choosing a profession is a difficult and responsible step in your life.

Don't give your choice future profession occasion.

Use the information of professionals.

The profession must be chosen wisely, taking into account one's abilities,

inner convictions (only the indifferent go where they have to),

real opportunities, weighing all the pros and cons.

TO THIS END:

Explore yourself deeper:

figure out in your interests (what is interesting for you at the level of a hobby, and what can become a profession), inclinations, features of your character and physical capabilities.

Think about your strengths and weak sides, major and minor qualities.

Explore careers that match your interests and abilities. Read more books, articles, magazines.

Designate a pre-selected profession or a group of related professions.

Talk to representatives of the chosen professions, try to visit the workplace of these specialists, get acquainted with the nature and working conditions. Think over how, where and when you can try your hand at this business practically and - act!

Get to know the educational institutions where you can get your chosen profession.

Compare your personal qualities and capabilities with the nature of the profession you have chosen.

Having made a decision, do not retreat in the face of difficulties. Be persistent in achieving your goals.

WE WISH YOU SUCCESS!

PRINCIPLES THAT SHOULD BE GUIDED

PERSON CHOOSE A PROFESSION

CONSCIOUSNESS PRINCIPLE . A person who clearly understands the following can choose the right profession:

What does he want (realizing his goals, life plans, ideals, aspirations, value orientations);

What is he (knowing his personal and physical characteristics);

What can he (who knows his inclinations, abilities, talents);

What will the work and labor collective require from him.

CONFORMITY PRINCIPLE . The chosen profession must meet (correspond to) the interests, inclinations, abilities, state of human health and, at the same time, the needs of society in personnel.

ACTIVITY PRINCIPLE . You have to actively search for a profession yourself. The following are called upon to play an important role in this: a practical test of strength in circles, sections, and electives; reading literature, excursions, meetings with specialists, visits to educational institutions in the "Days open doors”, an independent appeal to a psychologist or professional consultant.

DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLE . Reflects the idea of the need to develop in oneself such qualities that are needed for any profession. These are mental processes (thinking, memory, attention) and the following character traits: diligence, conscientiousness, diligence, organization, diligence, independence, initiative, the ability to endure failures, endurance, perseverance.

ERRORS AND DIFFICULTIES IN CHOOSING A PROFESSION

1. IGNORANCE OF THE RULES OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION:

Choosing a profession for the company;

Transfer of attitude towards a person to the profession itself;

Identification of the subject with the profession;

Orientation directly to the profession highly qualified;

Inability to determine the path of obtaining a profession.

2. NOT KNOWING YOURSELF:

Ignorance or underestimation of their physical features;

Ignorance or underestimation of their psychological characteristics;

Inability to correlate their abilities with the requirements of the profession;

3. IGNORANCE OF THE WORLD OF PROFESSIONS:

Passion only for the outer side of the profession;

Prejudice against the prestige of the profession;

Ignorance of the requirements of the profession for a person;

Outdated ideas about the nature and working conditions of a particular profession.

PLANNING YOUR PROFESSIONAL CAREER,

IT IS USEFUL TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

What skills and abilities do you enjoy the most?

What are your main interests and favorite pastime?

What kind academic subjects do you have favorites?

What would you like to do every day for 8 hours a year?

What job do you dream of?

Where do you envision your job in 10 years?

What job would be ideal for you? Describe it in as much detail as possible. Imagine yourself in this job, who do you work with, how do you spend your time?

What are your criteria for choosing a profession? (mandatory and desirable)

What are your strengths and skills most enable you to consider yourself suitable for a job that you think is ideal?

What gaps in your knowledge and skills do you need to fill in order to land the perfect job for you?

If the job that is ideal for you is not currently available, what kind of work could you do to move in your chosen direction?

Who can be consulted for information useful for career planning?

Finally, write down your immediate and long-term career goals and take action.

CONDITION OF OPTIMAL CHOICE OF PROFESSION

WANT- aspirations of the individual (desires, interests, inclinations, ideals).

CAN- personal capabilities (state of health, abilities, level of knowledge, character, temperament).

NECESSARY- the needs of society in personnel, and the awareness of the need to expend certain efforts to achieve vital goals.

PERSONAL PROFESSIONAL PLAN

1. The main goal (what I will do, what I will be, what I will achieve, the ideal of life and activity).

2. A chain of immediate and more distant specific goals (what and where to study, prospects for improving skills).

3. Ways and means to achieve immediate goals (conversations with people, a test of strength, self-education, admission to an educational institution, preparatory courses).

4. External conditions for achieving goals (difficulties, possible obstacles, possible opposition of certain people).

5. Internal conditions (own opportunities: state of health, ability to theoretical or practical training, perseverance, patience, personal qualities necessary for work in this specialty).

6. Fallback options for goals and ways to achieve them in case of insurmountable obstacles to the implementation of the main option.

Characteristics of the professional plan:

certainty , clarity of plan (if a person indicates a single profession and the corresponding type of educational institution);

completeness of the plan (when all the necessary factors for choosing a profession are taken into account: the orientation of interests, inclinations, abilities, health status, level of education, etc.);

plan sustainability (in time, as confidence in the correctness of the choice and noise immunity in the pursuit of its implementation);

realistic plan (as a reliance on real social and psychological possibilities for making a choice);

logical validity and internal consistency (as a correlation of the inclinations and abilities of a person with the requirements of the profession);

moral justification plan (if the motives of the profession relate to the content of the activity);

consistency plan with the needs of the labor market.

STAGES OF FORMING A PROFESSIONAL PLAN

Compiling a personal professional plan, necessary:

Determine what type of activity you are interested in; to analyze the extent to which the inclinations to work in the areas of "man-nature", "man-technology", "man-man", "man-sign system", "man-artistic image" are expressed; draw up a formula for the profession of interest;

Find out what professions are required in the labor market, in the city, district where you live;

Compare the data obtained and draw a conclusion in which area of professional activity you could work;

Get acquainted with the professions of interest, talking with their representatives, using professiograms, special literature; consult with parents consult a doctor;

Match your individual characteristics with the requirements of your chosen profession;

To know the content of the profession of interest, working conditions, prospects for professional growth;

To get acquainted with possible ways of mastering the profession; visit educational institutions at the “Open Days”;

Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various ways of obtaining general education and vocational training.

PROFESSIONAL FITNESS

There are the following degrees of professional suitability:

1. Unsuitability. It can be temporary or almost irresistible. They talk about it in cases where there are deviations in the state of health that are incompatible with work. In this case, the situation is not necessarily such that a person cannot work, but such that work in this profession can worsen the condition of a person. Contraindications are not only medical, but also psychological: certain persistent personal qualities will be an obstacle to mastering a certain profession.

2. Expiration date.It is characterized by the fact that there are no contraindications, but there are no obvious indications. In other words, neither for nor against. “You can choose this profession. It is possible that you will a good worker". Approximately these words can characterize this degree of professional suitability.

3. Compliance.There are no contraindications and there are some personal qualities that meet the requirements of the profession. For example, there is a pronounced interest in certain objects of labor (technology, nature, people, art) or successful experience in this area. This does not exclude the possibility of matching other professions. “You can choose this profession. And it is very likely that you will be a good worker.”

4. Calling.This is the highest level of professional fitness. It is characterized by the fact that in all elements of its structure there are clear signs of a person's compliance with the requirements of the chosen type of labor. We are talking about the signs by which a person stands out among his peers who are in equal conditions learning and development. “It is in this and precisely in this area of work that people will need you the most.”

In order to discover your vocation, it is important to boldly “try on” yourself to the most different professions, you need to practically try your hand at different types labor.

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW WHEN CHOOSE A EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

Perhaps the profession you have chosen can be obtained in several educational institutions. In this case, the problem of choosing an educational institution arises. The right choice can be made by learning everything about these educational institutions.

When collecting information about an educational institution, you should get answers to the following questions:

What level of education allows you to get an educational institution (vocational, specialized secondary, higher)?

In what specialties and specializations is vocational training carried out?

What qualifications are awarded upon graduation?

What are the forms of education provided (full-time, evening, part-time)? Paid or free education? Payment amount?

What are the requirements for applicants (age, health status, gender, level of education)?

What is the procedure for admission to an educational institution (deadlines for submitting documents, deadlines for passing exams, benefits for applicants)?

What is the duration of the training?

Does the institution provide employment assistance to graduates?

Are there preparatory courses? When do they start working and what is the pay?

When are Open Days held at the school?

School address and full name?

(to help choosing a profession)

The value of the right choice of profession

The French thinker Saint-Simon wrote that the cause of almost all the troubles in society are "failed vocations, violence against inclinations, imposed professions and the resulting displeasure and evil passions." The foregoing is true not only in relation to the "high" intellectual, but also to ordinary professions. A mediocre politician, military leader, manager, lawyer, doctor is a real disaster. But a lot of trouble and damage from an inept plumber, telehandler, turner and baker, whose hands and head are clearly not suitable for the work performed. Botching and marriage not only economically but also morally impoverish society.

Meanwhile, according to generalized data, 20–30% of workers in various fields of activity are “in the wrong place”, as evidenced by the failure to comply with production standards, job descriptions, excessive fatigue, fraught with serious illnesses. And 70-80% of workers and specialists are not satisfied with the chosen profession for these and other reasons. The more difficult and responsible the work, the more such cases.

The problem of choosing a profession has objective origins and grounds. What are they? Between people, as well as between professions, there are persistent differences. The speed of reaction, awareness of information and decision-making in a large group of people vary significantly; about 1120 variations of temperament and character were also revealed. A certain combination of certain characteristics of a person, explicitly or implicitly, tends to specific groups of professions.

Each profession (and there are tens of thousands of them) has its own requirements for a person, its own temper, its own calculation. As they say, we choose and we are chosen.

By combining a suitable person with a profession, position corresponding to his individual characteristics, you can get a big win in increasing productivity and quality of work, reducing injuries, occupational diseases, increasing well-being, income, job satisfaction and life. These are the effects and potential of choosing the right profession.

REMINDER FOR CHOOSING A PROFESSION

Choosing a profession is a difficult and responsible step in your life.

Do not leave the choice of your future profession to chance.

Use the information of professionals.

A profession must be chosen deliberately, taking into account one's abilities, inner convictions, real opportunities, weighing all the pros and cons.

To this end:

study yourself deeper: understand your interests (what is interesting only as a hobby, and what can become a profession), inclinations, character traits and physical capabilities;
think about your strengths and weaknesses, main and secondary qualities;
get acquainted with professions that match your interests and abilities;
read specialized books and magazines;
outline a pre-elected profession or a group of related professions;
talk with representatives of the chosen professions, try to visit the workplace of these specialists, get acquainted with the nature and working conditions;
think over how, where and when you can try your hand at the chosen profession;
get acquainted with educational institutions where you can get your chosen profession;
compare personal qualities and capabilities with the nature of the profession you have chosen;
Having made a decision, do not retreat in the face of difficulties: be persistent in achieving your goals.

Principles that should guide a person choosing a profession

Consciousness principle

A person who clearly understands the following can choose the right profession:

what he wants (realizing his goals, life plans, ideals, aspirations, value orientations);
what he is (knowing his personal and physical characteristics);
what he can (who knows his inclinations, abilities, talents);
what the work and the labor collective require from him.

Conformity principle

The chosen profession must meet (correspond to) the interests, inclinations, abilities, state of human health and, at the same time, the needs of society in personnel.

Activity principle/b>

You have to actively search for a profession yourself. The following are called upon to play an important role in this:

practical test of strength in circles, sections, electives;
reading literature, visiting excursions and educational institutions in the "Days of open doors";
meetings with experts;
self-referral to a psychologist or professional consultant.

Development principle

This principle reflects the idea of the need to develop in oneself such qualities that are needed for any profession. These are mental processes (thinking, memory, attention), and the following character traits: diligence, conscientiousness, diligence, organization, diligence, independence, initiative, the ability to endure failures, endurance, perseverance.

Mistakes and difficulties in choosing a profession

1. Ignorance of the rules for choosing a profession:

choice of profession for the company;
transfer of attitude towards a person to the profession itself;
identification of the subject with the profession;
orientation to highly qualified professions;
inability to determine the path of obtaining a profession.

2. Ignorance of oneself:

ignorance or underestimation of their physical features;
ignorance or underestimation of their psychological characteristics;
inability to correlate their abilities with the requirements of the profession.

3. Ignorance of the world of professions:

passion only for the outer side of the profession;
prejudice against the prestige of the profession;
ignorance of the requirements of the profession for a person;
outdated ideas about the nature and working conditions of a particular profession.

Questions that are useful to know the answer to when planning your professional career

What skills and abilities do you enjoy the most?
What are your main interests and favorite pastime?
What are your favorite subjects?
What would you like to do every day for 8 hours a year?
What job do you dream of?
Where do you envision your job in 10 years?
What job would be ideal for you? Describe it in as much detail as possible. Imagine yourself in this job. Who do you work with, how do you spend your time?
What are your criteria for choosing a profession (mandatory and desirable)?
What are your strengths and skills that make you feel like you're the right fit for the job that you feel is ideal?
What gaps in your knowledge and skills do you need to fill in order to land the perfect job for you?
If the job that is ideal for you is currently unattainable, what kind of work could you do to move in your chosen direction?
Who can be consulted for information useful for career planning?
What are your immediate and long-term career goals? Write them down and strive to complete all the items.

Remember!

Want - aspirations of the individual (desires, interests, inclinations, ideals).

I can – personal capabilities (state of health, abilities, level of knowledge, character, temperament).

Necessary - the needs of society in personnel, and awareness of the need to expend certain efforts to achieve vital goals

Student's personal professional plan

Characteristics of the professional plan

Certainty, clarity of plan (if a person indicates a single profession and the corresponding type of educational institution).
Completeness of the plan (when all the necessary factors for choosing a profession are taken into account: the orientation of interests, inclinations, abilities, health status, level of education, etc.).
Sustainability of the plan over time (confidence in the correctness of the choice and striving for its implementation).
Realistic plan (reliance on real social and psychological possibilities for the implementation of choice).
Logical validity and internal consistency (correlation of the inclinations and abilities of a person with the requirements of the profession).
moral justification plan (if the motives of the profession relate to the content of the activity).
Consistency plan with the needs of the labor market.

Stages of forming a professional plan

When compiling a personal professional plan, you must:

determine what type of activity you are interested in; to analyze the extent to which the inclinations to work in the areas of "human-nature", "human-technology", "human-human", "human-sign system", "human-artistic image" are expressed; draw up a formula for the profession of interest;
find out what professions are required in the labor market of the city, district in which you live;
compare the data obtained and draw a conclusion in which area of professional activity you could work;
get acquainted with the professions of interest, talking with their representatives, using professiograms, special literature; consult with parents consult a doctor;
correlate their individual characteristics with the requirements of the chosen profession;
find out the content of the profession of interest, working conditions, prospects for professional growth;
get acquainted with possible ways of mastering the profession; visit educational institutions at the “Open Days”;
analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various ways of obtaining general education and vocational training.

Professional suitability

There are the following degrees of professional suitability.

1. Unsuitability. It can be temporary or almost irresistible. They talk about it in cases where there are deviations in the state of health that are incompatible with work. At the same time, this does not mean that a person cannot work - work in this profession can worsen a person’s condition. Contraindications are not only medical, but also psychological: certain persistent personal qualities will be an obstacle to mastering a certain profession.

2. Expiration date. It is characterized by the fact that there are no contraindications, but there are no obvious indications. In other words, neither for nor against. “You can choose this profession. It is possible that you will become a good worker.” Approximately these words can characterize this degree of professional suitability.

3. compliance. There are no contraindications and there are some personal qualities that meet the requirements of the profession. For example, there is a pronounced interest in certain objects of labor (technology, nature, people, art) or successful experience in this area. This does not exclude the possibility of matching other professions. “You can choose this profession. And it is very likely that you will be a good worker.”

4. Calling. This is the highest level of professional fitness. It is characterized by the fact that in all elements of its structure there are clear signs of a person's compliance with the requirements of the chosen type of labor. We are talking about the signs by which a person stands out among his peers, who are in equal conditions of learning and development. “It is in this area of work that people will need you the most.”

In order to discover a vocation in oneself, it is important to boldly “try on” oneself for a variety of professions, it is necessary to practically try one's hand in different types of work.

What you need to know when choosing an educational institution

When collecting information about an educational institution, you should get answers to the following questions.

What level of education allows you to get an educational institution (vocational, specialized secondary, higher)?
In what specialties and specializations is vocational training carried out?
What qualifications are awarded upon graduation?
What are the forms of education provided (full-time, evening, part-time)? Paid or free education? What is the payment amount?
What are the requirements for applicants (age, health status, gender, level of education)?
What is the procedure for admission to an educational institution (deadlines for submitting documents, deadlines for passing exams, benefits for applicants)?
What is the duration of the training?
Does the institution provide employment assistance to graduates?
Are there preparatory courses? When do they start working and what is their cost?
When are Open Days held at the school?
Where is the school located and what is its full name?

Professional life of a person

Profession(Latin professio - officially indicated occupation, specialty, from profiteer - I declare my business), the type of work (occupation) of a person who owns a complex of special theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired as a result of special training, work experience. Professional activity is usually the main source of income. The name of the profession is determined by the nature and content of the work or service functions, the tools or objects of labor used. With the development of the productive forces of society, the use of more advanced tools and production technology, the emergence of new types of production and branches of science, the division of labor deepens. In this regard, within the framework of the profession, established on the basis of production, - a metallurgist, a miner, a builder, etc. - specialized professions are distinguished: mining blast furnace, miner, concrete worker, etc. With scientific and technical. Progress is associated with the process of the withering away of some professions and the emergence of new ones. For example, with the advent earthmoving machines the profession of a digger is abolished and a new one is spreading - an excavator driver; with the use of cutters and combines in coal mines, the professions of cutter, cutter, and heaper were eliminated.

Not a single choice in our life is made absolutely independently, independently of anyone. We live in a society, not in an isolated space. When making any decision, we consult with someone, remember the experience of our loved ones, acquaintances, their behavior in a similar situation, analyze our capabilities, the circumstances that are developing in our lives. Choosing a profession is no exception. It is also affected by many factors, which are shown in Fig. 9.

Rice. 9.

· “I want” is a factor that shows what a person wants, his claims;

“I can” is a factor of human capabilities, which reflects the actions and processes that are within the power to perform this person;

· “necessary” - a factor showing what a person needs to carry out this particular task.

The main task of the chooser in this case is to carefully analyze all these factors and make a competent, independent decision.

An integral part of a person's professional life is professional self-determination. The beginning of this process is the formation of professional intentions, which ends with a conscious, desired, and sometimes forced choice of profession. This period of personality formation is called option. The peculiarity of the social situation of development lies in the fact that boys and girls are at the final stage of childhood - before the start of independent life. The leading activity is educational and professional. Within its framework, cognitive and professional interests life plans are formed. The professional activity of the individual is aimed at finding his place in the world of professions and is clearly manifested in the decision on the choice of profession.

The next stage of formation begins with admission to a professional educational institution (vocational school, technical school, university). The social situation is characterized by a new social role of the individual (student, student), new relationships in the team, greater social independence, political and civil maturity. The leading activity is professional and cognitive, focused on obtaining a specific profession. The duration of the vocational training stage depends on the type of educational institution, and in the case of entering a job immediately after graduation, its duration can be significantly reduced (up to one or two months).

After graduating from an educational institution, the stage of professional adaptation begins. The social situation is changing radically: a new system of relations in a production team of different ages, a different social role, new socio-economic conditions and professional relations. The leading activity becomes professional. However, the level of its implementation, as a rule, is of a normative and reproductive nature. The professional activity of the individual at this stage increases dramatically. It is aimed at social and professional adaptation - mastering the system of relationships in the team, a new social role, acquiring professional experience and independent performance of professional work.

As the person masters the profession, he is more and more “immersed” in the professional environment. The implementation of activities is carried out in a relatively sustainable and optimal way for employees. Stabilization of professional activity leads to the formation new system relationship of the individual to the environment and to himself. These changes lead to the formation of a new social situation, and the professional activity itself is characterized by individual personality-conforming technologies of implementation. The stage of primary professionalization begins. Further advanced training, individualization of technologies for performing activities, development of one's own professional position, high quality and labor productivity lead to the transition of the individual to the second level of professionalization. At this stage, professional activity gradually stabilizes, the level of its manifestation is individualized and depends on the individual psychological characteristics of the individual. But in general, each employee has his own stable and optimal level of professional activity. And only a part of employees with creative potentials, a developed need for self-fulfillment and self-realization, goes to the next stage - professional excellence. It is characterized by a high creative and social activity of the individual, a productive level of professional activity. The transition to the stage of mastery changes the social situation, radically changes the nature of the performance of professional activities, dramatically increases the level of professional activity of the individual. Professional activity is manifested in the search for new, more effective ways performing activities, changing established relationships with the team, trying to overcome, break the traditional methods of management, in dissatisfaction with oneself, striving to go beyond oneself. Thus, in the holistic process of the professional development of the personality, the following stages are distinguished, presented in Table. one:

Table 1 Stages of professional development

Stage name	Description
	Formation of professional intentions, professional self-determination, conscious choice of profession based on individual psychological characteristics.
Professional training	Formation of a professional orientation and a system of socially and professionally oriented knowledge, skills, gaining experience in solving typical professional problems.
Professional adaptation	Entry into the profession, mastering a new social role, mastering new technologies of the profession, gaining experience in independently performing professional activities.
Primary and secondary professionalization	Formation of a professional mentality, integration of socially and professionally important qualities and skills into relatively stable professionally significant constellations, highly qualified performance of professional activities.
professional excellence	Full realization, self-realization of the personality in creative professional activity on the basis of relatively mobile integrative psychological neoplasms, creative design of one's career, achievement of the heights ("acme") of professional development.

Human life - spiritual and physical - its value, wealth and safety is more associated with a successful "life" in the profession.

Profession- (from the Latin "profiteer" - I declare it my business) a type of labor activity that requires special training and is usually a source of livelihood.

Zeer E.F. defines the profession as "a socially valuable area of application of the physical and spiritual forces of a person, allowing him to receive in return for the labor expended the necessary means for existence and development"

Profession as an occupation of a person, normatively regulated by social ones; legal and technical rules of performance, is implemented in labor activity and exists regardless of the desire of the performer.

The profession as an objective reality "comes to life" only in the professional activity performed by a person; at the same time, while mastering a profession, a person recognizes himself, his capabilities and professional reality as a social and vital necessity, realizes his social role and responsibility.

Thus, a person and a profession are two interrelated phenomena, the normal interaction of which is positive both for society and for the person himself as an individual and a professional.

Professional self-determination, being one of the types of personality self-determination, is a selective attitude of an individual to the world of professions in general and to a particular chosen profession, the core of which is a conscious choice of a profession, taking into account their characteristics and capabilities, the requirements of professional activity and socio-economic conditions.

For everybody thinking person professional activity is whole life what he aspires to, what he dreams of; what he studies, cognizes, masters, realizes and transforms. Professional activity absorbs most of a person's life and is its original source. It is in this activity that a person begins to know himself.

The value of professional activity also lies in the fact that it is in demand by society and a person can realize himself as his significant "organism". And at the same time, it can contribute not only to the development of man, but also to his destruction. The path to professional activity is a multi-stage and complex path, accompanied by crises in the professional development of a person as a person. A positive socially oriented movement along this path requires a person to reasonably activate all his forces (spiritual, mental and physical), both given by nature and inherent in him as a member of society.

The role of the profession in a person's life can be easily assessed as one of the most important. The profession of each person deforms his soul and body in his image and likeness. The nature of a person's profession largely determines the nature of his ideology, his spiritual baggage, his ethics, his likes and dislikes, tastes and habits, and the whole worldview. Moreover, a profession can become the main content of a person's life. So many people around us dedicate their whole lives to a profession, driving progress or helping people. Truly, each person is stamped and polished by his profession, while remaining a unique unit of human society.

The basis of professional suitability is professionally important personality traits, which are formed in the course of long-term labor activity of the employee. The inclinations, the potential to carry out one or another specific activity, due to the individual psychological properties of the personality, are inherent in a person from the very beginning. Simultaneously with the formation of professionally important qualities, the professional thinking of a person develops, his professional type with the corresponding value orientations, character, individual characteristics of professional behavior and lifestyle in general.

Professionally important qualities include individual mental and personal qualities subject, which are necessary and sufficient for the implementation of a particular productive activity. In addition to the actual mental properties (individual psychological characteristics), certain functions of professionally important qualities can also be performed by some extra-psychic properties of the subject - somatic, constitutional, typological, neurodynamic, etc. For example, physical strength and endurance are an example of pronounced professionally important qualities (PVC) for many activities.

Helps to identify professionally important personality traits psychological tests.

According to A.V. Karpov, professionally important qualities (PVK) are divided into 4 main groups, which together form the structure of professional suitability:

Absolute PVK - the properties necessary to perform the activity as such at the minimum allowable or normatively specified, average level;

Relative ETC, which determine the possibility for the subject to achieve high (“above norm”) quantitative and qualitative performance indicators (“EQ of mastery”);

Motivational readiness for the implementation of a particular activity. It has been proven that high motivation can significantly compensate for the insufficient level of development of many other STCs (but not vice versa);

Anti-PVC: properties that are contrary to one or another type of professional activity. The structure of professional suitability implies a minimum level of their development or even the absence. In contrast to the qualities of the first three groups, they correlate with activity parameters significantly, but negatively.

Psychologists have established that any activity is carried out on the basis of the PVK system, which is a set of peculiar symptom complexes of subjective properties specific to a particular professional activity. Symptom complexes are formed in the subject in the course of mastering the relevant activity and contain specific subsystems of the STC that ensure the fulfillment of each next stage of professional activity (formation of the "motive-goal" vector, activity planning, processing of current information, conceptual model, decision-making, actions, verification results, correction of actions).

In all types of activity, it is customary to distinguish between those individual qualities that are actually responsible for its performance, and those that are necessary for the perception and reception of professionally significant information. Therefore, it is customary to talk about the performance and information PVCs.

So, we can give the following definition of PVK. Professionally important qualities (PVK) are the individual properties of the subject of activity, which are necessary and sufficient for the implementation of this activity at a normatively specified level.