A large number of people who ride the subway, trains, trains, never thought about who controls the mechanism. After all, the safety of passengers depends on the driver. After various accidents, many asked the question: will the person who managed the train return to work? In most cases, the drivers return to their duties. Psychologists help them with this. Many enterprises in this area are initially engaged in testing those who are going to become a machinist. Some people can't do it.
It can be noted that, for example, there are practically no female drivers in the subway. After all, this is really not an easy job. Psychologists note that out of approximately 100 people who arrive at the personnel departments, only one becomes a machinist. 50% decreases immediately for "family" reasons. The reason is that not everyone is happy with night shifts and weekend work. The second point is the inconsistency of health with the profession. For example, the load on the driver's vision is huge.
Another sifting factor is deductions for academic failure. The profession of a machinist does not require higher education, but fundamental knowledge and an excellent memory are needed there. Some still do not pass the test of a psychologist.
How to become a train driver
A train driver is also called a locomotive driver. A job for someone who likes to travel and wants to travel around the country. For those who have the opportunity to be away from home for several days or weeks. Also, the profession of a train driver has the following advantages: a decent salary and a good pension.
Requirements for a train driver:
- Age - from 18 years old;
- Test for the presence of drugs in the blood;
- The ability to be in a state of loneliness for a long period of time and in emergency situations.
Machinist - training
The train driver must undergo training, which consists of a theoretical and practical part. The duration of training can be several weeks or months. Many machinists are trained at railroad companies, but there are also those who study at colleges, after they graduate they receive an associate's degree in transportation. Better to get started First level, for example, the degree of a worker, brake operator or conductor, so that there is experience and additional skills. A driver who will drive suburban trains would benefit greatly from the experience of driving a bus.
After completing the training, you need to pass exams and if successful, then a license is issued. After that, you can start earning experience. Periodically, it is necessary to undergo additional certification to prove the relevance of the license.
How to become a subway driver
Getting a job as a subway driver is quite difficult, as the competition for a place is very high. This is due to the fact that this position has a solid social package, namely: wage, social guarantees, 45 days paid vacation and free higher education. For the position of a subway driver, they take, basically, only men. All because of the high complexity of the profession, and you also need to be constantly attentive.
How to become a driver's assistant
After entering a job, it is necessary to study for the specialty of an assistant driver in a special training center. The training, which lasts several months on weekdays, will include the structure of the composition, the functions of levers and buttons, duties, skills to provide first medical care. After graduation, you need to pass exams. After that, you will have to work as an assistant driver and then pass another exam. After that, they will be allowed to train the driver. It will be necessary to pass two exams after graduation: knowledge of the track and “emergency games”. After training, you need to travel with an experienced driver who will insure. Then there will be a knowledge test for admission to control the mechanism on your own.
We can draw the following conclusion - it takes about a year to acquire the profession of a machinist. And in order to establish itself in place, it takes three years.
Initially, the driver does not have any class. Only after working for a year can he pass the exam for the third class, after two years of work in the profession for the second, and after three for the first. With an increase in class, there is an increase in salary by 10%.
Perhaps you will be interested.
train driver- a railway operator operating passenger and freight trains, electric trains of various messages and destinations. The driver drives the train by driving the locomotive. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in physics and labor and economy (see the choice of profession for interest in school subjects).
Features of the profession
Trains differ in the type of locomotive (diesel locomotive / electric locomotive), as well as in range and purpose of routes. For example, long-distance trains can carry goods and passengers for thousands of kilometers, while commuter trains do not leave the region and make several trips a day. There are railways and trains on major industrial enterprises(factories, mines, mines) - the routes of such trains are even shorter.
And each type of train requires special training from the driver.
The driver must drive the train exactly on schedule, observing traffic rules, semaphore signals, etc. The route of the train is practically unchanged. However, the situation on the road is constantly changing. It may depend on the weather, on the workload of the train, on other road users. For example, a truck stuck on the tracks requires an immediate response.
Moving at great speed is often associated with unexpected events. Road conditions, road signs, instrument readings in the cab - all this requires constant intense attention. Therefore, a long-distance driver always works with an assistant (an assistant driver, who can also become a driver over time). On steam locomotives, the brigade includes a stoker - he ensures the operation of the locomotive by throwing fuel. However, steam locomotives are a rarity these days. In some cases (for example, in the subway), the driver works alone.
Long-distance train routes are divided into sections. And the driver is usually an expert on one of the sections of the track. At one of the stations, one brigade of the locomotive is replaced by another and the train moves on. The old crew rests at the inn and takes their place again when it's time to drive the train back.
Drivers of local lines or the subway also need a good rest. For example, in the subway, drivers have special rest rooms where they can sleep after the shift and before the start of a new day, if, according to the duty schedule, the driver has to take the train to the line in the morning.
Workplace
Railways, subways, large factories, mines, etc. enterprises using railways for internal movement of goods.
Salary
Salary as of 09/16/2019
Russia 27000—100000 ₽
Moscow 160000—65000 ₽
Important qualities
Self-confidence, high sense of responsibility, quick reaction, ability to concentrate, good vision (including color vision), acute hearing. Diseases of the heart, blood vessels, central nervous system, bronchial asthma, disorders of the vestibular apparatus, problems of the musculoskeletal system that restrict movement are contraindicated in such work.
Knowledge and skills
It is necessary to be able to drive a locomotive, carry out small plumbing work, and use radio communications. Know the device of the locomotive, the rules of movement on railway.
Where to study as a train driver (education)
Initial Vocational Education (VET)
In one of the railway colleges you can get professions:
- "Assistant locomotive driver";
- "Assistant locomotive driver";
- "Assistant locomotive driver"
Secondary vocational education (SVE)
In colleges and technical schools, you can get the specialty "Technical operation of the rolling stock of railways." Qualification "Technician".
On-the-job training
To work in the metro, you can get a job at a depot (on the metro line) and there you can train as a driver. First, locksmith practice is carried out, then the future driver studies the equipment of the electric train and learns to operate the train. In the Moscow metro, simulators are used to speed up the process.
The profession of a driver is associated with the management of passenger and freight transport on the various types railways. Such an employee operates a locomotive to which a steam locomotive, diesel locomotive or electric locomotive is attached. Against the background of the expansion of ground and underground transport network demand for electric train drivers began to grow rapidly. There are several ways to get a position of interest. Each approach has its pros and cons. Before starting a career, applicants should evaluate their own capabilities. Train drivers are hardy, healthy, strong people with a well-developed technical mind. Work in the direction will not be for everyone.
In Russia, the profession of "train driver" originated almost 200 years ago. Even then, special requirements were imposed on its representatives. To control the locomotive, one had to have highly specialized knowledge, high speed reaction, responsibility, resistance to stress.
Technological progress has led to the emergence of different types of trains, working on each of them implies the presence of certain skills.
Also, the locomotive driver must get used to the specifics of the workflow:
- Compliance with the schedule is one of the basic requirements for an employee. In some areas, a deviation from the schedule for a few seconds can lead to serious problems;
- quick response to non-standard situations. Trains run on rails, drivers regularly go along the same routes, but they cannot relax. It is necessary to monitor compliance with road rules, technical indicators, semaphore signals, and obstacles on the tracks. Everything is complicated by the fact that the trains go at great speeds, sometimes the time to make a decision is calculated in seconds;
- a clear understanding of the characteristics of your site. To improve work efficiency, drivers are usually assigned a certain route or section of the road. The slightest hitch of the train driver threatens to disrupt the schedule, creating an emergency;
- the ability to quickly recover, to properly distribute their forces. Being in a closed cabin for several hours is associated with significant physical and psycho-emotional stress. The allotted breaks should be used to the maximum so that the quality of work does not decrease;
- concern for health. Before leaving for the shift, the employee undergoes a basic medical examination. They measure his pulse, blood pressure, temperature, check for the absence of alcohol in the blood. In addition, every few months, the employee undergoes a full examination to confirm professional suitability.
An electric locomotive driver is the main person who is responsible for the transported passengers or cargo. Depending on the direction, they daily and repeatedly drive their train along a short route or cover hundreds of kilometers at a time. At the same time, the operation of each type of composition needs control, which requires special technical training.
Pros and cons of the direction
Demand and availability are the main positive aspects of this career option. Every year the number of specialized vacancies increases. Even young professionals with no work experience can count on a good job. A variety of training options is also considered a significant plus.
Many in the direction are attracted by how much machinists earn. Employees can expect a high base salary, impressive seniority bonuses and trouble-free service. Train drivers have the opportunity to retire earlier due to the difficult conditions. Depending on the conditions provided by the employer, the social package may include extended medical insurance, paid trips to a sanatorium.
A significant disadvantage of the profession is a significant burden on health. The worker expects many hours of work. At the same time, the employee is almost always in one position and does not even have the opportunity to warm up. This negatively affects the general condition of a person. Modern lineups are maxed out in terms of specifications, but the risk of developing "vibration disease" still remains.
Many strains the need to constantly be in a confined space. The lack of communication among machinists working alone sometimes has a negative effect on the psyche. This career is not suitable for a person who does not get along well with technology - an employee must be able to cope with minor problems, evaluate the quality of the devices.
Workplace
The holder of a specialized education can get a position as an electric train driver in the subway, on short-distance and long-distance railways. Such employees are in demand at large industrial enterprises, mines, large construction sites, and geological exploration sites. The trams are also operated by specialty drivers.
Important qualities
Passing profile training as an electric train driver is not always enough for successful work in the direction. A number of requirements are put forward for applicants in physical and psycho-emotional terms. The absence of certain character traits can complicate the work process, increase the level of its danger.
To work as a locomotive driver by profession, you must have the following qualities:
- the ability to concentrate on important points and hold it for a long time;
- high speed of response to changing conditions, emergencies, deviations from the usual norm;
- self-confidence, lack of fear before making decisions;
- developed sense of responsibility;
- technical mindset, love for technology, the desire for self-development in terms of studying devices.
Special requirements are put forward to the health indicators of the future driver. The employee must be free of vision and hearing problems. Color blindness is a direct ban on such work. Applicants with bronchial asthma, diseases of the heart and blood vessels, problems with the vestibular apparatus or the musculoskeletal system. Persons with mental disabilities are not allowed to responsible service.
Knowledge and skills
Contrary to popular belief, working in a train locomotive is a complex process that requires constant voltage. Even the owners technical professions it is necessary to study as a driver, to get the first practical experience under the supervision of a professional.
Electric train drivers must have the following knowledge:
- locomotive control in a standard situation;
- response to emergency situations according to the instructions or the specifics of the situation;
- carrying out basic engineering and plumbing work, troubleshooting simple problems;
- possession of the rules of conduct on the railway, compliance with traffic rules;
- understanding of the principles of radio communication, the ability to use it;
- the ability to communicate with passengers in non-standard situations, the ability to control the actions of the crowd.
Studying at a specialized institution allows you to get only a basic understanding of the specifics of the direction. The bulk of skills and abilities are accumulated in the process practical work. Seminars are regularly held for machinists, which give them new knowledge and consolidate the old ones. Additional independent studies in the profile provide an opportunity for further career growth.
Where to study as an electric train driver
For those who wish to study as a driver, they can begin at the age of 8. Children who are interested in this direction should visit the children's railway. Such branches are open in many Russian cities. Kids get the opportunity to manage a real composition, acquire basic technical and engineering knowledge, and evaluate their innate talents. Occupations of the machinist train various institutions, which can be entered after the 9th grade. Applicants should prepare for the fact that in any case, the emphasis will be on exact disciplines.
How much to study as a driver
It can take from six months to five years to become a train driver. The indicator depends on the goals and form of education, the level of basic education, and the chosen path of development. In any case, for some time after receiving a diploma, you will have to work as an assistant driver from several months to 2 years. This is followed by special testing, which allows you to determine whether the employee is ready to independently manage the composition.
Initial vocational education
After the 9th grade, you can enter a railway college and get the profession of an assistant driver of a locomotive, diesel locomotive, electric locomotive. It will help you start a career in your chosen field, but in order to advance in career ladder will have to study further. The salary of an assistant driver of an electric train is not so high, while the workload is significant. But such a place allows you to learn all the subtleties of the direction in practice, to choose your specialization. Another plus of this approach is that further you can already learn to be a train driver according to a simplified scheme.
Secondary vocational education
After the 9th or 11th grade, you can enter a technical school or college, choosing the direction "Technical operation of rolling stock". This approach will take more time, at the exit the student receives the qualification "Technician". Already in the last courses or as additional education students are taught to become train drivers, engineers, locksmiths, wagon builders, and in other areas. Further, if desired, you can get a higher technical education for vertical career development.
On-the-job training
Many representatives of today's youth and adults without specialized education are interested in how to quickly become a train driver with a further guarantee of employment. In this case, it is best to contact the depot directly in the direction of interest. The railroads and subways themselves often recruit apprentices who are offered highly specialized training in operating a particular type of train. The study includes theoretical and practical classes in plumbing, locomotive equipment, traffic rules and other disciplines. To facilitate the process of assimilation of the material, simulators are often used.
How much does a machinist earn
According to statistics, the level of salaries of machinists is above average. Assistants receive an average of 20 to 30 thousand rubles. After the transition to independent work, the salary of employees is from 40 to 60 thousand rubles. The salary of a train driver who has passed a certain number of flights without emergency situations can be in the range of 100 thousand rubles. Many employers provide additional bonuses for the quarter, year, length of service.
Quite often, the salary of subway drivers is paid already in the process of training. Such a "scholarship" on average ranges from 17 to 25 thousand rubles. At private industrial or mining enterprises, the income level can reach 150 thousand rubles per month. Also, the salary of an electric locomotive driver can be influenced by the type of employment, place of work, availability additional responsibilities. The list of the latter often includes the training of new employees.
Contrary to popular belief, an electric train driver is no longer a purely male profession. Today, more and more universities, technical schools and colleges accept girls who are well versed in technical disciplines. Every year the work of locomotives and trains is improved, the range of electronics application is expanding. Now the workers are valued not so much physical strength as endurance, reaction speed, knowledge of the basics of engineering.
At the railway technical school, which you can enter after graduating from 9 classes secondary school. The list of disciplines taught to future machinists is very extensive. To control a train, knowledge of its technical characteristics, railway traffic rules, safety precautions, etc. will be required, for example, on-board computers have appeared in modern trains, and knowledge of the principles of their operation will also be required. The computer sets the movement parameters, calculates the movement routes, and moves the locomotive from its place.
Features of the profession
The peculiarities of the profession include knowledge of various types of locomotives, because it is impossible to predict exactly where a graduate of a technical school will have to work and what train to manage. Locomotives are divided into diesel locomotive and electric locomotive, as well as the range of the route. In addition, there are passenger and freight trains, depending on whether they carry people or goods.
Physically strong young men with a stable psyche can go to study as a driver, because the situation on the road is unpredictable. Various accidents are not uncommon, because the driver always goes on a flight only with. By the way, a graduate of a technical school will never immediately be appointed a machinist - at first only an assistant in order to get the necessary train practice. An assistant driver will have to work for at least two years, and then pass an exam. Such difficulties are due to the fact that the train driver is trusted with the lives of hundreds of people, therefore his level must be professional, and his qualifications are high. It is possible to train as a subway driver directly at the depot at the subway line - it will be enough to complete the courses and pass the exam.
Only a long-distance driver always works with an assistant; an electric train driver alone is able to cope with the transportation of passengers. Long-distance routes are divided into certain sections. Each driver is a connoisseur only of his section, that is, in the course of the train, new locomotives are connected to him several times, which are controlled by different drivers.
At railway stations there are rest rooms for drivers, because the work of people in this profession is physically costly and difficult.
The profession of a machinist today is in demand, highly paid and will remain so for a long time. The driver can find applications for his knowledge on the railway, subway, mines and large factories with internal rail links.
To drive a train, you need to choose a career either on the railway or in the subway. As a rule, this is a male job that requires special education. You can start driving a train both in your youth and in more mature years.
You will need
- - excellent health;
- - skills of work as a locksmith;
- - secondary education;
- - identification documents.
Instruction
Enter the railway school as an assistant. If you fit the age, the training will be free. During it, you will have to practice as a mechanic in order to know how a diesel locomotive and an electric locomotive work. Such skills in the work of the driver are necessary. It is necessary to study with incomplete secondary education for 3.5 years, and after the eleventh grade - 1.5 years. At the end of the training there will be train practice. Pass exams and defend your thesis.
Pass the medical examination. This is one of the most difficult stages: the driver needs a truly iron health. Driving trains is hard work, you have to work day and night. There are strict restrictions on weight, cardiovascular diseases, neurology, etc. As a rule, those who served in are taken to work. But there are not enough of them, so other candidates may be considered.
Work as a double. After a certain number of routes, you will be asked to take exams at the depot itself. After that, you will begin the experience of an assistant driver. After a few months of such work, if everything is fine, you will be promoted to the driver.
Contact the personnel department of the depot if the school is long overdue and you want to drive the train. Bring basic documents with you: passport, TIN, certificate of pension insurance, work book, military ID. If the depot needs employees, you will be asked to undergo a medical examination.
When the health meets the requirements, the applicant is sent to a dorm school. There, for two months you will study as an assistant driver and at the same time work as an understudy on a diesel locomotive or electric locomotive. After completing the training, you will become a full-fledged employee of the railway. And in a year, if there are no complaints about your work, you will receive a driver's license of the 4th class.
Complete a similar training as an assistant electric train driver for work in the subway. You should contact any depot of this organization. You will have to undergo a comprehensive psychological examination, the strictest medical examination, and an interview with the future management. You will be offered to purchase a locksmith category, and then sent to a training and production center. A few months of training will end with an internship in the status of an assistant. To become a full-fledged machinist, you will have to study and train again with a more experienced partner.
Sources:
- Electric train driver - only forward
One of the most demanded vacancies in the field of transport is a driver, in particular, an electric train driver. But for the development of this specialty, special training is required, which can be completed in one of the secondary educational institutions.
You will need
- - certificate of secondary education;
- - certificate of passing the exam or GIA;
- - medical certificate;
- - Photo.
Instruction
Enroll in a secondary specialized educational institution (college) with a degree in college or technical school of railway transport. Such educational establishments is in many cities. For admission, you must have a general or complete secondary education. In the first case, the training period will be 4, and in the second - 3 years.
Have you decided to train as an assistant driver or as a driver in the future? Then this article is for you. Here is given comprehensive information about who is taken into this area, what types of rolling stock are available.
We will analyze the main points regarding the profession of "assistant driver":
- education;
- professional selection;
- medical board;
- types of locomotives;
- field of activity;
- responsibilities;
- errors;
- average salary;
- schedule.
Let's stop at each point and consider everything in detail. But still, let's better start with what kind of profession it is and whether they will take you.
Medical Board
Why did we suddenly decide to start with her? And because it will be so: first you will be sent to the clinic for its passage. Below we give the most common diseases, due to which, unfortunately, they do not take on as assistant drivers. Ten years ago, I studied at the railway college. Today the education system is completely different. But even then, before the young man gave up he passed medical commission. At present, in almost any depot, a newly hired future assistant driver is first sent to the clinic. So, which doctors are the main ones? Let's list:
- therapist;
- ophthalmologist;
- cardiologist;
- neurologist;
- surgeon.
Not all specialists are listed. In addition, you will be sent to the district clinic for a card, to a neuropsychiatric and narcological dispensary. It is very important that you are not registered there.
The therapist listens to you, asks if there are any complaints about anything. Next, your blood pressure will be measured. It should be normal. Do not take any drugs to feign good condition. Remember that accidents to transport workers happen for this very reason: silence about illness.
At the lore you have to check your hearing, nose, throat, mouth. Slightly reduced hearing in one ear is already a reason to write in the conclusion: "Not fit." Therefore, if you have problems in this area, or at least regular ringing in your ears, you will not be allowed to become an assistant driver.
Your vision must be 100%. There should be no deviations in color perception. The optometrist examines your eyes very carefully. If you wear contact lenses or have had laser correction, you will not be able to hide it. In any case, you will not pass the medical examination.
The cardiologist should see only ideal cardiometry on the ECG without any deviations.
The surgeon examines you to make sure that all your limbs are intact and that there are no abnormalities in your posture. Movement coordination is also important.
professional selection
Congratulations if you passed the medical board! Do you think you can now count on future position driver's assistant? You will not study tomorrow, believe me. You still need to pass the selection process. If you have successfully passed all the doctors, then the psychologist, unfortunately, can lose.
You will be seated at the monitor, you must be able to find the dot that has just appeared on the screen with dexterity. If you have an excellent reaction and increased attention, then you will succeed, it is important not to be distracted.
You may also need to take other types of testing. It all depends on the enterprise: metro or Russian Railways. And also the type of locomotive plays a big role.
Field of activity
Choose in advance where you want to work: in the subway or on the railway. Although it is planned to soon completely abandon the work of two persons in the Moscow metro, that is, an assistant driver is not needed. Training is currently being conducted with a bias that you will then work only as a machinist. In other subways, it is possible that they are working in two people, but not everywhere.
On the railroad, by contrast, both are required. The assistant driver of an electric train of Russian Railways is trained at the training and production center and directly from the driver to whom he is assigned.
Types of locomotives, electric trains and learning features
In the subway there are electric trains, locomotives and railcars (utility trains). Whom to study for, you choose. You need to contact the electric depot, which is closest to your home.
There are more types of locomotives on Russian Railways:
- motor-car rolling stock (commuter trains);
- electric locomotive (passenger or freight);
- diesel locomotive (passenger, freight, main/shunting);
- economic trains and recovery equipment.
Almost all (except shunting) work is carried out in two persons.
electric train
The train driver assistant training takes about 3-4 months. During this time, he must learn all the basics regarding duties, the structure of cars, learn about possible malfunctions and how to define them.
electric locomotive
Do not want to work on electric trains, are you more attracted to an electric locomotive? Then you need to go not to the multiple unit (locomotive) depot, but to the electric depot. Training an assistant locomotive driver is much easier. It is worth noting that many railway universities and technical schools send students (volunteers) to work for Russian Railways for summer practice. Time will be spent only on passing the medical examination. Then, if you pass it (and the psychologist too), they put you understudy. That is, there will be three of you in the cab: the driver, the assistant driver and you. Your task is to observe, ask questions on the topic, learn. If you successfully pass the exam / test to the instructor, then you are allowed to work.
Locomotive
Approximately the same training system on a diesel locomotive. But I want to warn you that working on this type of locomotive is much more harmful, since diesel fuel is emitted into the atmosphere. Many diesel locomotives who have worked for ten years suffer from diseases of the lungs and upper respiratory tract. The assistant driver of a diesel locomotive is trained in the same way as an electric locomotive.
Duties and Mistakes
It doesn’t matter which type of locomotive you choose, metro or Russian Railways, you must learn the three most important books:
You can be asked any question from these books. Therefore, on the very first day of work, purchase them and start reading and studying. In principle, training for an assistant driver (RZD) comes down to three tasks:
- cherished books: PTE, ISI, IDP;
- basics for the device and repair of the locomotive (including coupler and uncoupler);
- attentiveness.
Your task during the movement of the train is to monitor the free path, traffic lights, speed. You must control the actions of the driver, including checking whether he exceeds the speed limit where it is not necessary to do so. In emergency situations, the assistant must break the stop crane if the driver does not take any action.
Mistakes of assistant machinists: Russian "maybe" and "nothing will happen." Unfortunately, due to the distraction of locomotive crews, major accidents happen on Russian Railways. Quite often the turnouts on duty mistakenly translate arrows not on the route. The task of the assistant is to keep track of how the arrow is located.
Salary and work schedule
The average salary of an assistant driver at Russian Railways is about 20,000 rubles. Everything will depend on the region, work experience. On the Moscow road, the payment is much higher.
As for the schedule, the main machinists and assistants do not have a stable one. They are given a regulated inter-shift break (from 16 hours), as well as a monthly norm of hours. When they next call locomotive brigade may not know. Therefore, if you are a free person in every sense, then feel free to choose this profession. In conclusion, it is worth recalling: the assistant train driver of the Russian Railways is trained at the training center, while he receives a scholarship.
So we have studied the profession of an assistant driver, considered all the nuances. And you just have to answer your own questions: do I have good health and do I have a desire?