2.2. Audit organizations have the right to exercise in in due course audit activity. They may not engage in any business activity other than auditing and related services.
2.3. Auditing organizations before signing an agreement for the provision of audit services have the right to familiarize themselves with the documents financial statements audited economic entities, as well as to obtain clarifications from officials on emerging issues in order to assess the reliability of systems accounting and internal control of economic entities and determining the audit risk for making a decision on the conclusion of the contract.
2.4. Audit organizations have the right to request from the audited economic entity audit reports of other audit organizations based on the results of the audit for any audited reporting period both the economic entity itself and its structural divisions.
2.5. Auditing organizations have the right to engage on a contractual basis to participate in the audit audit auditors working independently, auditors working as staff members other audit organizations, as well as other necessary specialists(experts). The procedure for involving these persons to participate in the audit is provided for by legislative and other regulatory acts, including the rules (standards) of auditing.
2.6. Audit organizations have the right to independently determine the forms and methods of conducting an audit based on the requirements of legislative and regulatory acts Russian Federation, rules (standards) of audit activity, as well as specific terms of the contract with economic entities. Such forms, techniques and methods of conducting an audit, as a rule, include the following:
a) forms and methods of audit planning;
b) methods for establishing baselines for determining the level of materiality and indicators of the sample;
c) forms and methods of conducting audit procedures;
d) methods for collecting and analyzing audit evidence;
e) the procedure for interaction with the audited economic entities upon receipt from the latter of documentation on financial - economic activity;
f) the procedure for documenting the audit and further archiving of working documentation;
g) obtaining clarifications on questions that have arisen and additional information;
h) organization of internal audit quality control;
i) the procedure and conditions for attracting other audit organizations and other specialists to participate in the audit;
j) other forms and methods of conducting an audit at the discretion of audit organizations.
2.7. Auditing organizations have the right, when conducting an audit, to check in full the documentation related to their financial and economic activities, as well as the actual availability of any property included in this documentation. Failure to provide or any restriction of access to information on the part of the audited economic entity can be considered as limiting the scope of the audit. Audit organizations have the right to refuse to conduct an audit if the audited economic entities fail to provide all the necessary information.
2.8. Audit organizations have the right to demand from the state bodies, on behalf of which an audit is carried out, to create appropriate conditions for its conduct, and, if necessary, also to ensure the personal safety of auditors and members of their families.
2.9. Audit organizations have the right to receive oral and written explanations from responsible employees of the audited economic entities on issues that have arisen during the audit.
2.10. Audit organizations have the right to receive, upon a written request agreed with the audited economic entities, information from third parties necessary for drawing up an audit report.
2.11. When checking the transactions of economic entities with related parties audit organizations have the right to receive from persons acting as related parties information sufficient to form audit evidence as to whether significant transactions of this kind are correctly reflected and disclosed in the accounting and financial statements of the audited economic entities. The actions of audit organizations in these cases are regulated by the rule (standard) of audit activity "Accounting for transactions with related parties during the audit".
2.12. Auditing organizations have the right to request from audited economic entities and third parties the following data subject to confirmation:
a) from economic entities - on balances on current, loan, deposit and other bank accounts of these entities;
b) from proxies, dealers, investment companies, registrars, depositories and other professional market participants valuable papers- on the availability and composition of the relevant financial instruments owned by the audited economic entities, the balance of settlements on transactions on organized markets securities and other similar transactions;
Ethics is a system of norms of moral behavior of a person or any social or professional group.
Compliance ethical standards professional conduct is guaranteed by the high moral character and professional responsibility of auditors, the objective need to maintain public opinion respect and trust in the audit profession.
The main ethical standards include the following requirements:
Compliance with generally accepted moral standards and principles. Auditors are required to comply with:
Rules and norms of general morality;
Truthfulness and honesty in actions and decisions;
Independence and objectivity in judgments and conclusions;
Irreconcilability to injustice, violations of moral and ethical, as well as legal regulations in all their manifestations.
Compliance with the public interest. The external auditor is obliged to act in the interests of society and all users of financial statements, and not just the customer.
Objectivity and attentiveness of the auditor. An objective basis for the conclusions, recommendations and conclusions of the auditor can only be a sufficient amount of required information.
Auditors should not present facts knowingly inaccurate or biased. When providing any professional services, auditors are required to objectively consider all emerging situations and real facts, not to allow personal bias, prejudice or outside pressure to affect the objectivity of their judgments.
The actions of the auditors, their decisions and conclusions cannot depend on the judgments or instructions of other persons.
Auditor Independence. Auditors are required to refuse professional services if there are reasonable doubts about their independence from the client organization and its officers in all respects.
An audit cannot be carried out by auditors who are:
founders;
owners or shareholders;
management and other officials of the audited subject, responsible for compliance with the correctness of financial statements, as well as those who are closely related to the indicated persons;
auditors and audit firms providing accounting or financial reporting services to this economic entity;
audit firms in relation to economic entities that are their founders, owners, shareholders, insurers, creditors, their subsidiaries, branches and representative offices or have a share of an audit firm in their capital, as well as audit firms in respect of which the audited entity is the founder, owner or shareholder.
If the circumstances listed above are clarified after the conclusion of the contract, then the contract is subject to termination. If the auditor deliberately conceals such circumstances, the customer is reimbursed for the costs, and the auditor's license may be canceled.
The main circumstances that may impair the independence of the auditor or give rise to doubts about his actual independence:
pending or ongoing litigation with the client's organization;
family and friendly relations with the director and senior management of the client organization;
financial and property dependence of the auditor on the client ( joint participation in investments of other organizations);
excessive hospitality of the client, as well as receiving goods and services from him at prices significantly reduced relative to real market prices;
the auditor's previous work in the client's organization or in his control system organizations in any positions;
a proposal from the client to appoint an auditor to a managerial and other position in the client's organization.
Auditor Competence. When accepting an obligation to provide certain professional services, the auditor must be confident in his competence in this area, have the necessary amount of knowledge and skills in order to conscientiously and professionally fulfill obligations, and also guarantee the client audit services based on modern techniques using all, including the latest, regulations.
The audit firm can attract competent professionals to assist the auditor in solving specific tasks.
Client confidential information. Auditors are obliged to ensure the safety of the documents they receive during the audit and are not entitled to transfer these documents or their copies to third parties or orally disclose the information contained in them without the consent of the owner (economic entity), except in cases:
1) when this is done with the permission of the client, as well as taking into account the interests of all parties that it may affect;
2) when it is provided for by legislative acts or decisions of judicial bodies;
3) to protect the professional interests of auditors in the course of a formal investigation or partial proceedings conducted by managers or authorized representatives of clients;
4) when the client inadvertently and illegally involved the auditor in actions that are contrary to professional standards.
The principle of confidentiality must be strictly observed, despite the fact that the disclosure of information about an economic entity does not cause him, according to the auditor, material or other damage. Confidentiality is mandatory regardless of the continuation or termination of the relationship with the client and without time limits.
Tax relations. Auditors are required to comply with tax laws. They must not knowingly hide their income from taxation or otherwise violate tax laws for their own benefit or for the benefit of others.
On the facts of violation of tax legislation revealed during the audit, errors in the calculation and payment of taxes, the auditor is obliged to writing inform the client, warn him about possible consequences and ways to correct errors.
The auditor is obliged to provide recommendations and advice in the field of taxation to the client only in writing. However, he should not reassure the client that his recommendations exclude any problems with the tax authorities, and should also warn the client that the responsibility for preparing tax returns lies with the client.
Professional service fee. The amount of payment for the professional services of the auditor should not depend on the achievement of any particular result. The auditor has no right to receive payment for professional services in cash in excess of the generally established norms of calculations. The auditor must refrain from paying or receiving commissions for acquiring or transferring clients or transferring third party services to anyone. The auditor is obliged to agree in advance with the client and fix in writing the conditions and procedure for paying for his professional services.
Relationships between auditors. Auditors are required to treat other auditors kindly, to refrain from unreasonable criticism of their activities and other conscious actions that cause damage to colleagues in the profession.
Relations of employees with the audit organization. Employees should contribute to the authority and further development of the company, maintain business, friendly relations with managers and other employees of the company, managers and customer personnel.
The relationship between employees and the audit firm should be based on mutual responsibility for the implementation professional duties. The audit organization is obliged to develop methods professional activity, generalize normative acts, supply them to their employees, constantly take care of improving their professional knowledge and qualities. A certified auditor, who often changes auditing firms or suddenly leaves it and thereby causes some damage to the firm, violates professional ethics.
Public information and advertising. Public information about auditors and advertising of audit services can be presented in the media mass media, special editions of auditors, telephone directories, etc. Advertising of audit professional services should be informative, direct, honest, restrained, excluding any possibility of deception and misleading potential clients. Advertising containing:
a direct indication or a hint that gives unreasonable confidence to clients in the favorable results of audit services;
groundless self-praise and comparison with other auditors;
information that may reveal confidential customer data;
information intended to mislead or put pressure on judicial, tax and other state authorities.
Auditors are required to refrain from participating in various kinds of comparative studies and ratings, the results of which are supposed to be published for general information.
The actions of the auditor, not compatible with the professional activity. The auditor should not, concurrently with the main professional practice, engage in activities that affect or may affect his objectivity and independence.
Engaging in any activities prohibited by practicing auditors in accordance with the law are considered as incompatible actions of the auditor, a violation of the law and professional ethical standards. The performance by the auditor of two or more professional services and assignments at the same time may be considered incompatible activities.
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1. Auditing activity is:
1) financial management activities enterprise and business analysis ;
2) entrepreneurial activity on independent verification of accounting and financial (accounting) statements of organizations and individual entrepreneurs;
3) activities for the preparation of financial and tax reporting accounting of property and business transactions.
2. The main purpose of audit activity in accordance with the Law "On Audit Activity" is:
1) study of the results of economic activity and development of proposals for their improvement;
2) drawing up and filling out accounting (financial) statements, tax calculations, conducting business transactions in accounting;
3) expressing an opinion on the reliability of the financial (accounting) statements of the audited entities and the compliance of the accounting procedure with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. The external auditor should act in the interests of:
1) all users of financial statements;
2) economic entity;
3) the state tax service.
4. For which economic entities an audit is required:
1) society with limited liability;
2) representation of a foreign legal entity;
3) an organization with a value of balance sheet assets at the end of the reporting year that exceeds by 200,000 times the amount established by the legislation of the Russian Federation minimum size wages.
5
. What types of work has the right to carry out an audit firm under a contract with an economic entity:
1) provide assistance in accounting and conduct a mandatory audit;
2) automate accounting and introduce information technologies;
3) consult on tax legislation, draw up reports and conduct mandatory audits.
6
. Which service is compatible with the conduct of a mandatory audit at an economic entity:
1) bookkeeping;
2) legal advice;
3) restoration of accounting;
4) preparation of tax returns.
7. Can an audit firm, in the event of a mandatory audit under an agreement with a customer, prepare an accounting policy for him:
1) yes;
2) no.
9. Which service is incompatible with a mandatory audit at an economic entity:
1) bookkeeping;
2) consultations on accounting;
3) evaluation of investment projects ;
4) training of accounting personnel.
10
. When concluding a contract for a mandatory audit, the inclusion in it of a clause on the mandatory issuance of an audit report:
1) it is necessary, because if this is not done, the auditor will not take responsibility and express a final opinion on the financial statements;
2) recommended, as otherwise the check may be useless;
3) does not make sense, since the auditor is obliged to do this in accordance with Russian auditing standards.
11. Mandatory annual audits are subject to economic entities that have the organizational and legal form of an open joint-stock company:
1) with more than one hundred shareholders;
2) with more than a thousand shareholders;
3) regardless of the number of shareholders and the size of the authorized capital.
12. . For organizations of which organizational and legal form an annual audit of accounting (financial) statements is mandatory:
1) open joint stock company;
2) open and closed joint stock company;
3) closed joint stock company.
13. Mandatory audit is carried out:
1) auditors with qualification certificates of the auditor, under the contract employment with the audited organization;
2) auditors-entrepreneurs without forming a legal entity;
3) audit organizations licensed to carry out audit activities
14. The concepts of "audit" and "revision":
1) identical;
2) are different.
15. Audit:
1) the function of managing the activities of economic entities;
2) the method of implementation of non-departmental financial control;
3) the main means of control over the activities of business structures.
16. The main purpose of the audit is:
1)fix all errors in accounting and reporting ;
2) detection of fraud and errors in accounting and reporting;
3) establishing the reliability of accounting (financial) statements.
Answer 3
17
. Is there duplication of functions between bodies tax office and audit firms:
1) yes;
2) no;
3) another answer.
18
. The need for an audit is caused by:
1) the need to obtain information for management;
2) the dependence of the consequences of decisions made on the quality of information;
3) the need to confirm the reliability and truthfulness of financial statements.
Answer 3
19
. Mandatory audit is:
1) audit by decision of the management of the economic entity;
2) audit by decision of the meeting of shareholders;
3) an audit, provided for by federal laws, decrees of the President and decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation.
20
. The essence of the audit is:
1) verification of accounting and reporting;
2) assisting in the calculation of taxes and advising on financial and legal issues.
21. The task of the auditor:
1) detect and prevent error;
2) assist management in the preparation of financial statements;
3) check the financial statements and express an opinion on their reliability.
Answer 3
22
. The tax authorities adjust the audit plans in accordance with the results of the audit reports:
1) yes;
2) no;
3) depending on the results of inspections (charges to the budget of additional payments).
23. Is it possible to conduct an audit of public authorities and administrations, local governments:
1) the audit applies only to commercial structures, state bodies are checked by the State Control;
2) yes, this is provided for by the Federal Law "On Auditing";
3) yes, only the Federal Law "On Auditing Activities" does not provide for this.
24
. Current monitoring of implementation economic policy and the quality of enterprise management is:
1)internal audit;
2) external audit.
25
. Mandatory audit is carried out in the following cases:
1) in cases established by the legislation;
2) by decision of the economic entity;
3) on behalf of financial or tax authorities.
26
. The difference between internal audit and external audit in:
1) verification methods;
2) objects of verification;
3) organization of work and reporting.
27
. The relationship between the auditor and the client:
1) are built on voluntariness and compensation;
2) are determined by the management of the audit firm;
3) are determined by the management of the economic entity.
4) Are determined by the contract by agreement of both parties
28
. An initiative audit is carried out by decision:
1) authorized federal body state regulation audit activities;
2) an economic entity.
29
. Can an auditor who is the founder of the audited enterprise conduct an audit:
1) can, if the auditor has a license;
2) can;
3) cannot.
30
. The head of the audited economic entity is obliged during the audit:
1) limit the range of issues to be considered by auditors;
2) stipulate and fix in writing the conditions and procedure for payment for audit services;
3) promptly eliminate violations of the accounting procedure and preparation of accounting (financial) statements identified by the audit.
31
. To carry out audit activities, you need to obtain a license:
1) yes;
2) no.
32
. An economic entity is obliged to provide interested persons with:
1) the auditor's conclusion based on the results of the audit;
2) written information on the results of the audit;
3) report on the results of the audit.
33
. Indicate for which organizations an audit is required:
1) an audit firm;
2) open joint stock company;
3) an entrepreneur without forming a legal entity;
4) a limited liability company.
34
. How often does each auditor with a qualification certificate be required to undergo training in continuing education programs:
1) once every two years;
2) during each calendar year, starting from the year following the year of receipt of the certificate;
3) every three years.
Answer 3
35
. For the preparation and content of tax returns and other reporting after the audit, the responsibility lies with:
1) audit organization ;
2) economic entity;
3) an audit organization and an economic entity jointly.
36
. Auditors have the right during the audit:
1) receive clarifications from the officials of the audited entity in oral and written forms on issues that have arisen during the audit;
2) engage on a contractual basis to participate in the audit of auditors who provided this economic entity with services for the restoration and maintenance of accounting;
3) engage on a contractual basis to participate in the audit of auditors who provided reporting services.
Answer 1
37
. The audited economic entity has the right to receive from the auditor:
1) information on the requirements of the legislation regarding the conduct of an audit;
2) assistance in the preparation of financial statements;
3) a confidentiality agreement.
Answer 3
40. The auditor has no right:
1) transfer to third parties the information received by him in the course of the audit;
2) keep a copy of the audit report after the audit;
3) consult the client orally.
41
. Auditors are required during the audit:
1) follow the rules work schedule established by the audited economic entity;
2) comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation;
3) establish payment for services depending on the achievement of a certain result.
42
. When conducting an audit, the auditor should be guided by:
1) international standards;
2) national standards;
3) any other standards.
Answer 1
43. Why are audit standards (rules) developed:
1) to assess the quality of the audit;
2) to draw up programs for qualifying examinations in the section "Audit" for the right to engage in audit activities;
3) to determine the scope of the auditor's responsibility.
44
. The auditor in the course of planning and conducting the audit should demonstrate:
1) professional skepticism ;
2) credulity;
3) faith in the unconditional honesty of the management of the economic entity.
45
. Auditing standards are:
1) uniform requirements for the procedure for the implementation of audit activities, execution and assessment of the quality of the audit and related services, as well as for the procedure for training auditors and assessing their qualifications;
2) regulations mandatory for all economic entities, including audit organizations;
3) regulatory documents that are mandatory only for audit organizations.
46
. What guarantees compliance with auditing standards in the process of auditing:
1) a high level of audit quality and reliability of results;
2) independence audit organization;
3) the possibility of increasing the price of audit services.
47. How are international auditing standards abbreviated:
1) GAAP;
2) ISA;
3) IAG.
Answer 2
48. Auditing activity in the Russian Federation is regulated by:
1) the state;
2) public professional audit organizations;
3) contracts for the provision of audit services.
Answer 1
49
. The following persons are allowed to be certified for the right to engage in audit activities:
1) having a higher technical education and 5 years of work experience as an auditor;
2) having a higher economic education and work experience in the specialty for 3 years;
3) having a specialized secondary (economic or legal) education and work experience as an auditor for at least 5 years.
50. The development of auditing standards is entrusted to:
1) authorized federal agency state regulation of audit activity;
2) educational and methodological centers according to the list approved by the President of the Russian Federation.
Answer 1
51.
State regulation of audit activity in the Russian Federation is carried out by:
1) professional audit associations;
2) Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation;
3) Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.
Answer 3
52
. The authorized federal body for the state regulation of audit activities has been established and operates under:
1) President of the Russian Federation;
2) the Government of the Russian Federation;
3) the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation;
4) State Duma.
Answer 2
53
. Individual entrepreneur:
1) cannot be engaged in audit activities;
2) may engage in individual audit activities after registration as an entrepreneur;
3) can engage audit activities after obtaining a certificate, licenses and registrations as individual entrepreneur;
4)may conduct a mandatory audit after obtaining a certificate, license and registration as an individual entrepreneur only.
Answer 3
54
. The procedure for attestation for the right to carry out audit activities is approved:
1) an authorized federal body;
2) the Government of the Russian Federation;
3) professional audit associations.
55
. The auditor, having carried out an audit and handed over the audit report to the client, refused to give him information about regulations on which the comments and conclusions were based. He referred to the fact that this work was not provided for by the audit contract. Check out his actions:
1) this condition must be stipulated by the contract;
2) The Federal Law "On Auditing" does not entitle the client to receive such information;
3) the auditor is obliged to provide the client with such information.
56
. An open joint stock company has been operating for two years. While the number of shareholders is less than 100. Is it subject to a mandatory audit requirement if management does not need the services of auditors:
1) yes;
2) no;
3) at the discretion of the management of the joint-stock company.
57
. The economic entity invited an auditor to verify the reliability of the report for the reporting period. Is the auditor entitled to contact the client for information beyond the reporting period:
1) the auditor checks only what the client asks for;
2) yes, it is decided by the auditor based on the circumstances of the audit;
3) if the auditor did not undertake such obligations, this should not be done.
58
. In a disputable situation, the degree of guilt and responsibility of the auditor to the client is determined by:
1) by the court;
2) by agreement between the auditor and the client;
3) tax inspection.
59
. When taking inventory Money the cashier during the audit revealed a shortage of a large amount of money. Auditor actions:
1) remove the cashier from work, give a negative audit report;
2) assess the materiality of the item "Cash" in the financial statements and, depending on this, make decisions on the audit report;
3) give a negative opinion and transfer the materials to law enforcement agencies.
60. In the contract for the audit, the parties, at the insistence of the audit firm, fixed the following clause: “The auditor and the audit firm do not bear liability for the reliability of the audit report. Assess the situation:
1) if client does not mind, everything is correct;
2) the responsibility of auditors is determined by the contract, therefore, everything is correct;
3) it is contrary to the current regulations.