Attention! The free business plan provided for download below is an example. The business plan that best suits the conditions of your business must be created with the help of specialists.
Breeding cattle, taking into account the business plan, will make it possible to profit from the event. All costs and risks will be calculated in the business plan.
Depending on how correctly the costs for the purchase of animals, or their rental, as well as delivery, food, maintenance of cattle, overhead costs for the delivery of fattening materials, for the payment of salaries to service personnel, watchmen and managers, for the deduction of all taxes and other costs will depend on the final result.
It should be noted that the breeding of large cattle with planned management Agriculture in the former Soviet Union, has always been a subsidized industry, i.e. the costs of servicing the animals themselves and their maintenance were associated with a loss.
Of course, this was due to the fact that the fattening complexes had a huge staff. service personnel both primary and secondary.
And the entire income was divided among everyone, including not only cattlemen and watchmen, but also storekeepers, tractor drivers in the field, accountants, accountants, raters, weighers, management, etc.
Current producers are trying to reduce the cost of maintenance and additional feeding as much as possible.
For this, animals are grazed in meadows with a sufficient amount of grass.
This is not about dietary supplements, but about ordinary compound feed, beetroot, corn, makuha, wheat, etc. In pens where cattle are kept, there is usually no grass, it is trampled down by animals, literally in one day.
It is also necessary to carry out watering of cattle, for which special drinkers for livestock should be equipped and water should be supplied by a tractor with a container.
All these conditions must be taken into account when drawing up a business plan. In addition, in animal husbandry, force majeure circumstances are very common that lead to the death of one or more animals. In the worst cases, half of the animals may fall, or even more.
Let's not scare our entrepreneurs, many herds of cattle graze well in the meadows, feed them with other food, and, as a result, give a good weight gain.
By the way, the weight gain of cattle should be determined monthly. To do this, use large weights, such as automobiles, or use modern weighing mechanisms with accuracy and efficiency.
When weighing on large scales, the total weight of the animals is divided by the number of heads. Thus calculate average weight animal.
The difference between the weight of the animal obtained in the current month and in the previous one will be the weight gain, which directly affects the final result. Cattle of a certain age have their own growing periods.
So, for growing young calves, it takes about a year, or even more, by the time when they can be sent for slaughter. But many manufacturers significantly reduce this period.
Village or any land plot open up many business opportunities. Someone grows vegetables for sale, and someone keeps rabbits or goats. One option is to organize a small farm for cattle (cattle). In this way it is possible to practice breeding cows for milk or for meat as a business. We will figure out whether it is profitable to keep a cow, how to care for livestock, how to raise calves, and what else you need to know about raising cattle in both directions.
Before starting work on the farm, it is necessary to find out in detail all the nuances and possible pitfalls of this lesson. Key points that play a key role:
- Features of keeping a cattle farm in the cold and warm seasons by zones;
- Meat and dairy breeds of cows, the nuances of their breeding and obtaining products by a modern method;
- How to most profitably sell products and manure from large animals.
Possible areas of work
A modern mini cattle farm can be focused on milk or meat. Where to start in this or that variant of animal husbandry, what conditions to ensure them, depending on the method of breeding?
meat farm
A meat cattle farm is less expensive than a dairy one. The first and most important thing here is to choose the right bulls or heifers in order to fatten them later. A large number of additional premises will not be required, equipment for the farm is reduced to a minimum, only the cost of high-quality feed for the cow herd will remain, which is necessary to raise a calf or heifer at home and breed animals in the future.
If you are primarily interested in animal husbandry as a way to make a quick profit, then choose this most suitable option. However, if a long-term business is planned, then in the future, from the point of view of profitability, a dairy mini-farm for cows will be more effective.
On the this moment home family modules are becoming more common, facilitating the breeding of bulls. These include the following methods and technologies:
- When the calves reach the age of 1 year, cattle are further raised in stalls;
- The grazing period is used to the maximum by cattle during breeding;
- The calf feeds on domestic milk for up to seven months;
- The use of automatic dispensers and feed dispensers that are easy to maintain;
- The use of home loose-leaf care for livestock, with this method, the animals simply stand in the stalls.
Milk farm
The main element of a modern dairy farm is a hall where cows are milked. For the best result, its construction is regulated by strict dairy standards, as is the installation of equipment. As a result home farm, the cows in which are kept according to the rules, can become extremely profitable economic enterprise, like any well-organized animal husbandry with quality products.
Usually in business, loose housing in separate stalls or keeping in groups is used. The cattle are fed in the walking yard, and the cow is provided with water by automatic drinkers inside the premises. Dairy cattle require water at a temperature of approximately 12 degrees when grown. Each heifer needs to be watered and milked daily.
Having finished with milking, the products (milk) are placed in a special cold tank, where the temperature is 3 degrees, before being sent for sale to shops or other farms. No other milk processing equipment is required.
What is a mini farm?
Animal husbandry is limited by fairly strict limits in all its areas. The premises in which raising bulls or breeding cows as a business must meet several important requirements:
- Versatility that allows you to raise livestock in any climate and in any way, so that heifers feel good at the same time;
- The possibility of supplying water and electrical communications to all areas for comfortable care of each cow and her milking;
- Availability of equipment with the help of which cattle will be served - bulls and cows, including loose housing;
- To get a cow, bull or calf, the total usable area should not be less than 1000 sq.m., so your livestock will feel comfortable;
- Ceilings in rooms - not less than six meters - tightness adversely affects milk production and rearing of calves of milk age;
- So that a loose system can be organized.
Also, breeding cows at home as a business requires certain types of premises, depending on the focus. Dairy farms always have a modern workshop for bottling milk, meat farms for butchering carcasses (including removing horns) and a laboratory. Farms for cows should be as comfortable as possible for the animals, then they will be profitable in terms of turnover.
Exists cold method for raising calves, which implies the following - the animals must constantly breathe fresh cool air, and the temperature and humidity in the room is constantly maintained as close as possible to natural outdoor conditions. Projects of such farms for cattle are very common today - everyone talks about cows that grow up well in such conditions.
How to design a mini farm
Land selection
In order to choose the right land plot and organize the rearing of calves on it at home, the following criteria must be taken into account: an area of at least 1000 sq.m., the presence of pastures or places for building various kinds of hangars, walking, making hay for the winter.
Much depends on how you raise calves at home - whether you practice loose housing or not, whether you have a meat or dairy farm. Keep in mind the rule - it is unprofitable to keep mini farms that do not have their own food base - almost all the profits from the family meat or milk trade will go to feed the grown animals. And animal husbandry is, first of all, a serious business where productivity is important.
Consider in the plan that the site should be located in a place where it is easy to bring the necessary communications (it is necessary to supply hot and cold water, sewage, gas, electricity). Ideally, if there was already a cattle farm here before. Then even some buildings could be preserved, which will make your work easier.
It is undesirable to opt for a site that is located in a lowland, has poor, depleted soil, or is difficult to get to. The elimination of each problem will require the investment of a considerable amount of family money.
Building equipment
To build successful business on cows and bulls, you need to adhere to certain rules and plans. The size of the stall for one cow or heifer is 100 by 200 cm. In each box, the calf needs to make a slight slope where the waste will go. Also in this compartment should be a door for easy removal of cow manure. For a dairy farm, it is important to plan the milking system and the timely supply of water to the animals. Modern automatic milking machines will cost less than hiring milkmaids. Also, attention should be paid to the zone in which the cows are bred. Breeding cows as a business must be profitable in terms of turnover, otherwise it makes no sense.
Purchase of animals
The choice of calves depends primarily on the future direction of the farm. At the dairy, buy cows with a large udder without hair, a rounded body and sharp withers, such a heifer is most likely to provide you with milk. It is best to take young animals, since each of them can get the maximum amount of milk. When choosing a meat breed, opt for completely healthy and unpretentious individuals with a lot of weight. When purchasing, in calculating the number of animals, take into account the estimated turnover of the herd of cattle.
Feeding
The farm must have equipment such as feeders for heifers - single or group. When wondering how to choose this element, the easiest way is to stop at a wooden gutter - the design is simple, but proven over the years. The same applies to drinkers. And in order to check the weight of animals before selling or other procedures, the mini-farm must purchase special scales, especially if it is a meat direction. You can also track the weight of the young, the calf or heifer should quickly gain weight.
Employees
If your farm is located in a village or rural settlement, then it is most convenient to hire local residents. Jobs required for the care of beef / dairy cows and bulls, as well as other operations: milkmaid (optional if there is no milking machine), handyman who monitors the farm, livestock specialist who monitors the health of each animal, accountant and sales manager. The wages of these people in farms rural settlement according to the plan are in the range of 13-17 thousand rubles.
Spending and profit
The approximate amount that can be met when organizing conditions for keeping dairy cows or bulls for meat is 650,000-1,000,000 rubles. This includes the construction or repair of buildings, the purchase of livestock, the design of an IP, the development of a business plan. For the first year, the following expenses await you: the purchase of feed, salaries of employees, taxes, as well as various unforeseen expenses associated with breeding. The profit depends entirely on how well the business is organized.
An alternative to building a mini farm
It is possible that the methods of rearing calves do not appeal to you. Alternatively, you can build a dairy farm out of the farm. They do it both from scratch and on the basis of existing buildings. In any case, care must be taken to ensure that the premises of the mini-farm are carefully repaired and insulated for each heifer. This is a guarantee of obtaining quality products. You also need to install partitions if loose content as a technique is closer to you.
It is desirable that professional builders do the work on the dairy farm. It is better to pay once than to constantly spend money on repairs and alterations. Many construction firms they even offer a selection of ready-made dairy projects that you can use. These projects take into account all the nuances of keeping farmed animals. Then it remains only to purchase equipment, get a cow or a calf and start producing milk. Each heifer will grow up healthy and fruitful in a well-built building.
The organization of facilities such as a family farm or a dairy farm is not an easy task. But if you want to deal with it, you can. The main thing is to make plans, carefully weigh all the pros and cons, and thoroughly study the rules associated with the business, whether it is the production of meat or milk. And then livestock will bring you a decent profit.
If you decide to go into agriculture, namely the breeding of meat cattle, read my article, perhaps it will help you not to make the mistakes that I made at the beginning of my journey. I did not draw up any business plans, projects, did not draw diagrams, everything was built on its own free space as money comes in. To be honest, the work is very hard.
But, if you correctly build the process of fattening bulls, their maintenance, harvesting feed, you can manage the entire economy alone, and if you have a spouse, or able-bodied children, then even better. And do not listen to those who say that fattening bulls is not a profitable business, lazy people and couch experts say so. Of course, you won’t get super profits from such a livestock, but it’s quite possible to provide yourself with butter and sausage, fresh fruits in winter, and a good car.
There are three pillars on which a successful mini-farm should be built: start-up capital and thoughtful business plan, effective and rational use available land and maximum mechanization of all processes. When you come from afar, everything seems simple, but the closer you get, things that seemed simple before become overgrown with a bunch of nuances that need to be taken into account.
So, first things first. You need to start, as always, with drawing up a business plan based on your financial capabilities. This will help you understand whether you can manage the desired production volumes on your own, whether you will have to take out a loan or whether it is worth waiting another year and saving up some money. I still recommend starting small, at least in order to get the initial data for drawing up a business plan. In particular, to calculate how much feed is spent on one bull, what weight gain it gives, feed prices, and of course the final benefit from one head. To buy 50 bulls at once and feed for them, you need to be a millionaire. And you also need to build a cowshed, a hayloft, a grain warehouse, a summer paddock and other buildings, and this is not small money. The business plan and calculation of the profitability of a cattle farm is a separate article, read more here.
Now with regard to the direct selection of the site and the construction of buildings on it. It is best to organize a farm in the outskirts, not far from some kind of village, so that the neighbors sleep better and, in which case, there would be room to expand. However, there will also be difficulties with such a site, firstly, communications (gas, electricity, internet, water), and secondly, they can force them to issue a peasant farm, and these are taxes and excessive attention. You can organize a cattle farm on your own plot, 25 acres is enough for this. In many Russian villages, today you can buy a house with all communications, a large plot, developed rural infrastructure at a small distance from the city for quite sane money. Plots sometimes come across 50-90 acres, plus a residential building with gas heating, this option would be an ideal place for a home mini cattle farm.
After buying the land, you need to plan the site on paper, where which building will stand. You can also first draw a plan, and select a site according to it. On one bourgeois resource I found just such a diagram of a cattle farm:
In general, of course, everything is beautiful, a good, convenient, ergonomic plan, but you need to adapt it to the realities of farming in Russia. Here you can find abandoned Soviet farms, with silo pits and cowshed buildings still intact, but requiring complete interior decoration. And the scale of those farms is also not for our livestock. Therefore, I propose to build a farm from scratch.
So, what can we fix in this regard:
- We will remove the silo pits, they are useless for a small farm. Harvesting and preparing silage is a high-tech process, it requires appropriate equipment and experience, and a lot of time will be lost there.
- As for the hayloft, it needs to be built high, and more likely it will be the largest building in terms of area on our farm. The hayloft should have a good roof, and the walls should be sheathed with at least corrugated board or slate. We widely use the practice of storing hay under open sky, as a result, water and snow fall on it. The top layer of hay rots and becomes unusable, which is not good. Also, pulling out hay in winter from under a layer of snow does not give much pleasure. Therefore, it would be foolish to argue about the need for a sennik on a cattle farm.
- A granary and a feed preparation shop with a crusher and a feed mixer solve several tasks at once: forage storage and feed preparation. You need to build to such a height that the body of the dump truck under the roof can rise, because you won’t want any farm to carry grain in bags and buckets in the quantities that we have to master.
- It is not necessary to build a calf at the beginning, because it is just an additional barn. Of course, if you plan to get your own livestock in the future, then yes. In any case, you need to build a calf house according to the principle of the main barn.
- The main cowshed - what to build it from, what sizes, how to equip it inside is also the topic of a full-fledged separate article, read in detail here. In general, today many construction companies offer ready-made solutions in the form of trusses from frame and tent hangars, but all of them do not inspire confidence, and besides, they are quite expensive. I advise you to build according to your project, so that it is warm and comfortable.
Well, the last part is the maximum mechanization of work on the farm. This will help set up the work so that one person can handle everything. The most important issue on any livestock farm is manure removal. There are several ways to solve this problem: slatted floors and a self-propelled manure removal system, a manure removal system using conveyor belts, and the most straightforward - take more, throw further, rest while flying. AT Soviet time in cowsheds, it was the conveyor belt with scrapers that was most often used, which automatically raked cow manure into a pit on the edge of the barn, from which another conveyor belt loaded the manure either into a tractor cart or into a barrel.
Another point, the availability of equipment on the farm, our livestock will not need much. Be sure to have a tractor on the farm, MTZ-80 or T-40 is enough. The tractor must be equipped with a front loader with a replaceable bucket and forks. You also need a cart that will be used to transport manure. In addition, you can purchase a mower and a baler for a tractor in order to harvest at least part of the hay yourself. It is also worth thinking about the availability freight transport on the farm, ZIL or GAZ-53 is quite enough for a small farm.
Perhaps this is all that I would advise you to focus on when building a meat cattle farm. Since tethered, non-range keeping is planned, pasture rental and their improvement are not included here. However, having your own hayfields can significantly increase the profitability of fattening bulls.
- Project Description
- Description of the enterprise
- Description of products and services
- marketing plan
- Calendar plan
- What equipment to choose
- Similar business ideas:
We bring to your attention typical business plan(feasibility study) organizations farming according to the content of cattle. This business plan can serve as an example for obtaining a loan from a bank, state support or attracting private investment. On the example of a farm in the Ulyanovsk region.
Business plan for organizing a farm for keeping cattle in a small village. On the example of a farm in the Ulyanovsk region.
Project Description
The purpose of this project is to open a farm in the village. Ryazanovo. Our main areas of activity:
- rearing of young cattle with subsequent sale of meat to the population;
- production and sale of milk;
- production and sale of straw and hay.
To implement the project, it is planned to receive a subsidy in the amount of 1.5 million rubles as part of the state support program for beginning farmers, conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Ulyanovsk Region. It is also planned to allocate own funds in the amount of 509 thousand rubles for the implementation of the project. The total cost of the project is 2,009,000 rubles.
Economic indicators of the project implementation:
- Net profit per year \u003d 1,850,806 rubles;
- Farm profitability = 83%;
- Payback of the project = 13 months.
Social indicators of the project implementation:
- Registration of a new subject entrepreneurial activity on the territory of the Melekessky district;
- Creation of new jobs;
- Receipt of additional tax payments to the budget of the Melekessky district.
Description of the enterprise
The organizational and legal form of our organization will be peasant farming(KFH). Ivanov I.I. will be the head of the KFH.
What taxation system to choose for a farm
As tax systems the single agricultural tax (UAT) will be applied. The tax rate is 6% of profit.
Location of the enterprise: Ulyanovsk region, Melekessky district, with. Ryazanovo.
Currently, practical activities have begun to implement the project:
- The registration of a peasant farm with the Federal Tax Service was carried out;
- There is an agreement with a large farm for the purchase of 50 heads of young cattle;
- The KFH owns a building that contains 24 cattle, including 14 bulls and 10 dairy cows. It is also planned to build an additional facility with an area of 1400m2 to keep another 50 heads of cattle.
The management of the organization will consist of 1 person - the head of the KFH. The organization also plans to attract hired labor in the amount of 5 people.
Description of products and services
The planned sources of income of the enterprise are:
- Sale of cattle meat to the population and processing enterprises;
- Sale of milk to the population and processing enterprises;
- Realization of hay and straw in bales to the population.
More than 52% of the farm's revenue will come from the sale of cattle meat.
Simmental calves will be purchased to grow beef cattle. This breed is distinguished by good meat productivity, by the age of 18 months the bull is gaining weight from 800 to 1000 kg.
Calves will be purchased at the age of 3 months to average price- 15 thousand rubles per head. It is better to acquire calves older and stronger. This reduces the risk of disease and proper feeding calves gain weight very quickly.
In addition, the farm has 10 dairy cows, from which it is planned to receive and sell from 4500 liters per month. milk. It is also planned to receive an annual offspring of young cattle from adult cows, which will reduce the cost of acquiring calves from third-party organizations.
For efficient use of production areas, the farm will simultaneously contain about 70 heads of cattle.
The diet of young cattle and adult cows will include green fodder, root crops, corn, mixed fodder, barley, oats, straw, hay, etc. For the cultivation of one bull-calf per year, feed will be spent in the amount of about 20,000 rubles, for the maintenance of a dairy cow - about 10,000 rubles a year.
Straw and hay will be collected using a KUN 10 universal front loader with a load capacity of up to 500 kg. During the season (per year) it is planned to sell hay and straw for a total amount of 725 thousand rubles.
Download farming business plan
marketing plan
The main competitors will be similar agricultural producers. products of the Melekes region, personal subsidiary plots and larger agricultural production complexes.
It should be noted that today the demand for high-quality agricultural products remains at a high level. This suggests that there should be no problems with the sale of our products by our farm.
Sales of manufactured products are planned to be carried out in the following areas:
- Sale of meat and milk to enterprises - processors of agriculture. products;
- Sales of hay and straw to the population and other farms of the Melekessky district;
- Sale of meat and milk to wholesale organizations;
- Realization of meat and milk in the form itinerant trade, fairs and retail markets.
How much can you earn from this business
Let's move on to calculating the potential annual income of the enterprise.
On average, one cow produces 20 liters of milk per day. The first 2 months, 10 liters of milk goes to feed the calves.
In the future, all milk goes to the sale. Considering that 2 months are allotted for calving, the planned volume of milk sales per year will be 5400 liters per cow:
- 30 days*20 liters/day*8 months=4800 liters
- 30 days*10 liters/day*2 months=600 liters
Accordingly, from 10 heads per year, you can get up to 54,000 liters of milk.
The wholesale price of milk is 24 rubles/l.
Meat
Bulls purchased at 6 months of age proper nutrition and care for 1 year will gain up to 450 kg of live weight. With a meat yield of 70%, about 315 kg of marketable meat is obtained from each bull.
The farm will sell about 13,000 kg of marketable meat per year. The wholesale price of beef meat is 170 rubles/kg.
hay and straw
During the season, the farm will produce and sell up to 10,000 bales of straw and 5,000 bales of hay. The selling price of 1 bale of straw is 35 rubles, a bale of hay is 75 rubles.
The total amount of proceeds from the sale of products for 12 months of work will be 4,231,200 rubles.
The main share in the company's revenue is the sale of cattle meat (52%).
Technology of growing feed and breeding livestock
The room for keeping cows and calves will be convenient for livestock maintenance, storage of feed and manure. A walking area will be located next to the premises. Based on the sanitary standards for keeping livestock of cattle, the height of the ceilings in the room will be at least 2.4 m. The floor will be built from well-fitted wooden boards. This floor is easy to use and creates good zoohygienic conditions.
Feeding troughs made of boards 600 mm high and up to 700 mm wide will be installed indoors to feed livestock, the length of the troughs is about one meter.
The window area of the cattle housing will be one tenth of the floor area. The distance from the windows to the floor is 1.3 meters. This arrangement allows for better penetration. sun rays in a room for keeping livestock of cattle.
A cemented manure trench with a flat and smooth bottom, 10-12 cm deep and up to 30 cm wide, will be made into the room to drain urine. The cattle stall will be spacious, with an area of about 2.5 meters square meters. A cow produces about 10 tons of manure per year. Manure in the barn will be removed twice a day - in the morning and in the evening.
In the planned staffing The farm will include 5 people:
The duties of laborers will include feeding livestock, cleaning manure and other household tasks.
Also, some work processes will be performed by third parties under contracts for the provision of services for a fee:
- Slaughter of livestock. For these purposes, an experienced miner will be involved;
- Accounting services;
- Supply of feed from agricultural producers.
The cost of these services will be about 100 thousand rubles a year.
Calendar plan
The list of events and their cost for starting a business are presented in the form of a calendar plan.
In total, it will take 136 days to open a farm and 2.0 million rubles will be spent.
How much money do you need to start this business
Let's proceed to the calculation of the main indicators economic efficiency economy.
The fixed costs of the organization are presented in the following table:
Total fixed costs enterprises per month will amount to 185,330 rubles.
The structure of the annual costs of the farm is presented in the form of a diagram:
The main costs of the farm are the cost of purchasing feed - 40% of the total costs per year. Next comes the costs wages employees - 30% of the total costs.
Net profit based on the results of annual sales of products will amount to 1,850,806 rubles. The profitability of the farm is 83.0%. With such business plan indicators, the farm project will pay off in 13 months.
Our organization will make tax deductions in various levels budget of the Ulyanovsk region up to 206,234 rubles per year.
Recommended download farming business plan, from our partners, with a guarantee of quality. This is a complete finished project which you will not find in the public domain. The content of the business plan: 1. Confidentiality 2. Summary 3. Stages of the project implementation 4. Characteristics of the object 5. Marketing plan 6. Technical and economic data of the equipment 7. Financial plan 8. Risk assessment 9. Financial and economic justification of investments 10. Conclusions
Step-by-step opening plan, where to start
It is worth noting that serious investments are required to start a business. Nevertheless, a competent construction of activities will allow for a relatively short time recoup the invested costs and reach a stable plus. To begin with, it is necessary to draw up an organizational plan and determine the main areas of activity, among which may be:
- Growing grain crops, vegetables, herbs, berries and fruits.
- Breeding pigs, cows, rabbits, bees, birds or fish.
In addition, additional activities are possible, for example, the production of frozen fruits, stew, flour, etc. After determining the main directions and calculating the preliminary costs, it is worthwhile to deal with the execution of a contract for the lease of the territory, ennoblement of premises / reservoirs, as well as the purchase necessary equipment. At the same stage, you can begin the selection of personnel who will serve the farm. You will definitely need to register your farm and obtain all the necessary permits to conduct activities. The final stage will be the adjustment of work with the sales market.
What equipment to choose
Any farm can not do without machinery and auxiliary equipment. His choice depends specifically on the type of farm and what you are going to breed or grow on it. For beekeeping, hives, refrigerators, rooms for wintering bees, as well as overalls will be mandatory. A cattle farm will require breast pumps, as well as tractors, combines and other agricultural equipment, along with attachments for mowing grass, etc. In the case of growing vegetables or cereals, you will need equipment for watering and harvesting. The fish business will require filters, compressors and pumps.
Which OKVED to indicate when registering a business
When registering a business, you must specify OKVED codes, according to your farm type. For example, if you have a cattle breeding farm, then OKVED code 01.21 - Breeding of cattle is suitable. For a fish farm - OKVED 2.03. Fishing and fish farming, and for beekeeping - OKVED - 01.25.1.
What documents are needed to open
The implementation of a business and the sale of products is possible only after the registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC (Find out What documents are required to register an LLC). In the second case, you will be able to carry out partnership agreements with legal entities. To register an individual entrepreneur, you will need: a copy of your passport, IND code, an application indicating OKVED codes and a receipt for payment of the state fee.
Do I need permission to open
To open your farm, you may need permission from the fire department and the epidemiological station, as well as the territorial property management. In the case of concluding an agreement on the lease of a territory for the placement of a farm, the permission of the fire inspection is not required, and all obligations are automatically assigned to the landlord. Do you want to earn without leaving home? If yes, then see the offer 50 ways to make money online.
Years of experience shows that cattle breeding will be effective if you choose the right breed of animals, taking into account climatic conditions, and organize good care. Otherwise, productivity is significantly reduced, the development of young animals is delayed, and its production function is disrupted.
Where to begin
Today, cattle breeding is a promising occupation, especially for countryside. First of all, you need to clearly define the task: obtaining milk, meat or young animals for the purpose of subsequent sale.
When making a choice, be sure to pay attention to certain features of each type:
- sufficient intensity of growth;
- reproductive ability;
- ease of acclimatization;
- high milk yield is an important indicator for dairy breeds;
- final weight.
The next step is to find a place for the future farm and start building it after obtaining all the relevant permits. Alternatively, you can rent a territory with abandoned buildings, which, after restoration and completion with the necessary equipment, will become usable.
For a large enterprise, equipment will be required:
- special heaters;
- feed supply devices;
- dispensers and milking machines;
- manure removal equipment.
In order for everything to function properly, you should take care of the communications in advance: electricity, heating, water supply and sewerage systems. The optimal size of the room is selected depending on the planned number of animals..
In case there is no veterinarian nearby, the owner of the farm should always have an ambulance kit with the most necessary drugs and tools at hand.
After establishing production process, it is necessary to determine possible options sales of products: the nearest processing plants, restaurants, shops, market.
Important! For effective organization production, it is very important to have a powerful fodder base. A good weight gain is facilitated by seasonal grazing in a meadow with a sufficient amount of grass and the use of feed additives: mixed fodder, beets, cake, cereals, silage. It is equally important to ensure the timely delivery and supply of fresh water.
How to choose the right breed
The positive result of the conceived enterprise directly depends on how competently all the nuances are calculated: the purchase of animals, their maintenance, catering, recruitment, registration of permits.
Today there are many breeds of livestock, the main task is to choose the most suitable option:
- distributed throughout the world. Perfectly acclimatizes in any conditions. It has a red color with white spots. It grows fast and has good reproductive ability. In a year and a half reaches optimal development.
- the breed was bred in Scotland, suitable for breeding in many countries, including the Russian Federation. Well acclimatized in various geographical zones. Differs in a compact physique and precocity.
- Charolais grows intensively for two years. Has a light color: from white to yellow. Endowed with a well-formed strong body, a pronounced meat type.
- The Limousin breed has a red color. Animals are hardy, unpretentious in care, have high fertility.
- The Salers breed is easy to keep. They gained popularity due to their unique fertility - each cow annually brings a calf. Universal - used for the production of meat and milk. Perfectly adapts to difficult climatic conditions.
- distinguished by a red suit, sometimes with white marks. It quickly gains weight and retains it, despite a period of drought or a long winter. Widely distributed throughout the Russian Federation.
- breed. In summer, the animal has a short, smooth coat, which grows strongly by winter, becoming a thick, sometimes curly coat. Gaining weight quickly.
- - The most common meat in the world is a dairy breed. From this species, not only high-quality beef is obtained, but also raw materials for the production of leather. Maintenance is cost-effective - profitability reaches 95%.
Whatever type of animal is chosen, productivity will depend on properly organized conditions of keeping: a warm (not lower than 17 ° C), draft-free room, equipping each stall with a feeder with a sufficient amount of quality feed and a drinker with fresh water, manure is cleaned daily, which will ensure compliance with sanitary standards.
Animal weight gain should be determined monthly, using large scales or modern devices that are highly accurate.
Production features
Animal husbandry has never lost its relevance, and today, with the advent of food products of dubious quality, it is becoming especially popular. Breeding cattle is a painstaking work that requires financial investments, patience and availability organizational skills. For full operation, you will need a staff of:
- competent leader;
- milkmaids are needed on dairy farms;
- a veterinarian who will vaccinate, assist in childbirth and treat various diseases;
- a full-time butcher is useful only on a large farm.
For large enterprise the best solution would be to buy vehicle to transport products.
You need to buy young animals in the presence of an experienced breeder or veterinarian. After all, only a specialist can judge the health of livestock by their eyes, teeth, gait and other indicators.
In the successful implementation of the project, an important role is played by the climatic conditions of the region in which cattle breeding will be carried out. It is important to remember that the main goal of any enterprise is the use of technologies that allow you to get the maximum result at the minimum financial cost. Any novice or experienced cattle breeder has the right to choose the most suitable method for himself.
