The social security organization provides social. Social security and social insurance. Forms and types of social security

SOCIAL SECURITY

state system material support and services for citizens of the Russian Federation in old age, with complete or partial disability, loss of a breadwinner, in case of illness, as well as families with children.

The right to S.o. enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, art. 7 which proclaimed that the Russian Federation is a social state. In development of this provision, Art. 39 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees each S.o. by age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for the upbringing of children and in other cases established by law. The law also establishes state pensions and social benefits. Voluntary social insurance is encouraged, the creation of additional forms of S.o. and charity. The guarantees of S.O. comply with the provisions of the main international legal acts: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Convention on the Rights of the Child.

S.o. is carried out in various organizational and legal forms, the main of which is state social insurance. S.o. can also be made at the expense of direct appropriations from the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The main types of S.o. in the Russian Federation are: providing citizens of the Russian Federation with various types of benefits for temporary disability (in case of illness or injury, caring for a sick family member, sanatorium treatment, etc.), as well as women with benefits for pregnancy and childbirth; state pension provision; the maintenance and service of elderly and disabled citizens in boarding schools specially created for them; providing disabled people with prosthetic and orthopedic products and means of transportation (wheelchairs, cars); maintenance and upbringing of children in orphanages, boarding schools and other institutions; social and labor rehabilitation of the disabled; sanatorium-resort and medicinal provision of the population; social services at home, etc.

At present, the principles of S.o. are: a) universality; b) accessibility; c) comprehensiveness and diversity of types, in amounts corresponding to the current level of the economy; d) implementation of S.o. through special funds.

Functions according to S.d. are carried out by various state bodies, ministries, departments, individual institutions and organizations. State bodies S.o. pay pensions and allowances, they are in charge of various institutions S.o. (boarding houses, educational establishments for the disabled, medical and social expert commissions, social assistance services, etc.), the prosthetic industry. Separate functions according to S.o. perform: special ministries (departments) and their bodies, organizations and institutions on the ground for vocational training and employment of disabled people, creation of special jobs for them; health and education authorities for the maintenance and upbringing of children, etc. Trade unions, as representative bodies of workers, also have certain functions in the field of social security. (the right to participate in the formation social programs aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person; the right to participate in the development of measures for the social protection of workers, the definition of the main criteria for living standards, the size of indexation wages, pensions, allowances. scholarships and compensations depending on changes in the price index: monitoring compliance with legislation in the field of social protection of workers) and some others (Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated January 12, 1996 No. 10-FZ "On trade unions, their rights and guarantees of activity") ( see also Old-age pension... Disability pension, Survivor's pension).

AT foreign countries S.o., as a rule, is represented by three systems:

social insurance, state assistance and the system of "universal" provision. Social insurance as the most common system of S.O. consists in withholding (mandatory) insurance premiums from the wages of employees and granting the right to a pension and allowance, regardless of financial situation the family of the insured in the presence of the necessary insurance experience, age and some other conditions. State aid is paid from the funds state budget and only to workers who have lost their earnings due to disability or unemployment and have no means of subsistence.

"Universal" system, mainly in the field of pensions. operates in the Scandinavian countries (Norway, Iceland), as well as in Canada and Finland. All citizens who have reached retirement age, become disabled or have lost their breadwinner have the right to a pension. In Sweden, this system exists in a somewhat modified form, as citizens receive a pension from at least three different sources (the national basic pension, which is granted on the basis of residence in the country; the national supplementary pension and contractual labor pension based on the principle of compensation for the loss income). The retirement age is 65 and is the same for men and women. A phased retirement method is applied, i.e. gradual transition of workers aged 60-64 from full time to termination of employment. Contributions to the vast majority of types of social insurance, including national pensions, are paid by the employer. Contribution rates for various kinds pensions are calculated separately.

Lit .: Suleimanova G.V. Social security and social insurance. Expert Bureau, 1997; Commentary on the Constitution Russian Federation. M., 1996; Social security in foreign countries. M. 1989; Sta1berg A-C. Pension reform in Sweden. Scand. J. Soc. Welfare, 1995.

Shcherbakov\"I".I.

Law Encyclopedia. 2005 .

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Books

Legal foundations of the mechanism for the implementation of the constitutional right to social security in the Russian Federation, Baimatov Pavel Nikolaevich. The monograph is a study of theoretical and practical problems associated with the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to social security. Fully illuminated...

Social security: what is it?

Definition 1

Social security acts as a system provided for by the legislative authorities, which is necessary for organizing material support and subsequent services for citizens who have reached a certain age (old age), as well as in case of their illness, partial or complete loss, to implement labor activity, in case of loss of a breadwinner. Also, families in which there are children, but there is no way to ensure their full existence (large families, orphans) fit into the scope of social security.

Social security law is a separate branch Russian law. It is a whole set of norms, as well as legal statuses and institutions that regulate relations for material support at the expense of funds stored in state targeted non-budgetary funds for social purposes. In other words, social security is one of the most common targeted forms of distribution of wealth. The main goal is to satisfy the most vital personal needs:

Physical - support for physical health, assistance in the provision of health services;
Social - free education, services in various budgetary organizations;
Intellectual - ensuring the availability of education at every stage of human development and learning.

These needs are inherent in almost everyone - the elderly, people with disabilities, children, dependents and internally displaced persons, the unemployed. But it is worth noting that every person has the right to receive assistance and be provided for in order to restore health and for the subsequent correct reproduction of the labor force at the expense of special funds. Social security is an expression of work within the framework of the social policy of the state at this stage of its development and activity.

Thus, social security is a form of expression of the properties and actions of the social policy of the state. It is aimed at material support for specific categories of citizens (the elderly, the disabled, orphans, dependents, families with many children) from the state budget, as well as specially allocated off-budget state funds. This happens in the event of the occurrence of such events in a person’s life that can knock him down. social status and harm his life as a whole. The main characteristic of social security is its targeting, because before giving consent to applications submitted to the social security authorities, it is necessary to carry out checks on this issue and determine the reality of the situation of the person who applied for help.

Organization of social security in modern Russia

Social security of citizens is carried out in accordance with the measures provided for under the legislation, as well as within the framework of the social policy of our country. Today in Russia, the social security system must include all types of pension payments and benefits, benefits, compensation payments. This also includes the following elements of social security:

Social services for citizens most in need of it;
Medical assistance to categories of citizens, financing of expensive medicines or operations from the state budget, or funds of non-budgetary organizations;
Sanatorium-resort treatment for citizens who are in great need of this medical indications(sluggish chronic diseases, postoperative rehabilitation);
Benefits for certain categories of citizens (payment of subsidies and benefits to citizens who are most in need of it).

Social security may take different forms. At the same time, forms as a whole mean organizational and legal ways of implementing social security in modern conditions. Quite specific features of the forms of social security include such as the system of bodies that carry out direct social security; accumulation method Money, which are used to provide social security to special categories of citizens in need. Thirdly, it is impossible not to note the circle of subjects that receive assistance and are provided at the expense of funds allocated by a certain financial source. In addition, here the researchers take into account the types of security provided at the expense of a specific source for a specific range of social security objects.

Forms are constantly changing, as both the social security system and the course of policy in this regard are subject to change. Therefore, today, when it comes to centralized forms of social security, they should be divided into such as:

Compulsory social insurance of citizens and special categories of the population;
Social security at the expense of budgetary funds - in this case it is granted only to special categories of citizens who officially confirm their difficult financial and social situation;
A mixed form of social security, which is accepted for certain social subjects. This includes financing and related funds, social assistance in organizing medical care, assistance in obtaining additional services or financial support (benefits, subsidies, pension payments and additional payments to them).

At present, several funds operate in Russia as independent credit and financial systems. These include the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, State fund employment of the population of the Russian Federation, as well as some compulsory health insurance funds.

Remark 1

Insurance premiums act as the main income for these funds. A person can apply to them and, in accordance with the legislative system, receive the necessary assistance, having previously documented their social status.

Social security can be organized in different forms, which are usually distinguished according to such criteria as:

the circle of those provided;
sources and methods of formation of funds to finance relevant activities;
types of security;
conditions and amounts of security;
security agencies.

Based on these features, we can now distinguish the following organizational and legal forms of social security :

state (mandatory) social insurance;
social security through direct appropriations from the federal budget;
state social assistance.

These forms are created to protect the population from social risk. In Art. 3 of the Federal Law of July 16, 1999 No. 165-FZ "On the Fundamentals of Compulsory Social Insurance", the concept of social risk is formulated as follows: social insurance risk- an expected event that entails a change in the material and (or) social status of workers and other categories of citizens, in the event of which compulsory social insurance is carried out.

According to probability theory insurance risk- this is only the degree, the magnitude of the expected danger, its probability. It should not be confused with an insured event, i.e. an actual socially significant circumstance that led to a deterioration in the financial situation.

social risk- this is the probability of a deterioration in the financial situation as a result of the loss of earnings or labor income for objective socially significant reasons, as well as in connection with additional expenses for the maintenance of children and other family members in need of assistance, to meet the needs for medical and social services. This definition reflects the most significant signs of social risk:

connection with the social organization of labor;
intended nature;
objective reasons for the occurrence.

State (mandatory) social insurance

The main organizational and legal form is. At present, it is being transformed in accordance with principles adequate to market relations.

Employees and other persons, the circle of which is determined by law, are subject to compulsory social insurance.
With regard to state (compulsory) social insurance, insured events can be a lack of demand for labor (unemployment), illness, disability, old age, death of a breadwinner, and others. Their list is established by law.

The essence of state social insurance lies in the decomposition of social risk between employers, employees and other employed persons subject to compulsory social insurance, and the state. Moreover, the loss of earnings and other specified circumstances can be classified as a social (mass) risk and covered by compulsory social insurance only if they are caused by socially significant reasons that are valid from the point of view of the state. In particular, the loss of earnings can be the result of unemployment, temporary disability, disability, etc. Additional expenses can be the result of a variety of reasons: the presence of dependents, including minor children; disability; need for medical care and treatment, natural disasters and other emergency events.

To finance state social insurance at the federal and local levels, centralized funds have been created that function as off-budget financial systems. The federal social insurance funds include: the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, the State Employment Fund of the Russian Federation. They are formed at the expense of insurance premiums of employers, various groups of the employed population, defined in the law, and subsidies from the state.

The tasks of the foundations are not only to ensure the collection of the necessary funds, but also to place them in government projects, securities and other reliable investments that guarantee the receipt of a profit necessary for the indexation of pensions, benefits and other social insurance payments.

In this way, state (mandatory) social insurance is a form of organizing the exercise by insured persons of the right to social security in cases of loss of earnings or other source of livelihood due to illness, work injury or occupational disease, unemployment, disability, pregnancy and childbirth, old age, loss of a breadwinner and other circumstances established by law, as well as for medical care at the expense of extrabudgetary insurance funds.

Social security through direct appropriations from the federal budget

Another organizational form of exercising the constitutional right of everyone to cash payments and social services in cases established by law is the provision through direct appropriations from the federal budget.

This form covers special subjects: civil servants, military personnel, private and commanding officers of internal affairs bodies, state security, tax police and members of their families, as well as other categories of employees, taking into account the specific nature of their activities. Funds for financing the social security of the specified contingent of persons are transferred to the federal social insurance funds or allocated to the relevant ministries (for example, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation) from the budget of the Russian Federation.

Social help

Another organizational and legal form of implementation of social security is social help. It is currently in the development stage. Legal basis for its creation, it was laid down by the following Federal Laws: No. 134-FZ of October 24, 1997 "On the Living Wage in the Russian Federation", No. 178-FZ of July 17, 1999 "On State Social Assistance", No. 201-FZ of November 20, 1999 "On Consumer basket as a whole for the Russian Federation.

Only low-income individuals and families should be recognized as subjects of social assistance, and the level of individual or average per capita income of a family should be recognized as the basis for the provision of social payments or services. If it is below the subsistence level, then the family (a citizen living alone) is considered poor and has the right to receive state social assistance. Thus, the right to social assistance is not conditional on participation in labor activity or payment of insurance premiums.

Financing of state social assistance is carried out at the expense of budgets various levels, as well as funds of the Republican and territorial funds social support population.

In this way, state social assistance is a form of organizing the exercise of the right to social security by the poor without regard to labor activity and paying insurance premiums.

Within the framework of different organizational and legal forms, different types social security. At the expense of centralized off-budget social insurance funds, labor pensions (for old age, for disability, for the loss of a breadwinner), social insurance benefits (for unemployment, for temporary disability, for pregnancy and childbirth, etc.), insurance services for the provision of free for consumers of medical care under compulsory health insurance programs.

At the expense of direct appropriations from the federal budget, seniority pensions, disability pensions and survivors' pensions are paid to a special contingent of persons on the basis of special legislative acts (for example, military personnel and persons equated to them).

The types of social assistance are:

social pensions;
social benefits;
subsidies;
compensation payments to low-income pensioners;
compensation payments to persons caring for the elderly over 80 years of age, disabled people of group I, and other types of compensation payments;
lump-sum benefits to refugees and internally displaced persons;
free provision of basic necessities (food, clothes, shoes);
subsidies for the purchase of medicines, prosthetic and orthopedic products;
subsidies for payment of public services;
assistance to the elderly and disabled at home;
semi-stationary and inpatient service the disabled and the elderly;
keeping children in orphanages;
providing first aid to the homeless in night residences and others.

Great difficulty in distinguishing between forms of social security causes the possibility of receiving the same types of payments from various sources. For example, to finance lump-sum benefits at the birth of a child for persons working on employment contract, the funds of the social insurance fund are used, and for non-working funds of local budgets.

Consequently, depending on the source of funding, payments of the same name can act both as types of social insurance and as types of social assistance.

Recently, local forms of social security have begun to develop at the expense of financial resources allocated under municipal social programs.

The state system of social security of the population by types of security includes: pension system ; a system of social benefits and compensation payments; social service system social service); system of social medical care and treatment; social assistance system; system of social benefits and benefits.

It is logical to assume that each of these systems should correspond to a similar, organically related state system of bodies that directly provide the population with the listed types of social security. But this is not. There are many reasons: differences in financial sources of social security, subject composition, organizational and legal forms of providing citizens, etc. There is no single regulatory legal act that would contain a specific list of bodies providing certain types of social security. An indication of such bodies can be found only as a result of an analysis of the norms of numerous legal acts, one way or another related to the issues of social security of citizens.

Let us consider what are the bodies functioning in the field of social security in general terms, and what are their differences.

Obligatory participants (subjects) of relations on direct social security are considered to be some kind of social material benefit, on the one hand, citizens who have the right or claim it, on the other hand, the competent authorities and organizations that provide this or that type of social security, and which are determined legislation.

First, let's find out which organs will be discussed if there are two main organizational forms social security - compulsory social insurance and provision at the expense of appropriations from the state budget.

Here are two specific participants in pension relations - a factory worker insured under compulsory pension insurance and a military officer from among the officers. Suppose that both of them are entitled to an old-age labor pension and a seniority pension.

As mentioned earlier, the pension system consists of two relatively independent systems - insurance and budget. This means that an employee of the plant will have to apply to the local FIU regarding his pension. And if he has a funded pension (the funded part of the labor pension), which he transferred to the management of a non-state pension fund, then he can apply to this fund. The serviceman, in turn, applies through the military commissariat at the place of residence to the pension body of the Russian Ministry of Defense. This example clearly shows the difference between the pension authorities where these persons should apply for their pension. The delimiting criteria here are forms organizations of pension provision - compulsory pension insurance and state pension provision; types of state pensions - labor and budget; funding sources - the PFR budget and appropriations from the state budget, etc.

It can be assumed that this approach can be used for all types of state pensions, which are grouped into two pension systems. But it's not. For example, the payment of a social pension is made by the PFR, although such a pension is part of the budgetary pension system.

Thus, criteria that are not always available, for example, forms and types of social security, may directly indicate the body that provides this or that type of security.

Now let's find out what the competent authorities can be, depending on this type of social security, such as social benefits, and what are the categories of their recipients. The most typical example is the provision of maternity benefits.

The Federal Law of May 19, 1995 “On State Benefits for Citizens with Children” establishes the right to benefits for pregnancy and childbirth for various categories of women. For example, such an allowance is given to women subject to social insurance; students with a break from work in educational institutions of primary, secondary and higher professional education, in institutions of postgraduate professional education; passing military service under contract, service as private and commanding personnel in internal affairs bodies, and in other cases.

By current rules For the specified categories of women, the social allowance in question is assigned and paid, respectively, at the place of their work, study or service. But there is an exception. So, this allowance is assigned and paid to a woman on the last place of work (service), if maternity leave came within a month after dismissal from work (service) in the following cases: a) transfer of the husband to work in another area, moving to the place of residence of the husband; b) an illness that prevents the continuation of work or residence in the area (in accordance with a medical certificate issued in in due course); c) the need to care for sick family members (if there are medical report) or disabled people of group I. Thus, various authorities will come into play, obliged to pay this allowance.

Another example. Now let's talk about such a delimiting criterion as financial sources payment of maternity benefits. They may be different. Thus, for women subject to compulsory social insurance, these benefits are paid by the employer at the expense of the FSS of Russia. The same fund finances the expenses for allowances for women who study part-time in educational institutions of primary, secondary and higher vocational education, in institutions of postgraduate vocational education. The direct payment of such benefits is carried out by the administration educational institution. Women undergoing military service under a contract, serving as private and commanding personnel in internal affairs bodies, in the State Fire Service, in institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system, in bodies for controlling turnover drugs and psychotropic substances, customs authorities receive this allowance at the expense of the state budget in the relevant body.

As can be seen from the example, the same type of social security can be carried out at the expense of the same funds, but issued by different authorities. Or, conversely, the same body may provide several types of social security from different financial sources.

So, there is a variety of bodies directly providing social security. To find out which body provides this or that type of social security, in each case it is necessary to analyze numerous regulatory legal acts. Their research shows the following. In addition to the bodies directly providing some kind of social security, there are others. Among them, one way or another related to social security issues, include, for example, federal legislative, executive and judicial authorities, relevant bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government, compulsory social insurance funds, non-profit and other organizations, administration of organizations and institutions .

Not all of these bodies are in direct contact with citizens and provide them with one or another type of support. They may directly or indirectly (indirectly) relate to the sphere of social security of the population. An example of an indirect relationship to the sphere of social security is the activity of federal legislative bodies. Yes, the Federal Assembly supreme body legislature, cannot be called a social security body, since it does not have a direct connection with a particular citizen. But from those adopted by this legislature federal laws depends on the very social security of Russian citizens.

The Government of the Russian Federation is a federal state body executive power general competence, which should be considered the main instrument for the implementation of constitutional norms, the implementation of the main directions of state policy, including social sphere. To this end, the government is endowed with broad powers in all areas of the life of the population. It is also responsible for ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, including their social security. The federal government itself also does not have direct contact with citizens about the direct provision of social security to them.

Consequently, there are bodies that are entrusted with the implementation (and general management) the sphere of social security (What was discussed in the first chapter of this study guide.).

The government of the Russian Federation is subordinate to the central bodies of federal executive power - federal ministries, federal services, federal agencies, etc.

Through them, the government carries out all the work to fulfill the tasks assigned to it by law, including social security. Thus, the structure of the federal government includes the Ministry of Health and social development RF (Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia). Through this ministry, the Government ensures the implementation of the State's social welfare policy. In turn, subordinate bodies subordinate to the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, for example, district or city departments (committees, departments, services) of social protection of the population (This is how these bodies are officially called.) or employment of the population, are directly connected with citizens, since they provide them with one or another type of social security.

Thus, there are bodies that are part of the system of state executive power. Depending on their position (hierarchical level in the vertical of power), they may or may not have a direct connection with citizens regarding their social security. All communications between the indicated state bodies (vertically - from top to bottom) are based on the principle of subordination to each other, i.e. relationships of subordination and power. (These relationships are governed by the rules administrative law. They are formed in the sphere of executive power, for example, between bodies subordinate to the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia.)

A similar analogy can be traced in the relationship between the bodies that are part of the system of each social insurance fund (PFR, FSS of Russia, compulsory medical insurance funds). These funds are not bodies of state executive power. The content of relations between bodies within the structure of each fund is of an administrative nature. In other words, in the internal relationships of these bodies, there are also relations of subordination and power. Therefore, such relations can also be regulated by the norms of administrative law. Consequently, there are clearly defined vertical relations of an administrative-legal nature within the very system of some bodies that provide this or that type of social security. There are such relations between the bodies that are part of the structure of the PFR, the FSS of Russia, and compulsory medical insurance funds. Between the bodies themselves (vertically) the principle of subordination and power operates.

As mentioned above, in some cases, the provision of certain types of social security is carried out by the employer in the person of the administration of organizations and institutions. Thus, the state delegated some of its powers to them. This manifests the operation of the basic principle of social security law - the creation of maximum conveniences for citizens in the exercise of their right to one or another type of social security.

In this case, we note the main feature. Between the subjects of material relations for social security - citizens and bodies (organizations) - there are no relations of subordination and power. Consequently, administrative-legal relations between citizens - recipients of material benefits, i.e. there is no one or another type of social security, and there are no bodies providing them.

Thus, in the field of social security, there are various bodies and organizations. Conventionally, we will distinguish them into two main types. The first type is the bodies that directly provide the relevant types of social security. The second type includes bodies that are indirectly related to social security. Both of them are related to each other in one way or another. Their activity is equally important, since it is a guarantee of the implementation of the rights of citizens to social security.

Taking into account the scope of authority of the bodies, the degree of their participation in the social security of the population, it is possible to distinguish five main classes of bodies that carry out their functions of social security.

First class - public authorities and bodies municipalities. They were mentioned above. They also mean the bodies of various federal ministries and departments, for example, the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Ministry of Defense of Russia, etc.

The second class is the bodies of compulsory social insurance. In this case, we are talking about the bodies that are part of the structure of the PFR, the FSS of Russia, compulsory medical insurance funds, from the federal level to the local level.

The third class is non-state bodies, such as non-state pension funds. The state has transferred to them certain powers for funded pensions (the funded part of labor pensions).

fourth grade - public organizations: these are trade unions, public organizations of the disabled, for example, the All-Russian Society of the Disabled, the All-Russian Society of the Blind, the All-Russian Society of the Deaf.

The fifth class is employers (administration of organizations and institutions) that directly carry out the issuance of certain types social security.

The participation and role of these bodies in the social security of the population is different and depends on what powers they are vested with in accordance with the current legislation. Despite the existing differences, they have one common and unifying goal - the social security of citizens. The above-mentioned bodies carry out social security in the country as a whole ( General concepts and the characterization of the mechanism for the implementation of social security and its management can be studied separately in optional classes.).

Social insurance is one of the forms of social protection of the population against various possible risks that are associated with the loss of health, disability, work, earnings and other income. The main feature of social insurance is that financing for social security is made from specialized budget funds, which are formed by targeted insurance premiums. legal entities(employers) and individuals (employees).

Social insurance is based on the principle of flexible equivalence, that is, there is a certain dependence of the insurance payment on the amount of insurance experience and labor contribution. In social insurance, the combination of the principle of equivalence with the principle of collective solidarity and pooling of risks is active.

The system of social protection of citizens of the Russian Federation includes the main elements:

traditional form of state social assistance;
complex of federal social guarantees (social services);
social insurance.

Social insurance guarantees insured citizens full insurance coverage, which allows insurers to fulfill their obligations to insured citizens.

Social Security

Social security is aimed at providing financial support to citizens of the Russian Federation in the event of insured events recognized as socially significant in accordance with federal legislation. Social security equalizes the social position of certain categories of citizens in comparison with the rest of the population of the Russian Federation.

Social security is the protection of the most vulnerable segments of the population who, due to objective and subjective reasons, cannot take care of themselves on their own: the disabled, the elderly, children, orphans and others. Social security can be both property-based (services, money, things) and non-property (help from a social psychologist).

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 39), the right to social security is one of the main social rights citizens of the Russian Federation.

Main types of social security

By type, social security is divided into social security assistance and social security maintenance.

welfare assistance - assistance that is provided for a certain category of citizens:

for those who have a specific source of income for subsistence, but were temporarily lost by them and are subject to restoration in the near future, with the subsequent resolution of the issue of insecurity;
for those who have a regular source of income, but its low size cannot ensure the satisfaction of minimum needs;
for those who, due to force majeure circumstances (catastrophes, natural disasters, poor health), are among the needy.

Social welfare provides the necessary and sufficient funds to those citizens who are not yet able to independently acquire a source of income, or who are no longer able to provide for themselves.

What's the Difference?

The main difference between these two types of social security is that assistance is temporary and is not a basic source of income.

To types welfare assistance include:

privileges;
compensation;
allowances;
property assistance (food, footwear, clothing);
social and medical services (some types) at the expense of Federal Fund compulsory health insurance.

To types social security content include:

partial social services (provided by social services);
pensions.

Form of social security payment

Social security is divided into two forms of payment: cash and in-kind.

The monetary form of payment is divided into:

pensions (all varieties and types);
allowances (all types).

Payments in kind include:

benefits (for example, free medicine);
compensation (for example, provision of housing due to disasters, etc.);
medical services, including sanatorium treatment;
maintenance of homes for the elderly and disabled.

Legislated types of social security

The legislation of the Russian Federation establishes the main types of social security:

essentials;
medical and social services;
privileges;
social security compensations;
pensions.

Each type of social security consists of specific varieties. An important feature is that the types of social security themselves are stable and sustainable, and its varieties change depending on the economic, political and social conditions currently taking place in the country.