We have to make inquiries: - chronological - biographical nature Prepare for: - abstracts - essays - messages In the process of study, and throughout life, we have to deal with: - unfamiliar concepts - terms - names - geographical names
Historical reference In Russia, dictionaries of "incomprehensible words" appeared in the 13th century, and from the 16th century dictionaries switched to alphabetical arrangement and were called alphabet books; In the 18th century, real (historical, geographical, etc.) dictionaries appeared. Among the encyclopedias of the 19th century, the “Desk dictionary for references in all branches of knowledge” deserves attention. - the first edition of the TSB in 66 volumes
Let's start with dictionaries. Their family is huge. The benefits they bring to people are invaluable. The poet Ya. Kozlovsky ends his poem “Russian Speech, the Sovereign, nicknamed the Dictionary” in this way. He binds new and old And you are always, as a friend, Ready to render a service to Russian speech Sovereign Nicknamed Dictionary!
A dictionary is a collection of words arranged in a certain order, mostly alphabetically, with an explanation or translation into another language. The French writer A. France called the dictionary "the universe arranged in alphabetical order." He wrote: “Think that the words, put together, are the creation of the soul, flesh and blood of our homeland and all mankind”
A dictionary that explains the meaning of words is called explanatory. Such dictionaries exist so that we often think about the meanings of the words that we use. After all, some words have multiple meanings - When I use a word, Humpty Dumpty said in a rather contemptuous tone, it means what I want it to mean - no more and no less. “The question is,” said Alice, “is it even possible to make a word mean so many different things. - The question is, - said Humpty Dumpty, - who is the boss here, - that's all. Alice was too puzzled to say anything ... L. Carroll
The history of the appearance The genus of explanatory dictionaries is one of the oldest among dictionary families, because the need for interpreting words appeared among people a very long time ago. The first large explanatory dictionary of the Russian language appeared at the end of the 17th century and included more than forty-three thousand words (43257 words). In the 19th and 20th centuries, a large number of dictionaries appeared. The most significant of them is the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by V. I. Dahl, which includes more than 200 thousand words and is a true treasure trove of folk Russian speech. Other explanatory dictionaries were also published, for example, under the editorship of D.N. Ushakov, A.P. Evgenyeva. In the last, 9th edition, about the words
V. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary In the second half of the 19th century, the famous 4-volume "explanatory dictionary of the Great Russian language" appeared. The scientist, doctor and writer V. Dahl collected 200 thousand words, 30 thousand proverbs and sayings. This is a real encyclopedia of Russian life, mindset and character, which have found their expression in speech.
A dictionary that will tell you how to spell a word is called a spelling dictionary. The Institute of the Russian Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences published a Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language, which contains words
Dictionary of foreign words - a linguistic explanatory dictionary that explains the meanings of foreign words and terms learned by the Russian language. Contains about 20 thousand words and terms. Most of these words are common to many languages of the world. The first interpretations of foreign words are found in the earliest dictionary works, for example, an explanation of many Hebrew, Greek words was given in a dictionary attached to the Pilot Book back in 1282. Actually, dictionaries of foreign words appeared in Russia by the beginning of the 18th century. First they were handwritten and then printed.
Handbooks are books that contain the necessary information on a specific subject, branch of knowledge For example, Handbook of chemistry Handbook of physics Handbook of a radio amateur Handbooks are used to quickly find the answer to your question
Practical task Find answers to questions 1. Why does hail happen? 2. What is the deepest ocean? 3. Find information about the traveler N. M. Przhevalsky 4. Find information in the DE about how to remove rust? 5. Name the story of the 16th century English peasant uprising led by Wat Tyler
victoria proshkina
Project "Our Helpers-Electrical Appliances"
Topic: « Our assistants - electrical appliances!»
Type of project: Research, creative
View: short term.
Members project: children preparatory group(5-6 years old, parents of pupils, educators.
Relevance:
Joint activities of children and adults in this project helps connect learning with life, develops the cognitive activity of children, teaches them to act independently, observing safety rules when in contact with electrical appliances. AT project children study an object from different angles, all its characteristics, i.e., a holistic vision of the picture of the object being studied is formed.
Problem: Together with the children, we decided to find out: Is electrical appliances really so necessary in modern human life, is it true that it can replace people in household chores?
Hypothesis:
Which of the inquisitive kids is not interested in various subjects? They are interested all: hygiene items, dishes, furniture, etc. - they examine them and manipulate them like adults. But there are objects in the house that pose a danger to the life and health of children.
We are talking about household appliances. Often, ignorance of the rules of safe use leads to tragic situations.
By observing the operation of household electrical appliances, the child expands knowledge about household assistants, finds out whether it is really so necessary in modern human life, develops attention and observation, gets acquainted and learns to follow safety rules, follow the sequence of actions and help adults.
Target project:
To expand children's knowledge about electrical appliances and the need to use them in modern human life
Tasks:
Educational:
form ideas about household appliances widely used at home and in kindergarten (vacuum cleaner, meat grinder, washing machine, etc.); about the importance of their use to accelerate the receipt of the result, improve its quality, facilitate human labor; cultivate respect for household appliances, to learn to invent completely new devices, loading them with other functions; to form a retrospective view of objects, to form memorization skills using symbolism.
Educational:
develop memory, thinking, creative imagination, interest in different types of household appliances.
develop creative and research skills.
Educational:
develop a sense of caution.
Implementation mechanism project:
At the core project is an integrated approach to organizing joint activities all its members.
Children who became members project, realize their potential in different types activities: in a game dedicated to the simplest operations for the safe operation of electrical appliances; during conversations where children get acquainted with the purpose of electrical appliances, the speech of children is activated; in creative activity - children get acquainted with different means of embodying an artistic idea. The independent activity of children is considered as a form of manifestation of the creative activity of children participating in project. adults (teachers and parents) help, guide the children, are partners in games, entertainment, creative and research activities.
Expected results:
1. the presence of initial ideas about the dangers of the house.
2. Ability to anticipate dangers from electrical appliances, avoid them and, if necessary, act with the situation.
3. Compliance with the culture of a safe lifestyle.
Product project activities:
Exhibition of children's works on fine arts at topic: "Electrical Appliances"
Product of joint activity of children and parents (models of electrical appliances for role-playing games)
Stage 1. Organizational and preparatory stage from 02.10.17-09.10.17 (goal setting, development of plans, definition of methods).
Target: organization and preparation for work on project.
Plan:
Pick up illustrations, pictures depicting household appliances, rules for using electrical appliances Pick up poems, riddles, cartoons about electrical appliances
Preparation of presentations on the topic
Development of GCD abstracts, plot - role playing, didactic games
Preparation of memos for parents
Stage 2. The main stage from 10.10.17-25.10.17 (working with objects project) .
Target: arouse children's interest in knowing the world around them through familiarization with electrical appliances and the rules for safe use; increase the participation of parents in the lives of children.
Type of activity Work with children Work with parents date
Conversation « Our home assistants»
Information for parents on the topic "Dangerous Items".
Artistic creativity
"The fire truck is on its way help» .
Create an album "Appliances".
Story "How Appliances quarreled in the store,
Compilation of crossword puzzles, puzzles about electrical appliances
Modeling - experimentation
"Transparent vacuum cleaner at general cleaning".
Reading fiction
V. Chernyaeva "Cat Vasily and Appliances» ,
Conversation "How to make friends with electricity",
"Careful handling of household appliances",
"How to use electrical appliances" 17.10.17
"Arrange the devices as in the diagram",
“Which appliance forgot to turn off?”,
Role-playing game
"Shop of household appliances"
Conversation Reminders:"Services 101,102,103,104 are always on guard" 20.10.17
GCD "Items requiring careful handling".
Analysis and modeling of situations "How to handle household electrical appliances".
, "Sister burned her finger".
"Smoke in the apartment" 24.10.17
Reading fiction
M. Monyakova "Outlets are not interesting to me" Reviewing the house of the encyclopedia "Appliances".
excursion Excursions in the kindergarten (kitchen, laundry)"Appliances".
Excursion to the store of electrical appliances. Visiting the city library with the child to accumulate and exchange information about household appliances
The game "It was-is" 27.10.17
Practice game Name and draw household appliances that run on electricity Create a collage "Appliances"
Watching a cartoon "The ABC of Security", "Smeshariki". 31.10.17
Experiences:
Experience 1. Rub a plastic stick with a woolen cloth.
Experience 2. Comb your hair and bring the comb to the confetti.
Artistic creativity
Coloring pages on the topic "Electrical Appliances".
Role-playing game
"Firefighters"
(models of electrical appliances for role-playing games)
Quiz "What where When?"
03.10.17 -07.11.17
Stage 3. The final stage from 03.10.17 -07.11.17 (summarizing).
Target: Summarizing project.
Plan:
joint creative activity children and parents (models of electrical appliances for SRI);
Making a visual aid (illustrations, pictures depicting household appliances, rules for using electrical appliances);
Quiz "What where When?"
Target: consolidation of the knowledge gained by children.
Presentation project at the regional seminar.
Informational resources:
1.NSportal. en: presentations « Our assistants - household appliances» , "Caution Electrical Appliances".
2. Umnyirebenok.ru: riddles about household appliances.
3.Google.ru: cartoons "Aunt Owl's Caution Lessons".
To use the preview of presentations, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and sign in: https://accounts.google.com
Slides captions:
Joint activities with children in the middle group in the educational field "socialization", (health). "Our helpers are the senses"
BRAIN. Our "commander". our most important organ, without which we cannot live.
The walnut looks very similar to the brain. It is hidden in the shell (cerebral cortex). The nut itself resembles a brain with various convolutions.
EYES. Our eyes are one of the most valuable human senses. All the colors of the world around us help us to see our eyes.
In order for our eyes to see well, they must be treated very carefully and carefully. Let's remember the rules.
Do not rub your eyes with dirty hands.
It is necessary to protect the eyes from piercing and cutting objects
You can not watch TV close and for a long time.
You can not play computer games for a long time. You need to train your eyes, do exercises, look into the distance.
EARS. Hearing is a very important value of our body. In order for our ears to be healthy, to hear all sounds well, we must protect them and take good care of them.
nose The nose helps us recognize different odors.
Language. With the help of language, we can determine what kind of product it is if we cannot see it and cannot smell it. In our language there are areas that perceive each of its own specific taste.
Fingers. With the help of fingers, we can feel the object and identify it.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Synopsis of organized educational activities in valeology in senior group on the topic: "Our helpers are the sense organs." Organized educational activities use...
Lesson "Our helpers - the senses"
Purpose: Consolidation of children's knowledge about the sense organs, their role in the perception of the world by a person. Tasks: Educational: - consolidate children's knowledge about the brain, about the sense organs (hearing, vision ...
Organized educational activities with children of the preparatory group of the kindergarten Topic: "Our helpers are the senses"
Organized educational activities with children of the preparatory group kindergarten(chapter educational program“Knowledge”) Topic: “Our helpers are the sense organs” ...
Topic: "Our assistants are electrical appliances"
Tasks:
Correctional and educational:
- expand and consolidate children's ideas about household electrical appliances;
- to consolidate the ability to select adjectives for nouns;
- to consolidate the ability to form plural nouns in the genitive case
- learn to coordinate words according to the type of control "Finish the sentence"
correctional-developing:
- develop cognitive interest;
- develop mental activity, the ability to analyze, draw conclusions;
- develop auditory attention and memory;
correctional and educational:
- develop the skills of cooperation, interaction, goodwill, initiative, responsibility
- Encourage children to be careful with electrical appliances.
Used techniques, methods, teaching technologies:
- game;
- verbal;
- use of visibility;
Equipment: demonstration material, computer, piece of music, presentation, video album "Umachka", cartoon "Fixies Microwave", magnetic board, toy Piggy.
Speech material:
- name: refrigerator, TV, vacuum cleaner, hair dryer, iron, washing machine, computer, juicer, fan, electric meat grinder, steamer.
- actions: clean, wash, dry, bake, freeze, store, stand, preserve, cool, warm, iron, clean, show, smooth.
Lesson progress
1. Organizational moment
Game - greeting " Good morning»
Good morning Milana! (Smile and nod your head.)
Good morning, Dima! (Names are called, goes in a circle.)
Defectologist (hereinafter D.). Good morning!
Good morning sunshine! (Everyone raises their hands, lowers them.)
Good morning heaven! (similar movements)
Accompanied by music
Good morning to all of us! (Everyone spread their arms to the sides, then lower them.)
Good morning, guys! We sit down in places.
What time of year is it now?
D: Now is the season of autumn.
What season is after autumn?
D: After autumn comes winter.
What time of year before winter?
D: Autumn before winter.
What is your favorite time of the year?
D: My favorite time of the year is summer.
3. Main stage. slide 3
D: Guys, look, Piggy came to visit us. He learned that the children in our kindergarten know and can do a lot. And Piggy ran to us so that we could help him. You agree to help Piggy.
D: Yes, we will help Piggy.
- Piggy was sent a letter, but he did not understand anything. Let's read it.
Hello Piggy!
Filya found a very interesting album, but he does not know the names of the items in this album. The objects are very beautiful and, probably, useful. Help me get to know them.
Slide 4. Video album
What electrical appliances are in the house?
Children call, and the teacher puts pictures of electrical appliances on a magnetic board (iron, washing machine, TV, vacuum cleaner, telephone, computer, tape recorder, lamp, microwave, refrigerator, scanner, mixer, juicer, electric meat grinder).
-Look at the blackboard and say what the topic of our lesson is.
D: Electrical appliances.
So Piggy found out that these were electric partings.
Household electrical appliances are household helpers, they greatly facilitate the life of a modern person. With the help of such electrical appliances, you can quickly perform any homework and not get tired.
- Why are these devices called electrical?
- Where and how does electricity come to our house? (from large power plants, by wire).
- Where does the electric current live in the house? (in outlets).
- Show where the sockets are located in the office.
What safety precautions are required when using electrical appliances? (do not turn on with wet hands, monitor the serviceability of plugs, cords, sockets, do not use during a thunderstorm, do not use electrical appliances without parental supervision, etc.)
Slide 5. Ball game
This is a refrigerator.
Refrigerator (what?) White, large, rectangular.
What is our friend doing? Freezes, stores, stands, preserves, cools.
This is an iron. Iron (what?) What does our friend do?
This is a washing machine. Washing machine(what?) What does the washing machine do?
This is TV. TV (what?) What does our friend do?
This is a hair dryer. Hairdryer (what?) What does our friend do?
This is a vacuum cleaner. Vacuum cleaner (what?) What does it do?
Finger gymnastics
Slide 6. Hammers
Game "One - many"
Look, I have one refrigerator in the picture.
I have one refrigerator at home.
Milana, how many refrigerators do you have at home?
D: I have a refrigerator at home.
And when we come to the store, how many refrigerators are there?
D: There are a lot of refrigerators in the store.
I have one color TV at home.
Dima, how many color TVs do you have at home.
D: I have one color TV at home.
And in the store, how many color TVs?
D: There are a lot of color TVs in the store.
I have one small iron at home. How many irons do you have at home?
D: I have one small iron at home.
How many irons are in the store?
D: There are many small irons in the store.
I have one red vacuum cleaner at home. How many vacuum cleaners do you have at home?
D: I have one red vacuum cleaner at home.
How many vacuum cleaners are in the store?
D: There are a lot of red vacuum cleaners in the store.
Physical education minute
It's easy fun
It's easy fun
Turns left and right.
We all know for a long time -
There is a wall, and there is a window.
(Turns of the body to the right and left.)
We squat quickly, deftly.
Here, the trick is already visible.
To develop muscles
You have to sit down a lot.
(Squats.)
And now walking in place
This is also interesting.
(Walking in place.)
slide 12, 13
"Finish the sentence"
Piggy, I am very glad that I got to our lesson. He still has pictures, and asks for your help. Let's see.
Let's finish the sentence.
Mom is washing clothes in ... (washing machine).
Dad cleans the carpet ... (vacuum cleaner).
Daughter ironing clothes ... (iron).
Grandmother in the kitchen takes out food from ... (refrigerator).
The son is talking to a friend on ... (phone).
Children watch cartoons on ... (TV).
Piggy tells you thank you very much. He learned a lot and will tell Philya everything. And you are invited to watch a cartoon.
Well what are we watching
Guys, do you like the cartoon?
What electrical device was described in the cartoon?
What mistake did Dim-Dimych make?
Why can't you put your fork in the microwave?
Let's remember how we should handle electrical appliances
Do not stick foreign objects, especially metal ones, into the electrical outlet!
Why?
Because the current, as if on a bridge, will cross over them to you and can hurt you.
Do not touch bare wires with your hands!
Why?
An electric current flows through a bare wire that is not protected by a winding, the impact of which can be fatal.
Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hands!
Why?
You can get an electric shock because water is a conductor of electricity.
Do not leave the included electrical appliances unattended!
Because the included electrical appliances can cause a fire. When leaving home, always check if the lights are out, if the TV, tape recorder, electric heater, iron, etc. are turned off.
4. Summing up
Guys, what kind of electrical appliances do you remember.
D: I remember an iron, a hair dryer, a TV.
What electrical appliance do you have in your kitchen?
What electrical appliance do you have in your bedroom?
What electrical appliance is in your living room?
What appliance is in your bathroom?
D: There is a refrigerator in my kitchen.
I have a TV in my bedroom.
I have a computer in my room.
I have a washing machine in my bathroom.
What electrical appliance is needed to wash a dress?
What electrical appliance is needed to dry hair?
D.: Washing machine, hair dryer.
And I want to finish the lesson with a poem.
Electricity
I see a socket down on the wall
And it becomes interesting to me.
What kind of mysterious beast is sitting there,
Our devices to work orders?
The animal's name is electric current.
It's very dangerous to play with him, my friend!
Keep your hands away from the current
Do not rush to put your fingers in the socket!
If you try to joke with the current,
He gets angry and can kill.
Current - for electrical appliances, understand
Better never tease him!
Lesson completed.
Used Books
- Arefieva L.N. Lexical Topics on the development of speech of children 4-8 years old, M., 2005
- Leonova S.V. Psychological and pedagogical correction of stuttering. Stuttering of preschoolers, M., 2004