Section ii. division management. The third training question: Fundamentals of covert command and control of troops Control of a communications unit in battle

1. MANAGEMENT BASICS
Management consists in the purposeful activity of commanders to maintain high combat readiness of subunits, prepare them for combat and guide them in the performance of assigned tasks, as well as in the timely implementation of measures to ensure the organization and conduct of combat.
The highly maneuverable nature of combined-arms combat, the continuous improvement of the technical equipment of troops, which entailed an increase in the volume of tasks solved by the commander both during the organization and during the battle, have a significant impact on the conditions, content and methods of command and control of subunits.
In the context of the widespread use of nuclear and modern systems of conventional weapons, as well as electronic warfare, very stringent requirements are imposed on command and control of subunits. First of all, it must be resistant to the impact of various means of destruction of the enemy, as well as his means of electronic warfare, continuous, solid, flexible, operational and covert.
Control stability is achieved by the commander's skillful choice of his place in battle, the timely change of operating frequencies, and the secrecy of negotiations.
Continuity of control is expressed in the commander's constant knowledge of the situation in front of his unit's front and on the flanks, constant influence on the course of the battle in the interests of fulfilling the combat mission. The continuity of command and control of subunits is ensured by uninterrupted communication with subordinates and the senior commander (chief), the presence of commanders with subunits or in their immediate vicinity, as well as timely reports from the bottom up and constant information from top to bottom and neighbors about the situation. In a platoon, the continuity of control is ensured by active observation, stable communication with subordinates, with senior commanders and with neighbors.
The firmness of control consists in the persistent implementation of the adopted decision in order to accurately and completely fulfill the combat mission.
Success in combat largely depends on the commander's firm will and his ability to mobilize his subordinates in extreme moments of combat to accomplish the assigned task, to overcome the difficulties of the combat situation.
Flexibility of management is ensured by constant knowledge of the situation and timely response to its changes, clarification of an earlier decision or adoption of a new decision in accordance with the changed situation.
efficiency and high quality management in a subunit depends to a decisive extent on the efficiency of the commander's work. Efficiency is understood as the ability of unit commanders to quickly assess the current situation, make appropriate decisions, clearly and competently set tasks (give orders and give commands) to subordinate units. Particularly high efficiency is necessary for the commander of a platoon (squad, tank) when performing tasks in reconnaissance and marching security; the slightest delay of the commander in issuing commands in the event of a sudden encounter with the enemy can lead to grave consequences.
Secrecy of control plays an important role in modern combat. It is ensured by the high vigilance of all personnel, a strict regime and a clear order of radio conversations, as well as compliance with camouflage measures.
The foundation on which the administration building is being erected is the scientific prediction of the upcoming battle. Here it is appropriate to recall the statements about the foresight of General of the Army P.I. Batov. Front-line commanders know how much thoughts are crowded when for the last time you peer into the area of ​​the upcoming battle. Like any creation of the hands and will of people, the battle is carried out twice - first in thoughts, and then in reality.
“He (the commander - P. B.) must, by the power of fantasy, straining the sharpness of the sense of foresight, survive this first mental battle, the details of which are sometimes imprinted in memory, like frames on a photographic film” (Batov P, I. In campaigns and battles. M. , 1966. S. 200.)
Thus, the commander's foresight and forethought play an exceptionally important role in directing subunits in combat.
Of course, you cannot foresee all the options and they cannot be turned into a template. But if we creatively foresee the development of modern combined-arms combat, then it is precisely along the path of detailed development of its possible variants that we must follow. This will ensure the stability and continuity of platoon control in combat. The commander is the organizer of the battle. His will, expressed in orders, directives, commands, sets the units in motion, gives them the most advantageous battle order, directs their joint efforts to achieve victory over the enemy.
The platoon commander, as a rule, organizes the battle on the ground, and if this is not possible, in the initial area on the map or on the layout of the area. In this case, the combat missions of the squads (tanks) and attached assets are specified by the platoon commander on the ground during their advance to the line of transition to the attack.
The management of a subunit in combat is based on the commander's firm conviction that his subordinates are capable of successfully completing the assigned task. Such confidence comes from the level of training, initiative and creativity of each soldier, sergeant, ensign, officer individually and their high personal responsibility for the performance of a combat mission.
While trusting the squad (tank) commanders, the platoon commander at the same time, possessing knowledge and experience, constantly monitors (supervises) the progress of preparation of subunits for combat and, if necessary, must provide them with assistance at any time.
The commander of a motorized rifle (tank) platoon controls the platoon by radio, commands given by voice and signal means, and sometimes actions on the principle of "do what I do."
Inside the combat vehicle, the commander of a platoon, squad (tank) controls the actions of his subordinates by commands given through the intercom, by voice and by set signals.
Communication must be organized in such a way that, firstly, it is uninterrupted and reliable, and, secondly, it ensures a quick and covert report of decisions and the transmission of orders, orders, signals,
The main means of visual signaling are signal, lighting cartridges, smoke bombs, hand smoke grenades, lighting and smoke shells and mines, flags, lanterns.
The order of designation of the forward edge, the reached lines and their location, signals of mutual identification (at night), as well as identification of their units by aviation, are established by the higher commander and brought to the commanders of units and personnel when setting tasks.
When operating on foot, the commander of a motorized rifle platoon dismounts and stays behind the platoon chain (at a distance of up to 50 m) in a place from where it is more convenient to see his platoon and control it. The squad leader advances directly in the chain. Drivers (drivers), gunners (machine gunners) and the deputy platoon commander remain in the combat vehicles, through which the platoon commander controls the fire and movement of the combat vehicles.
: In defense, the commander of a motorized rifle platoon is located at the command and observation post (CNP), which is equipped during the message, or in the BMP (BTR) in a place from where the best observation of the terrain, the enemy, the actions of his subordinates and neighbors is ensured, as well as continuous platoon management. Together with the platoon commander there are liaison officers from the squads, they also perform the duties of observers.
A command and observation post should not be singled out in battle order; for its location it is necessary to skillfully use the protective and camouflaging properties of the terrain.
The main means of communication in a tank platoon is radio.
Each tank has internal and external communication channels. For internal communication, there is a tank intercom (TPU), which provides telephone communication between crew members and the landing commander, as well as connecting the tank commander and gunner to the tank radio station for external communication.
When working at a radio station, you must strictly follow the rules of negotiation. In a platoon, all commands in combat are transmitted over the radio in clear text. When transmitting commands, units are called by call sign, and points of the terrain are indicated from landmarks and by conventional names.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PLATOON COMMANDER FOR UNIT MANAGEMENT
The commander is the leader of the battle. Therefore, the correct determination of his place in battle plays an important role in achieving success.
The platoon commander, combining high political consciousness and ideological conviction with good vocational training, must be able to successfully resolve issues of unit management in complex modern combat.
Depending on the nature of the forthcoming actions, the conditions of the situation, and especially the availability of time, the commander must organize his work in such a way as to make a timely decision and assign combat missions to his subordinates, giving them as much time as possible to prepare for battle.
In conditions where combat operations are developing at an exceptionally high pace, characterized by extreme tension and abrupt changes in the situation, only a single commander, endowed with great rights, is able to direct the efforts of his subordinates to the successful completion of the assigned task. That is why the platoon commander is given full and sole responsibility for combat readiness, preparation of the platoon, weapons, military equipment for combat and the successful completion of a combat mission on time, as well as for political work, education, military discipline, psychological preparation and political and moral state. personnel.
Within the limits of the opportunity given to the commander and within the framework of the combat mission, he must act independently.
During the battle, the platoon leader must:
- know the situation on the battlefield and make timely decisions, set tasks for subordinates and achieve their steady implementation;
- constantly monitor the progress of the battle;
- conduct reconnaissance of the enemy in front of the platoon's offensive front and on the flanks;
- skillfully use all fire weapons, as well as the results of nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy;
- be an example of activity, courage, endurance and diligence for subordinates, especially in difficult moments of battle;
- timely organize Maintenance military equipment and weapons, and in case of damage, report to the company commander and organize repairs;
- monitor the consumption of ammunition and fuel, take measures to replenish them; to spend the emergency stock of material resources only with the permission of the company commander; when using up 0.5 and 0.75 of the portable (portable) stock of ammunition and refueling, report to the company commander.
2. THE WORK OF A PLATOON COMMANDER TO ORGANIZE THE BATTLE
The preparation of subunits for combat must be carried out secretly from the enemy. At the same time, one should always strive for a wide manifestation of creativity and initiative.
Under the organization of the battle should be understood the work of the commander, during which he understands the combat mission, assesses the situation, makes a decision, conducts reconnaissance, gives a combat order, organizes interaction, combat support and control, after which he checks the preparation of personnel, weapons and military equipment for battle and at the appointed time reports to the company commander on the readiness of the platoon to perform a combat mission.
SEQUENCE AND CONTENT OF THE WORK OF A PLATOON COMMANDER TO ORGANIZE COMBAT
The work of the platoon commander in organizing the battle will be directly dependent on the evolving combat situation, the combat mission he has received and the availability of time to prepare for its implementation.
In all cases, the platoon commander, without waiting for instructions from senior commanders and receiving the task, must organize the preparation of weapons and military equipment for combat use, and personnel - to carry out a combat mission.
The platoon commander, starting work on organizing the battle, outlines the activities and the timing of their implementation.
The work of organizing combat by the platoon commander begins with the receipt of a combat mission. Usually it is carried out in the following sequence:
- clarification of the received task;
- assessment of the situation;
- decision-making;
- conducting reconnaissance;
- issuance of a combat order;
- organization of interaction, combat support and control;
- checking the readiness of personnel, weapons and equipment for combat;
- a report to the company commander on the readiness of the platoon to perform a combat mission.
Understanding the received task, the platoon leader must understand:
- the task of the company and platoon;
- what objects (targets) in the direction of the platoon's actions are affected by the means of senior commanders;
- tasks of neighbors and the order of interaction with them;
- time to complete the task.
Based on the understanding of the task, the platoon leader usually determines:
- the place and role of the platoon in the task performed by the company;
- what objects (targets) need to be hit by means of a platoon;
- at what stage of the battle and with which of the neighboring units it is necessary to maintain the closest interaction, how to build a battle formation;
- how much time is available for the organization of the battle and how best to distribute it.
When clarifying the mission, the platoon commander must understand the company (battalion) commander's intention, as well as the place and role of the platoon in the implementation of this intention.
In order to understand the senior commander's intention, it is necessary to comprehend the content of the combat mission, which enemy is destroyed and in what sequence, the order in which the senior commander uses weapons, in which direction efforts are concentrated and the formation of battle formation.
When determining the place and role of his platoon in the implementation of the company (battalion) commander's plan, the platoon commander must understand the content of the combat mission, in what echelon of battle formation and in what direction the platoon will operate.
The results of the clarification of the mission should form the basis of the platoon commander's decision to fight.
Before proceeding to assess the situation, the platoon commander determines the measures that must be carried out immediately in order to prepare for the battle in a timely and complete manner. In each specific case (based on the availability of time and the combat mission), they will be different. These usually include the organization of intelligence, the issuance of advance orders, the organization of reconnaissance, etc.
When assessing the situation, the platoon leader examines:
- the composition, position and possible nature of the enemy's actions, the location of his fire weapons;
- the state, security and capabilities of the platoon and attached units;
- composition, position, nature of actions of neighbors and conditions of interaction with them;
- terrain, its protective and masking properties, conditions for observation and firing;
- the most probable directions of action of aircraft and helicopters at low and extremely low altitudes;
- time of year, day and weather conditions.
As a result of assessing the situation, the platoon leader determines:
- what strength of the enemy is expected in front of the front of the platoon, his strengths and weak sides, the possible balance of forces and means;
- combat formation of a platoon, combat missions for squads (tanks), distribution of forces and means;
- at what stage of the battle and with which of the neighbors to maintain the closest interaction;
- the procedure for masking and using the protective properties of the terrain.
Clarification of the received task and assessment of the situation are the stages of the platoon commander's thought process in making a decision. The result of this process is the choice of the most appropriate solution for the fight.
Decision-making is the most crucial moment in the commander's work, since it determines all the main issues on which further work on organizing the battle is based.
In the decision The platoon leader usually determines:
- order of execution of the received task;
- tasks for squads (tanks), attached units and firepower;
- the order of interaction.
Determining the order of accomplishment of the received task, the platoon commander must take into account that this item expresses the main, guiding idea of ​​the decision, being, as it were, his plan for battle. Therefore, it should reflect the sequence of destroying the enemy, the order of defeating him with regular and attached fire, the battle order.
Combat missions for squads (tanks) are determined strictly in accordance with the procedure for performing the combat mission assigned to the platoon. Thus, in defense, the task of the detachment is to firmly hold the indicated position, to prevent the penetration of enemy tanks and infantry through it in depth and inflicting significant losses on him. In an offensive, the combat mission of a squad (tank) is to destroy enemy manpower and fire weapons in trenches or other fortifications of a stronghold, as well as tanks, guns, machine guns and other enemy fire weapons located separately in the offensive direction.
Determining the order of interaction, the platoon commander outlines the main measures for coordinating the actions of the squads (tanks) of the platoon among themselves, with neighboring subunits, reinforcements, as well as with fire strikes inflicted by senior commanders at various stages of the battle.
An important step in the work of the platoon commander is reconnaissance which is carried out in order to clarify the decision made on the ground. Not only commanders of squads (tanks), but in some cases also mechanics-drivers (drivers) can be involved in it.
When carrying out reconnaissance, the platoon commander on the ground indicates landmarks, the position of the enemy (the direction of his actions), and the location of his fire weapons; clarifies the tasks of squads (tanks) and indicates the places of dismounting of motorized rifle squads (places of positions of squads, firing positions of infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, tanks and other fire weapons),
The adoption by the platoon commander of the correct decision to fight does not in itself ensure the successful fulfillment of the combat mission received. The decision becomes the basis for the management of squads (tanks) and the law for subordinates with each of them receiving a specific combat mission. Therefore, bringing combat missions to the performers is one of the most important duties of a platoon commander.
When organizing a battle, combat missions are brought to the attention of subordinates, as a rule, in the form of a combat order. The platoon leader must state it briefly, clearly and in such a way that subordinates clearly understand their task,
In combat order platoon leader indicates;
- the composition, position and nature of the enemy's actions, the location of his fire weapons;
- the task of the company and platoon;
- objects and targets in the direction of the platoon's actions, hit by the means of senior commanders, as well as the tasks of neighbors;
- combat missions for squads (tanks), attached subunits and firepower, and the commander of a motorized rifle platoon, in addition, to a sniper and an orderly gunner;
- time of readiness to perform the task;
- his place and deputy.
During the battle and when immediate action is required, the commander sets combat missions by issuing commands by radio, by set signals, by voice.
The commander who gave the order must make sure that the subordinates have correctly assimilated the task received, requiring them to repeat it if necessary.
Clarification of the mission, assessment of the situation, decision-making, reconnaissance, issuance of a combat order must be carried out promptly and with full responsibility.
After setting combat missions, the platoon commander organizes interaction, which is the concretization of the order of coordinated actions determined by him in solving.
The organization of interaction depends on the type of battle and the conditions of the situation. The platoon commander must coordinate the efforts of regular and attached fire weapons for the successful completion of the assigned task, achieve a correct and unified understanding by all squad (tank) commanders of the combat mission and methods for its implementation, organize continuous communication and assistance to each other, especially with fire of all types on tasks, boundaries and time, as well as indicate alerts, control, interaction and the procedure for them.
Interaction is not in vain called the basis of success in modern combat. Only the coordinated efforts of units of all branches of the armed forces can lead to victory in single combat with a strong, well-armed enemy. As the experience of the exercises shows, subdivisions of various branches of the armed forces equipped with complex military equipment will participate in modern combat, even on a small scale. Artillery, tanks, flame-throwers and other means can become powerful tools in the hands of a combined-arms commander only if he is sufficiently aware of their combat capabilities and the specifics of their tactics. Without this, it is impossible to effectively use them in a given tactical situation.
The foundations of interaction are laid when making decisions and setting combat missions on the basis of combat foresight. Then, in the course of reconnaissance, the combat efforts of all units participating in the battle are coordinated. When the situation does not allow this, interaction is organized on maps or on a layout of the area. However, in the subsequent course of the nomination, all the main issues are clarified directly on the ground.
Along with instructions on interaction, the platoon commander organizes combat support. Depending on the current situation and the nature of the upcoming don, the platoon commander draws the attention of his subordinates to the implementation of the necessary combat support measures, and above all, to organize reconnaissance, protection against weapons of mass destruction (incendiary and high-precision weapons), camouflage, engineering, chemical support and security. The organization of combat support is carried out in the form of separate instructions as necessary.
Reconnaissance is the most important type of combat support. It includes measures to obtain information about the enemy, the terrain and the weather necessary for the organization and successful conduct of combat operations. Exploration must be carried out continuously, actively, in a timely manner, ensuring the reliability of the data.
In each platoon (squad, tank) in all types of combat, reconnaissance is organized and conducted by observation, and at night and in other conditions of limited visibility, observation is supplemented by eavesdropping. Observation of the enemy is carried out continuously personally by the commander of a platoon (squad, tank) and specially appointed observers.
A motorized rifle (tank) platoon can be assigned to a reconnaissance (separate reconnaissance) and combat reconnaissance patrol, as well as to set up an ambush, and a motorized rifle platoon, in addition, to conduct a search.
When conducting reconnaissance at night and in other conditions of limited visibility, the platoon uses night vision devices for observation.
Protection against weapons of mass destruction is organized in full, regardless of whether or not nuclear weapons are used in combat. It is carried out in order to minimize the destruction of subunits by nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, maintain the combat capability of the platoon personnel and ensure the successful completion of the assigned combat mission.
The fulfillment of this goal is achieved by conducting radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance; timely provision and skillful use of protective equipment; using the protective properties of the terrain and engineering structures; timely notification of personnel about radiation, chemical and biological hazards; carrying out anti-epidemic, sanitary-hygienic and special preventive medical measures; ensuring the safety and protection of personnel during operations in contaminated zones, areas of destruction, fires and floods; timely liquidation of the consequences of the enemy's use of weapons of mass destruction.
Camouflage is the most necessary and most massive manifestation of military cunning and ingenuity. It is organized by the platoon commander in accordance with the combat mission received, the instructions of the company commander and the prevailing situation. Camouflage is intended to hide from the enemy the true position of his subunits from visual, optical, radar and aerial reconnaissance of the enemy and to mislead him regarding the formation of the combat (marching) order and actions of the subunits. It is also the most important means of achieving surprise and reducing the losses of their units.
Masking must be continuous and active. In all conditions of the situation, it is carried out by the forces of a platoon (squad, tank crew), while weapons, military and other equipment are masked in the first place. The restoration of the broken masking and the elimination of unmasking signs are carried out immediately.
The fulfillment of camouflage tasks is achieved by maintaining military secrecy; covert placement and movement of personnel, weapons, military and other equipment through the skillful use of service and local camouflage, smoke and aerosols, painting weapons, military and other equipment to match the background of the surrounding area; the use of masking properties of the terrain, local objects, dark time of the day and other conditions of limited visibility; compliance with the measures of light and sound masking, especially at night, as well as the rules of radio traffic; maintaining the previous regime of activity when changing units and preparing them for the implementation of a new combat mission; the strictest observance of the requirements of camouflage discipline.
When organizing camouflage, the platoon commander indicates: what service and local means to use for camouflage, the timing of its implementation; the procedure for implementing and maintaining camouflage during combat.
Engineering support is organized and carried out in order to create a platoon necessary conditions for the successful completion of a combat mission, as well as to increase the protection of personnel and military equipment from all means of destruction.
Engineering support is a set of engineering activities carried out (performed) by regular and attached units based on the decision of the commander. It includes the equipment of a strong point (locations) and its camouflage, the installation of mine-explosive and non-explosive barriers; making passages in enemy obstacles and destructions, reconnaissance of enemy obstacles, water barriers and roads. The sapper squad attached to the platoon conducts engineering reconnaissance, destroys long-term enemy firing structures, sets up barriers and makes passages in enemy minefields, acting together with the platoon.
The platoon commander, organizing engineering support, indicates the tasks and the procedure for their implementation, the amount of engineering work, forces, means and deadlines for their implementation.
When determining the scope of engineering work and the time for their implementation, the platoon commander takes into account the degree of training and training of the squads (crews), their equipment with engineering equipment, the capabilities of the assigned engineering forces and assets, as well as the measures taken by the senior commander in the interests of the platoon.
To perform engineering support tasks, the platoon uses attachments, mine sweeps, engineering ammunition, standard camouflage equipment, entrenching tools and local materials.
Chemical support is organized in order to create the necessary conditions for the platoon to perform the assigned task in an environment of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, as well as to mask their actions with smoke and aerosols.
The chemical support of the platoon includes radiation and chemical reconnaissance, the timely and skillful use of personal and collective protective equipment, dosimetric control, special processing of the unit and materiel, the use of fumes and aerosols.
Chemical support measures are carried out by the personnel of the platoon, subdivisions of the chemical troops, as well as by the forces and means of the rear services.
Security in a platoon is organized in order to exclude a surprise attack by a ground enemy and to ensure time and favorable conditions for deployment and entry into battle. It is constantly carried out by specially appointed observers, in defense, in addition, by fire weapons on duty, and when the platoon is located separately from the company, by direct security, which is carried out by pair patrols bypassing the platoon location area.
When organizing guarding, the platoon commander indicates the procedure for observing the terrain, the air and the signals of the company commander, appoints an observer, indicates his place and task, determines the procedure for the platoon personnel to act in case of a sudden attack by the enemy. In defense, in addition, the platoon commander determines the required number of fire weapons on duty, their place and task, and when the platoon is located in place separately from the company, the composition of the direct guard, its route, task and pass.
For every day, a pass and recall are established to identify their military personnel.
The pass is the name of the weapon or military equipment, for example: “Automatic”, and the recall is the name of the settlement, starting with the same letter as the pass, for example: “Azov”.
The pass is reported orally to the entire composition of the outpost (post), reconnaissance and persons sent outside the unit, and at night - within the location of their unit; recall - to the commanders of these units, as well as to persons sent to transmit oral orders.
A pass is requested from all persons passing through the security line and following the location of the unit at night, and a recall is requested from persons transmitting the order of the commander, and from the commanders of the units conducting reconnaissance.
3. PLATOON CONTROL DURING BATTLE
In the course of the battle, when operating on combat vehicles (tanks), the platoon commander controls the platoon by radio, commands and signals. When working on radio facilities, commanders must strictly observe the rules of negotiation. When commands are given, the commanders of squads (tanks) are called by call signs, and points of the terrain are indicated from landmarks and by conventional names. The procedure for issuing commands (signals) by radio should be as follows. The called station's call sign is called once; the word "I" and the call sign of your radio station - once; the content of the command (signal) - once; the word "I" and the call sign of your radio station is one. once; the word "reception" - once, For example: "Birch-13, I am Ash-21, advance in the direction of landmark 4, the bend of the Rotten stream, I am Ash-21, reception." "Birch-13, I am Ash-21, 222, I am Ash-21, over." On the received command (signal), the squad leader (slipper) immediately gives confirmation by the exact repetition of the command (signal) or only the word “understood” indicating his call sign. For example: "Ash-21, I am Bereza-13, I understand, step in the direction of landmark 4, the bend of the Rotten stream, I am Bereza-13, over." “Ash-21, I am Bereza-13, I understand, 222, I am Bereza-13, over.” “I am Bereza-13, I understand, welcome.”
With poor audibility and strong interference, the platoon commander of the command (signals) can transmit twice. For example: "Birch-13, I am Ash-21, reduce the distance, reduce the distance, I am Ash-21, reception."
Commands (signals) relating to all combat vehicles are given by the platoon commander using a circular call sign. At the same time, he repeats the content of the command (signal) twice. For example: “Thunderstorm, I am Zarya-20, in the direction of landmark 5, the “Round” grove, into the battle line, directing - Zarya-21 - to battle; in the direction of landmark 5, the Kruglaya grove, to the battle line, directing - Zarya-21 - - to battle, I - Zarya-20, "reception". In this case, squad (tank) commanders do not give confirmation for the command, but immediately start its implementation. With a stable connection, it is allowed to work with shortened call signs or without call signs. For example: "10th, I am 20th, increase the distance, I am 20th, reception" (work with shortened call signs). distance, reception". "Understood, reception" (work without call signs).
Inside the combat vehicle (tank), the platoon (squad, tank) commander controls the actions of his subordinates by commands given via an intercom or by voice, and by set signals.
When fighting on foot, the commander of a motorized rifle platoon controls his subordinates by issuing commands by voice, signals, and through messengers. He uses the radio station he has with him to control the actions of military vehicles. He issues commands and sets up combat missions for opening fire from the BMP (BTR) armament through his deputy and gunners-operators remaining in combat vehicles.
When managing single military personnel operating on foot, the team usually indicates the rank and surname, what action to perform, the executive part of the team. For example: "Private Petrov - to battle." "Private Ivanov to run across to a separate tree - go ahead." "For Corporal Sidorov to crawl over to a separate bush - forward."
A platoon operating on foot without combat vehicles deploys from marching formation to pre-combat formation on command (signal). For example:
"Platoon, in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), in the line of departments - march." The first compartment extends in the indicated direction. The remaining squads, regardless of the order in the platoon column, move forward at the commands of their commanders: the second - to the right, the third - to the left, maintaining alignment with the first squad, with an interval of up to 100 m between squads, they continue to move.
Depending on the situation and the decision of the platoon commander, the places of the squads in the pre-battle order of the platoon may change. In this case, the platoon commander determines the locations of the squads with a command, for example: “Platoon, in the direction of a group of birches, to the line of a forest ledge, structure; guide - the second compartment; first branch - to the right; third branch - - to the left - march. Squads at the command of their commanders advance to their directions and, maintaining alignment with the leading squad, continue to move. With the beginning of deployment in pre-battle order, the squad leaders establish observation of the signals of the platoon commander.
A platoon operating on foot, from a pre-battle order or from a column, bypassing the pre-battle order, is deployed in a chain on command, for example: “Platoon, in the direction of a dry tree, to the line of a hillock, ruins, directing - the second squad - to battle, forward" or "Platoon, follow me - to battle, forward." When deployed into battle formation from the pre-combat formation, each squad, at the command of its commander, deploys into a chain and, maintaining alignment with the leading squad, continues to move in the indicated direction (at an accelerated pace or run).
To repulse the enemy with fire from a place, the platoon commander gives the command "Platoon - stop", according to which the personnel lies down, applied to the terrain, and is prepared for firing. To resume movement, the platoon leader gives the command "Platoon - forward", and adds (if necessary) - "run".
A platoon from a line of squads or from a chain into a column is rebuilt on command, for example: “A platoon in the direction of the barn, into a column one at a time (two at a time,
three), directing - the first squad - march "or" A platoon behind me, in a column one at a time (two, three) - march. Squads on the move, in numerical order, take their places in the platoon column and continue to move in the indicated direction.
The most important duty of a platoon commander in combat is fire control. It includes reconnaissance of ground and air targets, assessing their importance and determining the order of destruction; the choice of the type of weapons and ammunition, the type of fire and the method of its conduct; target designation, issuing commands to open fire or setting fire missions; monitoring the results of the fire and its correction; fire maneuver; ammunition control.
Observation and reconnaissance, organized by the platoon commander while organizing the battle, continue uninterruptedly in the course of its conduct.
When evaluating the importance and determining the order of hitting a target, the platoon leader must proceed from what damage this target, in terms of its fire capabilities, is capable of inflicting on the platoon in battle. Important targets are those whose defeat under the given conditions of the situation can facilitate and accelerate the accomplishment of a combat mission.
Important targets are usually enemy firepower (tanks, armored personnel carriers, self-propelled artillery mounts, anti-tank guided missiles, machine guns, anti-tank grenade launchers), observation posts, radar stations, etc. In the case when these targets are from platoon units within their range of actual fire, they are called dangerous. Especially dangerous targets in all cases are the means of an enemy nuclear attack - launchers and weapons that use nuclear weapons.
Those important targets that are at distances from the platoon that exceed their range of actual fire are considered non-dangerous in this moment fight.
Such a division of targets into important and less important, dangerous and non-dangerous allows the platoon commander to quickly and correctly make a decision on the sequence of their destruction; dangerous targets should be destroyed first, important targets second, and then all the rest.
The commander must have comprehensive information about the enemy's defenses and fire weapons that need to be suppressed and destroyed. Having this data at hand, the commander gets the opportunity to distribute fire missions between the weapons at his disposal and build a battle to the full depth, i.e. to achieve a fire buildup from the depth so that at all lines of attack (especially at the line of transition to attack) the onslaught and fire the influence of the units not only did not weaken, but was continuously increased.
The ability of a platoon commander to issue a command clearly and confidently, even in difficult battle conditions, largely determines the success of the battle. Commands for opening fire and setting combat missions should, in addition to their direct purpose, be a disciplinary and organizing tool.
The sequence in which the command to open fire is given by the platoon (squad) commander may be as follows:
1. To whom to open fire. For example: "Second squad", "Machine gun crew", "Grenade launcher".
2. Target designation. For example: "Landmark 3, left 40, machine gun in the trench."
3. Installation of the sight. For example: "Permanent", "Seven", "Five".
4. Setting the rear sight or the amount of offset of the aiming point in the figures of the target. For example: “Two rear sights to the left”, “Two figures to the left”.
5. Aim point. For example: “Under the target”, “To the belt”, “To the head”.
6. Queue length. For example: "Short", "Long", "Continuous".
7. The moment of opening fire - indicated by the word "fire".
For firing from an infantry fighting vehicle and a tank, the command is given in the following sequence:
1. What projectile (grenade) to fire. For example: "Armor-piercing", "Splinter"; to open fire from a machine gun at the beginning of the command is indicated: "Machine gun". According to these commands, the coaxial machine gun gun is loaded.
2. Target designation.
3. Distance to the target in meters. For example: "1600", "800", "1200".

5. The moment of opening fire - indicated by the word "fire".
In the command to open fire from an automatic grenade launcher, the platoon leader indicates:
1. Who to fire. For example: "Platoon", "First squad".
2. Purpose. For example: “According to the mortar battery”, “According to the ATGM”.
3. Sight, goniometer. For example: “Sight 10-15, goniometer 30-00”, “Seven on the grid”.
4. Shooting method. For example: “On the go”, “From the spot”, from a short stop - “Short”.
5. Aiming point (aiming) for each squad. For example: “To the first one aim at the mortar near the bush, to the second - to the right of 0-50, to the third - to the left
0-50"; "Point into the corner of the trench."
6. Method of shooting, rate of fire. For example: "With dispersion along the front of the target, the pace is maximum."
7. Number of shots (ammunition consumption). For example: "Expense - 15", "Expense - 10".
8. Queue length. For example: "Short", "Long".
9. The moment of opening fire - indicated by the word "fire".
Sometimes the platoon commander controls the fire of regular and attached subunits by setting fire missions; while he points out:
1. Which unit (whom) is assigned a fire mission.
2. Name and location of the target (target designation).
3. Type of fire to hit the target (“destroy”,
"suppress", "prohibit").
The choice of the type of weapon that can most effectively accomplish a fire mission (with the least amount of ammunition and in the shortest possible time) depends primarily on the importance of the target, its nature, remoteness and vulnerability.
The fire of tank guns is used to fight tanks, self-propelled artillery mounts and other armored targets, to destroy defensive structures, to suppress and destroy enemy artillery and manpower.
Platoon small arms are used to destroy enemy manpower with concentrated fire at a distance of up to 800 m. PK and P.KT machine guns are used to destroy enemy manpower and fire weapons at a distance of up to! 000 m. can destroy manpower and firepower of the enemy at a distance of up to 2000 m.
The commander of a tank platoon in battle has to decide on the most expedient choice of ammunition for hitting a target, in accordance with the presence of shells in the ammunition load. At the same time, it should be remembered that HEAT shells are used for firing at tanks at medium and short ranges (for example, from ambushes); sub-caliber shells - against tanks and all fast-moving armored targets, starting from the maximum firing ranges; high-explosive fragmentation grenades - for armored personnel carriers and manpower with the installation of a fuse for fragmentation action and for high-explosive or delayed action when firing to destroy dugouts, long-term firing structures (DZOS, DOS), brick buildings, etc.
Skillful target designation in combat is one of the most important conditions for timely fire control by a platoon (squad, tank) commander. In motorized rifle and tank platoons (squad, tank) it is carried out from landmarks (local objects) and from the direction of movement (attack) with tracer bullets and shells, shell bursts and signal means, as well as by pointing devices at the target.
Target designation between infantry fighting vehicles and tanks, as well as between platoons (squads, tanks) is carried out mainly from landmarks (local items) with tracer bullets and shells.
Inside an infantry fighting vehicle (armored personnel carrier) and a tank, target designation between members of the landing force (crew) is usually carried out from landmarks \ "(local objects), pointing weapons at the target or from the direction of movement.
When targeting, the following sequence is usually observed:
- the position of the target is indicated (from the landmark or from the direction of movement);
- the name of the target is given, characteristics targets or terrain;
- the task is set - to clarify the actions of the target, observe, etc. For example: "Landmark 2, to the right 50, closer than 100, ATGM near the green hillock" or "Angle of the grove, to the right 10, further 150 - black forges, to the left 20 - machine gun" .
Fire on air targets is carried out in two ways: barrage and accompanying fire.
In the command for firing, the platoon leader indicates:
1. To whom to fire (subdivision).
2. Over what local object (landmark) to fire.
3. How to fire.
4. The moment of opening fire.
For example: "Squad - over the bridge, barrage - fire", "Squad - a helicopter over the grove, three, five figures to the left, long - fire."
Shooting at a fast-moving aerial target requires known skill and knowledge of the rules of fire. You need to know what lead to take when firing at one or another type of aircraft (helicopter). When the aircraft is flying at low altitude, it is in the firing zone for a matter of seconds. That's why very
it is important that each soldier instantly take aim and open fire on the plane (helicopter), no matter how sudden his appearance may be.
The constant readiness of all means to open fire on air targets is the basis of a platoon's air defense, no matter what conditions it finds itself in. Therefore, it is necessary that well-trained observers are constantly on duty in the platoon and squads (tanks), who promptly notify of the approach of enemy aircraft (helicopters).
The platoon commander is obliged to organize the matter in such a way as to provide a powerful fire impact both on the air and on the ground enemy, solving these two tasks as one. When the situation requires it, boldly direct the bulk of the fire at the aircraft (helicopters), so that, having repelled their raid, again fall upon the ground enemy with all their might.
Fire control does not end with the command to open fire. Errors in the preparation of the initial data lead to the need to correct the fire, i.e., to amend the initial settings to ensure effective shooting to hit the target. Therefore, shooters, commanders and crews of fire weapons (crews of infantry fighting vehicles, tanks) must monitor the results of firing in order to correct the fire and determine the degree of destruction of the target. .
The defeat of the target is evaluated by visible results: the target stopped moving or the DZOS was destroyed, the weapon was destroyed, the target was ignited.
Fire maneuver is the most important component of fire control. With the help of a fire maneuver, fire superiority is achieved on a chosen target at a given moment in the battle. It consists in concentrating the fire of a platoon (squad) on one important target, timely transfer of fire from one target to another, and firing by a platoon simultaneously on several targets.
Concentrated fire is used on an important target (group of targets) to destroy it with high-density fire in a short period of time. It is prepared in sections of the terrain on the paths of the probable movement of the enemy.
Fire transfer is used when a target is hit and another target needs to be hit, or a more important target needs to be hit.
The distribution (dispersal) of fire is a form of fire maneuver when a platoon (squad) simultaneously fires at several separate targets.
One of the duties of a platoon (squad, tank) commander to ensure organized and effective fire in battle is to control the consumption of ammunition. Commanders must constantly monitor the availability of ammunition in the subdivisions and take measures to replenish them.

I approve

Head of the military department of KazHJUIU

Colonel A.Konovalov

---------------------- 201.

PLAN

conducting a TACTICAL TRAINING lesson with students.

Topic number 9. Department management

Purpose of the lesson:

1. Reveal general concepts on departmental management.

2. Bring the order and content of the commander's work in organizing the battle

and control of the unit during the battle.

3. Cultivate independence, readiness to solve problems in conditions

difficult environment.

Method: lecture

Time: 2 hours

Lesson place: classroom

Teaching aids and literature:

1. PBP SV AF RK part 3 pp. 247-257, PBP SV AF RK part 2 pp. 361-383

2. Textbook "Tactics of the squad, tank, motorized rifle and tank platoon."

Astana 2002, pp. 8-31.

3. The text of the lecture on topic No. 7

4. Tutorial"Tactics" by V.G. Reznichenko. M., Military Publishing, 1988

material support:

1. One of the available technical training tools: interactive

blackboard or computer with digital projector and screen.

2. Stands, posters, schemes. Handout with diagrams and drawings.

Study questions and approximate time allocation

STUDY PROCESS

1. Introduction: I accept the report of the platoon commander on readiness for the lesson, check the presence of students and their appearance, announce the topic and objectives of the lesson, convey to the students the importance of this topic and proceed to work out the training issues.

2. Main body:

Question number 1.

GENERAL CONCEPT OF UNIT CONTROL IN BATTLE . SPECIFICITY OF UNIT CONTROL IN BATTLE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR IT .

MANAGEMENT BASICS

Management is:

In the purposeful activities of commanders to maintain high combat readiness of units,

Prepare them for battle

And guide them in the performance of their tasks,

And also in the timely implementation of measures that ensure the organization and conduct of the battle.

The highly maneuverable nature of combined arms combat, the continuous increase in the technical equipment of the troops, which entailed increase in the volume of tasks decided by the commander both during the organization and during the battle, have a significant impact on the conditions, content and methods of managing departments.

In the context of the widespread use of nuclear and modern systems of conventional weapons, as well as electronic warfare, very stringent requirements are imposed on command and control of subunits.

First of all, it must be:

Resistant to various means of destruction

the enemy, as well as his means of electronic warfare,

Continuous

solid ,

Operational and secretive

Particularly high efficiency is necessary for the commander of a platoon (squad, tank) when performing tasks in reconnaissance and marching security; the slightest delay of the commander in issuing commands in the event of a sudden encounter with the enemy can lead to grave consequences.

The foundation on which the administration building is being erected is the scientific prediction of the upcoming battle. Here it is appropriate to recall the statements about the foresight of General of the Army P.I. Batov: -Front-line commanders know how much thoughts crowd when you look at the area of ​​the upcoming battle for the last time. Like any creation of the hands and will of people, the battle is carried out twice - first in thoughts, and then in reality. “He (the commander - P.B.) must, by the power of fantasy, straining the acuteness of the sense of foresight, survive this first mental battle, the details of which are sometimes imprinted in memory, like frames on a photographic film.” / Batov P, I. In campaigns and battles. M., 1966. S. 200./.

Thus, the commander's foresight and forethought play an exceptionally important role in directing subunits in combat.

Of course, you cannot foresee all the options and they cannot be turned into a template. But if we creatively foresee the development of modern combined-arms combat, then precisely along the path of detailed development of its possible options and must be followed. This will ensure the stability and continuity of platoon control in combat.

Question number 2.

THE ROLE OF THE COMMANDER IN THE MANAGEMENT OF UNIT. MEANS AND MANAGEMENT METHODS.

Commander - organizer of the battle. His will, expressed in orders, directives, commands, sets the units in motion, gives them the most advantageous battle order, directs their joint efforts to achieve victory over the enemy.

As a rule, the platoon commander organizes the following:

- on the ground,

And if this is not possible - in the original area on the map or on the layout of the area. In this case, the combat missions of the squads (tanks) and attached assets are specified by the platoon commander on the ground during their advance to the line of transition to the attack.

The management of a subunit in combat is based on the commander's firm conviction that his subordinates are capable of successfully completing the assigned task. Such confidence comes from the level of training, initiative and creativity of each soldier, sergeant, officer individually and their high personal responsibility for the performance of a combat mission.

While trusting the squad (tank) commanders, the platoon commander at the same time, possessing knowledge and experience, constantly monitors (supervises) the progress of preparation of subunits for combat and, if necessary, must provide them with assistance at any time.

The commander of a motorized rifle (tank) platoon controls the platoon:

- on the radio

- teams, submitted voice and signal means ,

And sometimes actions according to principle "Do what I ».

Inside the combat vehicle the commander of a platoon, squad (tank) controls the actions of subordinates:

- teams submitted by intercom ,

And established signals .

Communication must be organized so that

firstly, it was uninterrupted and reliable and,

secondly, it provided a quick and covert report of decisions and the transmission of orders, instructions, and signals.

fixed assets visual signaling are:

Signal, lighting cartridges,

smoke bombs,

hand smoke grenades,

Illumination and smoke shells and mines,

Flags, lights.

The order of designation of the forward edge, the reached lines and their location, signals of mutual identification (at night), as well as identification of their units by aviation, are established by the higher commander and brought to the commanders of units and personnel when setting tasks.

When operating on foot infantry platoon leader dismounts and stays behind the platoon chain (at a distance of up to 50 m) in a place where it is more convenient to see his platoon and control it.

Part-commander moves directly into the chain.

In combat vehicles remain:

Mechanics-drivers (drivers),

Gunners-operators (gunners)

And deputy platoon leader ,

through which the platoon commander controls the fire and movement of combat vehicles.

In defense, the commander of a motorized rifle platoon is on the command and observation post (CNP) , which is equipped during the message, or in an infantry fighting vehicle (armored personnel carrier) in a place from where the best observation of the terrain, the enemy, the actions of his subordinates and neighbors is ensured, as well as continuous control of the platoon. Together with the platoon commander there are liaison officers from the squads, they also perform the duties of observers.

Accommodation KNP company (battalion) must ensure reliable communication with subordinate and cooperating units, regiment (battalion) headquarters, neighbors and within the KNP, covert placement and protection of personnel and controls from weapons of mass destruction, air strikes and high-precision weapons, as well as continuous control of units in any situation .

The command and observation post of a company (battalion) is usually deployed in the direction of concentration of the main efforts of the battalion, away from landmarks that stand out from the enemy, taking into account the protective and camouflaging properties of the terrain. The place and time of deployment, the order of movement of the KNP company (battalion) are determined in the order.

The command and observation post of a company (battalion) should not be far away from the subunits, especially when advancing at night. The commander must observe the battlefield, receive timely reports on the situation and immediately respond to its changes.

According to the experience of the Great Patriotic War and exercises, the command and observation post of the battalion from the units of the first echelon in the offensive was usually located at a distance of up to 300 m, companies - up to 200 m, in defense, respectively - up to 1.5 km and up to 500 m.

The composition of the KNP mouth usually includes:

Company commander,

Deputy company commander for educational work,

senior technician,

Sergeant Major,

Medical instructor.

From the technical means of the BMP company commander.

In each R-123M (R-173) rotary radio station, the companies installed on all BMPs (armored personnel carriers) are included in radio network battalion commander .

Only the following are allowed to enter:

battalion commander,

Battalion Chief of Staff,

Deputy battalion commanders

Commanders of motorized rifle companies,

mortar battery commander

Commanders of grenade launchers, anti-aircraft missiles, platoons and support platoons,

As well as attached and supporting units,

And motorized rifle platoons performing combat missions separately from motorized rifle companies in the interests of the entire battalion (combat guard, head patrol, guard guard, combat reconnaissance patrol, etc.).

To control platoons when the company commander is outside the BMP (armored personnel carriers), as well as to communicate with motorized rifle platoons operating on foot a radio network is being created company commander on portable radio stations R-148 (R-158).

In a defensive battle, the radio stations of attached tanks located in the stronghold of the company can be included in the radio network motorized rifle company. Other units assigned to the company are included in the same radio network.

Artillery unit commander attached to or supporting the company, as a rule, is located with the company commander. During the movement of command and observation posts, communication between them is maintained by connecting the radio network of the commander of the attached or supporting unit to the radio network of the company commander.

To ensure control in a motorized rifle battalion available communications platoon, which includes:

- 2 command vehicles BMP-1K (BTR-80-1K), battalion commander and battalion chief of staff, respectively.

- one radio department.

Commander's infantry fighting vehicles are designed to provide the battalion commander with control over subordinate and attached units and for communication with the commander (headquarters) of the regiment, commanders (headquarters) of interacting units.

BMP-1K command vehicle included there are

Two radio stations R-123 (R-173)

Telephone set TA-57,

Tank intercom R-124 for five subscribers,

ASh-4 antennas and a combined whip antenna on an 11-meter mast

AT radio department available by state:

Eight radio stations R-107M (R-159);

15 radio stations R-148 (R-158);

Telephone switch P-193M;

8 km of P-274 field telephone cable;

15 telephone sets TA-57

BTR-80 communications platoon commander.

radio stations.

Low-power ultrashortwave R-123M (R-173), installed on armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, tanks and maintenance vehicles, is designed to maintain telephone communication between armored objects and ensuring the control of units in the conduct of hostilities on combat vehicles.

Radio stations R-107M (R-159), R-148 (158), R-147 (R-157), ultra-shortwave portable, have devices for installation on vehicles and serve to provide radiotelephone communications between units.

The company commander is responsible for organizing communications.

When working at a radio station, you must strictly follow the rules of negotiation. In a platoon, all commands in combat are transmitted over the radio in clear text. When transmitting commands, units are called by call sign, and points of the terrain are indicated from landmarks and by conventional names.

38. Management of units (personnel) consists in the purposeful activity of the commander to maintain them in constant combat readiness, training units (personnel, weapons and military equipment) to combat (completion of the task received) and to guide them in the performance of tasks.

Management must be stable, uninterrupted, operational and covert, ensure the constant combat readiness of subunits, the effective use of their combat capabilities and the successful fulfillment of assigned tasks on time and in any situation.

The stability of management is achieved by: correct understanding of the task set by the senior boss; persistent implementation of the decisions made; skillful organization of work on means of communication; maintaining stable communication with the senior boss, with subordinate and interacting units.

Continuity of management is achieved by: constant knowledge and comprehensive assessment of the current situation; timely decision-making and clear assignment of tasks to subordinates; skillful use of communications; restoration of impaired control in the shortest possible time.

Efficiency of management is achieved by: quick response to changes in the situation; timely influence on the actions of units in the interests of fulfilling the assigned tasks.

Secrecy of control is achieved by: covert placement and movement of the command and observation post (commander in battle order); strict observance of the rules and procedures for the use of communication facilities, the established modes of their operation and radio masking measures; education of personnel in the spirit of high vigilance.

Control of subunits (fire weapons, personnel) is organized and carried out on the basis of the decision of the commander.

39. The commander of a platoon (squad) manages units (personnel, crews) by radio, voice commands, signal means, and personal example. Inside the combat vehicle, the commander controls the actions of his subordinates by commands given through the intercom, by voice or by set signals.

In defense, a command and observation post is created in a motorized rifle (grenade launcher, anti-tank) platoon, which is deployed in the combat order of the subunit in such a way as to ensure its protection from small arms and mortar fire, the best observation of the enemy, the actions of his subordinates, neighbors and the terrain, as well as continuous platoon control.

In an offensive, when a motorized rifle platoon operates on foot, the platoon (squad) commander is located in a place that provides effective management units (subordinates) and fire.

To control subunits and fire, the senior commander establishes uniform control signals.

40. When working at radio stations, the rules of negotiation are strictly observed. In combat, all commands are transmitted by radio using a speech masker or in clear text. When sending commands in plain text, commanders of squads (tanks) are called by call signs, points of the terrain are indicated from landmarks and conditional names, and executive commands are indicated by established signals. When the enemy creates radio interference, the radio stations, at the command of the company (platoon) commander, are tuned to spare frequencies.

To transmit pre-established signals, signaling means are used: signal flares, flags, electric lights, searchlights of military vehicles, tracer bullets (shells) and various sound means (electric and pneumatic signals, whistles, etc.). Signals can be given with weapons, headgear and hands.

Units should only follow the signals of their immediate commander and circular warning signals. They are served until a response (review) is received or the command (signal) starts to be executed.

When managing subunits (subordinate) signals, it must be remembered that signal means unmask the location of the commander.

Notification of personnel about an air enemy, an immediate threat and the beginning of the enemy's use of weapons of mass destruction, as well as about radioactive, chemical and biological contamination is carried out by uniform and permanent signals.

• 41. Fire control is the most important duty of a platoon (squad, tank) commander. It includes: reconnaissance of ground and air targets, assessment of their importance and determination of the order of destruction; choice of the type of weapon and ammunition, type and method of firing (shooting); target designation, issuing commands to open fire or setting fire missions; monitoring the results of the fire and its correction; ammunition control.
• 42. For fire control, the senior commander assigns uniform landmarks and signals. They are not allowed to be replaced. If necessary, the platoon commander can additionally assign his own landmarks at a rate of not more than five (on the direction of operations of the squads, the boundaries of the zone and the additional sector of fire). When reporting to the senior boss and maintaining interaction, only the guidelines indicated by him are used.

Highly visible local objects are chosen as landmarks. When using night sights, local objects with a high reflectivity within the range of the sights are selected as reference points. Landmarks are numbered from right to left and along the lines from oneself towards the enemy, and when organizing defense in a fortified area, they can be numbered from oneself in a clockwise spiral. One of them is designated as the main one. In addition to landmarks, well-visible local objects can be used to control fire.

• 43. Reconnaissance of ground and air targets must ensure the detection of the enemy in front of the front and on the flanks of a platoon (squad, tank, weapon), and when performing tasks independently, in a circular sector. Target reconnaissance is conducted by all personnel of a platoon (squad, tank, crew) in designated sectors.
• 44. Assessing the importance of targets consists in determining enemy targets that can have the greatest impact on the progress of a combat mission by a subunit. The sequence of their defeat is determined by the unit commander, based on an assessment of the importance of the targets. First of all, anti-tank weapons, machine gun and mortar crews, snipers, artillery spotters, aircraft gunners, control vehicles and commanders of enemy units are destroyed. The choice of means of destruction should ensure the destruction of reconnoitered targets.
• 45. When setting (specifying) fire missions, commanders indicate: to whom (which unit), where (target designation), what (target name) and the fire mission (destruction, suppression, destruction, or other).

Target designation can be carried out from landmarks (local objects) and from the direction of movement (attack), along the azimuth indicator, tracer bullets and shells, from shell bursts, signaling means, as well as pointing instruments and weapons at the target.

Correction of fire is carried out from the location of the target, landmarks (local objects) and shell explosions, indicating the magnitude of the deviation in range and direction.

46. ​​The call and correction of supporting artillery fire is carried out, as a rule, through artillery commanders (spotters), and in their absence, personally by the platoon commander. When calling for fire, the platoon leader indicates: the nature and location (number) of the target; shooting task (suppress, destroy, destroy, illuminate, smoke); the timing of the fire mission, and when adjusting the fire - the nature and location (number) of the target; the magnitude of the deviation in range and direction.

Target designation for helicopter (aircraft) crews is usually carried out by order of the senior commander by designating the target location with small arms fire, armament of combat vehicles, tracer bullets (shells), and flares. The task of designating the target location is set in the same way as the fire task, indicating the time of opening fire.

When supporting a platoon (squad, tank) battle with artillery fire, air strikes or other means of destruction, the commander is obliged to indicate the line of safe removal from explosions of his shells (rockets, mines).

The basics of the commander's work in preparing for the battle (performing the assigned task) and in the course of it

• 47. Preparation of the battle (performance of the received task) includes: its organization; preparation of a platoon (personnel of the squad (crew), weapons and military equipment) for combat (performance of the assigned task); practical work of the commander in the units (work to control the fulfillment of assigned tasks and provide assistance) and other activities.
• 48. The work of the platoon commander in preparing the battle (completion of the task received), as a rule, begins after orientation about the combat task received by the battalion (company) and instructions from the senior commander on the implementation of measures that must be taken immediately. On the basis of orientation and received instructions, the platoon commander sets tasks for the preparation of personnel, weapons and military equipment for the upcoming actions. At the same time, he indicates to the commanders of regular and attached units: what actions to be prepared for; terms, volume and procedure for the preparation of weapons and military equipment; time, place and procedure for replenishment of stocks of missiles, ammunition and other materiel; the procedure for refueling vehicles with fuel and lubricants; the location of the ammunition supply point and the medical post of the battalion (the ammunition supply point and the medical post of the company).

Organizing the implementation of the instructions of the platoon commander, the squad (tank) commander indicates: the timing and procedure for the preparation of weapons and military equipment; the time and procedure for replenishing stocks of missiles and ammunition, water supplies and other materiel; the location of the ammunition supply point and the medical post of the Company and other issues. The crew of the combat vehicle is additionally indicated: type and scope of maintenance; measures to improve security and patency; time and order of refueling; location of the filling station.

• 49. The organization of the combat (performance of the assigned task) of a platoon (squad, tank) begins with the receipt of a combat task and includes: making a decision; conducting reconnaissance (if necessary); setting combat missions; organization of interaction, comprehensive support and management. It is carried out, as a rule, on the ground, and if this is not possible, on a map (scheme) or on a layout of the area. In this case, the combat missions of the squads (tanks, personnel) and attached assets are specified by the subunit commander on the ground in the course of their taking up positions (advancing them to the line of transition to the attack).
• 50. The decision to fight (fulfillment of the assigned task) is made by the platoon (squad, tank) commander solely on the basis of understanding the task and assessing the situation.

Understanding the task, the commander must understand: the purpose of the upcoming actions; tasks of the battalion (company) and platoon (platoon and squad (tank); the plan of the senior commander (especially the methods of defeating the enemy); landmarks assigned to him; what objects (targets) in the direction of the platoon (squad, tank) are affected by the means of senior commanders; tasks of neighbors , conditions of interaction with them, signals of control, interaction and notification and the procedure for actions on them, as well as the time of readiness to complete the task Based on the understanding of the task, the platoon commander calculates the time for preparing the battle (performing the received task).

The assessment of the situation is carried out taking into account the forecast of its development during the preparation and in the course of performing the assigned task. It consists in the study and analysis of the factors and conditions affecting its implementation, and includes: assessment of the enemy; assessment of subordinate units (fire weapons) and neighbors; assessment of the terrain, weather conditions, time of year, day and other factors affecting the performance of the task.

As a result of understanding the assigned task and assessing the situation, the commander determines the main stages of its implementation, the main content of which is tactical tasks.

In the decision, the commander of a platoon (squad, tank) determines: the plan of the battle (performing the task received); tasks for elements of the battle formation (subdivisions, fire weapons, personnel); the main issues of interaction, comprehensive support and management. The basis of the decision is the idea.

When developing a plan, the commander must, by stages of accomplishing the assigned task, determine: the sequence and methods of actions, indicating the procedure for destroying (engaging) the enemy by fire from subunits (personnel), standard and attached fire weapons; distribution of forces and means (building a combat (marching) order); ensuring secrecy in the preparation and execution of the received task.

In the tasks of the elements of the combat order (subunits, fire weapons, personnel), the commander determines their combat composition, tasks to be performed, directions of action, assigned positions, and other issues.

In the main issues of interaction, tasks are defined for which it is necessary to coordinate the efforts of the elements of the combat order (subunits, fire weapons, personnel) among themselves, with neighbors, as well as with the forces and means of the senior commander performing tasks in the interests of the platoon (squad, tank).

In the main issues of comprehensive support, the main measures for combat support and the procedure for the implementation of measures for moral, psychological, technical and logistic support, the sequence and timing of their implementation, the forces and means involved.

In the main issues of control, the following are determined (specified): the places and time of deployment of the command and observation post (the place of the commander in battle order); the procedure for using means of communication in the preparation and in the course of performing the task received; the procedure for bringing to the subordinate signals of control, interaction, notification, identification and transfer of control.

• 51. Reconnaissance consists in a visual study of the enemy and the terrain in order to clarify the decision made. It is carried out by the platoon commander with the involvement of subordinate commanders, and in some cases, driver-mechanics (drivers) and gunners of combat vehicles.
• 52. The assignment of combat missions to subordinate and supporting subunits (fire weapons, personnel) is carried out by issuing combat orders and instructions on the types of comprehensive support personally by the commander orally and by technical means of communication. Assignment of tasks, as a rule, is carried out on the ground.

In the combat order, the platoon (squad, tank) commander indicates:

in the first paragraph - landmarks;

in the second paragraph - brief conclusions from the assessment of the enemy;

in the third paragraph - the combat composition, tasks of the senior commander and platoon (squad, tank) with specification of the number of missiles and ammunition allocated for the battle;

in the fourth paragraph - the tasks performed in the interests of the unit by the forces and means of the senior commander;

in the fifth paragraph - the tasks of neighbors and interacting units;

in the sixth paragraph after the word "I order" - combat missions for elements of the battle order (subdivisions, fire weapons, personnel) with clarification of their combat strength;

in the seventh paragraph - the timing of the implementation of measures to prepare for the battle (fulfillment of the task received) and the time of readiness;

in the eighth paragraph - his place and deputy.

• 53. The commander of a motorized rifle (grenade launcher, anti-tank) platoon organizes interaction, comprehensive support and control with the involvement of commanders of full-time and attached units, and the commander of a tank platoon - with all personnel.
• 54. Interaction is organized according to the stages of the implementation of the received task, areas of action, boundaries and time. In the course of its organization, notification signals, interaction, control and the procedure for acting on them, as well as identification signals and methods of target designation and fire adjustment are brought to the attention of subordinates. If there is time, the order and methods of joint actions are practically worked out with subunits (personnel).

As a result of the organization of interaction, the commander must achieve a common understanding by the commanders of regular and attached subunits (fire weapons) of the assigned task and methods for its implementation, knowledge of warning signals, interaction, control and the procedure for actions by all personnel.

• 55. The organization of comprehensive support includes the organization of combat support and the organization of the implementation of measures for moral, psychological, technical, logistic support. In the instructions, the platoon (squad, tank) commander determines: the main measures of the type of comprehensive support, the time, place and procedure for their implementation, the forces and means involved, as well as the tasks of the units (personnel).
• 56. Organizing control, the commander of a platoon (squad, tank) brings (specifies) radio data and the procedure for using communications equipment, determines the procedure for monitoring the signals of the senior commander.
• 57. Preparation of a platoon (personnel, weapons and military equipment) for the performance of the assigned task includes: additional staffing, weapons and military equipment; replenishment of the stock of missiles, ammunition and other materiel up to the established norms; refueling vehicles with fuel, lubricants and coolant; maintenance and preparation for the use (combat use) of weapons and military equipment; preparation of initial data for shooting and other activities. If necessary, events can be organized and carried out to coordinate subunits and combat groups, as well as exercises with personnel in relation to the nature of the forthcoming actions.
• 58. During practical work the platoon commander must hear and clarify the decisions of subordinates (if necessary), the tasks solved in their interests by the forces and means of the senior commander, and also make sure that the battle (performance of the task received) is fully prepared and the units (personnel, weapons and military equipment) are ready to the fulfillment of their assigned tasks.

In the course of work, the platoon leader must check the knowledge of all personnel of the opposing enemy; their tasks, methods and sequence of their implementation; order of interaction; control signals, interaction, notification, identification and the procedure for actions on them; the quality of preparation of weapons, weapons and military equipment for use (combat use); the equipment of the personnel, their provision with ammunition and other materiel, their knowledge of consumption rates, the size of the emergency reserve and the procedure for replenishing ammunition in the course of performing the assigned task.

In the course of work, the platoon commander identifies existing problems, assists subordinates in eliminating the identified shortcomings, concentrating the main efforts on the fulfillment by subordinate commanders of measures to prepare for the battle (completion of the task received) in full.

If subordinates, weapons and military equipment are not ready to perform the assigned task, the commander is obliged to immediately report this to the senior commander.

59. The management of a platoon (squad, tank) in the performance of assigned tasks consists in monitoring the results of actions and fire, clarifying the decision made on the current situation (techniques and methods for performing the assigned task), setting (clarifying) tasks for subunits (subordinates) and fire weapons.

Reporting to the senior commander and informing neighbors about the situation are the most important duties of the platoon (squad, tank) commander in the performance of the assigned task. The report to the senior chief indicates: where and what task the unit performs; the position of the neighbors; composition and nature of enemy actions.

The commander of a platoon (squad, tank) immediately reports to the senior commander: about a sudden attack by the enemy or his appearance where he was not expected; about the detected barriers and zones of contamination; capture of prisoners, documents, weapons and equipment of the enemy; the use by the enemy of new means of armed struggle and methods of action; a sharp change in the actions of the enemy (sudden retreat, transition to defense, counterattack) and the position of neighbors, as well as the loss of interaction with them; every decision taken on its own initiative in connection with a change in the situation.

Covert command and control (SUV)- a set of measures to keep secret from the enemy information used in the leadership of troops (forces) in peacetime and wartime.

For this, it is envisaged: personal transfer of especially secret information to subordinates; use of classified communications equipment; encryption of secret documents; coding of secret and official information transmitted via open communication channels; application of single-use control signals; carrying out technical and organizational measures to protect information

AT modern conditions the organization of combat operations and the reliable leadership of troops are inconceivable without the widespread use of radio electronic means (RES), which are the basis of control systems and an integral part of most new types of weapons.

Working active radio-electronic means radiate electromagnetic energy, which can be detected with the help of radio receivers, and the information transmitted using RES can be intercepted.

These vulnerabilities of electronic means have led to the emergence of a special type of intelligence activity. - electronic intelligence, which is characterized by the following features:

Acts covertly, without direct contact with reconnaissance targets; as a rule, it is difficult for the enemy to establish the fact of its conduct;

It covers large distances and spaces, the limits of which are limited only by the characteristics of the propagation of radio waves and the sensitivity of reconnaissance equipment; (so, according to American experts, from posts located in England, Italy, it is possible to intercept radiation that was previously considered inaccessible for radio reconnaissance at long ranges (up to 1200-2200 km) - the line Murmansk, Leningrad, Moscow, Volgograd, Tbilisi and in the autumn-winter period at a distance of up to 3000-4000 km - the line of Dikson Island, Khanty-Mansiysk, Kzyl-Orda;

It can function continuously, at any time of the year, day and night and in any weather;

Provides obtaining in a short time, most often in real time, a large amount of information of a different nature;

Low-vulnerability and in many cases inaccessible to the enemy.

The most important electronic intelligence targets include:

Active means of radio communication used in all branches of the Armed Forces;

Automated control systems for troops and weapons, as well as control systems for space objects;

Technical means of storing, processing and transmitting information, the operation of which is accompanied by side electromagnetic radiation;

Telemetric information transmission systems;

Radio navigation systems used in maritime, air and space navigation;

Radar stations (nodes, complexes) of all systems and purposes.

The most important types of electronic intelligence are radio intelligence and electronic intelligence.

Radio reconnaissance is aimed at detecting and intercepting open and encrypted transmissions of communication radio stations of the opposite side, analyzing and processing intercepted messages, and determining the location of radiation sources by finding them.

When intercepting, radio intelligence, in addition to the texts of radio programs and negotiations, are also interested in other details, such as, for example, the call signs of radio stations and officials, addresses and passwords, code and service phrases of radio operators, technical features and characteristics of intercepted radio electronic devices, individual "handwriting" of the personnel serving the radio equipment. The accumulation, generalization and analysis of these data make it possible to open the enemy's radio communication system, determine how many and which units and subunits are operating in the reconnaissance zone, establish launchers, the degree of enemy activity in certain areas, etc.

Electronic intelligence, using the same methods of radio reception, direction finding and analysis of radio signals as radio intelligence, is engaged in the detection and recognition of radar stations, radio navigation and radio telecode systems.

It allows you to identify the location of radio-electronic means, determine their tactical and technical characteristics, coverage areas, purpose, and on this basis open enemy air and missile defense systems, missile launch sites, airfields and other important objects. Leading states attach great importance to radio and electronic intelligence.

Methods of electronic intelligence, methods of analysis and processing of interception materials are constantly being improved. At stations for intercepting radio and radio relay communication lines for selective reception and recording on magnetic tape useful information at present, channel-search selectors are used, which provide a total viewing of all telephone and telegraph channels and recording only those programs where “key words” pre-stored in memory are encountered. As " keywords» telephone numbers and names of officials, call signs of radio networks and numbers of military units are used.

Modern means make it possible to conduct electronic reconnaissance not only by ground, sea, air and space means, but also use every opportunity to send their agents equipped with special equipment for electronic espionage into our country. Microminiature technical means make it possible to carry out reconnaissance with devices mounted in eyeglasses, pens, buttons, lighters, cufflinks, watches, cigarette cases, bracelets, etc.

Ground tactical radio and electronic intelligence in the US troops is carried out by the National Security Agency (NSA), electronic warfare battalions (corps and army), and separate electronic intelligence units. So, for example, in the zone of a division operating in the main offensive direction of an army operation, one can expect a security service company and an electronic warfare company from the EW corps battalion. These companies are attached to the US Army Infantry Division. It can deploy:

1. Radio intelligence posts:

4 HF (0.5-0.32 MHz) and 12 VHF (0.1-60 MHz) radio interception posts;

4 radio direction finding posts (0.1-60 MHz).

2. Radio interference posts:

4KV (1.5-20MHz):

4 VHF (20-230 MHz) and 7 ground, 3 aircraft multi-purpose jamming radio stations.

With these forces and means, the enemy can monitor 12-16 (50%) HF, 36-48 (21%) VHF radio networks and suppress or hinder the work of 4-8 (30%) HF and 14-48 (20%) VHF radio networks divisions. In a motorized rifle (tank) division, 25 HF, 170 VHF radio networks and 10 radio relay communication lines are organized. If the necessary protective measures are not provided, then the main radio networks of the division can be completely reconnoitered and suppressed by the enemy.

The increased possibilities of interception of various information by enemy intelligence oblige all officials of the troops and headquarters to pay constant attention to covert command and control of troops.

Lecture
by academic discipline
"Management of Units in Peacetime"
Topic: 1 "Structure and management system
units in the Armed Forces
Russian Federation"

Learning goals:
1. Familiarize students with the basics of social management,
structure and management system of departments in
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
2.
To study the methodological foundations and approaches to management,
the main stages of the management process.
educational goal:
To educate and develop in students professionally important
qualities needed by future officers, a sense of pride in
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Study questions:
1. Fundamentals of social management. Structure and system
management of units in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
2. Methodological bases and approaches to management. Main
stages of the local management process.

Literature:
1. General Military Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Moscow: Military Publishing, 2007.
2. Management of units in peacetime.
Textbook. Moscow: Golden Bee, 2007.
3. Reznichenko V.G. Tactics. 2nd ed. M.: Military Publishing, 1987.

Question 1. Fundamentals of social management. The structure and management system of units in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

MANAGEMENT is a special kind of activity,
transforming an unorganized crowd into
effective and focused group.
Managed (in the social sphere) in the very
the general meaning of this word is
organized human activity or
group of people to achieve
a certain team of a given goal,
expressed in any quantitative and
quality indicators.

The scientific management of society is a conscious,
purposeful influence of people on society
system as a whole or for individual links,
ensuring their optimal functioning and
development through the use of objective
patterns and trends.
Among the areas of public activity where
scientific management issues are particularly acute,
belongs, of course, to the field of armed protection
Fatherland.
A special direction in multifaceted activities
states on the organization of armed protection
Fatherland is the leadership of combat and everyday
activities of the Armed Forces.

The management of the Armed Forces has many
features of the leadership of society as a whole.
When clarifying the content of scientific management
The Armed Forces should distinguish two sides of it
in relation to the Armed Forces themselves as an object
management: internal and external
The outer side of the scientific management of life and combat
activities of the army and navy aims to create in
within the available possibilities of optimal conditions,
ensuring the effective management of the Armed Forces
Forces.

These conditions include:
1) Timely and adequate supply of the army and
fleet with the most advanced weapons and military equipment,
created by the labor of the working class, teams of scientists,
engineers, designers, with sufficient funding
state defense.
2) The Armed Forces need a constant influx
a trained contingent of people capable of
terms to master military affairs. In this regard, it is especially important
education and moral and psychological
training of youth called up to the Armed Forces.
3) Successful fulfillment by the Armed Forces of the tasks of protecting
Fatherland depends on the strength of their connection with the people, on
constant and all-round support of the people.
To accomplish this task, serious
pay attention to the managerial activities of commanders and
headquarters at all levels.

In the charters and periodical military press under
management refers to the purposeful influence on
groups of people in order to organize and coordinate their
actions in the process of performing certain functions in
combat situation and in peacetime.
Last thing
represents
yourself
everyday
the activities of the troops, which consists of a number of activities
ensuring the maintenance of combat readiness in
in accordance with its requirements, and
also the life and way of life of formations, units and divisions.

The main ones include:
combat and mobilization readiness;
maintaining the statutory order and high military
disciplines;
military service;
educational work;
conducting military economy;
maintenance of weapons and equipment in good condition;
improvement of educational material base;
financial, medical and household support.
Each of the terms includes specific tasks,
performed in a specific sequence. All of them
require direct guidance from
commanders and their subordinates.

Hence the essence of management is continuous,
purposeful work of commanders, staffs, chiefs
military branches and services for the qualitative performance of tasks,
solved by formations, units and subunits.
Practical
meaning
given
definitions
is driven by three factors:
The first - final goal day to day management
activities - maintaining combat and mobilization
troop readiness.
The second - takes part in solving the assigned tasks
a large group of government officials,
assigned by the commander (chief).
Third - managerial activity wears a collective
character, so it comes to the fore
organizational side.

The inner side of the problem of managing the Armed Forces
Forces will contribute with its content tasks related to
achievement of the corresponding qualitative state
the Armed Forces themselves, determined by their training,
discipline,
combat readiness
and
combat readiness.
Commanders are faced with the task of teaching the young
warriors to master these weapons to perfection and combat
technology, prepare them to perform the most difficult
tasks for the defense of the Fatherland.
Thus, the essence of departmental management,
parts and ultimately all the Armed Forces in
peacetime can be figuratively represented as follows.
The State and the Armed Forces are poured into a "vessel"
three main components:
1. Finance.
2. Trained people.
3. Ensuring communication between the army and the people.

As a result of the successful solution of these problems
the state requires that from the "vessel"
three main components emerged:
1. Combat and mobilization readiness
2. Training
3. Discipline,
which are essential for reliable
protection of the borders of the state.

Armed Forces with all controls, its
institutions and institutions, etc. in peaceful conditions
constantly decide on the basis of a broad and comprehensive
using evidence from science and best practice in
direct supervision by commanders at all
levels the main tasks of management:
Combat and mobilization readiness
combat training
Maintaining the statutory order and high military
disciplines
Troop service
Educational work
Management of the army
Maintenance of weapons and military equipment in good working order
able
Improving the educational and material base
Financial, medical and commercial support
personnel.

The first sign of any control is the presence
certain
structures,
organizations.
Myself
term
"Management" in Russian primarily implies that
there is a subject or an object that governs, and at the same time
there is one that is controlled.
The first is usually called the GOVERNING BODY,
the second is the OBJECT OF CONTROL.
We are talking about such actions of the object that cannot and
should not proceed spontaneously, disorganized, when
required, one or another guiding and organizing
influence on him by the governing body. But to
such an impact was feasible, between the body and
the object of control must be some
connection.
The combination of these three elements - a governing body with
its inherent technical means and methods
actions, control object and communication channels between them
called the control system.

II. Methodological bases and approaches to management. The main stages of the management process.

The department (calculation, crew) is organized in
as a subsystem in the system of a higher unit
- platoon (company), where the functions of the control body are carried out
also commander, but his control action is directed
not on soldiers, but on squad leaders. commanders
departments perform the functions of a governing body for
attitude towards subordinate soldiers and at the same time
are the object of control by the platoon commander.
Thus, in overall structure troops control on their own
form is something other than activity
commander, staff, deputy commanders, chiefs
support services for subordinate units and units
in constant combat readiness and high morale
the state of the personnel. This is the primary goal
command and control in peacetime.

Daily activities of the unit (subdivision)
is a system of carefully planned and
ongoing activities to maintain combat and
mobilization
readiness,
organizations
combat
training, service of troops, maintenance of equipment and
weapons in good condition, maintaining a military
economy, military education, maintenance of military
discipline and order at the proper level.
Ultimately, the overall goal of management
the day-to-day activities of a unit (subdivision) are
creation, within existing capabilities, optimal
conditions for the successful fulfillment of
(division) of assigned tasks.
In the management of divisions act as general
laws, and specific laws of management.

The principles of command and control are the most
general, fundamental requirements, provisions
(recommendations)
on
content,
organizations
and
management, which should be taken into account
and carried out in practice by bodies
management.
According to their purpose, the principles of management
are the link between the fundamental
basis of control theory, control laws and
management practice.
Compliance with the principles of management
effectiveness of management activities.
raises

The principles of command and control in the Armed Forces were
(formed) and tested in practice in the course of formation and
development of the Russian army, taking into account the experience of the Great Patriotic War and
post-war period.
Based general principles leadership of the Armed Forces
it is possible to formulate the following principles of daily management
activity of a part (connection):
- strict observance of the law;
- unity of command;
- personal responsibility of commanders for decisions made and
results of performance of tasks by subordinates;
- centralization of management at all levels with the provision
subordinate initiative in determining ways to perform
tasks assigned to them;
- firmness and perseverance in the implementation, decisions and plans;
- Efficiency and flexibility of management.

Principle
strict
compliance
legitimacy
is to ensure that all management issues in
everyday
activities
parts
(connections)
resolved in strict accordance with the provisions
legislation and the requirements of general military charters,
both on the part of the authorities and objects
management.

The principle of unity of command is the most important
organizational principle of troop command and control
all levels. The need for unity of command
troops is determined by the very nature of the Armed
Forces, their purpose, conditions and methods of application.
The essence of the principle of unity of command is that
the commander is endowed with full administrative
power in relation to subordinates and bears full
responsibility for all aspects of life and activity
subordinate units (divisions).

The principle of personal responsibility of commanders for
decisions made and results of implementation
tasks by subordinates is important in
management of parts (connections).
Concentrating in his hands all the power of the commander
is personally responsible to the Russian
government
per
permanent
combat
and
mobilization readiness of troops subordinate to him and
successful completion of daily tasks
activities, regardless of the quantitative composition and
the level of training of officials of management bodies,
involved in decision making. This principle
implies personal responsibility
each official for the implementation of the led
functional duties for him.

The principle of centralization of control in all
links with the provision of initiative to subordinates
in determining how to fulfill the tasks set by him
tasks reflects the essence of the principle of democratic
centralism in relation to the conditions of military
management.
Centralized control allows the commander to
short deadlines to best coordinate
day-to-day activities of subordinate units
(parts), control their solutions to problems and, in case
the need to close any instance
management. At the same time, the most widely used
competence, awareness and practical experience
commander and staff, their ability to develop and
informed decision making and consistent
putting them into practice.

The principle of firmness and perseverance in implementation,
decisions and plans are closely linked with
principle of prompt and flexible response to
situation changes. Both of these principles underlie
practical activities of the commander for leadership
subordinates. They combine, on the one hand,
striving to ensure the continued implementation
decision (plan), on the other hand, arising in
due to changes in the situation (conditions) the need
promptly make a new decision or make a clarification
into a previously adopted decision (plan) and tasks for departments
(in parts).

The principle of efficiency and flexibility of management
requires the commander to respond quickly to
anticipated or actual changes in the environment,
making the necessary clarifications, providing short
terms of redirecting the efforts of subordinates in the interests of
successful completion of their tasks.

Managing the daily activities of the troops is
First of all, people management. Therefore, hardness
and flexibility in management depends on personal qualities
commanders and officials of the governing bodies.
professional
preparation,
confidence
in
correctness of action, high demands and
proximity to people allows the commander to subdue his
the will of large teams, to mobilize them as much as possible
creative abilities, physical, intellectual and
spiritual strength for the successful fulfillment of the set
tasks.
The implementation of these principles is also impossible without
high level of organizational work, quality
planning, control, compliance with the established
secrecy regime in solving assigned tasks.

Self-study task:
1. Get acquainted with the military specialty, the requirements for
military training of a reserve officer.
2. Study the tasks of the military department and organization educational process on the
military department.
3. Get acquainted with the subject and tasks of tactics, the structure of the Armed
Forces of the Russian Federation by their composition, the appointment of military branches and special troops.
Recommended literature:
1. Federal Law “On military duty and military service» dated March 28, 1998
2. Federal Law "On Defense" dated May 31, 1996
3. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 6, 2008
4. Order of the Minister of Defense and the Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated
07/10/2009
5. Shcherbakov A.A. Fundamentals of General Tactics. Tutorial. Voronezh. VSU,