The quality assurance process usually uses economic and mathematical methods: linear, non-linear, dynamic programming, experiment design, simulation, game theory, queuing theory, scheduling theory, functional cost analysis, Taguchi method and quality function structuring method (QFK).
The Taguchi method is based on the concept of the quality loss function, which characterizes the measure of the relationship between quality and losses from its reduction. This method aims to create sustainable technological and management processes quality systems that allow you to quickly respond to changing market needs and cover the entire life cycle of the product.
The method of structuring the quality function was developed by Dr. Mitsuno (Tokyo Institute of Technology) and consists in the formation of a quality function using the "voice of buyers". Gradually, the requests of customers are embodied and the specific properties of the products. A three-dimensional matrix is built that allows you to combine the desired properties of the product with the potential capabilities of the enterprise and the potential capabilities of competing enterprises. This method indicates the shortest path to the consumer and reduces the cost of achieving the intended quality level.
When managing quality improvement, a cycle should be implemented: plan - execute - control - regulate. A methodological tool for these purposes is the Deming circular cycle, or the cycle RDCA: P- plan; D– performance of work in accordance with the plan; C - checking the compliance of the obtained result with the planned one; A - taking the necessary measures in case of deviation of the result from the planned one. After achieving certain results, this cycle is repeated, but at a higher level. The Deming circle is a management method that allows the company's management to constantly move towards achieving the main goal, obtaining important intermediate results, controlling their actions.
In product quality planning, it is widely used program-targeted approach With methods network planning with the separation of strategic and operational functions of quality management and their separate financing, the development of several situational plans (multiple planning options) to ensure a greater likelihood of their implementation in changing market conditions.
Great importance is attached methods for optimizing quality assurance work and functioning of the quality management system, which in to a large extent reduces costs. A special place in terms of the degree of use is occupied by statistical methods of quality assurance. Applied statistics methods make it possible to analyze and interpret the information received about consumer demand, violations of the quality system, the dynamics of product quality in different market segments, thereby increasing the reliability of the process of obtaining a stable level of product quality and improving the management process.
In general application statistical methods comes down to analysis, forecasting, development and implementation of solutions to quality problems. These methods are classified into three main groups: graph-analytical methods, methods for analyzing statistical populations, and economic-mathematical methods. At the advanced enterprises of Japan, the USA, the FRG, England and other countries, graph-analytical methods are used not only by engineering and technical workers, but also by workers. Using simple methods - Pareto charts, scatter plots, time series plots, stratification method, cause-and-effect diagrams, histograms and control charts, up to 95% of all quality problems can be solved.
conclusions
1. Product quality is the most important indicator of the enterprise. Quality is a set of properties and characteristics of a product or service that determine its ability to satisfy identified or implied needs.
2. Improving the quality of products to a large extent determines the survival of the enterprise in market conditions, the growth of production efficiency, saving all types of resources used in the enterprise.
3. Closely related to the concept of quality is the concept of the technical level of products based on a comparison of the values of indicators of the technical excellence of the evaluated products with the corresponding base indicators.
4. Quality management should be carried out systematically, i.e. the enterprise should have a quality management system, which is an organizational structure that clearly defines the responsibilities, procedures, processes and resources necessary for quality management.
5. An important element in the product quality management system is standardization. The main task of standardization is the creation of a system of normative and technical documentation that defines progressive requirements for products, as well as control over the correct use of this documentation.
6. The final assessment of the quality of manufacturing products is carried out through certification, which means testing products, issuing a certificate of conformity, labeling products (conformity mark) and monitoring the state of subsequent production with the help of control tests.
Terms and concepts
Product quality
Quality system
Product Competitiveness
Standard
Standardization
Certification
Questions for self-examination
1. Define the concepts of "quality" and "competitiveness of products." What is their relationship, features and differences?
2. What indicators are included in the quality scorecard?
3. What indicators characterize the competitiveness of products?
4. What are the goals and objectives of product standardization?
5. What are the features of product quality management?
6. What are the goals and objectives of product certification? What are the ways to do it?
7. What are the features of the American and Japanese quality management models?
8. What methods are used in quality management?
9. What are the tasks of product quality management in the enterprise?
At the enterprises of mechanical engineering in recent times Increasingly, there is a need to create management systems that do not comply with the fundamental ISO 9001 standard, but with improved (modernized in accordance with the requirements of the time and the specifics of a particular industry) standards for quality management systems (for example, the standards of Gazprom, Russian Railways, etc.).
Although the majority of Russian enterprises have long introduced and successfully operate a system for developing and putting products into production (SRPP), which meets the national standards of the Russian Federation, many consumers today require suppliers to implement modern systems quality management, focused on standards that take into account industry specifics (for example, the international standard ISO / TU 16949, AS 9100 and similar).
When implementing these standards, it is necessary to duplicate many procedures already existing and operating at the enterprise that implement the requirements of the SRPP standards. There is no doubt that this leads to additional irrational costs of all types of resources.
The task of reducing time, human and financial resources on the implementation of the requirements of international standards for methods and procedures for quality assurance using the experience of existing national standards of the Russian Federation is extremely relevant today.
Despite the seemingly obvious differences in the features of building production in the automotive industry and in other branches of engineering, the general feature is the widespread use of the supply of components to the main assembly plants by relatively small enterprises.
Such principles of organizing production are well developed at almost all automobile plants without exception (both domestic and foreign), they are also used for oil and gas engineering - at plants producing complex technological systems: drilling rigs, complexes for the development of offshore fields, etc. Similar examples can be found in other industries.
Due to the fact that automobiles are a product of a much wider mass demand, it is in this industry that manufacturers have had to devote Special attention creation of such quality management systems that could correspond to modern principles of production organization and, moreover, could simultaneously contribute to improving product quality. In addition, the automotive industry has established its own industry quality standards system much earlier than the need for this arose in other areas.
It is in this context that the work in the field of forming a quality management system currently being carried out at automotive enterprises is of undoubted interest. It is more than likely that, taking into account minor adjustments, the results achieved on them can be used in any machine-building plants.
It is well known that in order to show the consumer how the company monitors the quality of its products and guarantee this quality, manufacturers create quality management systems that meet the requirements of ISO 9001, ISO / TU 16949, apply the methods described there.
In Russia, there is now a tendency to move from national standards to the international standard ISO / TU 16949, which is applied to the automotive industry and organizations that produce the corresponding spare parts. Due to the fact that ISO/TS 16949 was released at the same time as the standard for quality management systems, it has much in common with the latter, but it also has its own characteristics, since ISO/TS 16949 was developed by the International Automotive Industry Task Force (IATF) and Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association registered as a corporation (JAMA) with the support of Technical Committee ISO/TC 176 Quality management and quality assurance.
Major automakers already certify or plan to certify their quality management systems to the international standard ISO/TU 16949, and require this from their suppliers. For example, representatives of the "Big Three" - DaimlerChrysler, General Motors, Ford put forward such requirements to their suppliers.
It should be noted that the implementation of the ISO / TS 16949 standard requires the use of special work organization methods - APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan - forward planning product quality and development of a management plan), PPAP (Production Part Approval Process - The process of coordinating the production of a part, i.e. approval of the production of automotive components), as well as the use of some tools for ensuring product quality using statistical analysis methods - FMEA (Method for potential failure mode and effects analysis - A method for analyzing the types and consequences of potential defects), MSA (Measurement systems analysis - Analysis of the measurement system), SPC (Methods of statistical process control - Methods of statistical process control) and QSA (Management quality systems analysis - Assessment of quality management systems ).
The most serious difficulties at domestic enterprises are the introduction of the APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning) work organization method, in fact, the process of planning, developing and preparing the production of automotive components, which makes it possible to meet absolutely all the requirements and expectations of the consumer already at the pre-production stage, when there are basic opportunities prevention of defects, Difficulties arise due to the fact that this process affects almost all departments and all processes in the organization and must be implemented at all stages life cycle products - from the planning of creation, design and development of an automotive component to its mass production.
In Russia, there is a system similar in purpose to APQP - a system for developing and putting products into production (SRPP).
As you know, SRPP is a set of interrelated fundamental organizational, methodological and general technical state standards that establish the main provisions, rules and requirements that ensure the technical and organizational unity of the work performed at the stages of the product life cycle (LCP), including research and justification for the development of products or a project, in fact development, production, operation (application, storage) of products and repair (for repaired products), as well as the interaction of stakeholders.
SRPP is interconnected with the standards of other general technical systems and sets of standards: unified system design documentation (ESKD), Unified system of technological documentation (ESTD), Unified system of program documentation (ESPD), state system ensuring the uniformity of measurements, Technological support for the creation of products.
Currently, many specialists of enterprises are concerned about the following problem - the enterprises have already implemented and successfully operate a system for developing and putting products into production in accordance with the national standards of the Russian Federation. But there comes a time when a consumer - a certain automaker - requires its supplier to implement a quality management system according to the international standard ISO / TU 16949, including, of course, the implementation of the APQP method as an integral part of such a quality management system. Specialists understand that they have to duplicate many of the processes already implemented, which is accompanied by additional irrational costs.
This situation is being actively discussed by experts who have encountered it. True, in most cases, experts only talk about how interestingly the requirements of international organizations (the international task force of the automotive industry (IATF) and the requirements of our old, long-used national standards, which were developed back in the eighties and nineties of the last century, coincide.
So, there is a problem - how to implement the requirements of the ISO / TU 16949 standard at the lowest cost, including the still exotic method of organizing APQP work for us at an enterprise with an implemented and successfully functioning SRPP.
The purpose of our study was to develop an algorithm for mastering at Russian enterprises international systems quality management, taking into account the specifics of the accumulated previous experience in the functioning of domestic systems and, at the same time, optimizing the costs of resources of various kinds: labor, financial, time, etc.
The author analyzed the degree of compatibility of the requirements of the ISO/TU 16949 standard and the APQP method with the requirements of national SRPP standards. To do this, the matrices of compliance with the requirements of the above two systems were built, in which 45 rows meet the requirements of the SRPP, and 49 columns each meet the requirements of ISO / TU 16949 and APQP. Each element of the intersection of rows and columns was further analyzed by a combination of expert judgment and regression analysis methods.
For a more accurate understanding of what was the degree of generalization of the requirements, how the requirements of the APQP method were classified into groups, and which requirements from the SRPP were considered for their compatibility with the requirements of the APQP process, let's consider a small part of the matrix in a more enlarged form. A fragment of the matrix is presented in Table 2.
Table 2 - Fragment of the compatibility matrix of the requirements of SRPP and ISO / TU 16949
As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that in some cases there is compatibility (full or partial) of the requirements of ISO/TU 16949 and APQP with the requirements of the SRPP and vice versa. Therefore, further, a quantitative assessment of the degree of compatibility of the requirements of ISO / TS 16949 and the APQP method was carried out, which showed that the complete match of the requirements was found in 15% of cases, and the partial match of requirements - in 13% of cases. In addition, situations were identified when the requirements can serve as the basis for the implementation of international standards: the group of requirements of ISO / TU 16949 and APQP does not directly coincide with the requirements of the SRPP, but if the latter are somehow supplemented, then full or partial coincidence will take place . There were about 22% of such situations. Finally, the number of cases with a minor match is 12%, and no match was found in 38% of the cases.
For example, in clause 5.2 of GOST R 15.201-2000 the following is indicated: “In terms of reference It is recommended that the interests of all possible consumers". In turn, it is necessary to have “information from specific consumers” as input information at the first stage of the APQP method. During the study, it was recognized that there is a complete coincidence of requirements.
Another example: in clause 4.6 of GOST R 15.201-2000 there is a requirement that a product developer, when conducting research, development and technological work, should pay special attention to ensuring, in particular, the requirements for accounting for product indicators that determine it technical level. The APQP process refers to benchmarks for competitors' products/processes. AT this case it was recognized that there was overlap in requirements. The situation is similar with such requirements as the mandatory technological development of products in accordance with clause 5.2.6 of GOST R 50995.3.1-96 and the need for an “assumption about products and processes” in accordance with the requirements of the APQP method.
Based on the results of this work, the following conclusion can be drawn - when implementing ISO / TU 16949 and the APQP work organization method in enterprises with an implemented and successfully functioning SRPP, resource costs can be significantly reduced.
Cost reduction can be achieved due to the fact that those elements of the pre-production process control that are already implemented in the enterprise in accordance with the requirements of the SRPP standards do not need to be re-implemented if they are provided for when applying ISO / TS 16949 and APQP. It will be enough to clarify the difference in terminology in the documentation of the enterprise. We all are well aware that such an approach can significantly save both the time for implementing ISO / TS 16949 and the APQP method, and reduce the human and material resources required for implementation.
It should be noted that a rather superficial analysis of the current situation has been carried out. In particular, the requirements of the SRPP standards were divided into only 45 groups, the requirements of ISO/TU 16949 and the APQP method - into 49 groups, which is probably not enough to fully assess the compatibility of the requirements of ISO/TU 16949 and APQP with the requirements of the SRPP standards; It should also be noted that a scale consisting of only 5 categories was used to assess the compatibility of requirements, which also gives only an approximate assessment of the compatibility of requirements.
It should also be noted that, depending on the specifics of the enterprise and the general direction of its activities, the procedure for implementing various requirements of both the SRPP standards and the requirements of ISO / TU 16949 and APQP may be different. But, at the same time, it should be borne in mind that some requirements may be interconnected and then there is an undeniable order for their implementation. This situation must be taken into account in the joint implementation of the SRPP and ISO / TU 16949 standards.
In view of the foregoing, a production organization scheme has been developed, which we called the “organizational model” (Figure 1). The organizational model allows you to determine the sequence of actions at the stage of design, development and putting products into production and in the production of products, identify and localize bottlenecks, take specific actions to eliminate them, allocate responsibility and authority within both the unit responsible for the production of products and throughout the organization.
Figure 1 - Organizational model "Management of production and service"
The developed organizational model is applicable to any industrial enterprise. The organizational model can be used to determine the order of implementation and to distribute work during implementation. modern methods quality management at a machine-building enterprise that has an operating management system based on the implemented standards of the national SRPP system.
The analysis also did not take into account such a factor as some inaccuracies and conventions in the translation of the text describing the APQP method. In such a situation, it can be very difficult to take into account synonyms when presenting requirements - after all, some requirements may even completely coincide, but at the same time be stated in completely different words.
The results of the analysis make it possible to develop a specific algorithm for the implementation of the requirements of international standards, taking into account the SRPP system operating at enterprises, which can significantly reduce the time, human and financial resources and at the same time use the huge baggage left to us by our predecessors - Soviet engineers - developers of national standards. This algorithm will be described in the next publication of the author.
Natalia Viktorovna VASHCHENKO— Head of the Department of Certification and Organization of Work of ANO Coordination Center "ATOMVOENSERT"
List of sources used
1 Kudryashov A.V. Round table. APQP: problems and implementation experience // Methods of quality management. - 2012. - No. 6.
2 Kershenbaum V.Ya., Vashchenko N.V. Methodology for assessing the compatibility of regulatory requirements of domestic and foreign practice in the construction of quality management systems // Quality management in the oil and gas complex. - 2013. - No. 1. - With. 17 - 21.
3 Vashchenko N.V. On the feasibility of a documented procedure in the framework of the implementation of the requirements of the seventh section of ISO 9001:2008 // Quality management in the oil and gas complex. - 2013. - No. 2. - With. 14 - 18.
Quality assurance(Quality Assurance - QA) is a set of activities covering all technological stages of development, release and operation of software information systems undertaken at different stages of the software life cycle to ensure the quality of the released product.
Distinguish between technical and organizational methods of software quality assurance.
To technical The following methods of software quality assurance can be attributed:
Use of defect management systems ( bug tracking system);
Implementation of automated testing;
The introduction of modular ( unit) testing;
Use of modern integrated development environments;
Using code validators;
Implementation of version control systems;
To organizational software quality assurance methods include:
Planning of work and costs;
Assessment of project risks;
Holding status rallies;
Conducting Lessons Learn sessions;
Carrying out Casual Analysis;
Introduction of metrics;
2. Software testing. Testing goals. Types of testing: functional, usability, security, performance. [up]
Testing
Purpose of testing
depending from the test object distinguish the following types:
functional testing);
Usability testing ( usability testing);
Security testing ( security testing);
performance testing);
globalization testing);
Localization testing ( localization testing);
Accessibility Testing ( accessibility testing).
Functional testing (functional testing) is testing the declared (documented) functionality of the program. The purpose of this testing is to find defects related to the execution of the direct functions of the program. Functional defects include, for example, incorrect taking of the root of a number by the calculator program.
Usability Testing (usability testing) is a test aimed at finding possible problems when using the program and related to ease of use and the provision of the declared functionality. Practicality defects include, for example, closely spaced small buttons of the calculator program, the location of which leads to the fact that the wrong number is often pressed.
Security Testing (security testing) is a program testing aimed at identifying vulnerabilities that may lead to illegal or misuse programs. Such defects include vulnerabilities in Internet browsers that allow attackers to gain control over a user's computer.
Performance Testing (performance testing) - testing aimed at identifying performance problems of the program. This testing evaluates the cost of the program to perform the declared functions, and also checks the behavior of the program when working with upper limits input values. An example of a performance defect is a hundredfold increase in calculation time when performing a root operation on two-digit numbers in a calculator program.
3. Software testing. Testing goals. Types of testing: load, globalization, localization, availability. generations of testing. [up]
Testing is a software analysis process aimed at identifying differences between its actual and required properties and at evaluating software properties.
Purpose of testing– search for defects in the program. A defect is an incorrect logic, an incorrect or inadequate instruction, the execution of which leads to a failure. In other words, a defect is a source of failures, and failures are the execution of a piece of code containing a defect.
depending from the test object distinguish the following types:
functional testing ( functional testing);
Usability testing ( usability testing);
Security testing ( security testing);
Performance testing ( performance testing);
Globalization testing ( globalization testing);
Localization testing ( localization testing);
Accessibility Testing ( accessibility testing).
Stress Testing (stress-load testing) is aimed at determining the threshold values of the input data and searching for defects in the program when processing peak loads. An example of a load test would be to check that the contents of a database are not corrupted when the number of connections to it is exceeded and the program crashes. Load testing is a type of performance testing.
Globalization Testing (globalization testing) - the purpose of this testing is to identify defects associated with regional differences in software. For example, how the program will behave when used on a computer with American regional settings (time and date formats, currency units, etc.). An example of a defect of this kind is a defect associated with incorrect processing of floating-point numbers: in Russia, a comma is used as a separator, and, for example, in the USA, a period.
Localization testing (localization testing) is aimed at searching for defects that have arisen during localization software product. These can be both errors made during the translation, and problems associated with the display of national characters, etc.
Accessibility Testing (accessibility testing) is carried out to identify problems in the work of people with disabilities with the program. A defect found during this type of testing is incorrect interface colors, leading to the fact that a person suffering from color blindness is not able to read the text.
The main means and methods for ensuring product quality today is systemic quality management, as a way to create competitive products. Only the product that is created for a specific consumer is competitive. release products required quality is possible only if quality management systems are created taking into account the requirements of international standards of the ISO 9000 series. At the same time, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the standards for the elements of the quality system, marketing research market in order to meet consumer needs. Demand-Driven Quality Improvement Program potential consumers and quality assurance systems, should be integrated into production. It is impossible to ensure the stable quality of products if you do not achieve the stability of the quality of the raw materials. Therefore, there is a trend towards closer interaction between the manufacturer of products and suppliers of raw materials, materials and components. The main instrument of quality management - control - has recently undergone major changes. An atmosphere of trust and confidence in the reliability of partners is created thanks to the proven methods of interaction between the supplier and the consumer. Continuous input control is pushed back into the past, the number of inspectors is reduced, and control methods are being improved. The most important factor in the competitiveness of the goods - the cost - is directly affected by the cost of quality. Systematic analysis of these costs and their optimization is an integral part of quality programs. In recent years, the methodology and principles of quality system certification have been further improved, new draft international standards of the ISO 9000 series have been developed, which were adopted in our country in 2000. Certification of products, works and services is being developed, including a conformity assessment mechanism. In this way, product manufacturers are given the opportunity to implement more modern rules and procedures in order to improve quality. Therefore, exporting enterprises are currently facing the problem of raising the level of education of personnel in the field of quality. The world experience in quality management was concentrated in a package of international standards ISO 9000-9004, adopted international organization on standardization (ISO) in March 1987. The experience of competitive foreign firms was embodied in the standards that a quality product that meets the needs of buyers can only be manufactured taking into account a comprehensive market research, in the form of a “quality loop” that starts with marketing and ends marketing. The quality assurance system consists of activities that apply to all stages of the "quality loop". Organizational structure quality management system is included in the overall management process of the firm.
The quality loop model includes the following elements:
- 1. Marketing. Search and study of the market;
- 2. Design and development of technical requirements for products;
- 3. Logistics;
- 4. Preparation and development of production processes;
- 5. Production of products;
- 6. Control and testing;
- 7. Packing and storage;
- 8. Implementation and distribution;
- 9. Installation and operation;
- 10. Technical assistance in maintenance;
- 11. Disposal after use.
The scope of ISO is concerned with standardization in all areas except electrical engineering and electronics, which are the responsibility of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Some types of work are carried out jointly by these organizations. In addition to standardization, ISO deals with certification issues.
ISO defines its tasks as follows: to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world in order to ensure the international exchange of goods and services, as well as the development of cooperation in the intellectual, scientific, technical and economic fields. Organizationally, ISO includes governing and working bodies. Governing bodies: General Assembly ( supreme body), Council, Technical Leading Bureau. Working bodies - technical Committees (TC), subcommittees, technical advisory groups (TCG).
The General Assembly is the assembly officials and delegates appointed by member committees. Each member body is entitled to present a maximum of three delegates, but they may be accompanied by observers. Corresponding members and subscriber members participate as observers. The Council directs the work of ISO between sessions of the General Assembly. The Council has the right, without convening a General Assembly, to send questions to the member committees for consultation or to entrust the member committees with their decision.
At meetings of the Council, decisions are made by a majority vote of the committee members of the Council present at the meeting.
Between meetings and if necessary, the Council may take decisions by correspondence.
Seven committees report to the ISO Council: PLACO (technical bureau), STACO (committee for the study scientific principles standardization), CASCO (committee for conformity assessment), INFCO (committee for scientific and technical information), DEVCO (committee for assistance to developing countries), COPOLCO (committee for consumer protection), REMCO (committee for reference materials).
PLACO prepares proposals for planning the work of the ISO, for organizing and coordinating the technical aspects of the work. The scope of work of PLACO includes consideration of proposals for the creation and dissolution of technical committees, determining the area of standardization that the committees should deal with.
STACO is obliged to provide methodological and informational assistance to the ISO Council on the principles and methods of developing international standards. The Committee is studying the fundamental principles of standardization and preparing recommendations for achieving optimal results in this area. STACO is also responsible for the terminology and organization of seminars on the application of international standards for trade development.
CASCO deals with the issues of confirming the conformity of products, services, processes and quality systems with the requirements of standards, studying the practice of this activity and analyzing information. The Committee develops guidelines for testing and conformity assessment (certification) of products, services, quality systems, confirmation of the competence of testing laboratories and certification bodies. An important area of work of CASCO is the promotion of mutual recognition and adoption of national and regional certification systems, as well as the use of international standards in the field of testing and conformity assessment. CASCO, together with IEC, has prepared a number of guidelines on various aspects of certification, which are widely used in ISO and IEC member countries: the principles set forth in these documents are taken into account in national certification systems, and also serve as the basis for agreements on assessing the conformity of mutually supplied products in trade - economic relations of countries of different regions.
CASCO is also involved in the creation general requirements to auditors for accreditation of testing laboratories and assessment of the quality of work of accrediting bodies, mutual recognition of certificates of conformity of products and quality systems, etc.
DEVCO studies the requirements of developing countries in the field of standardization and develops recommendations to assist these countries in this area. The main functions of DEVCO are: organizing a wide-scale discussion of all aspects of standardization in developing countries, creating conditions for the exchange of experience with developed countries, training standardization specialists on the basis of various training centers in developed countries, facilitating study tours for specialists from standardization organizations in developing countries, preparation teaching aids on standardization for developing countries, promoting the development of bilateral cooperation between industrialized and developing states in the field of standardization and metrology. In these areas, DEVCO cooperates with the UN. One of the results of joint efforts was the creation and operation of international training centers.
COPOLCO studies consumer interests and opportunities to promote this through standardization, summarizes the experience of consumer participation in the creation of standards, and draws up programs to educate consumers in the field of standardization and bring them to necessary information about international standards.
This contributes periodical List of international and national standards, as well as useful guides for consumers: "Comparative tests consumer goods", "Information about products for consumers", "Development of standard methods for measuring the performance of consumer products", etc.
COPOLCO has contributed to the development of ISO/IEC guidance on the preparation of safety standards.
REMCO provides methodological assistance to ISO by developing appropriate guidelines on issues related to reference materials (standards). Thus, a reference book on reference materials and several manuals have been prepared: "Reference to reference materials in international standards", "Certification of reference materials. General and statistical principles", etc.
In addition, REMCO is the coordinator of ISO activities on reference materials with international metrological organizations, in particular with OIML - the International Organization of Legal Metrology.
ISO standards are the most widely used throughout the world, there are more than 15 thousand of them, and 500-600 standards are reviewed and adopted annually. standardization technological production
ISO standards are a carefully developed version of the technical requirements for products (services), which greatly facilitates the exchange of goods, services and ideas between all countries of the world. This is largely due to the responsible attitude of the technical committees to reach consensus on technical matters for which the chairpersons of the TC are personally responsible.
ISO's largest partner is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). In general, these three organizations cover all areas of technology with international standardization. In addition, they interact stably in the field information technologies and telecommunications.