The most common forms of periodicals:
It should be noted that it is possible to classify periodicals according to their functions:
The main task of periodicals is to form public opinion. The function of ideological influence, strictly speaking, can be considered in the system of the function of structuring public opinion ... These functions can be recognized as backbone for the periodical press.
The function of implementing feedback in the management system, influencing the government, differs from others in that the degree of its implementation ... largely depends on the “good will” of the government itself, on the degree of its interest in reliable information about the state of society. But, on the other hand, the publisher can purposefully seek to influence the government.
Sometimes publications change their frequency depending on a variety of reasons:
- OM and Moulin Rouge magazines were published in monthly and bimonthly cycles;
- the quarterly moved to a cycle of 11 issues per year;
- monthly "Career" a year before closing (at the beginning of 2010) changed the periodicity to 6 issues per year.
A publication of lesser frequency may be an appendix to a publication that comes out more often (for example, "Musical Truth" - a Friday supplement to the daily newspaper "Moskovskaya Pravda").
International Standard Serial Number
international standard serial number International Standard Serial Number) - a unique number that allows you to identify any serial publication, regardless of where it is published, in what language, in what medium. Consists of eight digits. The eighth digit is a check number, calculated from the previous 7 and modulo 11. The international standard is used to transliterate Cyrillic letters into Latin
The classification of publications by periodicity is shown in Scheme 5.7.
Scheme 5.7. in
Each of these types of publications has a corresponding readership and is published with a specific purpose. For example, it helps in the study of a specific issue, informs about the results of scientific research, explains the basics of scientific knowledge in an accessible form, etc.
Purpose - the main feature that determines the distinctive features of a particular publication. The volume, nature of the presentation of the material, the structure and design of a particular publication depend on the intended purpose.
Features of periodicals
"Periodicals" is a Greek word that means "that which comes again, comes or returns."
A periodical is published at certain intervals of time with a constant number of issues (numbers) for each year, which are not repeated in content, typically (of the same type) designed, numbered and / or dated issues that have a common name.
The characteristic features of periodicals are shown in Figure 5.8.
Scheme 5.8. in
The periodical is one of the main means in the system of mass communication. The classification of periodicals according to the regularity of publication, place of issue and scope of distribution is shown in Scheme 5.9.
Scheme 5.9. in
Newspaper as a source of current information.
Newspaper- the main type of periodical published at short intervals, containing official materials, current information and articles on current socio-political, scientific, industrial and other issues, as well as literary works and advertising.
The customer of the first newspaper was the French physician and philanthropist Gefrast Renaudot (1586-1653)
Traditionally, a newspaper edition is issued in the form of one or more sheets of printed material of a certain format, adapted by the publisher to a certain specificity.
The volume of the newspaper can be from 2 to 100 or more pages.
The classification of newspaper periodicals is shown in Table 5.25.
Table 5.25 Classification of newspaper periodicals
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sign |
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|
By functionality |
General political Specialized Special editions |
Professional, trade union, party, etc. On questions of culture, literature, art, religious. Advertising, for recreation, for children and youth |
|
|
For the publisher (founder) |
State, party, trade union, cooperative, commercial, creative union, societies, etc. |
||
|
During release |
Morning, evening |
||
|
periodicity |
Daily, weekly, monthly |
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|
By place of publication |
National, regional, local, corporate |
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|
material structure |
Separate single numbers (issues), sets |
Types of newspapers by functional features are shown in table 5.26.
Table 5.26 Types of newspapers by functional features
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Characteristic features |
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|
Socio-political |
Systematically covers issues of domestic and foreign policy of the country, international life ("Voice of Ukraine", "Democratic Ukraine") |
|
|
Specialized |
Systematically covering certain problems of social life, science, technology, culture and other areas of activity and directed to certain categories of readers ("Education of Ukraine", "Headmaster of the School", "Sports Newspaper", etc.). According to the reader's purpose, specialized newspapers are divided into professional ones; trade union; party, etc. According to the subject of the intended purpose, specialized newspapers are distinguished: on issues of culture, literature, art; religious; advertising; for leisure; for children and youth, for women |
|
|
Special newspaper |
A newspaper publication prepared by a traveling editorial staff on a voluntary basis from the main newspaper to promptly bring the necessary information to the reader. Has a current and gross number, year and date of publication, published for a limited period |
A newspaper may have an appendix or appendices in the form of separate newspaper issues and in the form of newspaper and magazine publications that have an independent name, as well as records, diskettes, tapes or other material carriers of audiovisual information.
The structure and details of the newspaper
Each issue of the newspaper has a set of certain constant elements:
Newspaper headline;
Number pages;
Text materials, their headings;
Illustrations, etc.
The type of newspaper is significantly influenced by its format, volume, number of pages.
The format of a newspaper is determined by the size of the paper on which it is printed. For newspapers with a large circulation sheet paper is used. Generally accepted for newspapers are such formats as A2, AZ, A4.
The main details of the newspaper are given in table 5.27.
Table 5.27. Basic details of the newspaper
GOST 7.60-90 contains a list of the following types of periodicals: newspaper, magazine, bulletin, calendar, abstract collection, express information.
A newspaper is a periodical published at short intervals containing official materials, current information and articles on current socio-political, scientific, industrial and other issues, as well as literary works and advertising. Depending on the type and purpose, newspapers have different release dates - from one to seven times a week, different circulations and formats. A newspaper can be issued for a short period of time, limited to a specific event - a conference, festival, etc. Along with the main issue, the newspaper can be published in an expanded version through supplements. Newspapers can be general political or specialized, which cover certain problems of public life, science, technology and other areas of activity and are addressed to certain categories of readers.
A journal is a periodical journal publication that contains articles or abstracts on various socio-political, scientific, industrial and other issues, as well as literary works and advertising. More about the magazine will be discussed below. Now we give definitions of other types of periodicals.
Bulletin - a publication that is published promptly and contains brief official materials on issues within the terms of reference of the organization issuing it. It can be either intermittent or continuous. Periodical bulletins have, as a rule, permanent headings. In some cases, bulletins may be issued for a short time during certain events. There are normative bulletins, reference bulletins, advertising bulletins, bulletins-chronicles, bulletins-tables, statistical bulletins.
The regulatory bulletin contains materials of a regulatory, directive or instructive nature, it is published, as a rule, by some state body. Reference bulletins include bulletins that contain any reference materials arranged in an order convenient for their quick retrieval. As the name implies, a newsletter includes promotional materials containing information about goods, services, events, etc., in order to generate demand for them. Bulletin-chronicle contains messages that reflect the activities of the organization issuing it. The bulletin-table is obliged to separate the form of information presentation into an independent form: it contains actual data of a digital or other nature, arranged in a tabular form. It must be assumed that such a bulletin can be both reference and statistical. The latter is defined as a bulletin-table, the content of which is made up of operational statistical data characterizing a certain area of life and activity of society.
Calendars are also different. In general, a calendar is a reference publication that contains a sequential list of days, weeks, months of a given year, as well as various other information. By periodicity calendars are divided into yearbooks, monthly, weekly; Calendars can be issued only once. According to other features, calendars are divided into tables-calendars, tear-off (flip-over) calendars, book-type calendars, calendars of significant dates.
The timesheet calendar is a yearly calendar in the form of a sheet edition containing a list of days of the year, which are arranged by months in the form of a table. Tear-off, as well as loose-leaf calendars refer to calendars yearbooks wall or table form; in them, for each day (week, month), separate tear-off or flip sheets are assigned. Book-type calendars come in the form of a book edition and contain materials that are selected in accordance with a specific subject and / or address. In the form of a book edition, calendars of significant dates are most often issued, which are a calendar that includes a selective list of days that are associated with any memorable events, and information about these events. Such calendars can be issued as yearbooks, quarterly, monthly, weekly.
Abstract collection and express information are a kind of abstract publications. In the system of scientific and technical information, an abstract collection is considered to be an edition that includes abstracts of unpublished documents; it can be periodic and one-time. Express information is compiled from extended and consolidated abstracts of the most informative, as a rule, foreign published materials in order to promptly inform readers. In express information, part of the volume can also be allocated to abstracts of domestic, as a rule, departmental unpublished documents.
In addition to those listed, among the periodicals one should also mention such publications as bibliographic indexes. These are publications that contain bibliographic information about sources of information (documents). They can be different in terms of frequency of publication, in terms of the amount of information, description of the types of documents, belonging to the publishing organization, their intended purpose and readership are also different.
Presentation "Formatting requirements. Bibliographic description."
The list of sources used is indicated at the end of the work, after the Conclusion, in accordance with GOST 7.1-2003 "Bibliographic description of documents".
Special scientific domestic and foreign literature (monographs, brochures, scientific articles, etc.) is recorded in alphabetical order; periodicals indicating the year and month of magazines and newspapers (if articles from them are not given in the previous section of the list of references), legislative acts (laws, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation and the State Duma), regulatory and methodological documents and materials (regulatory acts, instructive materials, official directories), statistical, instructional and reporting materials of enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as Internet sites.
The description of each source is given from the paragraph. The title in the description should exactly repeat the title of the book. Shortening the spelling of words in the title is not allowed. After the title of the book, imprint data is required: place of publication, publisher, year of publication. Only the following cities can be abbreviated: Moscow (M), St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg), Rostov-on-Don (Rostov n / D). The name of the publishing house is given in the nominative case in an abbreviated form. For example: INFRA-M, Deca, Thought.
Abbreviation of Russian words and phrases in the bibliographic description of the document is carried out in accordance with GOST 7.12-93. The name of the publisher is preceded by a conventional separating sign - a colon (:), and after the name of the publisher - a comma (,) and the year of publication is indicated. The word "year" or the letter "g." are not written. For example: Nauka, 2002.
Books of two or three authors must be described under their last names in the order in which they appear on the title page, in the nominative case, separating the last names with commas. The initials are given after the last name. If a book has more than three authors, it is described under the title. Information about the authors (editors, compilers) is given after the data related to the title area. The surnames of authors and editors are preceded by a slash (/). Information about books (monographs, textbooks, reference books, etc.) should include: surname and initials of the author (authors), title of the book, city, publisher, year of publication, number of pages.
When specifying an article from a journal in the list of used sources, after the author's surname and his initials, the title of the article is affixed with a double slash (//), followed by the name of the journal (newspaper), year of publication, journal number and page.
Sources in a foreign language are given at the end of the list in alphabetical order.
Books and brochures
Official publications
Russian Federation. Constitution (1993). Constitution of the Russian Federation: official. text. - M.: Marketing, 2001. - 39 p.
Tax code of the Russian Federation: parts one and two. – M.: Omega-L, 2005. – 573 p. – (B-ka Russian legislation)
The description of the book begins with the title, if the book has no more than three authors.
Chernyak V.Z. The history of entrepreneurship: a textbook for universities / V.Z. Chernyak. - M.: Unity-Dana, 2009. - 400 p.
Sergeev I.V. Enterprise economics: study guide / I.V. Sergeev. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Finance and statistics, 2002. - 304 p.: ill.
Rys Yu.I. Sociology: textbook. allowance for universities / Yu.I. Lynx, V.E. Stepanov. - M.: Academic project, 1999. - 244 p.
Litvinov N.D. Caucasus, a distant country / N.D. Litvinov, A.N. Litvinov. - Voronezh: [b.i.], 2006. - 443 p.
Kibanov A.Ya. Personnel management: labor regulation: textbook. allowance for universities / A.Ya. Kibanov, G.A. Mammad-Zade, T.A. Rodkin. - M.: Exam, 2000. - 575 p.
Bagiev G.L. International marketing: a textbook for universities / G.L. Bagiev, N.K. Moiseeva, V.I. Cherenkov. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008. - 688 p.
Books titled
The description of the book begins with the title if it is written by four or more authors. The title describes collective monographs, collections of articles, etc.
Information not taken from the title page is enclosed in square brackets.
Regional economy: textbook / T.G. Morozova, M.P. Pobedina, G.B. Polyak [and others].; ed. T.G. Morozova. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M .: UNITI, 2000. - 468 p., L. map: portrait
Accounting for the financial and economic activities of the organization: methodology, tasks, situations, tests / Z.D. Babaeva [i dr.]. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2005. - 544 p.
Collections
Actual problems of management, marketing and information technology: Sat. scientific tr. - Issue. 7. - Voronezh: AONO "IMMiF", 2006. - 220 p.
Socio-economic mechanism of labor stimulation: Sat. Art. / resp. ed. V. A. Gaga. - Tomsk: Publishing House Vol. un-ta, 1988. - 195 p.
Multi-volume editions
New Russian encyclopedia: in 12 volumes / ch. ed. A. D. Nekipelov. - M.: Encyclopedia, 2003. - T. 1: Russia. - 959 p.
Merezhkovsky, D.S. Collected works: in 5 volumes / D. S. Merezhkovsky; comp. and general ed. O. N. Mikhailova. - M.: Pravda, 1990. - T. 1-5.
Articles from periodicals and continuing publications
In the process of research activities, works placed in collected works, collections of works (both author's and collective), anthologies are often used; articles from magazines; materials from collections of articles and abstracts; conference materials; articles from encyclopedias. When placing information about them in the list of references, it is necessary to indicate not the collection of works itself, not the collection itself, not the journal and not the encyclopedia, etc., but the work (article, theses, text of the speech) that was analyzed in the course of the study. First, the surname and initials of the author of the material are indicated (it must be remembered that even in the encyclopedia each article has an author), the title of the material (in relation to the encyclopedia, the concept itself acts as the title, the content of which is explained), then the sign “//” is put, after which information about the edition in which this material is placed is placed. Information about the collection itself (collected works, anthology, etc.) is indicated in accordance with the requirements for the design of the author's edition, a separate work.
If the material is placed in a journal, then after the sign "//" the name of the journal and all its "output data" placed on the reverse side of the title page (series, year, number, etc.) are indicated. It is important to remember that at the end of the information about the material, the numbering of pages is indicated, on which the publication begins and ends.
... from magazines
Lushin S.I. On monetary reforms in Russia / S.I. Lushin // Finance. - 2000. - No. 5. - S. 25-29.
Korshunova N.E. Management in the social sphere / N.E. Korshunova, O.V. Shataeva // Management in Russia and abroad. - 2007. - No. 6. - S. 66-74.
... from newspapers
If the newspaper has more than 8 pages, the description contains the page number on which the article is placed.
Dorofeev A. Documentary, speed, flexibility / A. Dorofeev // Economy and life. - 2008. - Feb. – S. 33.
… from ongoing editions
Lezhenin V.N. Development of the provisions of Roman private law in Russian civil law / V.N. Lezhenin // Yurid. app. / Voronezh, state. un-t. - 2000. - Issue. 11. - S. 19-33.
Belova G.D. Some issues of criminal liability for violation of tax legislation / G.D. Belova // Actual. problems of prosecutor.supervision. - 2001. - Issue. 5. - S. 46-49.
Electronic resources
Ksenofontov B.S. Environmental protection: biotechnological foundations [Electronic resource]: textbook / B.S. Xenophontov. - M.: ID FORUM, NITs INFRA-M, 2016. - 200 p. - (Higher education). - Access mode: http://znanium.com/catalog/product/528520
Kastornykh M.S. Commodity science and examination of edible fats, milk and dairy products [Electronic resource]: textbook / M.S. Kastornykh, V.A. Kuzmina, Yu.S. Puchkov. - 5th ed. - M.: Dashkov i K, 2012. - 328 p. – Access mode: http://znanium.com/catalog/product/430491
Mayurnikova L.A. Examination of specialized food products. Quality and safety: textbook. allowance. [Electronic resource]: study guide / L.A. Mayurnikova, V.M. Poznyakovsky, B.P. Sukhanov, G.A. Gorelikov. - St. Petersburg: GIORD, 2016. - 448 p. URL: https://e.lanbook.com/book/69878
Link to on-line-magazine
Kerimov V.E. Financial leverage as an effective tool for managing the financial activity of an enterprise [Electronic resource] / V.E. Kerimov, V.M. Baturin // Management in Russia and abroad. - URL: http://www.cfin.ru/press/managment/, free. (Accessed: 02/18/2018).
Link to the site as a whole
Department for socio-economic development of the village of the Tomsk region [Electronic resource]. URL: https://depagro.tomsk.gov.ru. (Accessed: 02/18/2018).
Quality control [Electronic resource] // Mezheninovskaya poultry farm. URL: http://mezheninovskaya-poultry farm.rf/about/control/ (Date of access: 04/29/2018).
On currency regulation and currency control [Electronic resource]: Law of the Russian Federation dated 09.10.1992 No. 3615-1 (as amended on 27.02.2003) // SPS "ConsultantPlus". URL: http://www.consultant.ru/ (Date of access: 04/29/2018).