Frame in shipbuilding
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Synonyms:See what "Frame" is in other dictionaries:
- (Frame, rib) 1. The transverse rib of the ship's hull, giving the latter transverse strength. Sh. is also called the cross section of the vessel, for example. they say that such and such a tank is located between such and such frames. 2. Cross rail mount ... ... Marine dictionary
- (goal spangout). Bars, ribs that make up the hull of any ship. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. FRAME stake spangout. The bars that make up the body of the ship. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words, ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language- FRAME, and, male, also collected. (specialist.). Rib of the hull of a ship, airship or aircraft fuselage, which serves as the basis for the skin. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Husband, maritime rib of a vessel, rim. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
- (Dutch. spanthout, from spant beam, rib and hout tree) the main transverse element of the power set of the aircraft; provides the shape and rigidity of the section and transfers local concentrated loads to the shell or other load-bearing elements. Usually installed... Encyclopedia of technology
FRAME- (1) stiffener of the outer skin of the hull of the ship (vessel) or fuselage aircraft located in the transverse plane. Sh. are distinguished: normal (ordinary), power and tight. The latter separates the sealed part of the fuselage from ... ... Great Polytechnic Encyclopedia
FRAME- Origin: goal. spanthout, from spant rib and hout tree, a curved transverse beam of a ship's hull, reinforcing the outer skin and providing strength and stability to the sides and bottom. On modern sea vessels The frame is accepted ... ... Marine encyclopedic reference book
Longitudinal elements (beams) ship are:
- keel- a longitudinal beam of the bottom set, passing along the middle of the width of the vessel;
- stringers- longitudinal beams of the bottom and side set. Depending on the location, they are: onboard, bottom and zygomatic.
- Carlings- longitudinal deck beams;
Longitudinal stiffeners - longitudinal beams of a smaller profile than stringers and carlings. According to their location, they are called below-deck, side or bottom and provide rigidity to the outer skin and deck plating during longitudinal bending.
Vessel transverse members
Transverse elements (beams) of the vessel:
- Floors - transverse beams of the bottom set, stretching from side to side. They are waterproof, solid and bracketed;
- Frames - vertical beams of the onboard set, which are connected below with the floors with the help of brackets. Knit is a piece of triangular sheet steel used to connect various parts of the hull. On small vessels (boats), floors may be absent and the frames are integral beams of the side and bottom set.
- Beams - transverse beams of the sub-lub set, passing from side to side. If there are cutouts in the deck, the beams are cut and are called half-beams. At one end they are connected to the frame, and at the other end they are attached to the massive coaming, which borders the cutout in the deck, in order to compensate for the weakening of the deck ceiling by cutouts.
On the rice. one the simplest arrangement of the hull of a small vessel is shown with an indication of the main elements of the set, and on rice. 2 a more complete set of wooden motorboat hulls is presented.
Rice. one. Construction of the hull of a small vessel.
1 - stem; 2 - keel; 3 - stringer; 4 - side skin; 5 - transom; 6 - frame; 7 - beams; 8 - deck
Vessel frames are numbered from bow to stern. The distance between the frames is called spacing. Vertical, free-standing racks of round or other section are called pillars.
Rice. 2. Elements of a set of wooden hull of a motor boat.
1 - sheathing; 2 - deck; 3 - beam; 4 - frame; 5 - seats; 6 - transom; 7 - place of motor attachment;
8 - side stringer; 9 - fender; 10 - zygomatic stringer; 11 - keel; 12 - bottom stringers
Pillers serve to reinforce the deck and in its lower part rests against the intersections of floors (frames - on small ships) with bottom longitudinal beams (keel, stringer, keelson), and in the upper part - beams with carlings. Piller installation is shown in rice. 3.
Rice. 3. Piller installation
1 - deck flooring; 2 - carlings; 3 - beam; 4 - transverse coaming; 5 - pillers;
6 - flooring of the second bottom; 7 - floor; 8 - keel; 9 - bottom lining.
Vertical or inclined beams, which are a continuation of the keel, are called stems (in the bow - stem, in the stern - stern). The ship's hull can be divided into separate compartments using transverse and longitudinal watertight bulkheads. The bow of the ship between the stem and the first bulkhead is called the forepeak, and the aft compartment is called the afterpeak. In motor boats, a waterproof structure at the transom, which forms a niche and is designed to accommodate the outboard motor, is called a motor niche. A motor niche located above the water level and equipped with scuppers - holes for draining water, is called a recess niche.
For a more complete picture of the elements of the body kit on rice. four a cross section of a dry cargo vessel with a combined framing system is shown, and in fig. 5 set of hull of the metal boat "Chibis".
Rice. four. Combined recruiting system.
1 - gunwale; 2 - bulwark stand; 3 - bulwark; 4, 10 - beams; 5 - deck flooring; 6 - carlings; 7 - stiffener; 8 - hatch coaming;
9 - pillers; 11 - bulkhead rack; 12 - transverse bulkhead; 13 - flooring of the second bottom; 14 - keel; 15 - horizontal keel; 16 - bottom stringer;
17 - bottom lining; 18 - floor; 19 - extreme double-bottom sheet; 20 - bilge keel; 21 - zygomatic belt; 22, 25 - frame;
23 - half-beam; 24 - side skin; 26 - knitsa; 27 - sheerstrake.
Rice. 5. Boat hull set.
1 - frame frame; 2 - carlings; 3 - coaming; 4 - deck flooring; 5 - fender; 6 - frame; 7 - side skin;
8 - zygomatic square; 9 - floor; 10 - stringer; 11 - keel; 12 - bracket; 13 - bottom lining; 14 - book.
outer skin
The outer plating of the vessel ensures the watertightness of the hull and at the same time participates in ensuring the longitudinal and local strength of the vessel. On metal ships, the plating consists of steel sheets, located along the long side of the ship. In addition to steel sheets, especially on metal motor boats and boats, sheets of aluminum alloys. Sheathing sheets are connected by rivets and butt welding. A row of sheathing sheets running along the ship is called a belt. The upper belt of the side plating is called the sheerstrvk, and below are the side belts and on the cheekbone - the zygomatic belt. The middle bottom belt is called the horizontal keel. The line connecting one belt to another is called a groove, and the place where the sheets are connected to each other in one belt is called a joint. The dimensions of the sheets and their thickness are different and depend on the design of the vessel, its size and purpose. For sheathing boats, motor, sailing and rowing boats, wood materials, wood-laminated plastics, fiberglass, textolites and other materials that meet the requirements of shipbuilding in terms of their properties and strength are often used.
deck flooring
The deck deck ensures the watertightness of the hull from above and is involved in ensuring the longitudinal and local strength of the vessel. Maximum load in case of longitudinal bending, it falls on the flooring in the middle part of the vessel, therefore the deck sheets at the tip are somewhat thinner than in the midship section. The decking sheets are arranged with the long side along the ship, parallel to the diametral plane, and the extreme chords of the left and right sides are along the sides, they are called deck stringers and have a large thickness. The deck stringer is connected to the sheerstrake by riveting, welding or gluing, depending on the deck material.
Hatches and necks
Hatches and necks weaken the strength of the deck; stress concentration occurs in their corners, which contributes to the appearance of cracks. In this regard, the corners of all cutouts in the hull plating are rounded off, and the deck sheets at the corners of the cutouts are made more durable. To reinforce the deck, weakened by cutouts, and to prevent water from entering the hatch, a coaming is made along the edges of the cutout, which has a device for closing the hatch (mouth). Coaming also borders cutouts in bulkheads, coaming is also called the part of the bulkhead under the doorway.
Bulwark and railing
On sea, river and modern pleasure craft, to protect people from falling overboard, open decks have a bulwark or railing.
Bulwark(rice. 6) is, as a rule, a metal belt of the side plating. It is installed on low decks prone to flooding in stormy weather.
Rice. 6. Bulwark.
1 - buttress; 2 - bulwark; 3 - gunwale; 4 - stiffness rack.
From the inside, the bulwark is reinforced with uprights, which are called buttresses and are installed through two or three spacings. To increase the strength of the bulwark, ribs are sometimes welded between its posts. Along the upper edge of the bulwark, a strip is strengthened, which is called the gunwale. To drain overboard water falling on the deck, cutouts are made in the bulwark - storm porticos. Considering that the angle of the deck stringer prevents the complete removal of water through the storm porticos, scuppers are made for the complete drainage of water from the deck overboard - cuts in the edge of the sheerstrake protruding above the deck and in the angle of the deck stringer. railing ( rice. 7) consists of vertical racks interconnected by tight cables (handrails) or chains.
Rice. 7. Guardrail (removable).
Racks can be interconnected by two, three or four rows of horizontal round rods, most often steel. These horizontal bars are called roof rails.
shipbuilding materials
There are basic materials used for the manufacture of hulls, kit elements, ship devices and parts.
Steel- has many properties necessary for building a ship (density 7.8 g/cm3). It is durable and works well. The most commonly used shipbuilding carbon and low alloy steels.
Sheet steel has a thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm (thin sheet) and 4 - 1400 mm. In shipbuilding, the most common sheets are 6-8 m long and 1.5-2 m wide. Profiles are produced from carbon steels: angular, channel, I-beam, strip-bulb and zeta, and from low-alloy steels the same profiles, except for zeta and I-beam. Sheet steel is used to make hull plating, bulkheads, second bottom, decks, etc.; from the profile: beams, frames, stringers and other elements of the hull set. Parts are made by casting complex shape: anchor fairleads, anchors, chains, stems, propeller brackets, etc.
Aluminum alloys have a lower density than steel (2.7 g / cm 3) and sufficient strength. The most widespread alloys are aluminum with magnesium and manganese. These alloys are made small boats, superstructures, partitions, pipelines, ventilation pipes, masts, ladders and other important ship details.
Wood and wood materials for many years (until the 19th century) they were the only material for building ships. With many advantages, wood continues to be used in shipbuilding today. Hulls of small sea and river vessels, boats, boats, rowing boats, sports and sailing vessels, decking, decoration for ship premises, etc. are made from wood. Most often in shipbuilding, pine is used. It is used for the manufacture of the set and plating. Spruce is used for sheathing the underwater part of the vessel, because. it is less hygroscopic. Larch and teak are used for decking and outer cladding, for finishing residential and service premises - oak, beech, ash, walnut, birch and others. From beech and ash, in addition, they make the stems of wooden ships, incl. undersized. Beams, boards, slats, plywood and wood boards are widely used in shipbuilding, used for the manufacture of ship exterior plating, cabins, saloons, etc.
Plastics due to low density, good dielectric and thermal insulation properties, high corrosion resistance, convenient processing methods and sufficient strength, they increase the service life of individual parts of ships. erasers are divided into two main groups: thermoplastics (plexiglass, nylon, polyethylene, and other plastics that can again acquire a plastic state when heated and harden when cooled) and thermoplastics - plastics that cannot be re-softened when heated, i.e. plasticity. The most widely used in shipbuilding are fiberglass - various synthetic resins (epoxy, polyester, etc.) reinforced with fiberglass in the form of fabric, mats, bundles. Fiberglass is used to make small vessels (boats, boats, yachts, boats), pipes and other ship structures and parts.
The main disadvantages of plastics are: low heat resistance, low thermal conductivity, tendency to plastic deformation under the action of a constant load at normal temperature(creep).
Cast iron used for the manufacture of cast products: bollards, bale planks, stern tubes, propellers and other parts.
Bronze- an alloy of copper with tin or aluminum, manganese, iron. Plain bearings, propeller shaft linings, kingston housings, worm wheels and other parts are made from it.
Brass- an alloy of copper and zinc. Pipes for heat exchangers, porthole parts, electrical parts, propellers and other products are made from it.
Reinforced concrete- a material consisting of concrete reinforced with a metal frame. It is mainly used for the construction of floating docks, cranes, landing stages.
Superstructures and deckhouses
Superstructures are all enclosed spaces located above the upper deck from side to side. The bow superstructure is called the tank, the stern superstructure is called the poop. The middle superstructure has no special name. A superstructure having a width less than the width of the vessel is called a deckhouse. For example, the navigational cabin. The design of decks and sides of superstructures and deckhouses is similar to the design of other decks and sides on ships. Side plating and bulkheads of superstructures are usually thinner and may differ in material from the hull.
According to the purpose, the frames can be divided into normal and reinforced. The normal frames provide the cross-sectional shape of the fuselage and reinforce the stringers and skin. Reinforced frames perform, in addition to the same tasks, also the task of local strengthening of the structure. Wing attachment points, empennage, landing gear, engines, equipment units, cargo, etc. placed on reinforced frames. Reinforced frames are also installed along the edges of large cutouts and in places of fuselage connectors.
Some of these frames may have only local reinforcement.
By design features, frames can be divided into truss and frame.
Truss frames (Fig. 4), formed by rods and a contour belt, are used as reinforced ones.
Fig.5 Fig.6
Usually a normal frame frame (Fig. 5) consists of several parts 1 connected to each other by overlays 2. Typical sections normal frame frames are shown in Figure 6.
The reinforced frame frame has a more complex cross section. One of the designs of such a frame is shown in Figure 7.
Fig.7 Fig.8
The outer and inner contours of the frame are made of extruded profiles and are interconnected by a wall. Racks are installed on it in the radial direction to reinforce the wall. Reinforced frames are sometimes made from bent profiles and sheets of aluminum alloys and riveted to the skin so that they form a box section with it (Fig. 8).
Sometimes heavily loaded frames are made by stamping. Typically, such a frame consists of several interconnected parts, and small-sized frames can also be fully stamped (Fig. 9). Separate parts of reinforced frames can be made by milling or 
forging followed by milling.
Fig.9 Fig.10
In the section of the fuselage, where it is necessary to make a partition, a reinforced frame with a solid wall is installed. The wall is usually reinforced with profiles installed horizontally and vertically (Fig. 10).
For frames that limit the hermetic cabin, it is advisable to make the wall hemispherical from the conditions of minimum mass. In this case, bending stresses from internal pressure would be excluded.
For non-circular fuselages, and often for round ones, it is not possible to make the wall hemispherical. In this case, it is performed by conjugation of several curved surfaces, supported by a framework of profiles.
If a significant part of the wall is occupied by a door, then the wall is usually made flat.
This is also an element of the theoretical drawing - a section of the body by a vertical transverse plane.
Frame in shipbuilding
Usually the frames are made two-layer, while the layers are combined so that half the height of one layer overlaps the middle of the other. Both layers are fastened with dowels. Less commonly, both layers are installed with a gap using wooden inserts and connecting spikes, but in this case, in the lower part of the frame, the layers are always adjusted close to each other. On small vessels, the frames can also be type-setting. On small boats, the frames are often made from one artificially curved piece of wood. Frames may consist of several plates glued to each other. Such glued frames are often made as one piece with the beam.
The last rear frame in the set of a wooden vessel is called a fashion piece.
metal ships
On metal (riveted and welded) ships, the frames are divided into main, idle (intermediate) and frame. The main frame is a transverse stiffening rib of the side plating, installed on each transverse spacing, and connected to floors and beams into a frame frame. Frame frame - a reinforced frame designed for local reinforcement of the hull, and can also serve as a support for load-bearing longitudinal braces. Frame frames are usually installed in 3-4 spacings, however, in some areas of the vessel (engine room, forepeak), they can be installed on each spacing. Idle or intermediate frames are used as ice, mooring or other reinforcements, and are placed between the main frames. Idle frames are not connected to the floors and beams in the frame, breaking off on the skin. Frames are the main beams of the side ceiling with a transverse framing system and are installed on each practical spacing, being supports for longitudinal bracing. With a longitudinal hull framing system, as a rule, only frame frames are installed, after 3-4 spacings.
For the main and intermediate frames, profile rolled products are used - strip bulb, corner, while frame ones usually have a T-shaped profile.
Ship design
Theoretical frames are called cross-sections of the theoretical surface of the ship's hull (theoretical drawing). As a rule, 21 sections (0-20 sp.) are performed in the drawing at equal distances (theoretical spacing), while the zero frame coincides with the bow perpendicular, and the twentieth frame with the stern. Additional sections can also be built to refine the contours.
aircraft industry
The frame is made of various profiles (as a rule, in the form of a ring or an oval) and is attached to the beams of the longitudinal set.
Normal frames ensure the preservation of the cross section of the fuselage. Reinforced frames are installed in places where the fuselage is subjected to heavy loads (butt joints, attachment points, pressurized compartment partitions, etc.), and along the boundaries of large cutouts in the fuselage. Normal frames usually have a frame structure and are made by stamping or bending from a single sheet. Reinforced frames are made in the form of a closed frame of I-beam or channel section. Structurally, such a frame is made prefabricated or monolithic. In places of installation of partitions, the power frame is completely sewn up with a wall, reinforced with vertical and horizontal profiles, or a spherical shell with radially arranged reinforcing elements.
The attachment points of the units to the fuselage are installed on reinforced frames, which act as a hard disk, ensuring the distribution of concentrated loads around the entire perimeter of the fuselage shell. To transfer concentrated loads of the longitudinal direction, the butt joints of the units must be connected with reinforced longitudinal elements of the fuselage. To reduce the mass of the fuselage structure, it is always desirable to reduce the number of reinforced frames by placing attachment points for several units on one frame.
see also
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Notes
Literature
- // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
Links
An excerpt characterizing the Frame
The Pavlograd regiment lost only two wounded in action; but from hunger and disease lost almost half of the people. In hospitals they died so surely that the soldiers, sick with fever and swelling, which came from bad food, preferred to serve, dragging their legs in the front by force, than to go to the hospitals. With the opening of spring, the soldiers began to find a plant that looked like asparagus, which for some reason they called Mashkin's sweet root, which was showing up from the ground, and scattered over the meadows and fields, looking for this Mashkin's sweet root (which was very bitter), dug it up with sabers and ate, despite on orders not to eat this harmful plant.In the spring, a new disease was discovered among the soldiers, a swelling of the hands, feet and face, the cause of which the doctors believed was the use of this root. But despite the prohibition, the Pavlograd soldiers of the Denisov squadron ate mainly Mashkin's sweet root, because for the second week they had been stretching the last crackers, they were giving out only half a pound per person, and the frozen and germinated potatoes were brought in the last parcel. The horses, too, for the second week fed on thatched roofs from the houses, were ugly thin and covered with tufts of winter hair that had strayed.
Despite such a disaster, the soldiers and officers lived exactly the same as always; so now, although with pale and swollen faces and in tattered uniforms, the hussars lined up for calculations, went to clean up, cleaned horses, ammunition, dragged straw from the roofs instead of food and went to dine at the boilers, from which they got up hungry, joking about with their vile food and their hunger. As always, in their free time, the soldiers burned fires, steamed naked by the fires, smoked, took away and baked sprouted, rotten potatoes and told and listened to stories either about the Potemkin and Suvorov campaigns, or tales about Alyosha the rogue, and about the priest's farm laborer Mikolka.
The officers, as usual, lived in twos and threes, in open half-ruined houses. The elders took care of acquiring straw and potatoes, in general, about the means of subsistence for people, the younger ones, as always, were engaged in cards (there was a lot of money, although there was no food), some innocent games - piles and towns. Little was said about the general course of affairs, partly because they did not know anything positive, partly because they vaguely felt that the general cause of the war was going badly.
Rostov lived, as before, with Denisov, and their friendly relationship, since their vacation, had become even closer. Denisov never talked about Rostov's family, but from the tender friendship that the commander showed his officer, Rostov felt that the old hussar's unhappy love for Natasha participated in this strengthening of friendship. Denisov apparently tried to expose Rostov to danger as little as possible, took care of him and, after the deed, especially joyfully met him safe and sound. On one of his business trips, Rostov found in an abandoned devastated village, where he came for provisions, the family of an old Pole man and his daughter, with baby. They were naked, hungry, and could not leave, and had no means to leave. Rostov brought them to his parking lot, placed them in his apartment, and for several weeks, while the old man was recovering, kept them. Comrade Rostov, talking about women, began to laugh at Rostov, saying that he was more cunning than everyone, and that it would not be a sin for him to introduce his comrades to the pretty Polish woman he had saved. Rostov took the joke for an insult and, flaring up, said such unpleasant things to the officer that Denisov could hardly keep both of them from dueling. When the officer left and Denisov, who himself did not know Rostov's relationship with the Pole, began to reproach him for his temper, Rostov told him:
- How do you want ... She is like a sister to me, and I cannot describe to you how it hurt me ... because ... well, because ...
Denisov hit him on the shoulder, and quickly began to walk around the room, not looking at Rostov, which he did in moments of emotional excitement.
- What an arc "your hellish weather" ode G "Ostovskaya," he said, and Rostov noticed tears in Denisov's eyes.
In the month of April, the troops revived with the news of the arrival of the sovereign to the army. Rostov did not manage to get to the review that the sovereign did in Bartenstein: the people of Pavlograd stood at outposts, far ahead of Bartenstein.
They bivouacked. Denisov and Rostov lived in a dugout dug for them by soldiers, covered with branches and turf. The dugout was arranged in the following way, which then became fashionable: a ditch broke through one and a half arshins wide, two arshins deep and three and a half lengths. Steps were made from one end of the ditch, and this was a descent, a porch; the ditch itself was a room in which the lucky ones, like a squadron commander, on the far side opposite the steps, lay on stakes, a board - it was a table. On both sides, along the ditch, a yard of earth was removed, and these were two beds and sofas. The roof was arranged in such a way that one could stand in the middle, and one could even sit on the bed if one moved closer to the table. Denisov, who lived luxuriously because the soldiers of his squadron loved him, also had a board in the gable of the roof, and in this board there was broken but glued glass. When it was very cold, heat was brought to the steps (to the reception room, as Denisov called this part of the booth), on an iron bent sheet, from soldiers' fires, and it became so warm that the officers, of whom Denisov and Rostov always had many, sat in the same shirts.
In April, Rostov was on duty. At 8 o'clock in the morning, after returning home, after a sleepless night, he ordered to bring heat, changed his rain-soaked linen, prayed to God, drank tea, got warm, put things in order in his corner and on the table, and with a weathered, burning face, in one shirt, lay on his back, his hands under his head. He pleasantly thought about the fact that the next rank for the last reconnaissance should come to him the other day, and he was waiting for Denisov to come out somewhere. Rostov wanted to talk to him.
Behind the hut, Denisov's rolling cry was heard, obviously getting excited. Rostov moved to the window to see who he was dealing with, and saw Sergeant Topcheenko.
“I told you not to let them burn this claw, some kind of Mashkin!” shouted Denisov.
“I ordered, your honor, they don’t listen,” the sergeant-major answered.
Rostov again lay down on his bed and thought with pleasure: “Let him now fuss, bustle, I finished my job and I’m lying - excellent!” From behind the wall he heard that, besides the sergeant-major, Lavrushka, Denisov's perky, roguish lackey, was also speaking. Lavrushka was talking about some kind of carts, crackers and bulls, which he saw when he went for provisions.
Behind the booth, Denisov's retreating cry was heard again and the words: “Saddle! Second squad!
"Where are they going?" thought Rostov.
See also `Frame` in other dictionaries
(Goal. spanout ). Bars, ribs that make up the hull of any ship.
(Source: "Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language". Chudinov A.N., 1910)
count spangout . The bars that make up the body of the ship.
(Source: "Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots." Mikhelson A.D., 1865)
the name of the transverse bars that make up the skeleton of the vessel.
(Source: " Complete dictionary foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. "Popov M., 1907)
frame, m. (goal spanhout) (marine, aviation). A transverse beam in the skeleton of a ship or airship, which is the basis for the skin or shell. || collected The totality of such bars.
frame frame oh ut
Russian word stress. - M.: ENAS. M.V. Zarva. 2001 .
frame 1)
an element of the transverse framing of the hull (stiffening rib of the outer skin) of a ship, airship, aircraft fuselage; 2)
the image of the cross section of the ship's hull in the drawing. The section in the middle of the length of the ship is called mi del ch.
m. rib of a vessel, rim.
1. Transverse curved beam in the aircraft body.
2. The rib of the ship's hull, to which the plating of the water area is attached.
A, m., also collected. (specialist.). Rib of the hull of a ship, airship or aircraft fuselage, which serves as the basis for the skin.
frame
midship frame, fashion piece, rib, base
frame (Dutch spanthout, from spant - beam, rib and hout - tree)
a straight or curved beam of a ship hull framing (See Hull framing) (or aircraft fuselage).
(from Dutch spanthout) - 1) side plating stiffener, located in the transverse plane of the vessel between the bottom and deck. Frames, together with beams and floors, form frames that provide transverse rigidity to the ship's hull. 2) An image of the cross section of the vessel on a structural or theoretical drawing. The section in the middle of the length of the vessel is called the midship frame.
frame
frame,
frames,
frame,
frames,
frame,
frames,
frame,
frames,
frame,
frames,
frame,
frames
(Source: "Full accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak")
frame frame starting with Peter I; see Smirnov 332. From goll. spanthout - the same; see Möhlen 189. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. - M.: Progress M. R. Vasmer 1964-1973
m. A transverse curved beam in the hull of a ship or aircraft, providing strength and stability to the sides and bottom.
frame
FRAME-a; m.[Dutch] spanthout] also collected. Mor., air. A transverse curved beam in the hull of a ship, airship or aircraft, which serves as the basis for sheathing.
FRAME (Dutch. spanthout) -..1) transverse stiffener of the side plating of the vessel (between the bottom and deck) or the fuselage of the aircraft. See also Vessel Hull Kit 2)] Cross-sectional representation of the vessel in the drawing.
frame ribs of the ship's skeleton (see Shipbuilding); on wooden ships they are made from trees, mostly already having a natural curvature; on metal - from squares riveted to the skin; to increase the rigidity of Sh., another (reverse square) is glued to one square, so that a profile in the form of Z is obtained; to obtain an even greater moment of resistance, a sheet (floor) is inserted between both squares. Often, instead of a composite sh. from squares, a straight Z-shaped or box-shaped strip profile is taken, which saves in weight and work. R. Ln.
frame
-a
,
m. sea, air. A transverse curved beam in the hull of a ship or aircraft, providing strength and stability to the sides and bottom. ||
collected The totality of such bars. [Dutch] spanthout]
FRAME (from Dutch spanthout) - 1) a transverse structural element of the hull (frame) of the vessel (or aircraft fuselage), located between the bottom and the deck. Sh. together with beams and floras form frames that provide transverse rigidity to the ship's hull. 2) The image of the cross section of the vessel on the constructive or theoretical. drawing. The section at the middle of the length of the vessel is called. midel-Sh.