Omicron, a medium-sized electronics firm, had a practice of current and future middle managers taking company-sponsored university training programs. The company paid students a small stipend, but the classes should not interfere with their main work. Although only half of all managers completed these courses, the company believed that those who completed them were better prepared to fill the role of manager. By the way, this belief was based on the points of view of the leadership, the students themselves and the instructors.
The situation with the courses did not change until the new president of the company, Kevin Hartman, raised the issue of the effectiveness of training programs. It is worth noting that he suggested that, from the standpoint of the potential of the leader, there is no difference between those who took the courses and those who did not. In this case, the costs of running programs are much higher than the benefits that can be derived from them.
Human Resources Director John Walker disagreed with this position. In his opinion, the programs should continue, although he cannot prove their effectiveness with numbers. To reinforce his point of view, he invited a consultant familiar with the principles of the PDA to evaluate the effectiveness of executive development programs in terms of their individual value to the company.
Definition of service states. At the first stage of applying the model, a set of service states or positions was determined:
"Engineer" is exactly the position that management wanted to know about the change in the cost of which as a result of training programs. In accordance with the data, the above positions were selected.
Definition of positional value. Next, the consultant tried to determine the cost to organize each item. The contracts adopted by the company indicated hourly rate pay for each worker. By multiplying the individual rate by the number of hours an employee works on average during the year, the cost of each position was obtained:
|
Positional cost |
|
|
Project Manager Head of Department |
Calculation of the transition matrix. The consultant was able to collect information on the transitions of more than two hundred employees over the past 10 years, and also divided this information into those who took the courses and those who did not. Based on the statistics, two transition matrices were compiled for each group of employees separately:
Employees who have not completed the training program:
|
Head of Department |
Project Manager |
|||
|
Head of department |
||||
|
Project Manager |
||||
Employees who completed the training program:
|
Boss |
Supervisor |
|||
|
Boss |
||||
|
Supervisor |
||||
Task 2
Compare the two tables above and determine:
1. To what extent participation in training programs increases the likelihood of an employee moving up the career ladder.
2. How much less likely is the employee to leave the organization if he participated in training programs.
I.S. Turgenev is a great Russian writer, whose apogee, in my opinion, is the novel Fathers and Sons. Turgenev's work was written on the eve of the abolition of serfdom, when society was going through hard times. simple tenses. The split in society was also reflected in the attitude of two generations: “fathers” and “children”.
This problem is relevant to this day, so Turgenev's novel is of great value to the modern reader. But the most important thing is the disclosure of a new movement, absolutely unknown to the reader, called "nihilism", that is, the denial of everything. Through the image of Bazarov, Turgenev shows all the positive and negative sides of this theory. Let's see what arguments Turgenev cites in defense of nihilism, and what evidence he presents as a refutation of the theory, referring to the work.
Of course, the main "plus" of the theory of nihilism is that Bazarov is passionate about the natural sciences. He is a naturalist. So, Evgeny Bazarov is an active person. After all, how can a person cognize the world if he does nothing at the same time? Bazarov caught frogs and dissected them to find out their internal structure - new knowledge in biology. In addition, Eugene followed in the footsteps of his father and entered the university as a doctor. These facts indicate that Bazarov and nihilists in general are stubborn, educated, active people.
But, Bazarov's theory also has disadvantages. Turgenev introduces Bazarov to Odintsova for a reason. The purpose of the author is to show the cracks in the nihilistic theory. At the first meeting between Evgeny and Anna, Bazarov begins to be embarrassed, blush, that is, to show some kind of feelings. He tries to drown out love, hiding behind the "screen" of a caustic, rude attitude towards Odintsova. But, alas, he fails to do this, he begins to see romance in himself. But what about his nihilistic beliefs? Bazarov sees the unviability of his theory, so at the end of the work we see Bazarov as a simple, loving person, and not a dry nihilist.
Summing up, I would like to say that Evgeny Bazarov was conceived by the author as a negative character. But, by the end of the work, we observe the opposite - Turgenev fell in love with his character. The death of Bazarov here is not accidental - it shows the fragility of the nihilist theory. Many things can be denied, but love cannot be denied. This is what Turgenev wanted to say, placing Bazarov in new conditions that contradict his nihilistic views, thereby showing the unviability of this theory.
Updated: 2018-09-25
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Final essay
towards
"Fathers and Sons"
"Love and respect for parents
no doubt there is a feeling
holy"
(V.G. Belinsky).
Prepared by: Shevchuk A.P.,
teacher of Russian language and literature
MBOU "Secondary School No. 1"
Bratsk, Irkutsk region
This direction is addressed to the eternal problem of human existence, associated with the inevitability of generational change, harmonious and disharmonious relationships between "fathers" and "children". This topic is touched upon in many works of literature, where various types of interaction between representatives of different generations are considered (from conflict confrontation to
mutual understanding and succession)
and the reasons for the confrontation are revealed
between them, as well as the path of their spiritual
convergence.
How to open the topic "Fathers and Sons"
We will try to figure out exactly how you can reveal the problem of fathers and children in the format of the final essay.
Turning to reflections on the topics of this direction, first of all, remember all the works that show the relationship between “fathers” and “children”.
This problem is multifaceted.
Perhaps the topic will be formulated in such a way as to make you talk about family values. Then you should remember the works in which fathers and children are blood relatives. In this case, one will have to consider the psychological and moral foundations of family relationships, the role of family traditions, disagreements and continuity between generations within the family.
Problem Statement
A possible version of the wording is topics that involve considering the conflict between the mores of representatives of different generations in general, regardless of family ties. In this case, considerable attention should be paid to the views of people, due to belonging to different eras, formation in different social conditions.
Speaking about the dispute of generations, one can mean an ideological conflict, i.e. clash of ideologies of people with different political views. The antagonists of this conflict may be peers, but their ideological principles may reflect the ideology of certain social strata.
Relations between generations are not only a conflict, but also continuity, a desire to pass on one's own system of values, to surround oneself with close people. Does it always work?
The problem of fathers and children is an insoluble dispute that has lasted for hundreds of years. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" remains one of the the best works world classics. An unbiased description of life and relationships without embellishment makes it clear to the reader that youth is a perpetual motion machine. Behind them - strength and new achievements, inventions and improvement of life. But mature aristocrats also live their own lives, they cannot be condemned. They look at life differently, do not understand each other's views, but they are happy. Each in their own way. This is the meaning of life. Just be happy.
The theme of fathers and children is eternal. It is especially aggravated during the turning points of social development. It was during this period that people from different generations represent residents of opposite historical eras. The problem of fathers and children in the image of Turgenev reflects the sixties of the 19th century. The reader can see not only the family drama, but also social conflict between the aristocratic nobility and the developing intelligentsia.
The main participants in the process are the young nihilist Bazarov and the outstanding representative of the nobility Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. The text describes Bazarov's relationship with his parents, as well as examples of communication in the Kirsanov family.
The problem of fathers and children in the image of I. S. Turgenev can be seen even in the appearance of the characters. Evgeny Bazarov is presented to readers as an object not of this world. He is always gloomy, but has tremendous fortitude and an impressive energy reserve for new achievements. Special attention the author pays to the description of the high mental abilities of the hero. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is deprived of a vivid description of the mind, but he appears before the reader as a very well-groomed man, his whole description consists of admiration external characteristics. He is always perfect, he can only be seen in a starched white shirt and patent leather ankle boots. Which is not surprising: his secular past does not allow himself to be forgotten. Despite living with his brother in a village society, he still always looks impeccable and elegant.
To show the errors in youth views, the problem of fathers and children in the image of Turgenev is reflected by the collision of a convinced nihilist with a member of the aristocracy. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov was chosen by the author as a representative of the noble society. For the first time the reader sees this hero perfectly dressed in an English frock coat. From the first lines it is clear that this person is the absolute opposite of Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov on the issue of attitude to life values. The typical life of a wealthy aristocrat was reduced to constant idleness and holidays.
The clash between a representative of the aristocratic society and the developing intelligentsia is the main problem described in the work. The relationship between Bazarov and Kirsanov is proof of the existence of a conflict between fathers and children. Despite the fact that they are not related by kinship, however, two different socio-political camps do not find common ground. The problem of fathers and children in the depiction of Turgenev on the basis of real family unions takes place, but indirectly.
Starting work on the novel "Fathers and Sons", Turgenev set himself the task of saying goodbye to the old, outgoing era and meeting a new era, which is still in search and throwing. The novel "Fathers and Sons" is a dispute between two cultures: the old, noble, and the new, democratic.
Giving an assessment of the nobility depicted on the pages of the novel "Fathers and Sons", Turgenev wrote: "My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class. Look into the faces of Nikolai Petrovich, Pavel Petrovich,
Arcadia. Weakness and lethargy or limitation. An aesthetic feeling made me take precisely the good representatives of the nobility in order to prove my theme all the more correctly: if the cream is bad, what about the milk? .. They are the best of the nobles - and that is precisely why I have been chosen by me to prove their failure.
Thus, in the novel "Fathers and Sons" ideological views and contradictions, characters and feelings are considered in the light of the clash not so much of different generations of Russian society, as representatives of two different social classes - nobles and raznochintsy, personifying the present and future of Russia.
Bazarov's relationship with his parents
In the family of Evgeny Bazarov, there is a problem of fathers and children. Turgenev I. S. finds its reflection in the attitude of the hero to his parents. It is contradictory. Bazarov confesses his love for them, but at the same time despises their stupid and aimless lives. This is his unwavering life position. But, despite his attitude, the son was very dear to his parents. The old men were very fond of him, softened tense conversations. Even after the death of the protagonist of the work, the very moment of their unconditional love is considered. Turgenev described a rural cemetery with a sad overgrown landscape, where the main character Bazarov is buried. Birds sing on his grave, old parents come to her
Essay topics "Fathers and Sons"
An indicative list of topics for the final essay in the 2018/2019 academic year in the official direction from FIPI - "Fathers and Sons".
Remember, these are sample themes! The exact list of topics will be known 15 minutes before the start of the final essay.
First of all, in the question of topics in the direction of FATHERS AND CHILDREN, let's pay attention to the final essay in 2015 - it was then that the topic "Dispute of generations: together and apart" was sounded. This topic almost completely echoes the current "Fathers and Sons", so we can safely turn to the REAL topics of 2015 in the "Dispute of generations" direction.
Real themes of 2015
("Dispute of generations: together and apart"):
What are family traditions and why are they needed?
Why is it so important to keep the connection between generations?
Why is the theme of "fathers and children" often present in many works of literature?
The current age” and “the past century”: is agreement possible?
The role of parental guidance in human life.
Is the conflict between "fathers" and "children" inevitable?
What is the source of misunderstanding between people of different generations?
What can prevent fathers and children from understanding each other?
How can the experience of fathers be valuable for children?
Why is the older generation so rarely quite young?
How can the experience of children be valuable for fathers?
What can fathers and children learn from each other?
Is it always right on one side in conflicts of generations?
Is the dispute between generations eternal?
Are the testaments of the fathers always valuable?
- "The current century and the past century": the causes of the conflict.
At what times does the conflict between “fathers and sons” escalate?
Is it hard being an adult?
What role can the family play in the development of personality?
Is truth born in a dispute between generations?
- "Fathers" and "children": rivals or allies?
Why do children and parents not always understand each other?
What is the significance of youth in a person's life?
Why is “fathers and sons” an eternal theme?
What role can elders play in the development of personality?
What does it mean to be an adult?
Is it important for a person to receive parental guidance?
parental love?
Parents and children: dispute or dialogue?
it is possible, but it must be…” (A.S. Pushkin)
Possible essay topics:
- “What lessons can be learned from the confrontation between representatives of different generations?”
- "The dispute of generations - eternal or temporary?"
- "Does conflict between fathers and children always lead to enmity?"
- "Are there winners and losers in the dispute between fathers and children?"
- "What influence can elders have on their children?"
- "What is the conflict between generations?"
- "Is it necessary to take into account the experience of older generations?"
- "How has the conflict between fathers and children changed over time?"
- "What are the consequences of the destruction of the continuity of generations?"
- "Why is the conflict of fathers and children eternal?"
- "What is the continuity of generations?"
- "Why do fathers always teach children?"
Why don't different generations understand each other?
Why should you respect your elders?
- "What does the conflict between fathers and children lead to?"
- "How to reconcile fathers and children?"
- "The eternal conflict of parents and children: in search of a compromise"
- “Who are the children in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"?
- "The meaning of the title of the novel "Fathers and Sons""
- "Children and childhood in Russian literature"
- « Contemporary Issues children"
- "Love and Children"
- "The role of the family in human life"
- “Love and respect for parents without any doubt is a sacred feeling” (V. G. Belinsky).
- “Love for parents is the basis of all virtues” (Cicero).
Man has three calamities: death, old age, and bad children. From old age and death, no one can close the doors of his house, but the children themselves can save the house from bad children ”(V.A. Sukhomlinsky).
- "An ungrateful son is worse than someone else's: he is a criminal, since a son has no right to be indifferent to his mother" (G. Maupassant).
- “Disrespect for ancestors is the first sign of immorality” (A.S. Pushkin).
- “The pain stings more sharply when it is caused by one of the relatives” (Babriy).
- “Nothing happens so rarely in the world as complete frankness between parents and children” (R. Rolland).
"Fathers and Sons" in Literature: List of Works
One way or another, this theme is present in almost all the works you studied at school. But the conflict of “fathers and children” was most clearly reflected, of course, in the novel of the same name by I. S. Turgenev, in which he is the main, plot-forming one, as well as in the play “Thunderstorm” by A. N. Ostrovsky and the story “Taras Bulba” by N. V. Gogol. This topic is well represented in the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboyedov.
In less expressed form and a narrower interpretation, we will find it in the stories "Dubrovsky" and "The Stationmaster" by A. S. Pushkin, the poem "Duma" by M. Yu. Lermontov, the play "The Cherry Orchard" by A. P. Chekhov, the story "Farewell to Matyora" V. G. Rasputin and others.
Bibliography:
"Thunderstorm", A.N. Ostrovsky
"War and Peace", L.N. Tolstoy
"Crime and Punishment", "Humiliated and Insulted", F.M. Dostoevsky
“Quiet Flows the Don”, “The Fate of a Man”, “Mole”, M.A. Sholokhov
"Eugene Onegin", "The Captain's Daughter", A.S. Pushkin
"Dark alleys", I.A. Bunin
"Oblomov", I.A. Goncharov
"French Lessons", "Deadline", V.G. Rasputin
"The Wise Gudgeon", M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin
"The Cherry Orchard", A.P. Chekhov
"In bad company", V.G. Korolenko
"Childhood", A.M. Bitter
"Payback", V. Tendryakov
“Tomorrow there was a war”, B. Vasiliev
"Mad Evdokia", "Steps", A. Aleksin
"Night of Healing", "A Pair of Autumn Shoes", B. Ekimov
Quotes and aphorisms in the direction of "Fathers and Sons"
“Love and respect for parents is without any doubt a sacred feeling”(V.G. Belinsky).
"Love for parents is the basis of all virtues"(Cicero).
Man has three calamities: death, old age, and bad children. From old age and death, no one can close the doors of his house, but the children themselves can save the house from bad children.(V.A. Sukhomlinsky).
“An ungrateful son is worse than someone else’s: he is a criminal, since a son has no right to be indifferent to his mother”(G. Maupassant).
“Disrespect for ancestors is the first sign of immorality”(A.S. Pushkin).
"The pain stings more sharply when it is caused by someone close"(Babry).
“Nothing happens so rarely in the world as complete frankness between parents and children”(R. Rolland).
“Most of us become parents before we are no longer children.” Minion McLaughlin
“Marriage is a long-term heroic work of a father and mother, raising their children to their feet. George Bernard Shaw
The only person who shouldn't have children is parents." Samuel Butler
"When the child has grown up, it's time for parents to learn to stand on their own feet." Francis Hope
"Even the devil in his hell would like to have polite and obedient angels." Vladislav Grzegorchik
“Children listen most attentively when
when they are not talking to them. Eleanor Roosevelt
“If only parents could
imagine how they bother their
children!” George Bernard Shaw
If you want to teach your children to steal, make them spend more time begging for everything you give them. Henry Wheeler Shaw
If the child suddenly becomes obedient, the mother is frightened in earnest - is he really going to die. Ralph Emerson
When the children puzzled the father, he sent them to the corner. Valery Mironov
When it finally dawned on my parents that I had been kidnapped, they didn't hesitate a minute and immediately rented out my room. Woody Allen
When dealing with a five-year-old child, the main danger is that very soon you start talking like a five-year-old yourself. Jean Kerr
When I was fourteen my father was so stupid that I could hardly bear him; but when I was twenty-one years old, I was amazed at how much this old man had grown in the last seven years. Mark Twain.
“When you finally realize that your father was usually right, you yourself already have a son growing up, convinced that his father is usually wrong.” Lawrence Peter.
“It is curious: with each generation, children are getting worse, and parents are getting better; it follows that more and more bad children grow up to be more and more good parents. Wieslaw Brudzinsky.
“Paternal and filial feelings are different: the father has love for his son; the son has love for the memory of his father. Unknown Englishman (XVIII century).
“The first half of our lives is poisoned by our parents, the second by our children.” Clarence Darrow.
"The habits of fathers, both bad and good, turn into vices of children." Vasily Klyuchevsky.
“We love our children too much and our parents too little.” Alfred Konar.
- « No child can dishonor a parent the way a parent can dishonor a child.” Jan Kurchab.
- « Never point out the resemblance of children to their father: this may cause unpleasant astonishment. Stanislav Jerzy Lec.
- « Fathers should not be seen or heard. Only on this basis can a strong family be built.” Oscar Wilde.
Children and parents are an eternal topic that interests everyone.
The philosophy of death became a very common topic for discussion already in the 18th century. No one wanted to tarnish their reputation with final moans. That is why scenes of death began to flicker in the works of many Russian realists, including I. Turgenev. Main character his novel "Fathers and Sons", Yevgeny Bazarov, a man of action, a nihilist, dies of martyrdom from typhus, which puts an end to the issue of love.
However, it creates an equally important one - how should a real person die?
In order to delve into this topic, consider some details of the plot of the work. When the hero enters his father's house and asks for a hellish stone to cauterize the wound, we understand, even more, we see that hope is glimmering in his soul that not everything is lost yet. However, his inner realist immediately replies: "... it's too late now." Bazarov knows that his days are numbered. He is sad but not afraid. Even during illness, Eugene takes care of those he loves, reassures, warns that it is dangerous to contact him. This is precisely what Pisarev noted in his critical article with the phrase: "To die the way Bazarov died is the same as doing a great feat."
My opinion is somewhat different. There is nothing romantic about death. This is something that everyone will have to endure (or rather endure). Nobody wants to lose everything they have. Specifically, it is easier for Bazarov to come to terms with this due to his ideals. My and his views are close: we all die someday. This "motto" actually helps to pass even the most difficult tests.
And it is unlikely that there is something heroic and beautiful in death - screams, convulsions? Yes, and what to lose? Let someone say: "Yes, how is it possible ?!" You still won't hear it. And you won't see. There is no point in reassuring anyone, there is no point in hoping for a miracle.
This is realities. There is no point.
PS: This essay is not for everyone. If your views are significantly different, which is quite real, you should not rewrite it, because, most likely, it will cause a lot of questions from your teacher, which is almost impossible to answer with reason without having a sufficient set of knowledge and a suitable attitude.
Updated: 2018-09-25
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