"Carbonic acid" - Carbonic acid corresponds to: Carbonic acid but c = o but. 3. Decomposition upon heating. 6. Acylation of urea. Alkylation produces carbamide alkyl derivatives. Carbonic acid. For carbamide (urea), the following are characteristic Chemical properties: Chinese wisdom. * Calculate the mass fraction (%) of nitrogen in urea (urea).
"Geography of Industries" - The leading industry is the textile industry. Territorial changes. Focus on "cheap" labor force. World production and consumption of primary energy resources. Great mining powers. USA Foreign Europe CIS Japan. Practical work№15 Drawing up a map of the location of the main industrial regions of the world.
"Carbonic acid and its salts" - What oxides of carbon are mentioned in the following statements? Marble. What phenomenon are we talking about? Chalk. Very toxic Does not burn and does not support combustion Used in metallurgy for iron smelting Formed by complete combustion of fuel Magnesium burns in it Typical acidic oxide.
"Sectors of Law" - Modern Russian legislation. between non-subordinate entities. Marriage. : Constitutional Administrative Civil Labor Family Criminal Ecological. 1. Constitutional law-. The main source of administrative law is the Code of Administrative Offenses (CAO).
"Norms and branches of law" - Administrative. The area of freedom, decentralization. Financial. The legal system includes: “If (hypothesis)..., then (disposition)..., otherwise (sanction)...”. Disposition. Special. constitutional. Right. Criminal. Lesson plan. Properties of a legal institution. Municipal. 2. Branches of law. Presentation materials § 8, 9 Bring the Constitution.
"Industries of the World" - TASK. Metallurgy. Major manufacturers and exporters of automobiles. World steel production is about 750 million tons annually. Chemical industry. Table. Ferrous metallurgy. - There is a progressive process of reducing the metal consumption of products in the world; Colored. - Metals are actively replaced by plastics;
coal industry -
industry fuel industry,
including mining and processing
brown and hard coal.
- main pool
- Reserves 725 billion tons
- Disadvantage
The basin is located in the European part of Russia, on the western slope of the Polar Urals, in the Komi Republic and the Nenets National District of the Arkhangelsk Region.
Coal is mined in an expensive underground way.
The coal basin is located on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and partly in the Kemerovo and Irkutsk Regions.
It has the most significant reserves of energy brown coal mined in an open pit.
North Ossetia-Alania
Brown coal -
Coal
Anthracite -
hard fossil coal,
formed from peat.
Has a low
heat of combustion.
- It is formed from coal with an increase in pressure and temperature at depths of about 6 km.
- Has the highest
heat of combustion.
in metallurgy
(blast-furnace and energy coke),
in chemical industry (resins, gases, acetylene, alcohol, acids, plastics, varnishes, medicines, etc.),
in energy
(fuel)
The coal industry of the Russian Federation is a complex of industries for the extraction, enrichment and processing of coal
METHODS OF EXTRACTION
Coal, along with oil and natural gas - the unique wealth of Russia, which can serve both us and our grandchildren, even great-grandchildren, since coal reserves in Russia are higher than oil reserves for the estimated periods of operation.
With an innovative approach, the development of Russian coal resources can enrich our country many times over.
COAL INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA Coal is a type of fossil fuel formed from parts of ancient plants underground without oxygen. The coal industry is engaged in the extraction and primary processing (enrichment) of hard and brown coal and is the largest branch of the fuel industry in terms of the number of workers and the cost of production fixed assets.
The mine has been operating for an average of 40 years. Coal mining is carried out in layers, each layer is removed for about 10 years, after which the horizon is reconstructed and the next, deeper layer is developed. The reconstruction process is required to ensure environmental safety environment and people working in the slaughter. To maintain the level of production, it is necessary to constantly build new mines. Every year, 5 7 depleted enterprises leave the industry.
Processing plant - an enterprise for processing coal. It first sorts the coal according to the size of the pieces, and then enriches it, reduces the content of mineral impurities and waste rocks, and then sends the coal to the consumer. In terms of coal production, Russia ranks fifth in the world (after China, the USA, India and Australia)
Coal basins of Russia Kuznetsk basin (Western Siberia, Kemerovo region); Kansk-Achinsk basin (Southern Siberia, Krasnoyarsk Territory); Pechora basin (the largest in the European part, the Arctic); Donetsk basin (Rostov region); Irkutsk - Cheremkhovo basin (Irkutsk region); South Yakut basin (Far East) The distribution of coal across the country is extremely uneven. 95% of the reserves are in the eastern regions, of which more than 60% are in Siberia. The main part of the general geological reserves of coal is concentrated in the Tunguska and Lena basins. In terms of industrial coal reserves, the Kansk-Achinsk and Kuznetsk basins are distinguished.
Consequences of the coal industry The natural landscape, the soil cover and, along with it, the animal and plant world are destroyed (due to the formation of quarries and dumps). Plowing of land, logging, fires, construction of access roads, roads have a negative impact on nature. Coal processing pollutes surface waters and the atmosphere. As a result, not a single river within the Kuznetsk Basin is suitable for drinking (deterioration of the environment in Kemerovo region)
Social problems (the standard of living of the population is extremely low) Problems of the coal industry A sharp increase in transport prices Coal is prohibitively expensive in many areas Most coal mines and quarries are in need of technical re-equipment
This presentation can be used when studying the topic "Coal industry in Russia"
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"Presentation "Coal Industry""
Geography presentation. Done Zayarnaya Lyudmila Ivanovna, teacher of geography
MOBU Kerch RK Secondary School No. 1IM. V. Dubinina
coal industry – it is an industry that extracts, transports and processes coal.
Significance of the coal industry
Coal
Fuel
Raw materials for the chemical industry
Ferrous metallurgy
Power industry
Fossil coals are evaluated according to three parameters:
- carbon content of coal
- according to the content of the combustible component (calorific value)
- the amount of ash-forming substances, the content of moisture, sulfur and other elements
Coal
Coal It has a high calorific value, low ash content.
Anthracite - coal of the highest quality.
Coke - iron reducing coal
Brown coal
has low calorific value, high ash content
Mining methods coal
Underground
Open
Underground gasification
Hydraulic
The most productive and cheapest way of coal mining is open (in cuts or quarries).
Underground mining method
Mine
MINING COMBINE, a combined machine that destroys an array of rocks and loads them into vehicles .
Mining machine tunneling: 1 - loading table; 2 - milling crown; 3 - swept executive agency; 4 - reloader; 5 - running gear.
At coal gasification it is possible to obtain carbon oxides with hydrogen, pure hydrogen, reducing gases for metallurgy, hydrocarbon gases
Underground gasification
1 - sulfur layer; 2 - zone of molten sulfur; 3 - combustion zone; 4 - burnt out zone; 5 - deposit roof; 6 - bottom of the deposit; 7 - blast well; 8 - gas pipeline well.
Transportation
Enrichment
Consumer
During enrichment, dumps of "waste rock" are formed
Terrikon
Burning waste heap
Burning waste heap
Kuznetsk basin (Kuzbass)
Located in the Kemerovo region. Discovered in 1721. Reserves up to a depth of 600 m 114.3 billion tons. 120 working seams. Extraction by open and underground methods. Production centers - the cities of Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Prokopyevsk
Pechora basin
Located in the Komi Republic and the Nenets a. about. Industrial development since 1934. Total geological reserves and resources 265 billion tons, 250 coal seams. The main production centers are the cities of Vorkuta and Inta.
Kansko-Achinsk basin
Located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, partly in the Kemerovo and Irkutsk Regions. Development since 1905. 15 layers. Industrial centers - Krasnoyarsk, Kansk, Achinsk, Sharypovo.
The economic evaluation of the deposit takes into account:
- Fuel reserves
- Fuel quality
- Mining conditions
- Development of the territory
- Consumer proximity
geography teacher MKOU "Akimovskaya secondary school"
Koroleva I.V. 13.02.2015
- Create conditions for the study of the coal industry.
- The importance of the industry for the development of the economy
- Development of the industry at the present stage
- To form concepts about the methods of coal mining, the placement of deposits
- Characteristics of one of the coal basins (optional)
General characteristics of the coal industry
Russia is one of the world leaders in coal production.
More than a third of the world's coal reserves are concentrated in Russia, of which about 70% are brown coal and a fifth of the explored reserves - 193.3 billion tons. Of these, 101.2 billion tons of brown coal, 85.3 billion tons. hard coal (including 39.8 billion tons of coking coal) and 6.8 billion tons of anthracites. Coal fields, however, are very affordable, and their development, combined with the use of modern technologies nothing is difficult.
The industrial reserves of operating enterprises amount to almost 19 billion tons, including coking coal - about 4 billion tons. Russian Federation ranks second in terms of reserves and fifth in terms of coal production (more than 320 million tons per year). At the current level of coal production, its reserves will last more than 550 years.
A new lava with reserves of about a million tons of coal was launched at the Vorgashorskaya mine
- As a result of the neglect of the entire mining industry, the aging of the mine fund, the fall in labor and technological discipline, and the high accident rate, labor productivity at coal enterprises began to decline sharply. At the beginning of 1993, at the mines, it corresponded to the level of 1954, and at the open pits - 1956. The problems of the enterprises of the coal industry were aggravated by the extremely imperfect technical condition of the social infrastructure facilities of the mining towns and villages. Most of these objects needed emergency repairs and reconstruction.
- Thus, the production, technical, environmental and socio-economic problems have sharply worsened in the coal industry, it has found itself in the grip of a systemic socio-economic, organizational and managerial crisis.
Methane explosions occurred at the Raspadskaya coal mine in the Kemerovo region
- In order to bring the coal industry out of the systemic crisis, its adaptation to market competition with other fuel resources, it was recognized as necessary to start deep structural sectoral and intersectoral transformations, that is, to restructure the industry. The following were adopted as the fundamental principles for the restructuring of the coal industry in Russia:
- Russia must remain among the world's leading coal-producing countries;
- the importance of Russia's gigantic coal resources (more than 5 trillion tons) in the fuel and energy balances of our country, countries of the near and, probably, far abroad should increase as the world's oil and gas reserves are depleted, the geological resources of which are much less than coal;
- the volumes of coal production in the country as a whole and in its coal-producing regions should be determined by the level of market demand and trends in its change in the domestic and world energy markets;
- increasing the competitiveness of coal should be ensured mainly by reducing production costs for its extraction and enrichment, as well as involvement in the development of the most favorable coal deposits and the use of new technologies.
prospects for the development of the coal industry
Prospects for the development of the coal industry in Russia are associated with the integration coal production and energy, which will allow creating modern energy facilities on the basis of mines. Development should take place along the path of re-equipping existing mines with electric power generators to generate energy. It is also possible to re-equip the processing plant for the production of synthetic motor fuel.
It is expected that in the coming years Russia is not threatened by a shortage of coal, and the balance of supply and demand in the market will be maintained. However, domestic prices for coking coal may increase significantly in the near future.
- using the maps of the atlas, the text of the textbook, statistical materials, characterize one of the coal basins according to the following plan:
- Location
- Mining method
- Depth and thickness of layers
- Calorie content of coal
- Reserves, production, resource availability
- Problems and development prospects
- Study the text of the paragraph
- Put the main coal deposits on the map.
2. ru.wikipedia.org›Coal industry
3. minenergo.gov.ru›Coal industry
4. mining-media.ru›Russian›Articles›Economy›…
Promyshlennosti-ross
5. images.yandex.ru›photos of environmental problems
coal industry