Tatiana Petrenko
Presentation "Christmas toys"
Project "Christmas tree toys»
for the 2nd junior group.
Project relevance:
The project is aimed at expanding children's knowledge about the objective world. The problem of interaction between preschool teachers and parents of pupils, their involvement in the life of the kindergarten and the group is also relevant.
Only by joining forces, we will provide excellent conditions for the education of morality, feelings of love and affection for our culture, our people through reasonable, rational use national holidays based on folklore, creativity, traditions and customs.
Objective of the project: Introduction to the culture of the New Year holiday, its traditions; development of artistic and aesthetic attitude to the surrounding reality, enrichment of children's impressions.
Tasks:
1. Introduce a variety of New Year's toys and the tradition of decorating the Christmas tree.
2. Development of artistic and aesthetic abilities, skills and abilities of productive activity.
3. Promote the interaction of children and parents in the manufacture and collection of New Year's toys.
From the history of the Christmas tree toys.
(information for children of a cognitive nature)
How and where did they first appear Christmas decorations- history is silent. We only know that at first they were very, very simple, but gradually became more complex and interesting.
Before the tree was dressed up "edible decorations"- apples, waffles, nuts in gold papers, other fruits and sweets, honey gingerbread. And only then the first ones appear "inedible" Christmas decorations.
In Russia, the first Christmas trees toys were not made of glass, as, presumably, in other countries, and from improvised materials - rags, straw, colored ribbons, and later from paper and foil. There were even special workshops that did this.
Also in our country, cotton toys. The basis for the figurine of a cotton man was a wire frame wrapped with cotton wool. Eyes, eyebrows and nose were painted with a brush, cheeks were blushed with a cotton swab. The costume was cut out of white or pre-dyed cotton wool. The finished figure was covered with glue. Large figures, usually depicting Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, were placed under the Christmas tree.
Related publications:
Presentation "DIY toys for babies" (early age) Dear colleagues! Childhood is a time of a variety of games that develop a child, help him to know the world. Any.
Synopsis of the OD in the educational field "Artistic and aesthetic development." Age group: 2 junior group. Theme: "Christmas toys".
Presentation on the development of multimedia tools "My first presentation" 1 slide title My first presentation “It is not the strongest or the smartest who survive, but the one who responds best to what is happening.
Open lesson on testoplasty in the second junior group "Christmas toys" Open lesson on testoplasty in the second junior group. Topic: "Christmas toys" Program content: 1) Consolidate and expand knowledge.
Presentation "Toys for the development of fine motor skills with your own hands"! Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution « Kindergarten combined type No. 40 “Sun” Presentation “Toys.
Presentation of the project "Games and toys of the indigenous peoples of the North" In order for the child to become truly inquisitive and strive to acquire new knowledge on his own, and not under duress, it is extremely important.
Presentation of the project "My toys" in the first junior group It is very important from early childhood to teach the child to properly store their toys in a specially designated place. It is necessary to turn.
Enable effects
1 of 32
Disable effects
See similar
Embed code
In contact with
Classmates
Telegram
Reviews
Add your review
Annotation to the presentation
Presentation work prepared by the teacher primary school according to the results of the tour at the factory for the production of Christmas decorations. Illustrating his story with photographs from the scene, the teacher talks about the production and history of Christmas decorations.
For the teacher to teach
Format
pptx (powerpoint)
Number of slides
Abarkina E. V.
The audience
The words
Abstract
Present
purpose
slide 1
Christmas decorations at the Frost factory are made by hand. This is a very time-consuming and hard work, but at the same time extremely exciting. Even in the creation of a simple New Year's ball or figurine, you need to invest a lot of effort. But first things first.
slide 2
Let's walk through the shops of the Christmas tree decorations factory and observe how ordinary glass tubes ...
slide 3
... turns into colorful toys - an indispensable attribute of the New Year holiday.
slide 4
Purging
Glass blowers have the hardest job. They spend all day sitting near the burner, melting glass tubes, and blowing balls out of them. The workshop is very hot and there is unbearable noise from the working hood.
Slide 5
The glass tube must be melted as best as possible on the flame of the burner. It's strange, but for some reason glassblowers don't wear gloves. Although the glass gets very hot
slide 6
Then you need to quickly blow the ball.
Slide 7
Then, by eye, evaluate the resulting copy. If it turned out crooked - again into the fire, and blow again. If everything is fine, put the ball back in the box.
Slide 8
To make a figurine, a hot balloon is placed in tongs and inflated directly into them.
Slide 9
As a result of the work of glassblowers, transparent Christmas tree figurines are obtained, which are funny called - naked.
Slide 10
Metalization
And we move on to the next workshop, where the toys acquire a metallic sheen.
slide 12
Glass blanks are inserted with “tails” into special tubes.
slide 13
Then these tubes are placed in a metallization machine.
Why do you think there are cups in the car?
Slide 14
These cups are needed so that the Christmas tree balls acquire a metallic sheen only half, and on the other hand remain transparent. From such blanks, for example, you can make an aquarium ball: inside the ball are green rain algae and shiny fish.
slide 15
The machine for metallization is very ancient, but it is protected in every possible way, since it was left alone at the enterprise. The second one broke.
And new equipment is very expensive.
How does it work?
slide 16
Aluminum springs are attached to the top of the car. Inside the temperature reaches 700 degrees. Steam is generated. Aluminum springs melt and aluminum vapors settle on Christmas tree decorations. The machine closes for an hour and a half and the drum rotates for an hour and a half so that the toys are evenly covered with a mirror-like metallic sheen.
Slide 17
Painting
In this workshop, workers dip already metallized Christmas decorations into buckets of paints. And here's what happens:
Slide 18
If the ball on one side must remain transparent, then it is not completely dipped into a bucket of paint, but only from the opaque side.
Then for some time the balls dry.
Slide 19
Then a stencil with a pattern is taken.
A ball is laid there and with the help of a can of paint, the stencil is transferred to a Christmas tree toy. On the ball, not a finished drawing is obtained, but only a layout, which the artists then paint.
slide 21
That is why, after walking around the factory in the toy store, customers took so long and meticulously choosing their balls and figures. And one kid shouted: “Mom, I chose, I want this Santa Claus.” “What is there to choose, they are all the same,” mother was angry. "No, look, he winks at me, but the others don't."
slide 22
The artists' hall is somewhat similar to a modern office. But instead of computers - boxes with toys, and instead of stationery - paints with brushes.
slide 23
On the tables - gouache, acrylic paints, small beads, silver and golden powder.
slide 24
The end result is this beauty.
Slide 25
Toys from the 60s - 70s
slide 26
70s toys
Slide 27
80s toys
Slide 28
modern toy
Slide 29
Modern toy with a rural landscape
slide 30
Secrets of the production of Christmas decorations
Every year the assortment is updated by 80%. And at number 5 there is always a toy with the symbol of the year. All this year, a ball was produced with the symbol of the next year 2009 - the bull. Despite the fact that the year of the bull is just beginning, its kingdom ends at the factory of Christmas decorations. Immediately after the New Year - in January - a ball with a tiger will be launched into production, since 2010 is the year of the tiger. And the factory for the production of Christmas decorations works all year long only for the sake of one holiday.
Slide 31
GLASS - Handmade
Such an inscription with a hologram is on every toy that is produced at the Pavlo-Posad factory of Christmas decorations "Hoarfrost". But even without an inscription, any toy made here can be easily distinguished from plastic Chinese balls, with which all our stores are littered. It's strange, judging by how people are sweeping Chinese consumer goods off the shelves with excitement, there is still a demand for New Year's toys. The only pity is that the big stores offer us what costs them less and has little interest in quality.
A glass toy made by hand is different. She is very beautiful and original.
View all slides
Abstract
"New Year's toy"
A story about how the Christmas tree toy appeared.
An ancient production - a Christmas tree decorations factory is located in the village of Danilovo, south of Pavlovsky Posad on the road to Kurovskoye. Once the village belonged to the Novaya Zagar landowners Samarins, who, however, came here only in the summer. All affairs were managed by the manager. The peasants lived on their own farms, and also collected cranberries in the surrounding swamps, in the forests - mushrooms in huge baskets. On carts they took all this to sell to the bazaars in Pavlovo and Zagarye.
The artistic skills of the local population contributed to the fact that from the middle of the 19th century, craft began to develop in the village - the manufacture and painting of Christmas tree toys. The Christmas tree was put up at Christmas, which preceded the New Year. For the majority of the population of Russia, the New Year was a time of cheerful winter Christmas time and children's holidays, so the Christmas tree toy was of a "Christmas" character. Christmas decorations were decorated picturesquely, brightly and decoratively. The very decoration of the Christmas tree became a family tradition, in which both children and adults participated. Gifts were collected on the Christmas tree, Christmas decorations were a welcome gift. Glass Christmas decorations have come into fashion since the middle of the 19th century. The peasants worked at home and used simple burners for blowing, into which the wick was tightly stuffed. Kerosene was supplied through it from the lower tank. To create a high-temperature flame from home-made leather furs, compressed air was pumped with the help of legs. Toys were blown from glass tubes-darts of different lengths and diameters. Before work, the dart was sorted and cut by hand using a knife or stone by the glassblower himself.
Often the whole family was engaged in the manufacture of glass Christmas decorations, the art of glassblower and painter was inherited. Growing demand increased the number of single handicraftsmen who made glass Christmas decorations. Owners appeared who in their homes established small productions, where hired workers worked, who blew and painted glass Christmas decorations.
Glassblowers and painters began to unite in artels and small factories. Artel workers copied pre-revolutionary toys, created new ones. In the 60s - 70s, in addition to the usual plots, the toys depicted the Moscow Kremlin, spaceships, Kremlin stars.
The current enterprise "Hoarfrost" is a specialized production for the production of Christmas tree decorations. The enterprise preserves and develops the unique traditions of craftsmanship, established in pre-revolutionary times; here the tradition of hand-made Christmas decorations by blowing and hand-painting is preserved.
The profession of a glassblower is original, training takes place only at the enterprise, mastering this work takes time and certain abilities. The work of a glassblower behind a burner is the miraculous transformation of a glass tube into a ball, figures, top, bell, etc. Currently, the plant employs more than a dozen glassblowers. Over the years, entire dynasties have developed in this profession: the Knyazevs, the Buzins, the Zhuravlevs, the Frolovs and others.
About thirty painters are engaged in artistic painting of toys. The Kuzmins, Rumyantsevs, Demidkins and others have been working for generations. When painting glass Christmas balls, various figures, multi-colored brush stroke painting is used, with decorative trimming with various materials. On the balls, snowflakes, and Santa Claus and the Snow Maiden are now depicted as before; rural landscapes are very popular - trees, a church, houses, smoke over a chimney. Many toys are also produced with the symbols of the year according to the eastern horoscope: depending on the year, funny goats, roosters, monkeys, pigs, and bulls are depicted on the balls.
The enterprise retains samples of products manufactured in previous years, these samples serve methodological guide for young painters. Ancient plots, traditional ornaments, sculptures of figurines are used by the plant's craftsmen to create new products. Master artists pay great attention to the natural possibilities of glass, various ways of decorating it. Reflections play brightly on the smooth shiny surface of glass products, with the help of toys a fabulous, mysterious New Year's holiday is created.
The message was prepared based on the materials of E.V. Zhukova
"New Year's toy"
. (folk craft Danilovo village)
In a presentation for older children preschool age"History of Christmas tree decorations" collected material on the emergence and preservation of the tradition in Russia to create Christmas tree decorations and decorate green beauties with them
Download:
Preview:
To use the preview of presentations, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and sign in: https://accounts.google.com
Slides captions:
The history of Christmas tree decorations The history of Christmas tree decorations
New Year's beauty
The first Christmas trees in Russia appeared a very long time ago, but they were not decorated, but they began to do it a little later, repeating the European fashion. There were no Russian-made Christmas toys at that time, they were ordered in Europe. Even then, Christmas decorations were clearly divided into decorations for the wealthy and for those who are poorer. Buying a glass toy for a resident of Russia at that time was the same as buying a car for a modern Russian. Christmas balls were heavy, since they learned how to make thin glass only by the beginning of the 20th century
What kind of toys used to decorate the Christmas tree? glass cardboard
Cotton Porcelain
The first glass toys in Russia began to be made in Klin before the First World War. There, artel craftsmen blew glass products for pharmacies and other needs. But during the war years, captured Germans taught them how to blow balls and beads. By the way, the Klin factory Yolochka, by the way, to this day remains the only factory in Russia that makes beads for Christmas trees.
In addition to glass, toys were made from cardboard. Toys glued from two halves of convex tinted cardboard and wonderful toys were obtained
There were also toys made of cotton wool wound on a wire frame: this is how the figures of children, angels, clowns, and sailors were decorated. Fake fruits made of papier-mâché and velvet were hung on the Christmas trees.
Christmas decorations reflected the history of our country. If there was a military time, then Christmas tree decorations were made by such soldiers - airplanes, various combat vehicles. Even military battles were painted on the balls
When peacetime came, the toys immediately turned into magical fakirs Fairy tale characters
In houses and Christmas trees In animals
Into the Stars In Fruits and Vegetables
And, of course, in a lot of colorful balls!
Christmas tree of your fathers and mothers, grandfathers and grandmothers
Now the Christmas tree is most often decorated with balls
And handmade toys
And Christmas trees are now unusual From balls
Christmas tree growing from the ceiling
Christmas tree all in lanterns
Christmas tree from ties Christmas tree from pencils
But the most beautiful Christmas tree, which is decorated with different toys!
Guys, love, store, appreciate and take care of toys! It's so wonderful when we are all surrounded by BEAUTY!
slide 2
The first decorated Christmas trees appeared a very long time ago - about 400 years ago in Germany. At first, Christmas decorations were only edible, but starting from the 17th century, more durable decorations began to be made: fir cones were gilded, empty eggshells were covered with a thin layer of chased brass. There were also paper flowers and skillful crafts made of cotton wool, Christmas fairies, graceful stars, butterflies and funny figurines of animals appeared from silver foil, and tinsel was made from twisted tin wires. At that time, lit candles were also considered fashionable decorations for the forest beauty, which were attached to the branches with a thin wire - alas, wax Christmas decorations, so beloved in those days, quickly melted from their heat.
slide 3
When did they start decorating the Christmas tree? Christmas balls? According to legend, one day there was a crop failure of apples, which were one of the main decorations on the Christmas tree. Then believers came to the glassblowers with a request to make glass apples for the holiday. Since then, balls have been considered a classic of Christmas tree decorations. It is authentically known that the first Christmas balls were made in 1848 in the town of Lauscha in Thuringia (Germany). They were made of transparent or colored glass, coated on the inside with a layer of lead, and on the outside they were decorated with sparkles.
slide 4
Gradually, the sale of Christmas decorations became profitable business, and in 1867 a gas factory was opened here, the artisans of which, using easily tuned gas burners with a flame of very high temperature, already blew large thin-walled balls. Soon they began to make glass figurines - birds, bunches of grapes in ceramic forms, jugs, even pipes that you could even blow! Women and children painted the products of the masters with gold and silver dust. But after a while, glass was replaced by figures made of cardboard; toys with gold and silver embossing and hand-painted were especially popular. Even later, wooden decorations found their place on the Christmas tree.
Slide 5
In Russia, as you know, the custom is to meet New Year on the night of December 31 to January 1, Tsar Peter the Great introduced, and he also ordered that the spruce should become the main New Year's tree. But only in 1817 did the custom come to dress her up, when for the royal holiday of the Nativity of Christ, a real green forest beauty was brought to the hall of the royal palace, on which gifts for the entire royal family and children easily fit at once. Gradually, the custom of decorating a Christmas tree for the winter holidays took root in the homes of rich people and those who are poorer. Over time, public Christmas trees began to be organized. The first public Christmas tree was arranged in 1852 in St. Petersburg. Almost all toys were imported to Russia from Germany. But there were also many handmade toys.
slide 6
Slide 7
Glass toys were the most expensive. In addition to glass, toys were made from cardboard. The "Dresden cardboard" was very popular - toys glued together from two halves of a convex painted cardboard. Beautiful dolls with paper faces glued to the “body” made of fabric, lace, beads, paper were also hung on Christmas trees. By the 20th century, faces began to be made convex, made of cardboard, and later porcelain. There were also toys made of cotton wool wound on a wire frame: this is how the figures of children, angels, clowns, and sailors were decorated. Fake fruits made of papier-mâché and velvet were hung on the Christmas trees.
Slide 8
Christmas toys made of pressed cardboard.
Slide 9
Then Russian handicraftsmen in small artels began to produce toys from cotton wool, fabric, papier-mâché, glass ...
Slide 10
At the beginning of the 20th century, toys appeared on various topics. Soldiers, astronauts, heroes of cartoons and fairy tales, vegetables and fruits, and much more were produced.
slide 11
From glass tubes, craftsmen collected beads, stars on Christmas tree tops and other toys.
slide 12
Christmas decorations for a long time continued to be made from cotton wool, paper and fabric.
slide 13
Toys were hung by a thread, on a clothespin ...
Slide 14
slide 15
slide 16
Sold in sets and retail.
Slide 17
Ded Moroz and Snegurochka were placed under the Christmas tree
Slide 18
Slide 19
Slide 20
Everywhere and always, for every nation and nationality, the New Year's garland is associated with the anticipation of the holiday. …New Year's garland makes the holiday bright! Shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow, these Christmas decorations create a unique romantic atmosphere on a dark New Year's Eve or, on the contrary, become part of a noisy festive feast, giving joy to both children and adults.
slide 21
One of the main Christmas tree novelties was electric garlands (by the way, the first garlands appeared in the USA at the beginning of the 20th century and were so expensive that they were more often rented than bought. At first, such decoration was not at all harmless: garlands often caused a fire - lamp the glass became hot and the needles flared.Over time, they began to be made of durable glass using persistent dyes).
slide 22
electric garlands, previously a simple chain of light bulbs, today look much more aesthetically pleasing and more diverse. The original form of light bulbs, "dressed" in snowflakes, flowers, berries, make electric garlands one of the most sought-after attributes New Year's holiday, creating a festive mood in an instant.
To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com
Slides captions:
story of christmas toys
How Christmas decorations appeared In the distant past, all Christmas tree decorations were edible - waffle and sugar figurines, nuts, fruits and vegetables, sweets.
How Christmas decorations appeared Toys were also made from rags, straw and colored ribbons.
How Christmas decorations appeared In the 18th century, colorful paper flowers, angels, appeared. They gilded nuts and cones, painted eggshells, wove chains.
How Christmas decorations appeared At the beginning of the 20th century, Christmas trees were decorated with cotton toys and paper garlands. Cotton toys were made from twisted pressed cotton, which was wound on skeleton frames in the form of animals and people. The painted blanks were covered with a starch paste with mica, which made them hard and slightly shiny.
How Christmas decorations appeared By the middle of the 20th century, the assortment of Christmas decorations became very rich, although they were made from less effective materials than today. But a lot of imagination was invested in them. A variety of birds and animals were stamped from silver-plated cardboard.
How Christmas decorations appeared In the second half of the 20th century, the first Christmas balls were made in Russia from transparent or colored glass. Silver and gold dust was used to paint Christmas decorations. Each toy is handmade.
How Christmas tree decorations appeared The glassblowers' fantasy knew no bounds: they made birds, Santa Clauses, bunches of grapes, as well as all sorts of things - whoever comes to mind: jugs, pipes, in which you could even blow. Christmas decorations changed depending on the fashion.
How Christmas decorations appeared We produced toys depicting technology
How Christmas decorations appeared in the form of vegetables and fruits
How Christmas decorations appeared In the form of space satellites and astronauts
How Christmas decorations appeared in the form of Santa Claus and the Snow Maiden
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
The history of the New Year's toy
This presentation is intended for students in grades 3-4. It shows in detail the process of making Christmas tree decorations, used a lot of photos....
New Year's toy "Ball" (step by step drawing)
Step by step drawing New Year's toys"Ball". A resource for art lessons and extracurricular activities. This resource can be used for individual, group and collective work....