Book Review: David Caruso, Peter Salovey "The Emotional Intelligence of the Executive". Caruso, Salovey: The Emotional Intelligence of the Executive. How to Develop and Apply the Emotional Intelligence of a Caruso Leader

Dear friends, We are pleased to inform you that the registration of participants for David Caruso's practical course "Emotional Intelligence as a Management Tool" is open.

David R. Caruso— Ph. D., professor at Yale University. He is one of the founders of the original scientific concept of Emotional Intelligence, co-author of the test to determine the level of emotional intelligence - MSCEIT (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test - the most developed and relevant testing methodology emotional intelligence).

David Caruso conducts training programs for professionals in the US, Canada, Japan, Dubai, Spain, Germany, Lithuania, Australia and India. In business, he has held various positions in the field marketing research, strategic planning and sales management; has experience in numerous developments and implementations marketing strategies promoting new product lines in the United States and Europe.

  1. Perceive, be aware of your emotions and recognize the emotions of other people.
  2. Use emotions to effective solution tasks in business and personal life.
  3. Understand and analyze emotions and their causes.
  4. Consciously manage your own emotions and the emotions of others.

These methods and techniques serve as a template, or more simply, they are called the Emotional Intelligence Development Plan. Workshop participants gain self-understanding, develop new skills, but most importantly, they learn a process that they can use to deal with difficult situations and problems in their work and life.

The uniqueness and attractiveness of this concept of Emotional Intelligence lies in the fact that it offers a different view of the mental abilities of a person. Emotions are considered in commonwealth with the mind, and not in opposition to each other, that is, intellectual work with emotions aimed at the success and efficiency of both a particular person and the whole organization.

Exercises and techniques from the program of D. Caruso:

  • "Emotional Intelligence Development Plan". Presentation of the 4 steps, a structured approach to emotions and problem solving. Participants make their own plans in the workshop.
  • "7 ways to communicate through the expression of emotions." Many of the ways we communicate are non-verbal and these techniques encourage participants to better recognize and express a range of emotions.
  • "Moods corresponding to the tasks." There is no need to be happy all the time! In fact, this technique helps people solve different tasks according to different moods for better performance.
  • "Methods of conscious control of emotions." Sometimes we all suppress emotions, but we do it primitively. Consider and analyze modern techniques for managing and expressing emotions.
  • "Smart Emotions". We analyze examples of "smart emotions", learn self-control and deliberate expression of emotions to get the best result. We use emotions as resources necessary for making the right decisions.
  • "Reading people". In many cultures, emotions are displayed by people only for a short time, and then muffled. Micro-expression training increases your level of emotion recognition.
  • "Leader-mood". This technique is dedicated to determining the role of emotions in company leadership and team management.
  • "Rules of Cultural Identification". Emotions have universal root causes, but each of them obeys unique rules about which emotions are best to show and which to hide.

About the basic program of the course "Development of emotional intelligence"

To date, the methodology has been adapted for specialized, corporate and individual training programs, such as "The Emotional Intelligence of a Manager", "The Art of Emotional Selling", " Emotional Leadership", "Emotional intelligence as corporate culture", "Skill of public speaking", "Personnel management", etc.

This is a multi-level program that allows you to develop emotional competence, understand the true role and influence of emotions on the success of people and businesses, learn how to manage emotions in various life situations, control and influence the emotional climate in a team.

The scientific director of the program for the development of emotional intelligence in Russia is Elena Khlevnaya (MBA, Ph. D. in Economics and Psychology, Head of Laboratory of behavioral economics and analytical consulting REU of Plekhanov).

The Russian program of the Course "Development of Emotional Intelligence" was approved by the international scientific community at the 4th International Scientific Congress "International Congress on Emotional Intelligence (ICEI) in 2013, as well as at the 28th International Congress on Applied Psychology in Paris in 2014 .

You can join the group of the basic stage of the course "Development of Emotional Intelligence", where you will get acquainted with new techniques and methodology for the development of emotional competencies and emotional intelligence.

All participants receive a free MSCEIT test (determining the level of emotional intelligence).

For professional business trainers there will be a 2-day Tutor master block.

Development of professional skills and competencies of Emotional Intelligence Development Tutors according to the standards of the European Association of Cultural and Emotionally Intelligent Projects (E.A. C.E. I.P.) Integration of professional tools necessary for joining the association.

Details on the site.

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PHOTO Nikolai Gulakov

David R. Caruso is a psychologist and management specialist at the Yale University Center for Emotional Intelligence (USA). Co-author of the concept of emotional intelligence (together with P. Salovey and J.D. Mayer), co-author of the most authoritative test for determining the level of emotional intelligence MSCEIT (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test). Conducts seminars and trainings on Co-author (with Peter Salovey) of Executive Emotional Intelligence: How to Develop and Apply (Peter, 2016).

psychology:

We all know about emotional intellect thanks to Daniel Goleman, who made it an exceptionally popular and at the same time vague concept. How would you define emotional intelligence in the strict scientific sense?

David R. Caruso:

The idea of ​​emotional intelligence (EI) was first proposed and developed in 1990 by two psychologists, John Mayer and Peter Salovey. Their work was published only in academic publications, so the general public knew nothing about them. And then Daniel Goleman, a great writer, came along and wrote a book about emotional intelligence. In essence, this is a story about the power of marketing. He recast the idea of ​​emotional intelligence in his own words and the way he understood it, and made it available to everyone. And it was great: if not for his book, I would not be here today, no one would have known about EI. But Goleman, retelling our ideas, greatly expanded them. From our point of view, EI is not what makes someone good or happy man; we are talking about our skills, about how we are able to recognize emotions (how I feel, how other people feel), understand the causes of emotions, experience different emotions, show empathy.

PHOTO Nikolai Gulakov

The HS Digital in Trend conference for digital marketing professionals, organized by Hearst Shkulev Digital, took place on March 31, 2016 at the Infoprostranstvo event hall.

When is the best time to start developing these abilities? How long does it take to master basic skills?

D.K.:

In an ideal world, emotional intelligence should be developed in early childhood. But we live in an imperfect world, so fifteen years ago we created a program to teach these skills. Because EI is, first of all, skills. And we train first of all managers and heads of enterprises, because they have a great influence on the emotional climate in the organization. Now our ideas are being implemented in schools: we teach teachers how to use emotions in the learning process and how to develop emotional intelligence in children.

We all recognize emotions the same way and feel the same way. Culture sets the rules for when and how we express emotions.

If we talk about top managers, basic skills can be taught in a couple of hours or in a day. Sometimes we call it the Emotion GPS Navigation System. Some people lack spatial intelligence. We can teach them how to read a map and how to navigate a map, but that could take a year. Another way out is to buy them a navigator. It's the same with emotional intelligence. To begin with, we can test you: what are your strengths and where are your weaknesses. Let's say you're not very good at reading other people's emotions. Knowing this, we can teach you to better understand emotions or ask the right questions. When you ask, “How did you like my presentation?” and another responds, “Oh…that was great!”, you may not hear the intonation and realize that it was actually a terrible presentation. Therefore, we will teach you to ask: “On a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 is bad and 10 is great, what do you think of my presentation?” And they will answer you: "I think it was 8." After that, if I were you, I would ask: “What do I need to do to make my presentation a top ten?” And you can be sure that the interlocutor will give you 25 tips for possible improvements.

Are there national and cultural differences in EI levels?

D.K.:

I travel a lot and in addition we have research data. The main difference is how emotionally expressive the inhabitants of a particular country are. Russian culture, for example, is more about emotional restraint. But this does not mean at all that Russians experience emotions less or less often. I was in China for the presentation of our book, and before that I was in Japan, and everywhere the culture is different. But on a deeper level, all people are the same. Our data show that we all recognize emotions in the same way and feel them the same way. And culture sets the framework that determines when and how we express emotions. And in general: culture interests me less than individual people. Perhaps your friends and acquaintances express their feelings in different ways. But one should not think that someone who does not know how or does not want to express his emotions has a weaker EI. Sometimes they are even emotionally smarter, because they listen, process information, understand it.

Our readers love to look for traits of extroverts and introverts in themselves. Is our way of behaving and expressing emotions related to emotional intelligence?

D.K.:

No, these are absolutely unrelated things! There are high EI introverts and high EI extroverts. But from the outside it looks a little different. The most difficult combination is, of course, low emotional intelligence and pronounced extraversion. Such a person will explain to you how you feel, tell you “You are angry about something today,” and if you do not agree, he will accuse you of simply defending yourself, and it is useless to refute his words. Emotionally intelligent introverts, on the other hand, process information in their heads and don't show their feelings. Sometimes they don't seem to go into too much at all, but at the end of the conversation they can summarize it and tell you exactly how you felt and how they felt. And then you realize that they are good at managing their emotions; as a result of such a conversation, you will feel much better, although you will be surprised how much everything turned out to be happening with the interlocutor inside.

How does the spread of virtual communication affect emotional intelligence? When we do not see the interlocutor, how can we read his emotions?

D.K.:

Online communication is very poor, we have very little information about the other person there. When we meet face to face, we have body language, facial expressions, tone of voice... And when we exchange text messages or emails, or write a post on a social network, we lose a significant part of this wealth. But, on the other hand, I have high hopes for technology. I am sure that in the near future they will allow us to be much "emotionally smarter" online. Already, there are systems that allow using a webcam to recognize the emotional state of someone who is in the frame: the camera can “read” emotions. And I predict that very soon, in the next few years, we will have tools that will allow us to convey emotions in text messages more accurately than we do now. Emoticons are already better than nothing, but I think that we will have much more advanced and sophisticated tools that will help us choose the most appropriate word to describe what we feel.

1 Read the second part of the interview with David Caruso in the June issue of Psychologies.

The concept (EI) was introduced into business circulation by numerous MBA schools, in which entire courses are devoted to the teaching of this discipline. David Caruso and Peter Salovey's book The Emotional Intelligence of a Leader. How to develop and apply” will make this knowledge available to the Russian reader as well.

Emotional intelligence is understood as a set of emotional and intuitive characteristics that help the leader make decisions without preliminary analysis them, based on their own experience and understanding of the characteristics of human behavior and emotions. The abbreviation EI is familiar to everyone who seriously studies control theory.

About authors

INTERESTING! The university is a member of the famous Ivy League, whose graduates traditionally occupy leading positions in the US administration.

As one of the authors of the concept of EI, together with Peter Salovey, he co-authored the famous MSCEIT test (The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Tests). For many years he has been teaching the skills of its use to senior managers around the world, he has worked with a number of business representatives in Russia as well.

Peter Salovey is an American social psychologist who served as the 23rd president of Yale University. He has written about 10 books and hundreds of articles on the study of emotions.

Prices for David Caruso, Peter Salovey The Emotional Intelligence of an Executive

About the book

The book completely changes the way you look at emotions in the life of a business leader. If earlier all management theories assumed the need to hide emotions and show their impartiality and detachment to subordinates and partners, then modern theories consider the manifestation of feelings and their management as one of the effective management tools.

The structure of emotional intelligence includes the ability to:

  • recognize the emotions of the interlocutor;
  • perceive and evaluate the intentions of the interlocutor;
  • manage your emotions;
  • manage the emotions of others;
  • use these personal skills to solve practical problems.

The formation of a holistic concept of EI is impossible without intuition and the ability to be charming. In order to more accurately measure human abilities and to develop a test, the authors narrowed this concept a bit and included in it:

  • perception of the emotions of others and identification of their own;
  • using emotions to stimulate one's own thinking;
  • understanding the causes of emotions, the ability to catch the transition between emotion and thought;
  • emotion management.

For each group of emotions, actions are proposed that are best performed in this state. So, sadness will be the optimal state for editing documents and handling complaints, anger is good for motivating employees and conducting tough negotiations, joy is for brainstorming or command building.

At the same time, EI is not considered a static phenomenon, once given to a person and frozen, but as a set of abilities that need to be developed. Emotions are seen as a catalyst for decision-making, a way to accelerate the development of mental abilities. The authors give methods of such development.

The concept of “having fun is more profitable than smart” does not fully reflect the idea of ​​​​the book, but gives a general understanding of exactly how emotions can be used to achieve success.

What readers say about the book

Reviews from readers of the book are not varied. Most of them are already familiar with the main postulates of the book and the significance of the theory of the authors, so the reviews are written in a complimentary way.

The study of "The Emotional Intelligence of a Manager" should be carried out along with passing tests developed by the authors and keeping a diary of observations, in which case the effect of reading it will be significantly higher, readers believe.

David Caruso can be safely attributed to the category of professionals about whom they say: "He stood at the origins ...". David Caruso is one of the authors of perhaps the most famous methodological test, the results of which can reveal the level of emotional intelligence (EQ msceit).

Emotional-intellectual management

In the process of scientific research, scientists have trained several thousand managers from around the world to apply the acquired skills in practice and have developed a test to determine the level of emotional intelligence.

Teaming up with fellow American scientists Peter Salovey and John Mayer, Caruso, after numerous experiments on the study of EQ, put the results on paper and then published them. According to the co-authors of the book, one of whom is David Caruso, emotional intelligence (the book is called "The Emotional Intelligence of the Manager") is an important link in business relationships.

The co-scientists mentioned above came together to collaborate about 30 years ago. According to the authors of the book, the mental faculties of an excited person (or emotional intelligence) consist of several "applications":

  • conscious settlement of impressions;
  • understanding emotions;
  • fusion of feelings in thinking;
  • ability to recognize and express emotions.

In addition to many academic articles and the aforementioned book shedding light on emotional intelligence management, David Caruso (films on this topic can be found on YouTube and other video content) and his followers are the creators of thematic video lessons.

Activities of David Caruso

By David Caruso scientific developments in psychology and two years of experience in the Department of Psychological Development at Yale University. The result of the work done was a doctorate and membership in the State Institute of Mental Health in the United States of America.

Despite such a track record, David Caruso is not an indifferent theorist. Remaining devoted to science, he was involved in research of a different nature, devoted to "earthly" matters: strategic planning and building a product line. In addition, Caruso led production teams, developed new products and took care of the qualifications of service personnel.

Today, as the owner of his own company, Dr. Caruso conducts business trainings on leadership development and opportunity assessment career development not forgetting emotional intelligence counseling.

EI Skills activities

The EI Skills company, created and owned by David Caruso (emotional intelligence and everything connected with it is the company's field of activity), took over the organization and conduct of trainings for professional coaches, among which are people of different nationalities and citizens different countries: Americans, Brazilians, Peruvians, Canadians, Japanese, Koreans, Russians, Arabians, British, Spaniards, Italians, French, Germans, Lithuanians, Australians and Indians.

The concept of "emotional intelligence" appeared and then spread in Western scientific circles in the 1990s. It consists of experience, skills and habits acquired in the process of perception, and the ability to manage your emotions.

Unlike dissident specialists, David Caruso sees a close relationship between emotional intelligence and traditional intelligence, since emotions, in his opinion, can also be information carriers.

Emotional Intelligence: What is it?

There are several answers to this question. So says David Caruso - one of the authors this concept. It all depends on who exactly the question is asked, how it can be interpreted and by what methods it can be applied in practice. Per recent times there are many consultants, business coaches, psychotherapists who use the concept of "emotional intelligence" in their practice.

Recently, the concept of emotional intelligence has been used in relation to many other concepts, such as self-confidence, sensitivity, and ability to communicate. Official science considers the concept of emotional intelligence as the ability to perceive and "digest" the information contained in feelings, as well as determine the meaning of the latter and their relationship.

The purpose of scientific research is to teach a person to use the information contained in emotions as a knowledge base necessary to master the principles of effective thinking and the ability to make decisions independently.

The technique is a test aimed at measuring emotional intelligence within the framework of the concept proposed by the authors. The test consists of 8 sections, 2 of which are non-verbal material, and 6 - verbal. The structure of the test closely resembles classical "intelligence tests" such as the Wechsler Test or Guilford's Social Intelligence Test.

Theoretical basis

Main article: Emotional intellect

This methodology is based on one of the most extensive and detailed theoretical frameworks describing emotional intelligence:

Validation

original technique

During the validation of the original American version of the methodology on English language two principles for evaluating responses were used: expert and consensus. The expert option assumes that there are correct and incorrect answers, the correct (or more correct) ones are those that were chosen by a group of experts in the field (as, for example, it was done during the validation of the TOBOL questionnaire). The consensus variant assumes that the correct variant is the one that was chosen by the majority of the population sample during the initial testing. In the American version of the test, preference was given to the expert principle of evaluating responses.

During the validation process, a four-factor model of the test structure was also confirmed.

Russian version

During the validation process, the Russian version of the test was not used expert opinions, the consensus approach was preferred.

Also, during the validation process, the four-factor model of the test structure was not confirmed, the two-factor model, which includes the “experienced” and “strategic” domains of emotional abilities, turned out to be more reliable. The "experienced" domain corresponds to the factors of the original methodology of the ability to perceive, evaluate and express emotions and the ability to emotional facilitation of thinking; "strategic" - the ability to understand and analyze emotional information and the ability to reflectively regulate emotions.

Internal structure

The technique consists of 8 sections. For each component of the model of emotional intelligence by J. Mayer, P. Salovey and D. Caruso, there are 2 sections.

I. Perception, evaluation and expression of emotions or identification of emotions - sections A(face perception measurement) and E(measurement of perception of pictures). II. Using emotions to improve the efficiency of thinking and activity - sections B(measures the ability to assimilate one's current experience, describe one's feelings for a particular person) and F(measures a person's ability to describe their emotional states). III. Understanding and analyzing emotions - sections C(the understanding of the flow of emotions in time was studied, as well as the understanding of how emotions follow one another, replace each other) and G(a measure of the ability to distinguish between mixed and complex feelings). IV. Conscious Emotion Management for Personal Growth and Improved Interpersonal Relationships - Sections D(managing your emotions) and H(managing other people's emotions). The subjects were asked to imagine themselves in the place of the heroes of the story they proposed and evaluate options for further actions. Section A consists of 4 photographs of people's faces, which must be assessed by the degree of expression of 5 emotions for the test participant. In total, there are 7 emotions in the section: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise, excitement. The severity of emotions is assessed on a 5-point scale from 1 - the least severity to 5 - strong severity. Section B consists of 5 verbal tasks aimed at understanding what emotions contribute to more efficient performance of various kinds of activities. The test participant must determine how useful it will be to experience this or that emotion in this situation. In total, each question offered 3 emotions, which are evaluated on a 5-point scale from 1 - Does not help to 5 - Helps. Section C consists of 20 descriptions various situations with 6 answer options each, in which the characters experience different emotional states. Understanding the situational conditioning of emotions involves both a cognitive understanding of the meaning of the situation and the experience of experiencing similar states. For each question, you must choose the most appropriate answer. Section D is about the ability to effectively manage your emotions. The section offers 5 stories that describe certain events. Each story has 4 options for continuing. The subject must evaluate each continuation of the story in terms of how such actions can lead to good mood or keeping it with the protagonist. Evaluation is made on a 5-point scale from a - very ineffective to e - very effective. Section E, which is also included in the scale of perception and identification of emotions, is 6 non-verbal tests that should reveal the ability to capture the general moods contained in the environment: concrete landscapes and abstract forms. Each picture must be evaluated according to the degree of severity, choosing from 5 emotions. As in section A, a set of 7 emotions is presented: happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, disgust, fear, excitement. However, the severity of each emotion should be assessed not on a scale from 1 to 5, but with the help of schematic pictures. Each emotion is accompanied by a row of 5 images of a sketchy face that expresses this emotion from the smallest manifestation to the strongest. Section F This scale also consists of 5 verbal tasks aimed at finding the designations of emotional states and connecting verbalized emotions and undifferentiated sensations. Section G consists of 12 statements that reveal the degree of understanding of the meaning of certain emotions, the complexity of combining emotions in one feeling. Section H is aimed at assessing the ability to manage the emotions of other people. It offers 3 situations. In each situation, the history of relationships and the possibility of understanding how to influence them are described. Three options for continuing this relationship are presented. The subject must evaluate on a 5-point scale the effectiveness of actions in each continuation in maintaining a good relationship. The rating is given from a - Very ineffective to e - Very effective.

Interpretation

General principles

The scoring algorithm starts by calculating 8 sections of the test. Each respondent's answer is assigned a score based on consensus or sample frequency results. The next step is to calculate the average score for each section. Next, the scores for each branch are calculated, which are the average between the scores for the sections. The total score is calculated as the average of all 8 sections of the test.

Translation into the walls

Converting raw scores on MSCEIT scales into walls for men

Walls Emotion identification Understanding and analyzing emotions Conscious control of emotions Total score
1 0,197-0,267 0,213-0,249 0,165-0,297 0,145-0,215 0,051-0,275
2 0,268-0,299 0,25-0,273 0,298-0,331 0,216-0,237 0,276-0,298
3 0,3-0,331 0,274-0,298 0,332-0,365 0,238-0,259 0,299-0,322
4 0,332-0,363 0,299-0,322 0,366-0,399 0,26-0,281 0,323-0,345
5 0,363-0,395 0,323-0,347 0,4-0,433 0,282-0,303 0,346-0,369
6 0,396-0,427 0,348-0,371 0,444-0,467 0,304-0,325 0,37-0,392
7 0,428-0,459 0,372-0,396 0,468-0,501 0,326-0,347 0,393-0,416
8 0,46-0,491 0,397-0,42 0,502-0,535 0,348-0,369 0,417-0,439
9 0,492-0,523 0,421-0,445 0,536-0,569 0,37-0,391 0,44-0,463
10 0,524-0,58 0,446-0,447 0,569-0,586 0,392-0,412 0,464-0,482

Converting raw scores on MSCEIT scales to walls for women

walls Emotion identification Using emotions in problem solving Understanding and analyzing emotions Conscious control of emotions Total score
1 0,197-0,299 0,201-0,275 0,171-0,342 0,184-0,241 0,251-0,32
2 0,3-0,328 0,276-0,298 0,343-0,37 0,242-0,261 0,321-0,337
3 0,329-0,358 0,299-0,321 0,371-0,399 0,262-0,282 0,338-0,355
4 0,359-0,387 0,322-0,344 0,4-0,427 0,283-0,302 0,356-0,372
5 0,388-0,417 0,345-0,367 0,428-0,456 0,303-0,323 0,373-0,39
6 0,418-0,446 0,368-0,39 0,457-0,484 0,324-0,343 0,391-0,407
7 0,447-0,476 0,391-0,413 0,485-0,513 0,344-0,364 0,408-0,425
8 0,477-0,505 0,414-0,436 0,514-0,541 0,365-0,384 0,425-0,442
9 0,506-0,535 0,436-0,459 0,542-0,57 0,384-0,405 0,443-0,46
10 0,536-0,548 0,46-0,476 0,571-0,597 0,405-0,408 0,461-0,75

Practical value

The results of a psychometric test of the characteristics of the Russian translation of the Emotional Intelligence test MSCEIT V. 2.0 show that this technique corresponds minimum requirements required for research methods, and can be used for these purposes. The identified individual low psychometric indicators do not prevent the use of the test, but indicate the need for further work on adapting and standardizing the test.

The authors of the adaptation report that, first of all, work will be carried out with “weak” test items that affect the reliability of the test. Work has already begun on comparing MSCEIT V. 2.0 with other methodologies that study emotional intelligence and emotional regulation. According to the authors of the adaptation, the results of comparing the reliability coefficients for all primary and summary scales of the test show that, in general, the reliability coefficients in the Russian sample are inferior to the American ones, but certain levels generalizations become sufficient to recognize the test as psychometrically adequate. Reliability factors range from 0.79 (E scale) to 0.30 (H scale).

Stimulus material

Test book

Answer form

Literature

  1. Sergienko E.A., Vetrova I.I. Emotional intelligence test by J. Mayer, P. Salovey and D. Caruso (MSCEIT V. 2.0). Management. Publishing house "Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences". Moscow - 2010.