To main
section six
General information about the organization of labor
turner and about the technological process
turning
Chapter XXI
Technical norm of time and production rate
1. The concept of the technical norm of time and the norm of output
The most important task of the socialist organization of production is the systematic increase in labor productivity. High labor productivity is the basis of the economic might of a socialist state.
The time allotted for the execution of a particular operation is called norm of time and is calculated in minutes or hours.
The task that is given to the turner in the form of the number of parts to be processed in a particular operation per hour or per shift is called production rate.
The time limit is determined on the basis of the achieved best organization labor and workplace, the most efficient use of the machine and tools, the use of the most productive cutting conditions and taking into account the experience of advanced turners. This time limit is called technical norm of time, and the method for determining it is called technical regulation.
Since, thanks to socialist emulation, our industry is rapidly advancing, and production technology, equipment and tools are constantly being improved, the technical standards of the time cannot remain unchanged. Along with the improvement of technology and the means of production, together with an increase in the technical and cultural level of the worker, an improvement in the organization of labor, labor productivity grows and, consequently, technical standards must change.
2. The composition of the technical norm
The technical norm of time for performing a turning operation consists of the preparatory and final time for a batch and piece time for the manufacture of one part.
Preparatory - final time takes into account the worker's time spent on familiarizing himself with the task, drawing and operational map, preparing the workplace, setting up the machine (including installing and removing fixtures and tools), trial processing of the part, setting speeds and feeds, design and delivery finished products etc.
The preparatory and final time is spent by the worker once to complete the production task, and its duration does not depend on the size of the lot (the number of parts).
Piece time consists of main(technological) time, auxiliary time, time workplace maintenance, time breaks for rest and personal needs.
The main time in turning operations is the time during which the part is subjected to the chip removal process.
The main time is indicated by T about and can be:
a) machine, if chip removal occurs during the mechanical feed of the tool;
b) machine-manual if chip removal occurs with manual tool feed.
The main time can also be manual (but not in turning operations, for example, in metalwork and assembly work).
The main (machine) time for all types of turning considered in this tutorial is calculated by the formula
where s is the feed of the tool (cutter, drill, reamer) per spindle revolution in mm;
n is the number of spindle revolutions per minute;
L is the estimated processing length, defined as the sum
L= l+y,
where l- length of processing in the feed direction in mm;
y is the value of the tool infeed in mm.
In cases where the processing of a part is performed not in one, but in several passes of the tool, the main (machine) time is calculated by the formula
where i is the number of tool passes.
Auxiliary time is spent by the worker on activities of an auxiliary nature, the purpose of which is to ensure the performance of the main work.
Auxiliary time denoted Tv and includes the time for installing, clamping and removing parts, for controlling the machine (starting, stopping, switching speeds and feeds), approaching and retracting the cutter, measuring a part, etc.
The sum of main and auxiliary time is operational time . It is spent on work, the immediate result of which is the performance of a given operation. Operational time is denoted by T op.
Workplace service time T obs represents the time spent by the worker on caring for the workplace and maintaining it in working condition. This includes the time spent on changing a dull tool, adjusting the tool and adjusting the machine during operation, sweeping chips, lubricating and cleaning the machine, laying out and cleaning tools at the beginning and end of the shift.
Break times for rest and personal needs. The time of breaks for rest T otd depends on the working conditions and is included in the working time only when performing physically heavy work or in some cases during in-line (conveyor) work. Time for personal needs is taken at a rate of 2% of the operational time.
3. Tariffication of works
To pay turners and other workers of machine-building plants, a tariff system is used, which is based on tariff scale, tariff coefficient and tariff rates.
The purpose of the tariff scale is to establish the ratio of wages for workers of different qualifications using tariff coefficients. At machine-building plants, all workers and all types of work are divided into eight categories depending on qualifications.
Tariff coefficient shows how many times the tariff rate of a worker of this category exceeds the tariff rate of a worker of the 1st category.
Tariff rate determines the absolute amount of wages of a worker of this category per unit of working time (usually for 1 hour).
The tariff rate of hourly payment of any category provided for by the tariff scale is determined by the rate of the 1st category, multiplied by the corresponding tariff coefficient assigned to this category.
For each plant, depending on its importance in the national economy, on its location, on the complexity of the technology and other conditions, tariff rates The 1st category of pieceworkers and time workers, according to which rates are determined for workers of all categories.
Knowing the technical norm of time for the performance of this turning operation and the tariff hourly rate turner of a given qualification (category), it is easy to establish rates for this operation.
4. Pay systems
Payment for labor in the USSR is carried out in accordance with the basic principle of socialism, written in Art. 12th Constitution of the USSR: "from each according to his abilities, to each according to his work."
The socialist organization of production excludes equalization in wages and sets a level wages depending on the productivity and qualifications of the worker, on the importance of the given branch of the economy.
The correct organization of wages is the most important condition for the growth of production.
There are several types of wages.
Piecework is such a system of payment, when wages depend on the quantity and quality of processed parts. The more turner in working time manufactured and handed over to the quality control department of parts, the more wages he is due.
Direct piecework pay is the main form of wages in engineering. It consists in the fact that workers are paid for the work performed at fixed piece rates per unit of output, regardless of the degree to which the current output standards are met.
To strengthen the role of wages in the struggle to increase output and to overfulfill the norms, piecework progressive pay labor.
Its basic principle is that the piece-rate for the processing of one part remains unchanged until the worker reaches a certain rate of output established by the task for certain period time. But as soon as this limit is exceeded, for each subsequent manufactured part the worker receives no longer the previous rate, but a new, higher one, and, moreover, progressively increasing depending on the growth of output.
Below is an example of a scale for increasing basic piece rates with piece-progressive wages:
In those areas of work where a piecework wage system cannot be introduced, labor is paid taking into account the amount of time spent. This payment system is called time-based.
With time-based wages, workers of various qualifications are set the appropriate rates, which determine their earnings in accordance with the hours worked, without a direct dependence on the amount of work performed.
The disadvantage of time wages is that they do not stimulate the increase in labor productivity and do not create a direct interest among workers in rational use working time, in the consolidation of the working day, in the elimination of unproductive losses and in the development of advanced methods of work.
Time-based payment is most common in various kinds of auxiliary work on servicing the main production by the current repair of equipment, setting up machine tools, repairing tools, transport work, etc.
To enhance the incentive value of time wages, it is used in combination with premium pay stimulating the consolidation of the working day and improving the quality of work of time workers (adjusters, crane operators, oilers, repairmen etc.).
test questions 1. What is the technical norm of time?
2. What elements make up the technical norm of time?
3. What is the preparatory-closing time?
4. How to determine the main time for the operation?
5. What is called auxiliary time?
6. Due to what part of the norm of time can labor productivity be increased?
7. What is the tariff scale? How many categories are in the tariff scale of machine builders?
8. What wage systems do you know?
9. What is piecework wages?
10. What is time wages?
A technically justified norm of time is understood as the time required to perform a given amount of work (operation) under certain organizational and technical conditions.
The norm of piece time is the norm of time to perform the amount of work equal to the unit of rationing, to perform a technological operation.
The technical norms of time in the conditions of mass and serial production are established by the calculation and analytical method.
AT serial production the norm of piece-calculation time T sh-k is determined:
in mass production, the norm of piece time T pcs is determined:
T pcs \u003d t o + t in + t about + t from, (3.54)
where T p-z - preparatory and final time for a batch of parts, min.;
n is the number of parts in the tuning batch, pcs.;
t o - main time, min.;
t in - auxiliary time, min.
Auxiliary time consists of the time spent on individual techniques:
t in \u003d t u.s + t c.o + t o + t from, (3.55)
t c.s. - time to install and remove the part, min.;
t z.o - time for fixing and detaching the part, min .;
t pack - time for control methods, min.;
t out - time to measure the part, min.;
t about - time for maintenance of the workplace, min.
The time for servicing the workplace t about in mass and serial production is the sum of the time for organizational maintenance t org and the time for Maintenance t those workstations:
t about \u003d t those + t org; (3.56)
t from - time of breaks for rest and personal needs, min.
The normalization of the operation is carried out in accordance with the selected processing methods.
In the course project, give an analytical calculation of the main time t o for only one operation. For all other operations, the main time can be set according to normative reference books or according to the basic technological process.
The main (technological) time t o is determined by the calculation for all processing transitions, taking into account the combination of transitions (for machine work) according to the formula
where l- the estimated length of the surface to be machined (the estimated stroke length of the tool or workpiece in the feed direction), mm;
i– number of working moves;
S m - minute feed of the tool, mm / min.
In general, the estimated length of the machined surface
l \u003d l o + l BP + l p + l cx,(3.58)
where l o is the length of the treated surface in the feed direction, mm;
l vr – tool insertion length, mm;
l n is the length of the tool approach to the workpiece, mm;
lсх - length of overrun (descent) of the tool, mm.
Length l o taken from the drawing of the processed surface of the workpiece; l vr, l P, l cx is determined according to the standards ( l n = l cx » 1…2 mm). Meaning l vp can be determined by calculation according to the processing scheme.
Auxiliary time is set according to the standards for each transition.
The sum of main and auxiliary time is called operational time.
t op = t o + t in (3.59)
The auxiliary time can be overlapped main time, partially overlapped and non-overlapped.
Overlapped time - the time for the worker to perform those techniques that are carried out during the period of automatic operation of the equipment. This time is not included in the standard time. Non-overlapping time - the norm of the time for the worker to perform techniques with the equipment stopped and the time spent on machine-manual techniques.
When transitions are performed sequentially, to determine the operational time, it is necessary to sum up all the main and auxiliary times for all transitions of this operation and only after that determine the remaining components of the unit time norm. When transitions are performed in parallel, the main and auxiliary time for the operation is taken according to the long processing transition.
The maintenance time t of those is set as a percentage (up to 4-6%) of the main or operational time.
Organizational service time t org is set (up to 4-8%) of the operational time.
The time of breaks in work for rest t from is set as a percentage (» 2.5%) of the operational time.
Preparatory-preparatory t p-z - the time interval spent on preparing performers and technological equipment to perform a technological operation and putting them in order after the end of the shift or the completion of this operation. This time is determined according to the time standards, which include the adjustment of technological equipment; familiarization with the work (drawing, process map, instructions); obtaining materials, tools, etc.; after the processing of a batch of blanks is completed - the delivery of manufactured parts, the removal of technological equipment from the machine, bringing the equipment into working condition, etc. The preparatory and final time is determined according to the standards, depending on the equipment and the nature of the work.
With multi-tool parallel, parallel-sequential or sequential processing (see Appendix 15), the main time is calculated by the formula (3.57) for each support. The total main time t o.gen is determined depending on the processing scheme.
For sequential processing
, (3.60)
where h is the number of calipers or the number of sequentially working tools;
t o.s.last - the main time for each caliper or each tool.
With parallel processing
t o.total = t o.s.par. max , (3.61)
where t o.s.par. max is the longest main time of one of the calipers or one of the tools.
With parallel-sequential processing
(3.62)
Other components of the piece time for multi-tool processing are the same as for processing with one tool.
There are special standards according to which cutting conditions are set and individual elements of the piece time rate are determined when working on CNC machines. The use of CNC machines opens up opportunities for multi-machine work, the regulation of which is considered in the special literature.
The results of calculations of technical time standards are summarized in table 3.28.
Table 3.28
Summary table of technical time standards for operations
| Number and name of the operation | t about, min | t in | t about | t from | t pcs | t p-z | n | t sh-k | |||
| t | t pack | t from | t those | torg | |||||||
Labor intensity of operations
(3.63)
where m is the number of operations.
The category of work performed is determined by the tariff-qualification guide. For enlarged calculations, you can use the data below (Table 3.29).
Table 3.29
Average categories of work of machine operators
Enter all calculated values of technical time standards into the route and operational charts of technological documentation.
Under the technical norm of time, it is customary to understand the time required to process a particular part in a certain technological process of its manufacture.
The technical norm of time is established on the basis of the most advanced production technology, the most economically feasible use of machine tools and tools, and rational organization labor, taking into account the experience of leading workers in production.
When determining the technical norm of time, it must be borne in mind that, firstly, the machine operator must not perform the work that is provided for auxiliary workers (for example, bring material, etc.), and secondly, losses associated with with organizational and technical problems, - the norm of time should be based on the conditions for uninterrupted maintenance of the workplace, and, finally, thirdly, processing allowances, grade and quality of the material must comply with the specifications.
Deviations from these normal conditions are specially taken into account by the standardizer in each individual case.
In case of deviation from normal working conditions, the worker receives a separate extra charge to compensate for the additional cost of his labor.
The production rate determines the amount of work that must be completed in a certain time (per hour or during a shift). The production rate is measured by the number of parts manufactured per hour or more often - per shift.
The rate of production depends on the rate of time; it can be determined only after it becomes known how much time must be spent on the manufacture of one part.
If we denote the norm of time through N vr in minutes, and the norm of output through N vyr, then the norm of output for a seven-hour working day will be N vyr \u003d 420 / N vr pcs.
From this it can be seen that the smaller the norm of time, the greater the norm of output, i.e., the higher the productivity of labor.
The norm of time for the performance of a particular work, as well as the norm of production, is not unchanged. These norms change with a change in the technological process, with the introduction of automation and mechanization, as well as with an increase in the technical culture of production.
It has been established that the technical norm of time determines the time required for the manufacture of one part.
This time is usually called piece time; it is denoted by T pcs.
Piece time consists of a number of elements:
T pcs \u003d T o + T in + T t.ob + T org.ob + T p min,
where T about - the main (machine) time; T in - auxiliary time; T sob - the time of maintenance of the workplace; T org.ob - time of organizational maintenance of the workplace; T p - time of breaks in work.
The main time is the time during which the cutting process is carried out.
The main time can be:
a) machine, if chip removal occurs during the mechanical feed of the table;
b) machine-manual, if chip removal occurs when manually feeding the table with the product.
Auxiliary time is spent on setting up, aligning and removing the workpiece, starting and stopping the rotation of the spindle, turning the feed on and off, approaching and retracting the table to the tool and controlling the machine, as well as setting the tool to a given size and controlling the workpiece.
The sum of the main and auxiliary time is the time of operational work.
Operational time (T op) is the time spent on work, the direct result of which is the execution of a given operation:
T op \u003d T o + T in.
The maintenance time of the workplace is the time spent on installing (shifting), adjusting (adjusting) the tool, as well as removing chips.
The time of organizational maintenance of the workplace consists of the time spent on cleaning, lubricating, inspecting and testing the machine. Often, when determining the rate of piece time, the service time of the workplace (T about) is not divided into its constituent parts:
T about \u003d T t.ob + T org.ob.
The time of breaks in work is spent on breaks for rest and natural needs of the worker. The duration of breaks for rest depends on the working conditions and is included in the working time when performing physically difficult work.
In addition to piece time, when determining the technical norm of time for a particular technological operation, it is necessary to take into account the preparatory and final time.
Preparatory and final time (T p.-h) is spent on familiarization with the drawing and the technological process; receiving instruction from the master; installation and removal of tools and fixtures, as well as registration and delivery of finished products.
Preparatory and closing time is spent by the worker once to complete a given production task, and its duration does not depend on the number of parts in the batch (on the size of the batch of parts).
The preparatory-final time (T p.-z) has to be taken into account when determining the piece time for various costing (preliminary) calculations, for example, to establish the cost of manufacturing a part. In these cases, a part of the preparatory and final time is added to the piece time, which falls on one part, i.e.
T sh.-k \u003d T pcs + T p.-z / n min,
where n is the number of parts in a given lot.
Time limit per game(T parts) is determined according to the following equation:
T part \u003d T piece * n + T p.-z min.
The main (machine) and auxiliary time are of the greatest importance in the piece norm of time, since the cutting process, on which the main time is spent, and all the working methods, on which the auxiliary time is spent, are repeated when processing each part from the batch.
The cost of the main (machine) time during milling depends on the total allowance for processing, the required number of passes, the estimated length of processing and the value of the minute feed. This dependence is expressed by the equation
where L is the estimated processing length in mm;
l is the length of the treated surface (according to the drawing) in mm; l 1 is the length of the plunge path and overrun of the tool in mm (determined depending on the type of cutter and how it is installed); l 2 - additional length for taking test chips in mm; s m - minute feed in mm / min; h - machining allowance in mm; t - depth of cut in mm.
The ratio h/t determines the number of passes i.
Auxiliary time costs for each of its constituent elements are determined according to special tables 1 . According to the same tables, the norm of preparatory and final time is determined.
1 "General machine-building standards for cutting modes and time" (for technical regulation on milling machines), Mashgiz, 1960.
The service time of the workplace and the time of breaks in work are not specially calculated, but are taken in the amount a certain percentage(usually 4-6%) of the amount of operational time.
2.7 Calculation of technical norms of time For operations performed on universal machines, the calculation of technical norms of time is carried out in accordance with the guidelines. A detailed calculation of the technical time standards in the explanatory note is provided for 020 Cylindrical grinding operation, the calculation results are recorded in table 12. Initial data: operation - 030 Cylindrical grinding; A. Install and fix the part 1. Grind the surface Ø65h8(-0.046) to l=16.5±0.2. type of machine tool - driver chuck, center, cylindrical mandrel; type of abrasive tool - grinding wheel; type of measuring tool - caliber-bracket Ø65h8 GOST18362-93; caliper ШЦ-I-125-0.1 GOST166-89; norm To=0.27 min - based on cutting conditions. Calculation of norms of time: In the medium-scale type of production, the norm of piece-calculation time Tshtk, min is calculated by the formula: T_shtk = T_sht + T_pz / n, (36) where Tsht - the norm of piece time for the operation, min; Tpz - the norm of preparatory and final time, min; n is the number of parts in the tuning batch, pcs. The number of parts in the tuning batch n, pcs is determined by the formula: a=6 days. The norm of piece time Tsht, min is calculated by the formula: (38) where To is the main time, min; Tus - time to install and remove the part, min; Tzo - time for fixing and detaching the operation, min; Tup - time for techniques related to management, min; Tiz - time to measure the part, min; Kv - coefficient of auxiliary time; Tteh - time for maintenance, min; Bargaining - time for organizational service, min; Todd - time for rest and personal needs, min; Kv = 1.85, since the type of production is medium-scale; Tus = 0.09 min, since the part is installed on the mandrel and in the center, md = 3.2 kg table 5.5; Tzo = 0.024 min, since md = 3.2 kg; table 5.7; Stupid, min consists of techniques: - turn the machine on and off with the button - 0.01 min table 5.8; - bring or withdraw the grinding wheel to the part - 0.02 min table 5.8; Blt = 0.01 + 0.02 = 0.03 min Tmeas, min consists of the following transitions: - gauge-bracket Ø65h8, Tmeas1 = 0.06 min, since the accuracy is 8, the measured size is up to 100 mm quality table 5.12; - vernier caliper ShTs-I-125-0.1, Tmeas2 = 0.15 min, since the measurement accuracy is 0.05 mm, the measured size is up to 100 mm, the measured length is up to 50 mm table 5.16; Tiz \u003d 0.06 + 0.15 \u003d 0.21 min The value of the operational time Top, min is determined by the formula: , (39) where Tv - auxiliary time, min; (40) Ttech, min is determined by the formula: , (41) where tp - time for one dressing of the grinding wheel, min; Tm - tool life; tp \u003d 2 min, since the dressing surface is the periphery of the circle table 5. 19 ; Tm = 2 min Determine the organizational time Bargaining, min by the formula: (42) Porg = 1.7% of Top, since the machine is a circular grinding table 5.21 Determine the rest time Tobs.otd, min by the formula: (43) Pos.otd = 4 % of Top, since the machine is a circular grinding table 6.2 Tpz = 8 min, since the installation is on a mandrel and in centers, the height of centers is up to 200 mm; table 6.8 Time standards for other operations performed on universal machines are calculated similarly and the results are summarized in table 12. 2.7.1 Calculation of technical time standards for CNC operation analytical method in accordance with the methodical instructions. - Operation name - 005 CNC turning; - Machine model - 16K20F3 - CNC lathe; - Cutting tools in adjustment: 5 pcs; - Measuring tool: Caliper ШЦ-II-160-0.05 GOST166-89; Gauge-bracket Ø92b12, Ø75h12, Ø65.5h10, Ø60.5h10 GOST 18362-93; Gauge-plug Ø44.6H9 GOST 14812-69. - Machine fixture - three-jaw self-centering chuck; - To = 8.27 min. In the medium-scale type of production, the rate of piece-calculation time is determined by the formula: Tsht - piece time, min; n is the number of parts in the tuning batch, pcs: a = 6 days. Tsht - time for processing one part, min Tsht = To + Tv + Tobs.otd, min (46) where To - main time, min; TV - auxiliary time, min; Tobs.otd - time for rest and maintenance, min; Auxiliary time Tv, min is calculated by the formula: where Tmv is the time associated with the implementation of auxiliary moves, min; Tuv - time to install the part, min; Tvo - auxiliary time associated with the operation, min; Tiz - time to measure the part, min; Tmv, min consists of the following transitions: - to the simultaneous movement of the working bodies of the machine along the axes x, z - 0.03 min, since the machine is 16K20F3 table 12 - rapid movement is 0.1 min, since the machine is 16K20F3 table 12 - installation movement - 0.1 min, since the machine 16K20F3 table 12 - installation (idle) in the cutting zone - 0.04 min; table 12 - turret rotation - 0.10 min (×5, since RI is 5 pieces) table 12 Tmv = 0.03 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.04 + 0.1 = 0.37 min Tv \u003d 0.07 min, since the method of installation and fastening in a self-centering chuck and md \u003d 3.2 kg table 5. 1 Tw, min consists of the following transitions: - turn the machine on and off - 0.03 min table 16 - slide in the guard lathe- 0.03 min table 16 - push in bring cutting tools (5 pieces) - 0.03 5 = 0.15 min table 16 Tw = 0.03 + 0.03 + 0.15 = 0.21 min Tiz, min consists of the following methods: - measurement ShTs-II-160-0.05 GOST166-89 - 0.5 min, l = 16.5 ± 0.2, ends V, D in size 122.5 ± 0.200, surface on l \u003d 32 ± 0.2 table 5.16 - measurement with staples GOST 18362-93 - 0.5 min, Ø65.5h10 (-0.046), Ø60.5h10 (-0.074), Ø92b12 (-0.22), Ø75h12 (- 0.300) at l=50.5; table 5.17 - measurement with a plug gauge Ø44.6H9 GOST 14812-69 - 0.1 min. Since the measurement turned out to be less than the main time, it overlaps and is not taken into account when calculating the auxiliary time. Tizm = 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.1 = 0.11 TV = 0.37 + 0.07 + 0.21 + = 0.65 min Tobs.otd, min consists of transitions: - inspection; - heating of the CNC system; - receiving work instructions from the master, adjuster during the shift; - lubrication and cleaning of the machine; - presentation to the controller of the QCD trial part; - cleaning of the machine and the workplace at the end of work; Ttech, min consists of their transitions: - change of a dull tool; - correction of the cutting tool for the specified dimensions; - regulation and adjustment of the machine during the shift; - removal of chips from the cutting zone. Tobs.otd, min is calculated as a % of the operating time Top, min: (47) where Top is the operating time, min Top = To + TV, min (48) Top = 8.27 + 0.65 = 8.92 min Pobs .otd \u003d 4% of Top, since the operation is CNC turning Tsht \u003d 8.27 + 0.65 + 0.892 \u003d 9.812 min Tp.z. \u003d Tp.z1 + Tp.z2 + Tp.z3, min (49) where Тp.z1 = 4.6 min - time for the receptions included in the complex, min; table 13 Тp.z2 = 17 min - time for receptions included in the complex, min; table 13 Тp.z3 = 4.8 min - time for trial processing of the part. table 13 \u003d 4.6 + 17 + 4.8 \u003d 26.4 minutes The results of calculating the time standards for operation 005 CNC turning are summarized in table 13.
Determination of technically justified norms of time for machine work requires the establishment of a variant of the technological process that ensures the implementation technical requirements imposed on the machined part, and the optimal time spent on its processing, at which labor productivity increases and the cost of processing decreases.
The calculation of the technical norm of time is carried out according to the reference book of the rater.
Calculate the technical norm of time for operation 005 Turning.
T w \u003d T op (1 + (a obs + a ex.l.) / 100),
where T op- operational time, min.;
T op \u003d T o + T in,
where That– main time, min.;
T o = ,
where L- the estimated length of processing in the feed direction, equal to L=l+l 1 +l 2 ,
where l - processing length according to the drawing, mm;
l 1– additional length for plunging and overrun of the tool, mm;
l 2– additional length for taking test chips, min.;
s m - minute feed;
where h– processing allowance, mm;
t– thickness of the cut layer in one pass (cutting depth), mm;
T in– auxiliary time, min.;
T in \u003d t mouth + t lane + t counter,
where t mouth - time for installation and removal of the part, min.,
t lane - time associated with the implementation of the technological transition, min.,
t counter - time to perform control measurements, min.,
and obs and and from.l. - actual time for maintenance of the workplace, rest and personal needs, % of operational time T op.
t mouth \u003d a D l,
where l- workpiece overhang length, mm;
D- bar diameter, mm;
a, x and at- coefficient and exponents for determining the auxiliary time for the installation and removal of parts.
tset \u003d 0.0126 140 0.433 25 0.25 \u003d 0.24 min.
T o \u003d 1.82 min
t lane \u003d 0.64 min
t counter \u003d Σk \u003d 0.0187 138 0.21 50 0.330 \u003d 0.19 min,
where k, z and u- coefficient and exponents for determining auxiliary time for control measurements,
D meas - measured part diameter, mm,
L and– length of the measured surface, mm.
T in \u003d 0.24 + 0.64 + 0.19 \u003d 1.07 min
T op \u003d 1.82 + 1.07 \u003d 2.89 min
T w \u003d 2.89 (1 + 10/100) \u003d 3.179 min
Preparatory and final time:
T p-z. \u003d a + b n and + c P p + d P nn \u003d 12.3 + 1.3 1 + 0.5 2 + 0.4 2 \u003d 15.4 min,
where a, b, c, d coefficients for determining the preparatory closing time,
n and is the number of cutting tools or blocks,
Pp– number of initial modes to be set machine work,
Pnn- the number of sizes dialed by switches on the control panel of the machine.
Batch size:
p p \u003d \u003d 10000 5 / 250 \u003d 200 pieces,
where N– program for the production of parts per year, pcs.;
a- the number of days of stock of blanks in the warehouse,
F is the number of working days in a year.
Piece-calculation time:
T pcs. \u003d T w + T p-z / p p \u003d 3.179 + 15.4 / 200 \u003d 3.256 min
Table 2.7
Time limits for all operations
CONCLUSION
In this term paper in accordance with the task developed technological process details "YAGBI.724211.001 Housing".
In the technological part, the issues of obtaining a workpiece, the choice of basing patterns, the calculation of allowances, as well as cutting modes and time standards, are considered in detail. Changes were made to the structure of operations, which improved productivity.
In the design part, a description of the machine tool is presented, power and accuracy calculations of the machine tool are performed
In the research part, the problems of "dry" cutting are considered.
A patent search was carried out on the topic "Designs of drills".
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