Density of kerosene depending on temperature
The table of density values of liquid kerosene brand T-1 depending on temperature is given. The value of the density of kerosene is given in the unit of kg / m 3 at various temperatures in the range from 20 to 270°C.
The density of this is determined by the composition and quality of the production of its individual batches during oil refining. It increases with an increase in the content of heavy hydrocarbons in its composition.
The density of kerosene of different grades and different molecular weights can differ by 5...10%. For example, the density aviation kerosene TS-1 at 20°C is 780 kg/m 3 , TS-2 is 766 kg/m 3 , jet fuel T-6 is 841 kg/m 3 , and the fuel density of RT is 778 kg/m 3 . The density of kerosene T-1 at a temperature of 20 ° C is 819 kg / m 3 or 819 g / l, the density of lighting kerosene is 840 kg / m 3.
When this fuel is heated, its density decreases due to the increase in volume due to thermal expansion. For example, at a temperature of 270°C, the density of kerosene T-1 becomes equal to 618 kg/m 3 .
Kerosene is close in terms of other types of fuel. For example, diesel fuel has a density of about 860 kg / m 3, gasoline - from 680 to 800 kg / m 3. If we compare the density of kerosene and water, then the density of this fuel will be less. When it enters the water, kerosene will form an oily film on its surface.
| t, °С | ρ, kg / m 3 | t, °С | ρ, kg / m 3 | t, °С | ρ, kg / m 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 819 | 110 | 759 | 200 | 685 |
| 30 | 814 | 120 | 751 | 210 | 676 |
| 40 | 808 | 130 | 744 | 220 | 668 |
| 50 | 801 | 140 | 736 | 230 | 658 |
| 60 | 795 | 150 | 728 | 240 | 649 |
| 70 | 788 | 160 | 720 | 250 | 638 |
| 80 | 781 | 170 | 711 | 260 | 628 |
| 90 | 774 | 180 | 703 | 265 | 623 |
| 100 | 766 | 190 | 694 | 270 | 618 |
Specific heat capacity of kerosene at various temperatures
The table shows the values of the specific heat capacity of kerosene at various temperatures. The heat capacity of kerosene is indicated in the temperature range from 20...270°C. The value of the specific (mass) heat capacity of kerosene is determined by its composition, that is, the content of aromatic and paraffinic hydrocarbons. The less paraffins and olefins in the composition of kerosene, the lower its heat capacity.
The specific heat capacity of kerosene depends on temperature - it increases when this fuel is heated. The dependence of heat capacity on temperature is non-linear. At room temperature, its specific heat capacity is 2000 J/(kg K). At high temperatures, the value of this thermophysical property of kerosene can reach 3300 J/(kg·K).
In addition, the heat capacity of kerosene also depends on pressure. With increasing pressure, it decreases - at high temperatures, the influence of pressure increases. It should be noted that the dependence of the heat capacity of kerosene on pressure is not linear.
| t, °С | C p , J/(kg K) | t, °С | C p , J/(kg K) | t, °С | C p , J/(kg K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 2000 | 110 | 2430 | 200 | 2890 |
| 30 | 2040 | 120 | 2480 | 210 | 2940 |
| 40 | 2090 | 130 | 2530 | 220 | 3000 |
| 50 | 2140 | 140 | 2580 | 230 | 3050 |
| 60 | 2180 | 150 | 2630 | 240 | 3110 |
| 70 | 2230 | 160 | 2680 | 250 | 3160 |
| 80 | 2280 | 170 | 2730 | 260 | 3210 |
| 90 | 2330 | 180 | 2790 | 265 | 3235 |
| 100 | 2380 | 190 | 2840 | 270 | 3260 |
Viscosity of kerosene depending on temperature
Given a table of values of dynamic μ and kinematic ν viscosity of kerosene at positive and negative temperatures in the range from -50 to 300°C. The viscosity of kerosene is determined by the number and size of associates of hydrocarbon molecules in its composition. The scale of such molecular bonds directly depends on the temperature of this fuel. At low temperatures, they are quite numerous and large in size, which makes kerosene noticeably viscous under these conditions.
At room temperature, the dynamic viscosity of kerosene is 0.00149 Pa·s. The kinematic viscosity of kerosene at a temperature of 20°C is 1.819·10 -6 m 2 /s. As the temperature of this fuel increases, its viscosity decreases. The coefficient of kinematic viscosity has a lower rate of such a decrease than the dynamic one, since the density of kerosene also changes with temperature. For example, when heating kerosene from 20 to 200 degrees, its dynamic viscosity decreases by 5.7 times, and kinematic - by 4.8.
| t, °С | μ 10 3 , Pa s | ν 10 6, m 2 / s | t, °С | μ 10 3 , Pa s | ν 10 6, m 2 / s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -50 | 11,5 | 14,14 | 40 | 1,08 | 1,337 |
| -45 | 9,04 | — | 60 | 0,832 | 1,047 |
| -40 | 7,26 | 8,59 | 80 | 0,664 | 0,85 |
| -35 | 5,96 | — | 100 | 0,545 | 0,711 |
| -30 | 4,98 | 5,75 | 120 | 0,457 | 0,61 |
| -25 | 4,22 | — | 140 | 0,39 | 0,53 |
| -20 | 3,62 | 4,131 | 160 | 0,338 | 0,469 |
| -15 | 3,14 | — | 180 | 0,296 | 0,421 |
| -10 | 2,75 | 3,12 | 200 | 0,262 | 0,382 |
| -5 | 2,42 | — | 220 | 0,234 | 0,35 |
| 0 | 2,15 | 2,61 | 240 | 0,211 | 0,325 |
| 5 | 1,92 | — | 260 | 0,191 | 0,304 |
| 10 | 1,73 | — | 280 | 0,174 | — |
| 20 | 1,49 | 1,819 | 300 | 0,159 | — |
Note: the values of the kinematic viscosity of kerosene in the table were obtained by calculation through the value of dynamic viscosity and density.
The table shows the density ( specific gravity), thermal conductivity, specific heat and other thermophysical properties of mercury Hg depending on temperature. The following properties of this metal are given: density, mass specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity coefficient, thermal diffusivity, kinematic viscosity, thermal expansion coefficient (CTE), electrical resistivity. The properties of mercury are indicated in the temperature range from 100 to 1100 K.
The density of mercury is 13540 kg / m 3 at room temperature- this is a rather high value, it is 13.5 times more. Mercury is the heaviest of. The density of mercury decreases when it is heated, mercury becomes less dense. For example, at 1000K (727°C), the specific gravity of mercury decreases to 11830 kg/m 3 .
Specific the heat capacity of mercury is 139 J/(kg deg) at 300 K and weakly depends on temperature - when mercury is heated, its heat capacity decreases.
Thermal conductivity of mercury at low negative temperatures it has a high value, at a temperature of 250 K the thermal conductivity of mercury is minimal, with its subsequent increase as this metal is heated.
The dependence of the viscosity, Prandtl number, and electrical resistivity of mercury is such that with increasing temperature, the values of these properties of mercury decrease. Thermal diffusivity of mercury increases when it is heated.
It should be noted that mercury is very great importance of KTR, compared with , in other words, when heated, mercury expands very much. This property of mercury is used in the manufacture of mercury thermometers.
Mercury density
The density of mercury is so high that metals such as , rhodium and other heavy metals float in it. As the temperature rises, the density of mercury decreases. Below is table of mercury density values depending on temperature at atmospheric pressure to the fifth decimal place. The density is indicated in the temperature range from 0 to 800°C. The density in the table is expressed in terms of t/m 3 . For example, at a temperature of 0 ° C, the density of mercury is 13.59503 t / m 3 or 13595.03 kg / m 3.
Table of mercury vapor pressure
The table shows the pressure values of saturated mercury vapor in the temperature range from -30 to 800°C. Mercury has a relatively high vapor pressure, the dependence of which on temperature is quite strong. For example, at 100°C, the saturation vapor pressure of mercury, according to the table, is 37.45 Pa, and at 200°C it rises to 2315 Pa.
The table shows the values of the density of vegetable oils depending on the temperature in the range from -20 to 150°C.
Indicated density of the following vegetable oils: grape seed oil, corn, sesame oil, sunflower seed oil No. 8931, refined sunflower oil, Amur and refined soybean oil, cotton seed oil No. 108, food straw from sunflower oil and cottonseed oil.
The density of vegetable oils at room temperature varies from 850 to 935 kg/m 3 . The table shows that when the oil is heated, its density decreases. It should be noted that the density of these oils is less even at negative oil temperatures (-20°C).
The lightest of the oils considered here is unrefined sunflower oil - the density of sunflower oil is 916 kg / m 3 at a temperature of 20°C.
Density of vegetable oils at 15°C
The density values of some plant and essential oils at a temperature of 15°C.
A table of density values for petroleum and vegetable oils at various temperatures is presented. The following types of oils are considered: machine, turbine, gear, industrial, motor, vegetable and others. The density values of the oils (or specific gravity) in the table are indicated for the liquid state of aggregation of the oil at the corresponding temperature (in the range from -55 to 360 ° C).
The density of oils in the liquid phase is usually in the range from 750 to 995 kg/m 3 at room temperature. The oil has and when it enters the water forms a film on its surface. The density of petroleum oils is generally somewhat lower than that of vegetable oils. For example, the density engine oil equal to 917 kg / m 3, machine oil - from 890 kg / m 3, and the density of sunflower oil is 926 kg / m 3. The heaviest vegetable oils are mustard oil, cocoa butter and linseed oil. The specific gravity of these oils can reach 940-970 kg/m 3 .
The density of oils significantly depends on temperature - when the oil is heated, its specific gravity decreases. For example, at a temperature of 20°C, it has a value of 880 kg/m 3 , and when heated to a temperature of 120°C, it takes on a value of 820 kg/m 3 . The density of vegetable oils also decreases with increasing temperature - the oil expands and becomes less dense.
Of note are some light petroleum oils. These include: hydraulic VNII NP-403 (density 850 kg / m 3), ILS-10, IGP-18 and transformer oil (880 kg / m 3). Low density (under normal conditions) among vegetable oils such as corn, bay, olive and rapeseed oils stand out.
The specific gravity of oils is often indicated not in system units, but in units of kg per liter (kg/l). This is convenient for perception and comparison, for example, with water, the density of which at 4°C is 1 kg/l. However, for the density of oils in the formulas, it is necessary to substitute in the unit of kg / m 3. not difficult. For example, the density of AMT-300 oil at a temperature of 20°C is 959 kg/m 3 or 0.959 kg/l.
| Oil | Temperature, °C |
Density, kg / m 3 |
|---|---|---|
| CLP 100 | 20 | 910 |
| CLP 320 | 20 | 922 |
| CLP680 | 20 | 935 |
| AMG-10 | 20…40…60…80…100 | 836…822…808…794…780 |
| AMT-300 | 20…60…100…160…200…260…300…360 | 959…937…913…879…849…808…781…740 |
| Peanut | 15 | 911-926 |
| beech nut | 15 | 921 |
| Vaseline | 20 | 800 |
| Velocity | 15 | 897 |
| Spindle | 20 | 903-912 |
| Grape (from seeds) | -20…20…60…100…150 | 946…919…892…865…831 |
| VM-4 (GOST 7903-56) | -30…-10…0…20…40…60…80…100 | 933…921…916…904…892…880…868…856 |
| Hydraulic VNII NP-403 | 20 | 850 |
| mustard | 15 | 911-960 |
| I-46PV | 25 | 872 |
| I-220PV | 25 | 892 |
| I-100R (S) | 20 | 900 |
| I-220R (S) | 20 | 915 |
| I-460PV | 25 | 897 |
| IGP-18 | 20 | 880 |
| IGP-38 | 20 | 890 |
| IGP-49 | 20 | 895 |
| ILD-1000 | 20 | 930 |
| ILS-10 | 20 | 880 |
| ILS-220 (MO) | 20 | 893 |
| ITS-320 | 20 | 901 |
| ITD-68 | 20 | 900 |
| ITD-220 | 20 | 920 |
| ITD-320 | 20 | 922 |
| ITD-680 | 20 | 935 |
| Cocoa | 15 | 963-973 |
| castor | 20 | 960 |
| Hemp | 15 | 927-933 |
| KP-8S | 20 | 873 |
| KS-19P (A) | 20 | 905 |
| corn | -20…20…60…100…150 | 947…920…893…865…831 |
| Sesame | -20…20…60…100…150 | 946…918…891…864…830 |
| coconut | 15 | 925 |
| laurel | 15 | 879 |
| Linen | 15 | 940 |
| poppy | 15 | 924 |
| machine | 20 | 890-920 |
| Almond | 15 | 915-921 |
| MK | 10…40…60…80…100…120…150 | 911…888…872…856…841…825…802 |
| Motor T | 20 | 917 |
| MS-20 | -10…0…20…40…60…80…100…130…150 | 990…904…892…881…870…858…847…830…819 |
| Oil | 20 | 890 |
| olive | 15 | 914-919 |
| Walnut | 15 | 916 |
| Palm | 15 | 923 |
| Paraffin | 20 | 870-880 |
| peach | 15 | 917-924 |
| Sunflower (refined) | -20…20…60…100…150 | 947…926…898…871…836 |
| Rapeseed | 15 | 912-916 |
| Candle nut | 15 | 924-926 |
| Smolyanoe | 15 | 960 |
| Soy (refined) | -20…20…60…100…150 | 947…919…892…864…829 |
| Solar R.69 | 20 | 896 |
| TCH | 20 | 895 |
| TM-1 (VTU M3-11-62) | -50…-20…0…20…40…60…80…100 | 934…915…903…889…877…864…852…838 |
| TP-22S | 15 | 870-903 |
| TP-46R | 20 | 880 |
| transformer | -20…0…20…40…60…80…100…120 | 905…893…880…868…856…844…832…820 |
| Tung | 15 | 938-948 |
| Turbine L | 20 | 896 |
| Turbine UT | 20 | 898 |
| Pumpkin | 15 | 922-924 |
| Cotton | -20…20…60…100…150 | 949…921…894…867…833 |
| HF-22 (GOST 5546-66) | -55…-20…0…20…40…60…80…100 | 1050…1024…1010…995…980…966…951…936 |
| Cylindrical | 20 | 969 |
In addition, you can find the density values of many substances and materials (metals and alloys, products, building materials, plastic, wood) in