The meaning of the word Pamphlet according to Efremova:
Pamphlet - Artistic and journalistic work of a satirical - often polemical - nature, directed against some kind of. political or social phenomenon or individual.
The meaning of the word Pamphlet according to Ozhegov:
Pamphlet - A topical, sharp, usually small essay of a diatribe, political nature
Pamphlet in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Pamphlet - (English pamphlet) - a topical journalistic work, the purpose and pathos of which is a specific civil, predominantly socio-political, denunciation. Publicism is often combined with artistic satire. Pamphletery can penetrate into various artistic genres (pamphlet novel; pamphlet play).
The meaning of the word Pamphlet according to Ushakov's dictionary:
PAMPHLET, pamphlet, m. (French pamphlet). A work (article, pamphlet, etc.) of a topical nature, directed against some. person, social or political phenomenon, etc.
The meaning of the word pamphlet according to Dahl's dictionary:
Pamphlet
m. eng. strongly attacking something, or defending that article, printed in a separate booklet, notebook. Pamphleteer, writer.
The meaning of the word pamphlet according to the dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron:
Pamphlet(English, from palme-feuillet - a leaf held in the hand) - a term of not quite definite content, usually denoting a small literary work of a journalistic and most often defiantly personal nature. The subject of P. is an attack on the political or social system, in its characteristic phenomena or in the person of its outstanding, well-known representatives. In contrast to satire, P. rarely touches on the general state of morals and does not use artistic generalizations; the object of his criticism is certain, real facts and people; the abstract morality of satire is replaced in P. by a sharply expressed practical view of the political life of the country. In view of the fact that P. is not designed for selected readers, but for the masses, the presentation in it is publicly available, hot and concise. Without assuming in the reader any preliminary reflections and information about this issue, the pamphleteer turns only to a simple common sense. However, he does not count on the calm, objective reasoning of the public; its goal is a public sensation, anxiety, awakening of discontent. A work primarily combative, created in a minute and for the purposes of political struggle, P. is most often alien to considerations of impartiality and moderation, does not consider it necessary to spare the enemy and follows the rule: in war, all means are good. But P. differs sharply from libel (see) both in its main goal and in that it concerns not the personal life of a famous person, but the public side of his activity. Brevity is such a characteristic, albeit external, feature of P. that a work larger than a brochure no longer bears the name P. The small size of P. is also indicated by its German name Flugschrift, that is, a flying leaf. P. occupies a prominent and unique place in the political history of the West; the most prominent representatives of militant literature dedicated their pen to him. Their number would increase significantly if the authors of many remarkable P. became known, hiding, for obvious reasons, under anonymous names and pseudonyms. P.'s literature received powerful development in the Renaissance, when the so-called. invectives were the best weapon in the hands of humanists, being also the prototype of the new journalism. Suffice it to name such examples of P. of this time as Erasmus of Rotterdam's "Praise of Stupidity" and Pascal's "Epistolae obscurorum virorum" later - "Lettres provinciales". P. was resorted to by such representatives of new trends as Petrarch, Poggio and Walla in Italy, Wimpfeling, Pirckheimer, Hutten, Melanchthon, and Luther himself in Germany. In England, the literature of P. develops especially in the turbulent era of the XVII-XVIII centuries, when they were written by Milton, Swift, Daniel Defoe, Bork and the anonymous author of the famous Junius Letters. The entire political history of France finds a vivid expression in the richest literature of P., from Rabelais, Scaliger, Etienne Dolet in the Renaissance, the "Menippe satire" (see), during the league, "mazarinade" during the Fronde, to the "king of the pamphleteers" Voltaire and publicists of the revolution - Sieyes, Camille Desmoulins, Mirabeau. Restoration found its pamphleteer in the person of the political classic P. Paul-Louis Courrier (in Russian "Works", published by Panteleev St. Petersburg, 1897), Louis Philippe's monarchy - in the person of de Cormenin, the second empire and the third republic - in the person of Rochefort. According to the history of the French P. see Leber, "Les Pamphlets de François I à Louis XIV" (L., 1834). The classical country of P. is Germany, where, mainly as a result of the censorship oppression that has long weighed on time-based printing, the issues of the day have long been discussed in separate flyers and pamphlets (Bern and Young Germany). In Italian. P. Giusti and Leopardi are remarkable in modern literature. In Russia, in the absence of political life, there is almost no pamphlet literature. The pamphlet form is generally not popular with us, and writers of any influence rarely resort to it, preferring to preach their ideas through journal articles. Some samples of underground items of the 18th century. see Art. P. P. Lyzhina, "Two P. from the time of Anna Ioannovna" ("Izv. II department. Imperial Academician of Sciences", 1858, VII). Ar. Mr.
Definition of the word "Pamphlet" by TSB:
Pamphlet(English pamphlet)
a journalistic work, the immediate goal and pathos of which is a concrete, civil, predominantly socio-political denunciation; usually small in size. As a genre of journalism, P. is an “epigrammatic work”
(F. Engels) - nakedly tendentious and intended for direct impact on public opinion; his style is distinguished by catchy aphorism, oratorical intonations, figurativeness of characteristics, expression (he has both Irony, condensed to Sarcasm, and pathos). Deliberately insulting, caricaturely distorting P. is usually called a libel.
P. as such appeared at the time of the Late Renaissance, in the era of the Reformation (although journalistic works close to P. were created in the era of antiquity, for example, “The Liar ...” by Lucian); the pamphlets of M. Luther, Erasmus of Rotterdam, T. Murner had a wide resonance. As the political orientation of religious conflicts intensified, P. was saturated with social content; such are the numerous examples of P. from the time of the English Revolution of the 17th century. (J. Milton, J. Lilburn, J. Winstanley), and later - pamphlets by D. Defoe and J. Swift. During the Enlightenment, P. (primarily with Voltaire) became a powerful political weapon of the encyclopedists, and then the leaders of the Great French Revolution (the famous P. “What is the Third Estate” by Sieyes).
Among the numerous examples of P. 19-20 centuries. can be called "A Pamphlet on Pamphlets" (1824) by P. L. Courier, "Menzel the French-Eater" (1837) by L. Berne, "Modern Pamphlets" (1850) by T. Carlyle,
“Napoleon the Small” (1852) by V. Hugo, “I Accuse” (1898) by E. Zola, anti-fascist pamphlets by G. Mann and E. E. Kish, “Leftist Chic” (1971) by T. Wolf and others.
In Russia, the authors of poetry were A.N. D. I. Pisarev, populists, L. N. Tolstoy (“I can’t be silent”).
Examples of P., denouncing the opponents of socialist ideology, were created by K. Marx (“Mr. Vogt”), V. I. Lenin (“In Memory of Count Heyden”), P. Lafargue, A. V. Lunacharsky and M. Gorky.
pamphletery advocates feature those sharply satirical, revealing works of art that expose and bring to the fore the ideological and political attitudes of the author, directly subordinating the entire figurative structure of the work to the parodic and accusatory task (in such cases, the designations "novel-P.", "play-P.", "P.-essay", etc.).
Such are many utopian (starting with "Utopia" by T. More) and anti-utopian novels (including "Gulliver's Travels" by J. Swift, "Beautiful new world» O. L. Huxley),
“Pompadours and Pompadourses” by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, “Arturo Ui’s Career” by B. Brecht, “D. E. Trust” I. G. Erenburg, essays by V. V. Mayakovsky “My discovery of America” and his poems about “Soviet pompadours”,
the novel It's Impossible with Us (1935) by S. Lewis.
Lit .: Ozmitel E., Soviet satire. Seminary, M.-L., 1964; Burlak L., Publicistic novel, Saratov, 1970; Waugh, A., The pamphlet library, v. 1-4, L., 1897-98.
V. A. Kalashnikov.
Pamphlet(English pamphlet), a journalistic work, the immediate goal and pathos of which is a concrete, civil, predominantly socio-political denunciation; usually small in size. Like a genre journalism P. - "epigrammatic work" (F. Engels) - nakedly tendentious and intended to directly influence public opinion; his style is distinguished by catchy aphorism, oratorical intonations, figurative characteristics, expression (he has both irony condensed to sarcasm , and pathos). Deliberately insulting, caricaturely distorting P. is commonly called lampoon .
P. as such appeared at the time of the Late Renaissance, in the era of the Reformation (although journalistic works close to P. were created in the era of antiquity, for example, “The Liar ...” by Lucian); The pamphlets of M. Luther , Erasmus of Rotterdam , T. Murner . As the political orientation of religious conflicts intensified, P. was saturated with social content; such are the numerous examples of P. from the time of the English Revolution of the 17th century. (J. Milton , J. lilburn , J. Winstanley ), and later - pamphlets D. Defoe and J. Swift. During the Enlightenment, P. (primarily with Voltaire) became a powerful political weapon. encyclopedists , and then the figures of the Great French Revolution (the famous P. "What is the third estate" of Seyes). Among the numerous examples of pamphlets of the 19th and 20th centuries (century), one can name P. L. Courier’s “Pamphlet on Pamphlets” (1824), L. Berne’s “French-Eater Menzel” (1837), and T. Carlyle, "Napoleon the Small" (1852) by V. Hugo, "I Accuse" (1898) by E. Zola, anti-fascist pamphlets by G. Mann and E. E. Kish, "Leftist Chic" (1971) by T. Wolf and others.
In Russia, the authors of poetry were A.N. D. I. Pisarev, populists, L. N. Tolstoy (“I can’t be silent”). Examples of P., denouncing the opponents of socialist ideology, were created by K. Marx (“Mr. Vogt”), V. I. Lenin (“In Memory of Count Heyden”), P. Lafargue, A. V. Lunacharsky and M. Gorky.
Pamphletery is a characteristic feature of those sharply satirical, exposing works of art that expose and highlight the ideological and political attitudes of the author, directly subordinating the entire figurative structure of the work to the parodic and accusatory task (in such cases, the designations "novel-P.", "play- P.", "P.-essay", etc.). Such are many utopian (starting with "Utopia" by T. More) and anti-utopian novels (including "Gulliver's Travels" by J. Swift, "Brave New World" by O. L. Huxley), "Pompadours and Pompadours" by M. E. Saltykov -Shchedrin, "The Career of Arturo Hui" by B. Brecht, "Trust D.E." I. G. Ehrenburg, V. V. Mayakovsky’s essays “My Discovery of America” and his poems about “Soviet pompadours”, the novel “It’s impossible for us” (1935) by S. Lewis.
Lit.: Ozmitel E., Soviet satire. Seminary, M.-L., 1964; Burlak L., Publicistic novel, Saratov, 1970; Waugh, A., The pamphlet library, v. 1-4, L., 1897-98.
V. A. Kalashnikov.
(English pamphlet)
a topical journalistic work, the purpose and pathos of which is a specific civil, mainly socio-political, denunciation
Culturology. Dictionary-reference
(English ramphlet) is a topical satirical work, the purpose of which is a specific civil, mainly socio-political denunciation. Publicity is often combined with artistic merit.
Dictionary of linguistic terms
(English pamphlet) One of the genres of journalistic style, actively absorbing elements of artistic style: mixed genres appear at the junction of styles, for example: novel-P .;
a topical journalistic work ridiculing in a sharp, accusatory form a well-known person in society or a phenomenon of public life.
Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism
(English pamphlet) is a topical, predominantly journalistic work, the purpose and pathos of which is a concrete, civic, socio-political denunciation.
Rb: genera and genres of literature
Genus: journalistic genres
est: satirical
Ass: feuilleton
Persian: Erasmus of Rotterdam, A. Radishchev, D. Swift, A. Herzen, Voltaire, M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mark Twain, M. Gorky, A. France, I. Ehrenburg, O. Henry
* "The pamphlet castigates the vices of modern political, social, cultural life, directly names its specific, most often influential representatives. Irony, sarcasm are used as the main visual means in the pamphlet" (A.S. Suleymanov). *
encyclopedic Dictionary
(English pamphlet), a topical journalistic work, the purpose and pathos of which is a specific civil, mainly socio-political, denunciation. Publicism is often combined with artistic satire. Pamphletery can penetrate into various artistic genres (pamphlet novel; pamphlet play).
Ozhegov's dictionary
PAMFL E T, a, m. Topical sharp, usually a small essay of a diatribe, political nature.
| adj. pamphlet, oh, oh.
Dictionary of Efremova
m.
Artistic and journalistic work of a satirical - often
polemical - character, directed against some sl. political or
social phenomenon or individual.
Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
(English, from palme-feuillet - a leaf held in the hand) - a term of not quite definite content, usually denoting a small literary work of a journalistic and most often defiantly personal nature. The subject of P. is an attack on the political or social system, in its characteristic phenomena or in the person of its outstanding, well-known representatives. In contrast to satire, P. rarely touches on the general state of morals and does not use artistic generalizations; the object of his criticism is certain, real facts and people; the abstract morality of satire is replaced in P. by a sharply expressed practical view of the political life of the country. In view of the fact that P. is not designed for selected readers, but for the masses, the presentation in it is publicly available, hot and concise. Without assuming in the reader any preliminary reflections and information about this issue, the pamphleteer turns only to simple common sense. However, he does not count on the calm, objective reasoning of the public; its goal is a public sensation, anxiety, awakening of discontent. A work primarily combative, created in a minute and for the purposes of political struggle, P. is most often alien to considerations of impartiality and moderation, does not consider it necessary to spare the enemy and follows the rule: in war, all means are good. But P. differs sharply from libel (see) both in its main goal and in that it concerns not the personal life of a famous person, but the public side of his activity. Brevity is such a characteristic, albeit external, feature of P. that a work larger than a brochure no longer bears the name P. The small size of P. is also indicated by its German name Flugschrift, that is, a flying leaf. P. occupies a prominent and unique place in the political history of the West; the most prominent representatives of militant literature dedicated their pen to him. Their number would increase significantly if the authors of many remarkable P. became known, hiding, for obvious reasons, under anonymous names and pseudonyms. P.'s literature received powerful development in the Renaissance, when the so-called. invectives were the best weapon in the hands of humanists, being also the prototype of the new journalism. Suffice it to name such examples of P. of this time as Erasmus of Rotterdam's "Praise of Stupidity" and Pascal's "Epistolae obscurorum virorum" later - "Lettres provinciales". P. was resorted to by such representatives of new trends as Petrarch, Poggio and Walla in Italy, Wimpfeling, Pirckheimer, Hutten, Melanchthon, and Luther himself in Germany. In England, the literature of P. develops especially in the turbulent era of the XVII-XVIII centuries, when they were written by Milton, Swift, Daniel Defoe, Bork and the anonymous author of the famous Junius Letters. The entire political history of France finds a vivid expression in the richest literature of P., from Rabelais, Scaliger, Etienne Dolet in the Renaissance, the "Menippe satire" (see), during the league, "mazarinade" during the Fronde, to the "king of the pamphleteers" Voltaire and publicists of the revolution - Sieyes, Camille Desmoulins, Mirabeau. Restoration found its pamphleteer in the person of the political classic P. Paul-Louis Courrier (in Russian "Works", published by Panteleev St. Petersburg, 1897), Louis Philippe's monarchy - in the person of de Cormenin, the second empire and the third republic - in the person of Rochefort. According to the history of the French P. see Leber, "Les Pamphlets de François I à Louis XIV" (L., 1834). The classical country of P. is Germany, where, mainly as a result of the censorship oppression that has long weighed on time-based printing, the issues of the day have long been discussed in separate flyers and pamphlets (Bern and Young Germany). In Italian. P. Giusti and Leopardi are remarkable in modern literature. In Russia, in the absence of political life, there is almost no pamphlet literature. The pamphlet form is generally not popular with us, and writers of any influence rarely resort to it, preferring to preach their ideas through journal articles. Some samples of underground items of the 18th century. see Art. P. P. Lyzhina, "Two P. from the time of Anna Ioannovna" ("Izv. II department. Imperial Academician of Sciences", 1858, VII).
Ar. Mr.
English units h. - pamphlet, from "Pamphilius" - lat. name popular in the 12th century. comedy) - sharply polemical, topical, usually short, bright in form, a work directed against the political. building as a whole or its individual parts, against one society or another. groups, parties, governments, individuals or phenomena in society., political. or cultural life. P. is one of the types of letters. ist. sources, the value of which is especially great for studying the history of societies. and political thoughts of those periods when there was an aggravation of the political. struggle, - it is during such periods that P. is widely used. They find a vivid expression of the struggle of the political. parties and trends. Born in a turbulent political struggle in the ancient city-states (eg, "Philippika" Demosthenes), occasionally meeting in the classical period. Middle Ages (for example, during the struggle for investiture), P. as a form of journalism became widespread from the 15th and especially from the 16th-17th centuries. (The term "P." was first used in the work of the English church leader Richard de Bury "Philobiblon", 1344). The invention of printing (mid-15th century) contributed to the spread of pamphlet literature. Newspapers, originally published in the form of leaflets, "flying sheets" (German: Flugbl?tter), were the forerunners of newspapers, performing not only propaganda, but also information. functions. P.'s form was addressed by many. ital. humanists (Filelfo, Pietro Aretino and others). Means. heyday reaches pamphlet literature in the era of the Reformation and the Cross. of the war of 1524-25 in Germany (Erasmus of Rotterdam's Eulogy of Stupidity, Hutten's pamphlets, Letters of Dark People, etc.), during the Thirty Years' War of 1618-48. In France, the wide distribution of P. is associated with the so-called. religious wars of the 16th century. (P. monarchomakhov), with the events of the Fronde (mazarinade). Pamphlet journalism reaches a brilliant flowering in the era of bourgeois. revolutions of the 17th and 18th centuries. During the English the pamphlets of Milton, Lilburn, Winstanley played a huge role in the revolution; numerous appeared. anonymous P. (for 20 years - from 1640 to 1660 - St. 25 thousand different P. were produced in England). The pamphlets of D. Defoe ("A Thoroughbred Englishman", 1701, "The Shortest Way to Kill Dissidents", 1702, etc.), Swift ("Tales of a Barrel", 1704, "Letters of a Clothmaker", 1724) clearly reflect the political. and societies. life of England 18th century Pamphlets by Voltaire, Diderot, Holbach and others. French. enlighteners played a prominent role in the preparation of the Great French. revolution, and the pamphlets of Sieyès, Mirabeau, K. Desmoulins, Marat, and others stand at the center of the journalism of the revolution itself. In Russia, close P. op. first appear in the journalism of the 16th century, reflecting the religious-political. fight. This genre has acquired the greatest development in the field of free Russian. press 2nd half. 19th century, for example. Herzen's pamphlets (the term "P." is included in the Russian literary language from the 20-30s of the 19th century). In the 19th and 20th centuries P. are often transferred to the pages of newspapers and preim. are political weapons. struggle of the radical bourgeoisie. elements and petty bourgeois. democrats (P. Paul Louis Courier, de Cormenin, A. Rochefort in France, L. Berne and H. Heine in Germany, P. in connection with the "poor laws" and "corn laws" in England, etc.) or revolutionary . of the proletariat ("Schelling is a philosopher in Christ ..." F. Engels, "Mr. Vogt" and other pamphlets by K. Marx, "Pius IX in Paradise" and other pamphlets by P. Lafargue, "The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky" B I. Lenin, "The Russian Tsar", "City of the Yellow Devil", etc. M. Gorky). Bright examples of owls. pamphlet literature was given by M. Koltsov, J. Galan and other publicists. Big society. the sound received anti-fascist. P. Lit .: Political Library. pamphlets. Franz. pamphlets of the 19th century, St. Petersburg, 1906; (Davies M.), Critical history of pamphlets..., pt 1, L., 1715; Waugh, A., The pamphlet library, v. 1-4, L., 1897-98; Hunt R. N. C., Some pamphlets of the revolt of the Netherlands against Spain, "The English Historical Review", 1929, v. 44, No 175; Leber C., De l´?tat r?el de la presse et des pamphlets, depuis Fran?ois I Jusqu´а Louis XIV..., P., 1834; Scheible J., Die fliegenden Blötter des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts, Stuttg., 1850; Courier P. L., Pamphlet des pamphlets, P., 1824. B. I. Ryskin. Moscow.
Today we will talk about the word "pamphlet". Its meaning will be described in detail later. It is a kind of artistic and journalistic work. Usually it is directed against the current political system or its individual parties.
Specificity
A pamphlet is a genre that is often opposed to a certain social group, party, or government. Such works often expose individual members of society. The pamphlet has similar meaning with fiction, and its author in many cases differs little from the writer. The first tries to show an individual human figure, while the second seeks to develop character. The negative orientation that characterizes this genre, its orientation towards denial, exposure, ridicule, makes it related to satirical types of literature. There is controversy here, as well as irony.
Reflection of reality
To fully understand what a pamphlet is, it should be remembered that it refers to a specific person and certain facts. It excludes fiction. The artistic style of the author of such a work is complicated by the peculiarities of satire, as well as various types hyperbole and even irony. So, let's try again to the fullest and at the same time answer the question of what a pamphlet is within the framework of one definition. We are talking about the type of politically saturated, mainly journalistic literature, which is close in a number of ways to satire.
Pamphletery can also be present in fiction. AT this case we are talking about introducing a character into a fictional plot of a work, which represents a portrait characteristic of a certain person, an accurate description of behavior or appearance. The relationship between pamphlet and literature is manifold. It is determined by historical conditions. Thus, the pamphlet provides a relationship fiction and journalism. Their mutual transitions occur in certain historical conditions.
Story
If we talk about what a pamphlet is, it should be noted that this word arose in the XIV century. Originally, this was the name of an unbound brochure without a cover. As a genre, this phenomenon developed during the Reformation. The features inherent in the pamphlet - polemical orientation, topicality, tendentiousness - developed in ancient times in speeches, diatribes and invectives. Let's talk about these phenomena in a little more detail.
Diatribe is a genre that was created by Cynic philosophers in the 3rd century BC. BC e. We are talking about a conversation on philosophical, mostly moral topics. It included scathing polemics with an imaginary adversary and harsh personal attacks. The diatribe genre subsequently formed the basis of the future Christian sermon.
The foundation
The work of the Cynics, who denied the basic foundations and values of the community, had a pronounced satirical overtones. A kind of literature was created by a cynic named Menippus of Godara. The philosophical and satirical dialogues of this author are framed in a fantastic narrative. This approach allowed caustic and witty ridicule of human weaknesses and philosophical schools. The works of Menippe have not survived to this day. However, imitations and references to these works are numerous. Menippean satire was created by the writers Mark Terence Varro and Lucian.
Literary satire also spawned a pamphlet-journalistic offshoot. In Rome, the accusatory beginning manifested itself in the invective - vilification of the face. The literary forms of this phenomenon are diverse: polemical speeches and articles, epigrams. The political component in the invective has the character of slandering a certain person. Such is Sallust's Invective Against Marcus Tullius Cicero. This work tries to destroy the person indicated there morally, as a family man, a politician, a corrupt defender who conducts illegal activities in court.
Cicero responded with an equally offensive and harsh invective. This genre became a common form of political struggle in Rome. Cicero issued an invective against Clodius. She and similar creations also became the foundation for the emergence of the genre we are describing.
Now you know what a pamphlet is. We hope you find this knowledge useful.