The SPR-2 station is designed to protect manpower and equipment from the fire of artillery ammunition of mass use, equipped with radio fuses, by interfering with them in order to prematurely detonate them at a safe height or block them (transfer to strike action) and is used to cover the first echelon units, command posts, starting positions of launchers, areas of concentration of troops and military equipment in the areas of crossings, as well as covering mobile objects (source).
Electronic warfare machine 1L262 "Mercury-BM" (Russia)
Jamming is provided:
- timely detection of radiation from radio fuses and the creation of interference to it in a time of no more than 1.5-2 s;
- determination of the carrier frequency of radio fuses and the formation of a response interference to it with an error of no more than 200-300 Hz;
- the excess of the interference level above the threshold level during the time of signal accumulation in the integrating device of the radio fuse.
One of the main components of the station is a search receiver, which at first roughly and then accurately determines the carrier frequency of the radio fuse, followed by its reproduction while maintaining the phase characteristics of the received signal. In this case, the frequency measurement time does not exceed several tens of microseconds, and its reproduction time can reach several ms, which makes it possible to form a quasi-continuous interference. To increase the probability of suppression, the response interference is modulated by the Doppler frequency.
It provides suppression of autodyne single-frequency radio fuses, including fuses with special anti-jamming channels. The station equipment works automatically, including in motion.
Functional:
- automatic prohibition of interference emission by interfering signals in their respective frequency channels for a set time interval;
- reconnaissance mode (without interference emission);
— information about the frequency channels through which signals are received;
Chassis:
1L29 / SPR-2 SPR-2M
BTR-70 and BTR-80 MT-LBu
TTX stations:
1L29 / SPR-2 1L262 / SPR-2M
Crew 4 people 2 people
Power supply from the built-in unit or from the mains vehicle from the built-in unit or from the electrical network of the vehicle
The angle of rotation of the antenna device + -150 degrees + -150 degrees
Operating frequency range 95-420 MHz 95-420 MHz
Interference coverage area 20-60 ha 20-50 ha
Equivalent sensitivity 100-110 dB/W 95-110 dB/W
Electronic countermeasure potential not less than 300 W 250 W
Probability of suppression not less than 0.8 not less than 0.8
Number of suppressed VHF radio communication lines - 3-6
Continuous operation time at least 6 hours at least 6 hours
Station deployment time no more than 4 minutes up to 10 minutes
Operating conditions from -40 to +50 degrees C from -40 to +50 degrees C
Modifications:
- 1L29 / SPR-2 "Mercury-B" - the first model of the SPR-2 station on the BTR-70 chassis. Adopted by the USSR Armed Forces until 1991.
- 1L262 / SPR-2M "Rtut-BM" - a modernized version of the station, made on a new element base. The station is capable of, in addition to radio fuses, suppressing VHF radio communications. Tests completed in 2012. First deliveries to the Russian Armed Forces - 2013.
In November last year, the Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies" (KRET) reported on the implementation of the state defense order for electronic warfare vehicles (EW) 1L262 "Mercury-BM". Until the end of autumn, the concern built and handed over to the military 10 vehicles of the new model, which were soon distributed among the EW units of the armed forces. A few months later, in May 2014, in the Tambov region, exercises of the electronic warfare troops were held, in which, apparently, the technique of the new model was used for the first time. In addition, during these exercises, one of the Rtut-BM vehicles appeared for the first time not in the official photo and video materials of the manufacturer.
On May 18, the NTV channel in the program “Today. Final issue” showed a report on the exercises of the electronic warfare troops, which demonstrated various types of equipment delivered in recent years. Among other vehicles, the Rtut-BM electronic warfare vehicle hit the frame for the first time. The newest car, leaving a cloud of dust behind it, effectively drove past the camera several times. Such a demonstration was the first time that "Rtut-BM" fell into the lens of journalists and was shown to the general public not in official advertising materials. It should be noted that for some reason this report went almost unnoticed in May. The first fact of the demonstration of new technology on television was remembered only at the end of July.
It follows from last year's report by KRET that the number of Rtut-BM vehicles in the Russian armed forces is still small. It is known about the transfer of the first batch of ten cars. In addition, another prototype vehicle could have been transferred to the troops a year earlier, but there is no confirmation of this. In the future, mass production of new equipment will continue. Every year, the electronic warfare troops will receive several new vehicles. Probably, the pace of production will not exceed 10-12 cars per year.
Complex 1L262 "Rtut-BM" (alternative designation SPR-2M) is a self-propelled electronic warfare system on the tracked chassis MT-LBu. The main purpose of electronic equipment installed on a tracked vehicle is to counter enemy guided weapons, as well as ammunition equipped with radio fuses. "Rtut-BM" is a further development of the 1L29 "Rtut-B" complex, created in the eighties. The development of both machines of the family was carried out by the All-Russian Research Institute Gradient. According to reports, serial production of 1L262 machines is carried out by several enterprises: the MT-LBu base chassis is supplied by the Muromteplovoz plant (Murom), radio-electronic equipment is manufactured at NPO Kvant (Veliky Novgorod), and the final assembly is carried out by the Kazan Optical mechanical plant.
The main task of the 1L262 vehicles is to protect troops from enemy artillery fire using projectiles equipped with radio fuses. During operation, the equipment of the electronic warfare machine detects enemy ammunition, determines the carrier frequency of its radio fuse, and then jams the corresponding frequency and high power. As a result of such an impact, the radio fuse of an enemy projectile either detonates the ammunition at a relatively safe height, or is turned off and the projectile will be detonated using a contact fuse. In both cases, the threats to the covered troops are seriously reduced.
The electronics of the "Mercury-BM" complex operates in automatic mode and is able to perform all the necessary operations in automatic mode. According to reports, it takes no more than a few fractions of a second to interfere with a car. The frequency of the radio fuse is determined with an accuracy of several hundred hertz. Determining the carrier frequency of a radio fuse takes no more than a few tens of microseconds. The interference is emitted for several milliseconds intermittently, due to which it is possible to create an almost continuous signal that provides the proper effect on the radio fuse.
At the same time, the 1L262 complex is capable of suppressing up to six radio channels with a probability of neutralizing a radio fuse up to 0.8. This ensures the possibility of continuous operation for six hours. The deployment of the complex takes no more than 10 minutes. During operation, the Rtut-BM electronic warfare vehicle can protect troops on an area from 20 to 50 hectares.
The equipment of the "Mercury-BM" complex is installed on the MT-LBu tracked chassis. Most of the electronic equipment is located inside the armored hull. Beyond it is a telescopic mast with a set of antennas. Thanks to the use of new equipment built on a modern element base, it was possible to halve the crew of the vehicle in comparison with the previous Mercury-B vehicle. The EW 1L262 car is served by two people (driver and system operator).
According to the Radioelectronic Technologies Concern, the need for the Russian armed forces in the Rtut-BM complexes is estimated at no less than 100 vehicles. In addition, the complex has a good potential in the international market of arms and military equipment. On the this moment the EW troops have at least ten 1L262 vehicles, as well as a certain amount of older equipment of a similar purpose, the 1L29 "Mercury-B" model. In the foreseeable future, contracts for the supply of new Rtut-BM machines should be signed.
According to the sites:
http://ntv.ru/
http://gurkhan.blogspot.hu/
http://pravda-tv.ru/
http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-803.html
Station 1L29 / SPR-2 "Mercury-B"
Station 1L262 / SPR-2M "Rtut-BM" / RB-321B
EW station / radio fuse interference station (SPR). Developed in the 1980s by VNII Gradient, chief designer- V.G. Lopatin. Mass production started by the Bryansk Electromechanical Plant until 1991
On May 25, 2011, the State Contract No. 249/7/S/11-12 for the supply of 5 1L262 stations in the amount of 718.4 million rubles was concluded between the Ministry of Defense of Russia and VNII Gradient. Deliveries of products were expected in two batches - until 10/25/2011 and until 09/25/2012 (). Since 2011, the stations have been assembled by the Kazan Optical and Mechanical Plant (KOMZ). On June 27, 2011, a contract was signed between KOMZ and OJSC Muromteplovoz for the supply of 11 MT-LBus with modifications for the installation of station equipment 1L262 (). The manufacturer of equipment for stations 1L29 and 1L262 is NPO Kvant (Veliky Novgorod). At the beginning of 2013, the contract for the supply of 5 stations was not fulfilled, the chassis were not accepted by military acceptance and were returned to the manufacturer by a court decision ().
The second contract for the supply of 1L262 stations was concluded between the Russian Ministry of Defense and KRET on April 23, 2012 under No. 227 / ZA / 2012 / DRGZ (according to other sources - 249 / 7 / C / 12-6). further, between KRET and KOMZ on 06/113/2012, a contract was signed for the manufacture, adjustment and tuning of blocks and assemblies of 1L262 products in the amount of 734.2 million rubles. The deadline for delivery is October 2013 (). Apparently, we are talking about 6 stations here (in total, 5 + 6 = 11 units).
The third contract was concluded on February 7, 2014 between the Ministry of Defense and KRET under No. 14-4-51 / 46 / ZA for the supply of jamming stations 1L262 (RB-321B) in the amount of 21 units. On February 12, 2014, a co-executive agreement was signed with NPO Kvant for the manufacture and supply of products. The cost of work on it is estimated at 1.395 million rubles, that is, 66.4 million rubles per item. Until October 2015, 7 stations should be commissioned, a year later - the remaining 14. During the installation of equipment for 1L262 products, maintainable tracked chassis MT-LBu, released from 1V12 (M) kits, transferred by the Russian Ministry of Defense, will be used. At the same time, this price does not include a significant amount of property to be purchased by the Concern from contractors and then transferred to KOMZ for use in the process of manufacturing modules. It includes: R-168 radio station, R-168PU2 control panel, R-168BAF filter unit, R-168BShDA antenna, KTS-1 air conditioner, AVSK-B equipment, operating system, instrument complex PKUZ-1A, telephone set TA-88, data transmission and synchronization equipment, small-sized charger (all one unit for each station), heating element-45.5A and radio station R-168-01 - two products each () .
Station machine model 1L262 / SPR-2M "Rtut-BM" at the MAKS-2013 air show, August 2013 (photo - A.V. Karpenko, http://bastion-karpenko.ru/, processed).
The SPR-2 station is designed to protect manpower and equipment from the fire of mass-used artillery ammunition equipped with radio fuses by interfering with them in order to prematurely detonate them at a safe height or block them (transfer to strike action) and is used to cover the first echelon, command points, starting positions of launchers, areas of concentration of troops and military equipment in the areas of crossings, as well as covering mobile objects ().
Jamming is provided (station SPR-2, ):
-timely detection of the radiation of radio fuses and the creation of interference to it for a time not exceeding 1.5-2 s;
- determination of the carrier frequency of radio fuses and the formation of a response interference to it with an error of not more than 200-300 Hz;
- excess of the interference level above the threshold level during the time of signal accumulation in the integrating device of the radio fuse.
One of the main components of the station is a search receiver, which at first roughly and then accurately determines the carrier frequency of the radio fuse, followed by its reproduction while maintaining the phase characteristics of the received signal. In this case, the frequency measurement time does not exceed several tens of microseconds, and its reproduction time can reach several ms, which makes it possible to form a quasi-continuous interference. To increase the probability of suppression, the response interference is modulated by the Doppler frequency (SPR-2 station, ).
It provides suppression of autodyne single-frequency radio fuses, including fuses with special anti-jamming channels. The equipment of the station works automatically, including in motion (station SPR-2, ).
Functional:
- automatic prohibition of interference emission by interfering signals in their respective frequency channels for a set time interval;
- reconnaissance mode (without interference emission);
- information about the frequency channels through which signals are received;
Chassis:
| 1L29 / SPR-2 | SPR-2M |
| BTR-70 and BTR-80 | MT-LBu |
TTX stations:
| 1L29 / SPR-2 | 1L262 / SPR-2M | |
| Crew | 4 people () | 2 people |
| Power supply | from the built-in unit or from the electrical network of the vehicle | |
| Rotation angle of the antenna device | +-150 deg | +-150 deg |
| Operating frequency range | 95-420 MHz | 95-420 MHz |
| Interference coverage area | 20-60 ha | 20-50 ha |
| Equivalent sensitivity | 100-110 dB/W | 95-110 dB/W |
| Electronic Countermeasures Potential | at least 300 watts | 250 watts |
| Suppression Probability | not less than 0.8 | not less than 0.8 |
| Number of suppressed VHF radio communication lines | - | 3-6 |
| Time of continuous work | at least 6 hours | at least 6 hours |
| Station deployment time | no more than 4 min () | up to 10 min |
| Operating conditions | from -40 to +50 deg.С | from -40 to +50 deg.С |
Modifications:
- 1L29 / SPR-2 "Mercury-B" - the first model of the SPR-2 station on the BTR-70 chassis. Adopted by the USSR Armed Forces until 1991.
- 1L262 / SPR-2M "Rtut-BM" (possibly earlier 1RL29M2, ) - a modernized version of the station, made on a new element base. The station is capable of, in addition to radio fuses, suppressing VHF radio communications. Tests completed in 2012. First deliveries to the Russian Armed Forces - 2013.
Vehicle of the EW 1L262 "Mercury-BM" complex in the stowed position, presumably on display at the All-Russian Research Institute "Gradient" or BEMZ, summer 2013 or earlier (http://militaryphotos.net).
- 1L262E - export version of station 1L262.
Price:
- 2011 - under a contract between the Ministry of Defense and VNII "Gradient" for the supply of 5 stations 1L262 average cost station was 718.4 million rubles / 5 = 143.7 million rubles. The cost of the MT-LBu chassis in the same year was 9.8 million rubles. ().
Status: USSR / Russia
- 2013 - KRET supplied the Russian Armed Forces with 10 1L262 stations, thereby fulfilling the State Defense Order-2013 for these stations.
Receipts of 1L262 stations in the Russian Armed Forces:
Sources:
Karpenko A.V. Interference station for radio detonators of artillery ammunition SPR-2 "Rtut-B" and 1L262E "Rtut-BM". 2013 ().
Products of the Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies", 2014 ().
Interference station for radio fuses SPR-2 "Mercury-B". 2009 ().
The Russian military received a batch modern electronic warfare systems "Rtut-BM". This technique was transferred to the defense department by the Radioelectronictechnologies” (KRET).
The history of the development of electronic warfare (EW) and their implementation in the armed forces begins almost immediately from the moment the radio was invented. As the role of electronic means in combat increased, the possibilities of radio reconnaissance and radio interference increased, and more and more new means and methods of conducting electronic warfare were developed.
Under these conditions, the opposing sides were forced to take special measures to hide radio assets from reconnaissance and protect them from suppression by radio interference. In practice, these measures began to be implemented during the First World War. However, only after the Great patriotic war, as a result of the widespread introduction of radio electronics into military affairs, the combat capabilities of military equipment began to grow rapidly.
Today, more than 120 organizations are engaged in the creation of electronic warfare equipment in our country. Many of these enterprises are part of KRET.
A separate direction in the development of ground-based electronic warfare systems is the development of jamming stations for radio fuses of artillery munitions of mass use. Back in the 80s. of the last century, the VNII Gradient, which is now part of KRET, developed the SPR-1 and SPR-2 jamming stations.
The main purpose of the stations is to protect manpower and equipment from single and salvo fire of artillery ammunition equipped with radio fuses. It was developed on the basis of the armored personnel carrier BTR-70. Later, the SPR-2 equipment was installed on a more advanced chassis - the BTR-80 armored personnel carrier.
This provided the station with high mobility, as well as the ability to conduct combat work on the move. Thus, it became possible to use the station to protect fixed and mobile military facilities, including during hostilities. In addition, these properties determined the high survivability of the station in the face of electronic and fire resistance from the enemy.
A modernized version of the station "Mercury-BM" VNII "Gradient" developed on the basis of the caterpillar chassis MT-LB. The Rtut-BM complex has been developed and produced at KRET enterprises since 2011 and is one of the most modern electronic warfare systems.
The multifunctional complex "Mercury-BM" provides protection for personnel and equipment on an area of up to 50 hectares. Also among the capabilities of the complex is electronic jamming of communication and radar systems. The system is mounted on a light armored tracked chassis. The combat crew is two people, and the deployment time of the complex does not exceed 10 minutes. The Russian army is already armed with several dozen such complexes.
At the moment, the third long-term contract of KRET with the Ministry of Defense is being prepared, which provides for the production of more than two dozen such complexes. According to experts, the need for the country's armed forces in "Mercury-BM" exceeds 100 units. In addition, "Rtut-BM" has a great export potential and can be supplied to traditional markets in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America.
The other day, on the air of the NTV channel, for the first time, they publicly showed the latest combat vehicle SPR-2M "Mercury-BM", which is designed to reduce the impact of striking elements of artillery shells and explosive devices. According to the channel, one combat vehicle is capable of ensuring the security of troops on an area of 50 hectares.
SPR-2M "Mercury-BM" - modern modernization interference stations for radio fuses of ammunition SPR-2 using new equipment. The reliability of the system has been increased, as well as the functionality has been expanded. Added the function of jamming radio lines on VHF frequencies.
Combat vehicle "Mercury-BM" is a means of electronic warfare and is designed to protect manpower and equipment from the fire of artillery ammunition of mass use, equipped with radio fuses, by creating interference with them in order to prematurely undermine them at a safe height or block them (transfer to strike action).
SPR-2M "Mercury-BM" It is used to cover first-echelon units, command posts, starting positions of launchers, areas of concentration of troops and military equipment in the areas of crossings, as well as to cover mobile objects.
Machine station SPR-2 / 1L29 "Mercury-B" in the stowed position
Machine station SPR-2 / 1L29 "Mercury-B" in combat position
Jamming is provided:
- timely detection of radiation from radio fuses and the creation of interference to it in a time of no more than 1.5-2 s;
- determination of the carrier frequency of radio fuses and the formation of a response interference to it with an error of no more than 200-300 Hz;
- the excess of the interference level above the threshold level during the time of signal accumulation in the integrating device of the radio fuse.
One of the main components of the station is a search receiver, which at first roughly and then accurately determines the carrier frequency of the radio fuse, followed by its reproduction while maintaining the phase characteristics of the received signal. In this case, the frequency measurement time does not exceed several tens of microseconds, and its reproduction time can reach several ms, which makes it possible to form a quasi-continuous interference. To increase the probability of suppression, the response interference is modulated by the Doppler frequency.
Station SPR-2M provides suppression of autodyne single-frequency radio fuses, including fuses with special anti-jamming channels. The station equipment works automatically, including in motion.
/Based on materials warfiles.ru and militaryrussia.ru /