Today it is difficult to imagine a country house, private housing without autonomous and independent water supply. To provide water, residential buildings use pumping stations that supply water from a well to the pipeline system of the house and maintain pressure.
For long-term use and operability of the equipment, it is necessary to use a filter for pumping station. A filter is installed in front of the pumping station on the suction device. The filter serves as a protection against silt, sand, etc. contained in the water.
1 Why do you need a filter?
In a country or private house, a well or a well is a source of water. In water from such sources, various mechanical impurities will necessarily be present, which include particles of clay, sand or chalk. Such impurities adversely affect the pumping station after some time of use. Mechanical particles eventually clog and destroy the accumulator, after which the pumping station will become unusable. The water pre-filter for the pumping station is the best option in terms of efficiency for water purification, safety and equipment durability.
1.1 Filter types
According to the degree of water purification, two main types of filters can be distinguished:
- Fine cleaning. Particles retained by such filters can be smaller than 1 µm. Heavy metals can also linger. The fine filter looks like a flask in which there is a replaceable cartridge. This cartridge is made of threads or fibers of polyethylene, which are wound on a plastic core. Usually, such filtration elements are installed after coarse water filtration. Additionally, membrane-type filters can be used, after which the water will be suitable for drinking.
- Rough cleaning. Filter elements of this type are able to block particles up to 1 mm in size. Such particles in the form of sand, silt, pebbles, scale, etc. may be present in the supply water. which passes the filtered water further into the pump, and particles with a size larger than the mesh remain. Such a grid is installed at the end of the suction pipe, or a flask is installed on the water supply line.
If the filter is clogged, it will operate at low capacity. It is necessary to carry out its inspection and cleaning on time.
By purpose, filters can be divided into the following categories:
- household, simple complexity;
- medium cleaning;
- having the highest degree of water purification.
According to the method of water purification, filters are divided into the following categories:
- Ion exchange. Such filter elements are used when it is necessary to soften water, remove manganese and iron.
- Biological. Purification here occurs with the help of microorganisms. They actively influence the exchange processes.
- Mechanical. These filters are designed to protect against contamination of household appliances, in the form washing machine, and plumbing.
- Reverse osmosis. To date, such cleaning is considered the most environmentally friendly and efficient. With its help, you can completely get rid of the content of any harmful substances in the liquid.
- Electrical. Such water purification is carried out with the help of ozone and manganese, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, iron, heavy metals, oil products are released during the purification. In the course of such operations, disinfection occurs in full.
- Physical and chemical. This technology has found its application against soluble impurities using sorption and has caused widespread use due to its high efficiency.
2 Types of filters
- Inlet filter installed on submersible pumps. This filter element is installed on the suction parts, directly on the pump. Water is purified from large mechanical particles and impurities thanks to a special protective mesh.
- Coarse pre-filter. This element must be installed in front of the pump in the water circuit and removes large mechanical impurities in the water. This element looks like a flask in which there is a cartridge made of plastic. For ease of tracking contamination, the flask is made of transparent material. After clogging, you can quickly and easily remove the flask and rinse this flask.
- An inlet filter with a check valve for a pumping station. This element is mounted at the end of the liquid intake pipe at the pumping station or self-priming pump. In this case, two functions are performed: and the outflow of water from the pumping system is prevented by a check valve. This element helps to properly start the self-priming pump. Usually, the non-return valve has a G1 threaded connection, with which you can connect the suction hose to the pumping station. The hose for the pumping station must withstand the pressure in the water supply system.
- central filter. It is applied to cleaning in systems of underground or ground watering. A system with a filter of this design allows the equipment to last a long time. Thanks to the installation (into a pipeline break) and the removable design, it does not require much effort to clean it.
- suction mesh. It is a mesh for filtering, mounted in a special case. It found its application when using tankers, hand pumps and motor pumps.
The choice of a filter that will be suitable for its intended purpose depends on the performance of the installed pumping station, the load of this station and the weight of solid particles. To protect yourself and your household appliances, it is better to use two types of filter element at once. At the inlet, you need to install a coarse water filter that will filter out solids and impurities. After it, which will favorably affect the operation of pumping stations and other equipment.
To properly assemble the plumbing system, you must follow the sequence:
- coarse water filter;
- pumping station;
- filter for fine water purification;
- faucet (mixer) for water supply.
Hoses lowered into a well or well are not equipped with anything.
2.1 What filter should be installed for a well with dirty water? (video)
2.2 Prefilter
It is generally accepted that the coarse filter is the first line of defense. It is also called a mechanical filter. Such an element is usually installed in front of the station and filters out solid particles and impurities in the water, which has a positive effect on the pumping station and other equipment.
The purpose of filters can be varied and this is due to the materials from which they are made and the degree of purification. Coarse filters can be made in various sizes and are mainly made of metal mesh. They cope with such work not very well, but such a mesh is able to capture small particles up to 0.3 mm. Due to this feature and low cost, they have gained great popularity in plumbing systems.
To control the pressure formed in the system, there is a more technologically advanced filter, which has a drain valve and a pressure gauge. To wash the filter element, it is not necessary to disassemble the filter itself for this operation. But in terms of price, it will be an order of magnitude higher than a simple filter from the grid.
2.3 Filters equipped with a fibrous filter element
For even finer filtration among coarse filters, filters with a replaceable element are used, which are made from a variety of fibrous materials. When filtering out the record values for coarse cleaning (up to 100 microns), these filters do not create significant resistance to the resulting water flow. Many owners of pumping stations, in order to save money, install such a filter in front of the station so as not to perform subsequent filtration.
With their advantages, such filters suffer from their own disadvantages. They cannot be compared with mesh filters due to high cost, large dimensions and the need to replace the filter element. Such filter elements, in spite of everything, are preferable to mesh ones, as they are more reliable in protecting pumping equipment. Coarse cleaning without fine should be used in cases where you do not feel sorry for your household equipment, faucets, pumps, water heaters, as coarse cleaning is not able to completely clean the water for you.
2.4 Finishing filter
Such purification refers to the second stage of water treatment. This stage of cleaning removes small particles from the water that were not collected during coarse cleaning. Fine cleaning elements are installed directly after the filter intended for coarse cleaning. Such filters are able to purify all the water that is supplied to the house. Household filters are not capable of doing this, as they are designed for a specific water intake position. Fine cleaning elements should have a large throughput and be installed immediately after the pumping station.
The main element of such a filter is a fine-grained membrane, which is capable of passing only water molecules. After the start of filtration, the water will be divided into two streams. Pure filtered water will go in one stream, and a concentrate consisting of salt solutions and mechanical particles will go in the other. As a result, the first flow goes to the tap to the consumer, and the second flows down the drain into the sewer.
2.5 Wire filters designed for fine cleaning
This is one of the latest inventions, in the case of which there is a wound thin wire covered with a glass sheath. When the suction pump is operating, water molecules pass through this filter, and all dirty particles remain in a special flask.
2.6 Protection of pumping stations and filter
Often, pumping stations fail when working without water. To eliminate this problem, some submersible pumps have built-in protection against motor overheating and dry running, which blocks it. The most common option is to install a dry running relay. Mains voltage is connected to the dry run protection relay. From the dry run relay, the outgoing wires do not go to the pressure switch. If there is water in the pipeline with the required pressure, the pumping station will work. When water disappears, the dry-running relay will turn off the station.
When assembling the pipeline network in the house, do not forget about water filters. Qualitatively filtered water will be useful not only for the consumer, but also for pumping equipment.
Filter driers with anti-acid properties have a sealed design and can be used in suction lines for cleaning refrigeration and air conditioning systems from combustion products of the compressor engine and other service work.
The solid filter core, made of activated aluminum and molecular sieve material, is able to absorb harmful acids and water. The proposed filter driers are made for solder connection and are limited to six sizes.
Filter cleaners have a sealed design and can be used in suction lines to clean refrigeration and air conditioning systems from mechanical impurities.
Several rows of grids and a cartridge filter core are installed in the metal case, the filter elements of which are able to effectively clean the system from mechanical particles up to 15 microns in size.
Appointment and specifications:
- Minimal pressure drop due to internal design.
- High acid and moisture absorption capacity.
- Two Schrader valves for measuring the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet of the filter.
- Copper tubes for soldering.
- Filtration of particles up to 15 microns.
- Operating temperature range: -40 C ... +70 C.
- Maximum working pressure: - 35 bar, - 31 bar.
- High anti-corrosion protection of internal and external surfaces of the filter.
Compatible with all CFC, HCFC, HFC refrigerants.
Place of installation and installation:
- The filter drier should be installed as close as possible to the compressor in the suction line, but before the vibration damper.
- The filter housing must be protected from direct sun rays and vibration.
- Do not rush to remove the sealed plugs to prevent moisture and dirt from getting inside the filter.
- The installation of pressure gauges on the service ports should be done carefully, limiting the torque on the wrench in order to avoid destruction of the welded connection between the fitting and the filter housing.
- The arrow on the filter nameplate indicates the flow direction. Installing in the opposite direction reduces the filter's absorption capacity and increases the pressure drop as the refrigerant passes through the filter, and may destroy the internal parts of the filter.
- When soldering, direct the torch flame away from the filter to prevent overheating. Use a wet rag or heat dissipating paste.
- If the total weight of the filter drier can cause piping vibration and breakage of connections, it is necessary to fix the filter housing with special brackets.
Always change the filter if the absorption capacity of the existing one has dropped.
- It is recommended to insulate the filter housing to reduce suction gas superheat.
A filter drier is usually installed in the liquid line upstream to protect it from water and dirt. The speed of the refrigerant in the liquid line is low, and therefore the contact between the refrigerant and the solid core of the filter drier is quite good. At the same time, the hydraulic resistance of the filter is insignificant.
The filter drier can also be installed in the suction line, where its task is to protect the compressor from dirt and moisture present in the refrigerant.
Suction filters, the so-called "anti-acid" filters, are used to remove acids from the system after the compressor motor fails as a result of a burnout. In order to keep the pressure drop across the filter small, the filter installed in the suction line must be larger than the filter installed in the liquid line.
The suction line filter must be replaced with a new one when the pressure drop across the filter exceeds the following values:
- In air conditioning systems (A/C): 0.50 bar
- In refrigeration units: 0.25 bar
- Freezers: 0.15 bar.
Sight glasses with a moisture indicator are usually installed after the filter drier. By the color of the indicator, you can determine the presence of moisture in the refrigerant:
- Green: The moisture content of the refrigerant does not exceed a dangerous level.
- Yellow: The moisture content of the refrigerant entering the expansion valve is too high.
By the presence of bubbles in the sight glass, you can determine:
- The pressure drop across the filter drier is very high
- No refrigerant subcooling
- Insufficient amount of refrigerant in the system.
- Green color: The moisture content does not exceed a dangerous concentration.
- Yellow: The moisture content of the refrigerant charged into the system is too high.
- The green to yellow transition point in the humidity indicator depends on the solubility of water in the refrigerant.
Uninterrupted water supply to private houses, cottages depends not only on being near a well or well site, but also on special equipment that can supply the required pressure to the desired level, as well as filter and fill the system. The pumping station for the house will cope with this issue.
Pumping stations
Distinctive features
Many consumers who want to provide their homes with water are interested in many questions. For example, what are pumping station differences from a conventional pump? What is the principle of operation of pumping equipment, what is it? What's good about the station?
Experts give such explanations: a pumping station is a device that is designed to create and maintain constant pressure in the plumbing system. Such a system is fully automated and does not require the presence and participation of a person.
The main part of the equipment is the pump itself, but additional devices are required to ensure its operation. Water pressure sensors monitor its level in the pipeline. Hydraulic accumulators control the entire system automatically, regulating the water supply at a wide range of pressure levels. The design of the pump does not really matter.
How to make the right choice?
The main reason for buying pumping equipment for a house or cottage is the lack of a centralized water supply. Naturally, buying a suitable pumping station is a very responsible task. And experts, in turn, draw the attention of the consumer to the technical characteristics and certain parameters of such devices.
The main factor determining the choice of design, is the performance. Since a certain amount of water should be raised to the desired level, providing all households. Also, the properties of water are not the least important: wells have characteristics of depth, water level conditions, pipe sizes and type of filtration system. Basically, pumping equipment is designed for a nine-meter depth of water supply.
Pumping stations are conditionally divided into the following types of devices:
- Self-priming.
- Centrifugal.
- Vortex self-priming.
Equipment by type of construction can be monoblock or console. The first type involves the location of the hydraulics on the same shaft as the electric motor.
There is also a division of devices by type of lifting:
- In the first option, water is supplied from a source.
- The second type of lifting includes the creation of water pressure above the earth's surface, that is, approximately 2-3 floors.
- This is followed by a rise, at which the plumbing system above the 3rd floor is filled. This process is carried out by several pumps connected by a chain.
At the same time, the source of water can be not only a well or a well, it can be used for such needs and main plumbing or reservoir. The most popular type that has earned the attention of users is the self-priming pump.
To know the capabilities of the equipment, you need to understand its characteristics and parameters. A station with an average power, having a hydraulic accumulator volume of 20 liters, is suitable for a house where a family of 3 or 4 lives. The unit of pump capacity is cubic meters.
Performance indicator in 2-4 cubic meters. m. have pumping stations used for domestic needs, while the water pressure parameters become from 40 to 55 m.
To extend the life of the pumping station, the build quality and materials used to manufacture the parts of the device, as well as auxiliary devices, are taken into account. It happens that manufacturers use plastic, but you need to consider that it is short-lived. Metal elements made of cast iron and steel significantly extend the operating period of the pumping station, they also smooth out noise during operation.
Pumping equipment with automatic control usually produced on the basis of self-priming centrifugal systems. Built-in ejectors allow the device to supply water with a pressure of 40 m, even at a depth of 9 meters. It should be noted that the equipment is not affected by the air in the pipeline.
In order for the pumping station to work smoothly for a large amount of time, auxiliary devices should be used to protect it. A filter can become such a device, this is the simplest and most effective method problem solving. It is installed on the suction structure of the unit.
mechanical filter
Most houses and cottages today pump water from wells and wells, and the liquid consists of many chemical impurities that adversely affect the device. For example, water may contain clay and sand, which clog the accumulator and can render the pump unusable. AT this case The installation of a mechanical filter in front of the pumping station as a preliminary barrier to substances destroying the apparatus will help to prevent the problem. This will help prevent the problem in the future.
Developers are introducing special filters that work with submersible pumps, they are installed directly on the equipment. However, this approach also has its drawbacks. The pre-filter operates in such a way that its work interferes head and pressure, both for the pumping station and for the flow of water. Moreover, the filter is connected to a pressure switch, which, when it becomes clogged, creates a situation of stopping the water supply, since it stops passing water through itself. During this time, the pump will work, since it will not receive a shutdown signal that the relay transmits, so it is possible that everything will end up with damage to the pump.
To prevent such shortcomings in the operation of the filter, it is necessary to install it near the pumping station. This will make it possible to clean the filter as needed, however, not the pump, but only the battery will be protected from the harmful effects of impurity particles, so it is still not immune from breakdowns. A dry-running relay is required to protect the pump.
Filter: water purification degree
Rough cleaning
A coarse water filter is also used to operate the pumping station. Thanks to its action, water is purified from the following insoluble particles:
- sand,
- rust,
- Clay.
It also copes with other similar particles that pollute the water. Such a filter has many performance variations, but they all work on the same principle: coarse elements remain in the filter, while the water passes to the pipeline already purified. During the operation of the coarse water filter, particles with a diameter of up to 1 mm are retained in it. The filter, as it gets dirty and particles accumulate, can be removed for cleaning, and then installed back.
The filter element is a fine-mesh mesh or flask with a cartridge, which is made of non-woven polypropylene or polyester. If the impurity particles are larger than the size of the filter cell, then they are retained, and the purified water enters the pump.
The design of the coarse filter can be in the form of a mesh that is installed at the end of the suction pipe, or be a flask in the water supply line.
Fine cleaning.
These filters create a barrier to microparticles with a diameter of less than 1 micron. This group also includes particles of heavy metals. These cleaning devices resemble a flask in design. Filter cartridges made of polyethylene fibers or polypropylene threads are inserted into it. They are wound on a plastic core. Fine filters are usually installed after coarse water treatment devices. In addition, membrane filters can be used, which purify the water in a chain to be suitable for drinking.
Filter classification
Filters are divided into the following types:
To choose the appropriate type of filter, one should proceed from the weight of solid particles, as well as from the performance of the pumping station, its load.
Today, effective water supply for a house or cottage can be carry out economically. After all, modern automatic pumping stations can respond to the opening of mixers when a signal is received. The tap is opened - the equipment starts to supply water, closed - the system is turned off. The filter also allows the pumping station to operate at full capacity, providing protection from various impurities that disrupt its operation.
1 5/8 BCDF 248 S13 suction
Features and benefits of the becool filter drier:
Scope - commercial and industrial refrigeration and air conditioning systems based on piston, scroll or rotary type compressors.
The suction line filters are designed for use with CFC, HCFC and HFC refrigerants, except for ammonia and R-11.
Purpose and technical characteristics:
The main function of the BCDF series filter on the suction line is the effective purification of the refrigerant on the suction line from fine mechanical particles.
The suction line filter is installed in front of the vibration damper on the suction line as close as possible to the compressor in order to protect it from mechanical contaminants entering it, as well as to protect the compressor from failure. In this case, the arrow on the filter nameplate must match the direction of the refrigerant flow.
Key Features:
Copper tubes for soldering.
Filtration of particles up to 15 microns.
Maximum working pressure: 31 bar.
Operating temperature range: -40 C ... +70 C.
The inlet / outlet pipes of the filter are soldered
Specifications
Filter 1 5/8 BCDF 248 S13 suction
Model: BCDF 248 S13
Order code: 071207
Minimum size of filtered particles, mm: 0.015
Maximum working pressure: 31 bar
In/Out Solder: 1 5/8" / 1 5/8"
Dimensions:
Length, mm: 277
Diameter, mm: 90.0
Purpose and technical characteristics:
Minimal pressure drop due to internal design.
High acid and moisture absorption capacity.
Two Schrader valves for measuring the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet of the filter.
Copper tubes for soldering.
Filtration of particles up to 15 microns.
Operating temperature range: -40 C ... +70 C.
Maximum working pressure: BCD - 35 bar, BCDF - 31 bar.
High anti-corrosion protection of internal and external surfaces of the filter.
Compatible with all CFC, HCFC, HFC refrigerants.
Place of installation and installation:
The BCD/F filter drier must be installed as close as possible to the compressor in the suction line, but before the vibration damper.
Protect the filter housing from direct sunlight and vibration.
Do not rush to remove the sealed plugs to prevent moisture and dirt from getting inside the filter.
The installation of pressure gauges on the service ports should be done carefully, limiting the torque on the wrench in order to avoid destruction of the welded connection between the fitting and the filter housing.
The arrow on the filter nameplate indicates the flow direction. Installing in the opposite direction reduces the filter's absorption capacity and increases the pressure drop as the refrigerant passes through the filter, and may destroy the internal parts of the filter.
When soldering, direct the torch flame away from the filter to prevent overheating. Use a wet rag or heat dissipating paste.
If the total weight of the BCD/F filter drier can cause piping to vibrate and connections to break, the filter housing must be secured with special brackets.