Steel r6m5 foreign analogues. Steel R6M5: characteristics, application

Decoding of steels, letter values of steel grades.

The main standard defining the main chemical composition, the letter designation of the alloying components present in the steel is indicated in GOST 4543-71 "Rolled products from alloyed structural steel". To date, various steels are made with additives of components not regulated by this GOST 4543-71, they are often denoted by the first letter of the element name, with some exceptions.

The table provides the literal values of the main elements.

X - chrome	f-vanadium
M-molybdenum	E-selenium
T-titanium	A-nitrogen
N-nickel	L-beryllium
B-tungsten	C-zirconium
D-copper	Yu-aluminum
G-manganese	B-niobium
C-silicon	Ch-rmz (rare earth)
K-cobolt	W-magnesium
P-phosphorus	R-boron

Letter designations of the state of steel

Steel of ordinary quality unalloyed is indicated, for example, steel 3, st.3sp (calm steel)

High-quality structural steel, unalloyed usually referred to as Art. 10-Art. 45 (also Art. 20, Art. 35, Art. 40, the two-digit number of this steel indicates the carbon content in steel (for example, steel 45 carbon content is 0.45%)

Steel Low alloy usually referred to as 09G2S, 10G2, 10KhSND-15KhSND. Steel 09G2S is conventionally decoded as 09G2S - 09 means a carbon content of 0.09%, 09G2S - G2 means the presence of an alloying element in the steel, silicon, the content of which in total is not less than 2.5%, 09G2S - C means a silicon content. Steel 10KhSND and 15KhSND numbers after the letters are not written, because the average content of alloying elements is not less than 1%. Also, low-alloy steels are designated by the letter C - building steel with the corresponding minimum yield strength, C-345, C-355, (there are also S-355T letter T means heat-strengthened steel. If there is a letter To this means increased resistance to corrosion.

Structural spring-spring steel, these are steels such as 65G-70G, 60S2A, 60S2FA. For example, steel 65G means a carbon content of 0.65% and an alloying element G-Manganese

Structural alloyed steel, usually these are grades such as 15X-40X (also Art. 20X Art. 30X), for example, steel 40X means the carbon content of the letter X, the alloying element is chromium. As an example, we denote chromium-silicon-manganese steel 35KhGSA, the steel has an increased resistance to shock loads, very strong steel. For example, steel 35HGSA contains carbon equal to 0.3%, as well as alloying elements X-Chromium, G-Manganese, C-Silicon, A-Nitrogen about 1.0%.

Letter A at the beginning the designation of the steel grade indicates that it is Automatic steel for example, A12, AC12HN, AC14, AC19HGN, AC35G2 are mostly used in the automotive industry, for processing on specialized machines with high cutting speeds. Letter A at the end marking of steels refers it to high-quality steels. For example, 40KhGNM refers to high-quality steels, and 40KhGNMA is already high-quality.

Steel Boiler Room this brand is called a boiler house; it works under high pressure; such steel is also structural, for example, 20K, 20KT, 22K, the average carbon content in it is 0.20%

Structural steel, ball bearing for example, such as ШХ-15, ШХ-20. The designation of ball bearing steel begins with the letter Sh. There is also an alloy of steel ShKh15SG, the letters SG mean a high content of silicon and manganese, which gives the steel the best characteristics. For example, steel ShKh15 stands for the letter Sh - ball bearing steel, X indicates a chromium content of about 1.5%.

Tool steel. Usually, tool steel grades such as U7, U8, U10 belong to high-quality tool steels, and such steel grades as, for example, U7A or U8A, U10A, to high-quality tool steel. Designated by letter U, and the number indicates the carbon content.

High speed steel.quick cutter short title. Denoted by letter R for example, such P9, P18 or P6M5, following the letter R the number indicates the content of the element B-tungsten. For example, R6M5K5 steel means the following R- high speed digital 6 tungsten content , M5 means molybdenum content , K5 indicates the content in the stamp Р6М5К5 K-cobalt . Carbon is not listed because its content is always around 4.5% in all quick cutters. If the content of vanadium is higher than 2.5%, then the letter is indicated F for example R18K5F2.

Electrical steel these are grades like 10880-20880 Steel contains a minimum amount of carbon percentage less than 0.05% because of this it has a small electrical resistivity. For example, brand 10880 is deciphered as follows: the number 1 indicates the hot-rolled or forged rolling method, (the number 2 at the beginning means calibrated steel). The next digit 0 indicates that the steel is unalloyed, without an aging coefficient, if the second digit is 1 then it means steel with a normalized aging coefficient. The third digit means a group according to standardized characteristics. The fourth and fifth numbers mean the quantity according to the normalized characteristics.

Unalloyed electrical steel ARMCO, as it is also called: commercially pure iron (for example, 10880; 20880, etc.) Such grades contain a minimum amount of carbon, less than 0.04%, due to which they have a very low electrical resistivity. The first digit indicates the type of processing (1 - forged or hot rolled, 2 - calibrated). The second digit 0 says that the steel is unalloyed, without a normalized aging coefficient; 1 with a normalized aging coefficient. The third digit indicates the group according to the main normalized characteristic. The fourth and fifth are the number of values of the main normalized characteristic.

Cast steels have the letter L at the end of the grade are designated in the same way as structural steels, for example, 110G1L GOST 977-75, 997-88

Aluminum alloys are denoted by the letter A, for example, AMG, AMTs, AD-1N (D- means duralumin, H- means hard-worked), Aluminum alloys are marked according to the following principle: grades of casting alloys have the first letter A, followed by L. Alloys for forging and stamping behind the letter And they have the letter K. After these two letters, the conditional number of the alloy is put.

The accepted designations for deformed alloys are as follows: aviation alloy - AB, aluminum-magnesium - AMg, aluminum-manganese - AMts. Duralumins are designated by the letter D followed by a conditional number.

high quality steel, In the manufacture of stainless steel, different manufacturing methods are used.

Electroslag remelting denoted by the letter W at the end of the value e.g. stainless steel 95Х18-Ш, 20ХН3А-Ш.

vacuum arc remelting is indicated at the end of the value by letters VD for example EP33-VD.

Electroslag followed by vacuum-arc remelting is denoted ShVD.

Vacuum induction melting has the designation IN AND.

electron beam remelting has a lettering EL.

Oxy-gas refined remelting has the meaning GR.

What steel is used in the manufacture of knives and what are its characteristics? Let's try to figure it out:

Damascus steel.

The composition of the knife blade from damascus steel includes several carbon steels such as: ШХ-15, 5ХНМА, У8А, and steel 45 is mainly used for communication. When forging a Damascus knife, as a rule, three different packages of Damascus steel are used, they are different in their properties, characteristics and perform various functions. For example, for the butt of a knife, a package is used that has a greater impact strength. The middle part of the blade needs a package that can withstand transverse loads, that is, for a break. And the third is a cutting package with a high carbon content, which after heat treatment should have a hardness of 62-64 units. HRC. Also, after forging on the cutting edge of the knife, due to the alternation of metals with different carbon content, a microsaw is formed, which undoubtedly improves the cutting properties of the knife.

Steel 95X18 (stainless steel)

Knives whose blades are made of this 95X18 steel are distinguished by excellent cutting properties and high hardness of 58-60 units. HRC. This is achieved due to the high carbon content in steel. This metal resistant to various aggressive environments, does not corrode.

Chemical composition of steel 95X18:


0.9 - 1	up to 0.8	up to 0.8	up to 0.6	up to 0.025	up to 0.03	17 - 19	up to 0.2	up to 0.3

Steel H12MF (tool)

Knives with blades also have good cutting properties and have a hardness of 60-62 units. HRC Blade metal contains 12% chromium and is not very resistant to corrosion. Knives made of this steel hold the edge well.

Chemical composition:


1.45 - 1.65	0.1 - 0.4	0.15 - 0.45	up to 0.4	up to 0.03	up to 0.03	11 - 12.5	0.4 - 0.6	0.15 - 0.3	up to 0.3

Steel XB5 (popularly diamond)

In the manufacture of knives from this steel, the blades have a hardness of 62-64 units. HRC, keep the formation well. This steel is also called "diamond steel" due to its high hardness and similarity to diamond.

Chemical composition of steel:


1.3 - 1.5	0.1 - 0.3	0.1 - 0.3	0.5 - 0.7	1.0 - 3.0	4.0-5.0	0.03

Steel R6M5K5 (quick cut)

The main advantages are: hardness 65-66 units. HRC, excellent cutting properties, keeps sharpening for a very long time, with proper hardening and heat treatment it will not be brittle.

Steel R6M5 (M2).

The old man among high-speed steels - was developed in the thirties of the twentieth century. It is widely used throughout the world and is a kind of standard for comparison with other steels. This steel is widely used for the manufacture of blades. It has good resistance to wear, well amenable to grinding.

Chemical composition of R6M5K5 steel:

Features of hardening heat treatment R6M5

Although P6M5 tungsten-molybdenum steel is called "self-hardening", the hardening process cannot be left to chance. Compliance with the recommended modes of annealing, heating and tempering allows you to increase the life of cutters and cutters by 20-30%.
Hardening of the tool is carried out in steps with preheating in salt baths: 15-30 sec. at temperatures of 500 and 850 °C. The duration of the final heating to a temperature of 1280°C is calculated by the empirical formula: 10 s * 1 mm of metal thickness. Vacation mode - three times for 1 hour each at T=580-600°C.
In modern engineering, more and more often, cutting tools for metal processing are performed using welded cutting surfaces. During heat treatment of a welded tool, it is placed in a saline solution in such a way that the welding site does not reach the level of the solution by 15–20 mm.

Production and supply of alloyed tool steels

Steel R6M5 after pouring contains inclusions of carbides of various sizes, which significantly reduces its mechanical properties. Therefore, in the production of R6M5, careful forging of blanks is necessary with strict control of the temperatures of the beginning and end of forging. During forging, large carbide groups are crushed and more evenly distributed throughout the metal structure. With insufficient forging, local accumulation of carbides occurs, in which the fracture strength of the material is much lower.
Such stability of production is ensured at the Cherepovets (PJSC Severstal) and Chelyabinsk (MECHEL Group) metallurgical plants.

Brief information about enterprises:

Cherepovets minethe steel mill is the largest steel asset of the Russian Steel division, which is part of Severstal.

Chelyabinsk Iron and Steel Works (MECHEL Group)
Mechel OAO, founded in 2003, is one of the world's leading companies in the mining and metallurgical industries. The company includes manufacturing enterprises in 11 regions of Russia, as well as in the USA, Lithuania and Ukraine.
Mechel unites more than 20 industrial enterprises.
Rolled steel hot-rolled strip steelP6M5 with a length of 3-6 meters of various profiles in accordance with GOST 4405-75 and GOST 19265-73 is produced at the Izhevsk Metallurgical Plant, which is part of MECHEL.

Prices, terms of delivery and volumes of products sold are indicated on the official websites of the factories, but for the purchase of small lots of metal, you will have to contact metal traders. Factories do not ship 1-2 tons of metal, and the average order is just that.
Among the most popular traders, R6M5 steel can be purchased from companies:

Hatis Steel LLC - http://www.atissteel.ru
Atomtekhnologii LLC -

Before proceeding with the creation of a knife, the master needs to clearly know all the features of the steel from which the final product will be made in the future. Each individual steel, with the exception of analogues, which will be discussed below, is unique in its composition, which means that its processing should be approached wisely. So, the focus of our attention is R6M5 steel, the characteristics and application of which we will describe in detail below.

The chemical composition of steel R6M5

Anyone familiar with the Soviet system immediately recognized the main purpose of this brand. However, for those who have only recently begun to study this topic, it should be mentioned:

- This is high-speed tool steel.

By the name it is clear that the characteristics are more than acceptable for the manufacture of cutting objects. It is not difficult to guess that all steels of this type according to the Soviet system were designated by the initial letter “P”, from the English Rapid, that is, “fast”. The rest of the marking is the name of the main alloying additives. AT this case the number “6” indicates the amount of tungsten (W) in the composition, and the abbreviation “M5” tells us about the presence of molybdenum (Mo) in the composition in the amount of five percent of the total weight. However, the main ligature composition looks like this:

0.9% carbon (C);
6% tungsten (W);
5% molybdenum (Mo);
4% chromium (Cr);
2% vanadium (V).

In addition to this set, there are a number of minor additives, but they can be safely ignored, because in R6M5 steel the characteristics are set precisely by the above alloying elements.

And the promised counterparts:

In the United States market, the closest analogue is called T11302 or M2.
In the Land of the Rising Sun, the analogue is called SKH51.
In Europe, you can find analogues under the names Hs6-5-2 or 1.3339.

In work

Annealing. The limiting annealing temperature is 880 °C with a decrease of 50 °C per hour. We reach the bottom limit value temperature of 650 ° C, after which we cool the workpiece in air.
Forging. The temperature corridor at this stage starts at 1160°C and ends at 860°C.
hardening. At this stage, you will have to sweat, because the starting temperature here is 1200 ° C. Next, the workpiece is lowered into oil up to 200 ° C, after which it is again exposed to air. As a result, we get a blade with a hardness of 62 units on the Rockwell scale. There is an opinion that this steel can also be hardened in water, but this clean water lies of lazy masters.
Vacation. You need to release the blade three times: for an hour each and at a temperature of 500 ° C. After that, its hardness will increase by about three units and will be 65 units. by Rockwell.

Steel R6M5: characteristics and applications for knives

The result of all your efforts is a blade with a strong cutting edge, but viscous enough to gradually dull without the appearance of small and not very chips. However, the blade, even with all the efforts, will turn out to be fragile, so we do not advise you to subject it to excessive loads.

Without proper care, it slowly, but rusts. When etched, it acquires an even black color. It is ground and polished well, but difficult - because of the high hardness.

Outcome

In the manufacture of you will require exceptional care, because steel is extremely capricious at the stage heat treatment and is prone to decarburization when overheated. It is also worth being patient for the time of metalworking, because R6M5 steel has extreme strength characteristics. But if you observe all the subtleties, the final product will turn out to be extremely high-quality and wear-resistant.

R6M5 steel, sometimes called a quick-cut (high-speed) or samokal, belongs to the category of tool steels. The presence of alloying elements in this steel, and the decoding P6M5, indicates that its mass volume contains about 6% tungsten and 5% molybdenum. By the way, the letter P shows that this steel belongs to high-speed. There are imported analogues - M2 (USA AISI / ASTM). Marking of imported steels begins with the abbreviation HSS, its decoding sounds like this - high-speed steel.

Normative base

Manufacturers of R6M5 steel should be guided by a number of GOST and TU, which determine the range of manufactured products, chemical composition, control and acceptance procedures finished products. All steel that goes to domestic market from abroad, must meet their requirements.

One of the fundamental documents is GOST 19265-73. It is in it that the basic requirements for this steel are determined.

Characteristic R6M5

Among the key properties of R6M5 are:

tendency to decarburization;

wear resistance;

high viscosity.

In addition, it is well processed on grinding equipment.

All of the above characteristics make it possible to use it in the production of tool products of the widest application, which can be used to work with structural, including alloy steels.

Most often, P6M5 is used in the production of broaches, firmware, turning tools, milling cutters, etc.

Sometimes P6M5 is called tungsten-molybdenum steel. It is able to maintain its properties even when working at high temperatures. As an example, it can be said that after heat treatment, its hardness remains unchanged.

These characteristics predetermined its use as a steel used to work at high temperatures.

Another quality of R6M5 steel is that it keeps sharpening well. In addition, this steel withstands impact loads well. This allows its use as drills, reamers and other tool products.

Subtleties of heat treatment

Heat treatment of R6M5 has a number of technological subtleties. They are related to the property of this steel to decarburize and the time required to heat up to the hardening temperature. It is 1230 degrees Celsius and in the process of heating they make a vacation when they reach 200 and 30 degrees, the time for these intermediate operations is one hour. Further, the heating is stopped at the level of 690, 860 and 1230 degrees. The first two stops last three minutes, the last ninety seconds.

A rather complicated hardening process cannot but affect the price of the alloy and the characteristics of the material.

Upon reaching the set temperature of 1230 degrees, R6M5 is cooled using saltpeter, oil and air. After that, tempering is carried out at a temperature level of 560 degrees. The exposure time is one and a half hours. At tempering points, alloying additives are added to the alloy, which give the product the necessary hardness.

Before starting all types of heat treatment, the steel must be annealed. This operation provides a reduction in brittleness, but at the same time maintaining its strength parameters.

The use of P6M5 in production and everyday life

P6M5 is often used for the production of knives, and as in serial production, as well as in everyday life. It should be noted that a properly sharpened knife can cope with almost any material, on the Internet you can find a video where you can see how a knife made from this brand cuts a metal plate.

Despite the high price, P6M5 knives are very popular in everyday life, but the problem is that a product made of this steel is difficult to sharpen and therefore most often such a knife can be found among hunters, tourists, etc.

In almost every house you can find power tools, but all technological equipment and tools are made of P6M5.

Drills made of this steel are used for various household chores. From this alloy produce such products as:

simple drills sharpened on one side;
made in the form of a crown, they are designed for drywall;
with a spear-shaped ending.

Of course, drills for working with metal are also produced from this steel.

In industry, R6M5 is used for the manufacture of various tools, for example:

sweep;

dies (lerks);

slotting cutters;

blades for manual and mechanical hacksaws.

Sharpening features

Products from P6M5 are subject to periodic blunting. We can immediately say that ordinary circles made of electrocorundum are unlikely to help sharpen. To do this, it is advisable to use abrasives made on the basis of CBN.

For sharpening and straightening, flat profile circles (PP), as well as cup wheels, are used. But sharpening with CBN-based circles has its drawbacks, expressed in poor-quality surface cleanliness and the appearance of changes in the structure of the metal.

To achieve the maximum effect from sharpening P6M5, it is recommended to sharpen in two passes:

preliminary, for this, circles with a grain of 40 are used;
finishing, for this use circles with a grain of 25 - 16.

The price of R6M5 steel

The cost of R6M5 is quite high. So, in Moscow, a circle with a thickness of 2 mm costs 1,350 rubles per kilogram, and a circle with a thickness of 16 mm, its price will be 600 rubles per kilogram. For comparison, ordinary carbon steel costs between 20 and 40 rubles per kilogram.