Introduction…………………………………………………………………………
1 Characteristics of accommodation facilities……………………….……………
1.1 History of the development of accommodation facilities………………………….…….
1.2 The concept of accommodation facilities……………………………………………
1.2.1 Classification of accommodation facilities…………………………………
1.2.2 Technological scheme of serving tourists in accommodation facilities…………………………………………………………………..
1.2.3 Types of rooms in accommodation facilities………………………………
1.3 General requirements for accommodation facilities…………………………..
2 Analysis and prospects for the development of accommodation facilities…………………..
2.1 Current trends in the development of accommodation facilities in the world ...... ...
2.2 The current state and prospects for the development of accommodation enterprises in Russia………………………………………………………...
2.2.1 The current state of the hotel business ………...…………...
2.2.2 Problems of the Russian hotel business and ways to solve them...
2.2.3 Prospects for the development of the hotel business……………………….
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..
List of sources used………………………………………

Introduction

The services provided to tourists by accommodation facilities are the main services in tourism activities, both in organizing individual and group travel.

The standard international classification of accommodation facilities assumes two varieties: collective accommodation facilities and individual accommodation facilities. In turn, collective accommodation facilities are divided into hotels and similar accommodation facilities; specialized accommodation facilities and other collective accommodation facilities. Hotels and similar accommodation facilities have the following features:

Consist of numbers, the number of which exceeds a certain minimum, have a single leadership;

They provide a variety of hotel services, the list of which is not limited to daily bed making, room and bathroom cleaning;

They are grouped into classes (classified) and can be graded (certified) according to the services provided, equipment available, building architecture and personnel qualifications.

The minimum occupancy of hotels and similar accommodation facilities depends on national and regional conditions and current standards and is usually 7-10 rooms.

Specialized accommodation facilities provide a minimum of services and do not necessarily consist of rooms. These institutions, in addition to providing accommodation services, provide specialized services such as treatment and rehabilitation, social services, organization of meetings and conferences, etc. The specificity of the services provided determines the classes of these accommodation facilities: sanatoriums, resorts, congress centers, various labor and recreation camps.

Other collective accommodation facilities - accommodation facilities of any type, including non-profit ones, providing a minimum amount of services and not necessarily consisting of rooms. These may include campsites, social accommodation facilities (dormitories, holiday homes).

The authors of the domestic, so-called state system for classifying hotels and other accommodation facilities assure that a unified state system for classifying hotels has been created, as in other countries of the world, in particular, in France.

The purpose of this course work is to study and analyze the history of the emergence of accommodation enterprises, their types, development prospects, as well as the state and problems of accommodation enterprises in Russia.

The theme of the development of accommodation facilities in Russia was not chosen by chance, because. I consider it relevant, because in Russia the intensive development of the tourism industry begins, because. the country has all the necessary prerequisites, namely: recreational resources, qualified labor resources, a large number of cultural and architectural monuments of the World Heritage - for example: the city of St. Petersburg. International tourism plays an increasingly prominent role in the global economy. Accommodation is the most important element of the tourism industry. A tourist is a visitor who has received a hotel room with a bed. Since the state is currently pursuing a policy to improve the quality of tourist services, this is expressed in the reconstruction of hotels built in the 50-60s, new ones are being built, a network of educational institutions is developing that prepares qualified labor resources for the tourism industry, work is underway on advertising.

1 Characteristics of accommodation facilities

1.1 History of the development of accommodation facilities in Russia

Development of tourism in 1970-1990 happened in accordance with plans, the implementation of which was mandatory. They were developed for long periods (5-10 years) and approved by the highest authorities for tourism. The normative indicators of the plans, which were taken as the basis for the development of the tourism industry and services, were subject to strict control.

Tourism was used as a means of educational influence on the younger generation. So, in the 1970s, all-Union campaigns and expeditions of schoolchildren and youth were carried out. The goals of such mass tourism enterprises were to instill patriotism, excursion and local history work, sports training and hardening.

Since that time, new forms of recreation began to be introduced: some camp sites began to accept parents with children. The range of tourist services in tourist farms has increased.

The Central Council for Tourism and Excursions (as it has been called since 1969) opened the Central Tourist Refresher Courses for tourist and excursion workers and the Central Advertising and Information Bureau "Tourist", which published methodological literature on tourism and excursion business. Great attention was paid to the improvement of existing tourist hotels, bases, campsites.

Tourist-excursion business has become a major branch of public service, firmly entered the life of the Soviet people. Routes for parents with children were developed, transport trips were organized: motor ships (river and sea), rail and air.

In October 1980, in the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions “On the further development and improvement of the tourist and excursion business in the country”, the following tasks were defined:

Creation of comfortable tourist establishments of year-round action;

Expansion of the volume of tourist services for citizens, as their growing needs were not fully met;

Creation of the tourism industry, improving the quality of service;

Improving the types and forms of services provided.

In the long-term construction plans, preference was given to large tourist complexes, including hotels, camp sites, campsites, shelters, catering establishments, shops selling souvenirs, resort and sporting goods.

An important activity of tourism organizations in the early 1980s was the study and study of tourist and excursion opportunities in territories, regions, republics and the development of promising schemes for the development of tourism in individual regions.

In the period 1980-1992. the material and technical base of medical and health tourism gradually grew, new hotel complexes appeared in major cities of the country (Izmailovo and Salyut in Moscow, Tourist in Pskov, Velingrad in Kislovodsk, etc.), new types of services - family holidays and course treatment. During the course of treatment, vacationers lived in apartments and houses of the private sector, and received a course of treatment and rehabilitation in a sanatorium. Recreational services were well developed on the basis of sanatoriums, as well as rest houses.

1.2. The concept of accommodation facilities

Accommodation means - premises with at least 5 rooms and used by organizations of various organizational and legal forms and individual entrepreneurs for temporary accommodation of tourists; room in an accommodation facility - one or more rooms with furniture, equipment and inventory necessary for temporary accommodation of tourists.

Accommodation facilities for tourists - any facility intended for temporary residence of tourists (hotel, camp site, camping site, etc.).

In world practice, there is no generally accepted definition of “a means of accommodation for tourists”, however, WTO experts suggest that “any object that regularly (or sometimes) provides tourists with accommodation for overnight stays” is considered as such.

Nowadays, more and more young people are interested in the specialty of hotel business, because with such a profession there is every chance to really quickly climb the career ladder and have a big income. However, before choosing the hotel business, you need to clearly understand what kind of profession it is, what duties it carries, its nuances and features.

Specialty hotel service

Graduating from a university with a degree in hotel service (specialty code 43.02 11), and after working on it, the graduate must:

• monitor the creation of comfortable conditions in hotels,
• solve organizational and strategic tasks,
• to organize really comfortable conditions for clients and consumers,
• keep clean and tidy,
• work with customer reviews and complaints, and promptly eliminate them.

So, working in the specialty hotel service is really an outstanding and serious matter.

Specialty hotel service - colleges

The opportunity to receive secondary vocational education in this specialty is provided by:

• Sestroretsk Lyceum S. I. Mosin;
• Nizhny Novgorod College of Small Business;
• Sergiev Posad College;
• Tuapse Social and Pedagogical College;
• Regional College of Entrepreneurship, Perm;
• Rybinsk Industrial and Economic College;
• Ural College of Business, Management and Technology of Beauty, Yekaterinburg;
• Rostov College of Fashion Industry, Economics and Service;
• Perm College of Professional Technologies and Design.

Moscow colleges with a specialization in hotel service

• College "Podmoskovye", Klin (Moscow region, Klin district);
• Hospitality and Management College No. 23, Moscow;
• College of Urban Planning, Transport and Technology No. 41, Moscow;
• Polytechnic College No. 50, Moscow;
• Educational complex "South-West", Moscow;
• Moscow College of Management, Hotel Business and Information Technology "Tsaritsyno".

Specialty hotel business in St. Petersburg

• St. Petersburg Technical College of Management and Commerce;
• Leningrad Socio-Pedagogical College;
• Petrovsky College, St. Petersburg.

Hospitality specialty

This job includes duties such as:

• control of accommodation services, managers,
• organization of staff work,
• control of service and booking services, the work of the company's logistics center.

Of course, all these responsibilities can vary and depend on the specific position. In any case, you need to understand that the hotel business is a specialty that requires dedication and great self-control.

Hospitality specialty

This specialization includes:

• solving issues of customer accommodation and their comfort,
• solving money issues
• management of employees and control of the work of all services related to booking, accommodation, as well as maintenance.

In addition, an expert in the hotel business must be attentive and communicative, easily resolve any issues and have nerves of steel.

Universities specializing in hotel business (hotel service)

Those who have already made their choice are most likely worried about the question: - "Which university is it better to enter?". If you are attracted by the specialty of hotel business, Moscow universities conduct an annual recruitment for it. So, you have every chance to enter such institutions as MGIIT or the Academy of Law and Management. But those who want to get a specialty in hotel service after the 9th grade will open the doors of the college of small business number 48 or the college of hotel management. When choosing universities in Moscow with a specialty in hotel business, you can pay attention to the Moscow State Institute named after E.R. Dashkova, who produces real experts.

Universities of Moscow with a specialization in hotel business

To get higher education in this specialty provide:

• Russian State University for the Humanities;
• Moscow State Institute of Tourism Industry named after Yu.A. Senkevich;
• Russian New University;
• Russian State Social University;
• Institute of Tourism and Hospitality (Moscow) (branch) of the Russian State University of Tourism and Service;
• Gzhel State University;
• Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism;
• Moscow State University of Communications of Emperor Nicholas II;
• Moscow Humanitarian and Technical Academy;
• Moscow Humanitarian University;
• Peoples' Friendship University of Russia;
• Moscow Humanitarian Institute named after E.R. Dashkova;
• Academy of Labor and Social Relations;
• Domodedovo branch of the Russian New University;
• Moscow University of Public Administration.

What to work after graduating from high school?

Those who are going to get a specialty hotel service, who to work after completing their studies, are primarily interested in. Where to work in the specialty of hotel service? Having received such an education, you can work as a hotel administrator or porter. But those who have completed their studies in the specialty of hotel business can get a job as a manager of a hotel, hotel or restaurant. You can work as a deputy or general manager. And those who are specialists in the hotel business can hold various managerial and administrative positions in hotels or restaurants.

The most common entrance exams are:

• Russian language
• Mathematics (basic level)
• Social studies - a profile subject, at the choice of the university
• History - at the choice of the university
• Informatics and information and communication technologies (ICT) - at the choice of the university
• Foreign language - at the choice of the university

The popularization and mass expansion of tourism in the world, cooperation with foreign partners and other factors require qualified specialists who are well versed in the hotel business and tourism business management in general. That is why this specialty attracts many applicants who (subject to good training) are guaranteed to be successfully employed.

The most common entrance exams

To enter the specialty "Hospitality", applicants are invited to take exams or count the results of the Unified State Examination in three subjects. The profile exam is social science, since training involves the study of a large number of social disciplines.

Other required exams are Russian and History. Some universities are replacing history with computer science and ICT. At the discretion of the school, a foreign language exam may be offered.

Brief description of the specialty

A specialist in this area can be engaged in organizational and managerial or production and technical professional activities. Students study a number of disciplines that allow them to form professional competencies. However, an important role in the training of specialists is given to the formation of the culture of the future hotel employee. Therefore, among the disciplines you can find conflictology and the psychology of business communication. In the process of learning, students participate in various trainings, undergo several practices, including abroad (depending on the particular university), study two foreign languages.

Major universities

The most famous educational institutions that train specialists in the specialty 43.03.03 "Hospitality"

• Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism;
• Voskresensky Institute of Tourism (branch) of the Russian International Academy of Tourism;
• Moscow State Institute of Tourism Industry named after Yu.A. Senkevich;
• Academy of Labor and Social Relations;
• Russian State University of Tourism and Service.

Terms and forms of training

Training involves the following forms: full-time, part-time and part-time. The duration of full-time study is 4 years, on other forms - from 4 years 4 months to 5 years. After receiving a bachelor's degree, you can continue your studies in this specialty in the master's program.

Subjects studied by students

In the process of learning, students master six cycles of disciplines and separately physical culture.

These are the following cycles:

• humanitarian,
• social,
• economic,
• mathematical,
• natural science,
• professional.

Each of the above cycles includes the base and profile parts. The disciplines of the basic part of the cycles include philosophy, logic, history, psychology, life safety, economics, marketing, a foreign language, computer science and others.

Thanks to the profile part, the student receives good professional training and the opportunity for successful further education. Such disciplines are determined by the university depending on the specific profile of education.

Profile disciplines can be the following:

• logistics, hotel industry technologies,
• hotel animation,
• public relations in the industry,
• basics of entrepreneurship,
• hotel personnel management,
• business planning and others.

A number of disciplines are offered to students to study to choose from, depending on what directly interests them in the hotel business. These can be the basics of service science, sales management, marketing in the hotel and tourism industry, and others.

Acquired knowledge and skills

A bachelor in the field of hotel business during the training acquires the following knowledge and skills:

Whom to work

Bachelor graduates are employed in various organizations and companies in the hotel and tourism industry and hold the positions of director, department manager, specialist in sales, planning, development, marketing and advertising departments. Also, the specialty implies a successful entrepreneurial activity.

The next direction of employment is hotels, hotels, sanatoriums, recreation centers, health and resort complexes.

Here graduates can take the following positions:

• supervisor,
• administrator,
• manager,
• head of booking, accommodation, service maintenance,
• personnel manager, etc.

You can find a job both in the resort or large cities of our country, and abroad. The choice of country may depend on the second foreign language studied. Salaries start from 30,000 rubles for service managers and from 40,000 rubles for hotel managers. For large hotels and popular tourist destinations, these numbers almost double.

There is the prospect of building a career vertically (from HR manager to manager) and horizontally (with a transition to larger and more popular hotels).

In Russian universities, not so long ago, the specialty "Hospitality" appeared. What is the profession of "Hospitality Specialist", and in what industry can a graduate work?

Consider this specialization in detail in order to understand all its positive and negative sides.

Who is a hospitality manager

This is a specialist in charge of organizing guest services in hotels and tourist complexes. He accepts, places, writes out guests, is responsible for the smooth operation of the facility.

Top 10 professions in the hotel and restaurant business

The hospitality and tourism industry in Russia is developing rapidly. It includes three main sectors: catering, hotel management and tourism. The first two are often combined under one term "Hotel-restaurant (business)" or "Hotel-restaurant business".

We can give the following definition of the concept of "hotel and tourism business" - this is a sector of the economy that is associated with the provision of services in the field of hotel management and tourism.

Let's see what professions in this area are the most respected, paid and interesting:

• hotel manager;
• PR manager;
• hostess;
• hotel manager;
• event organizer;
• nutrition manager;
• manager of the reception and accommodation service;
• brand manager;
• room stock supervisor;
• Chef.

The question often arises before the applicant - what is better "Tourism" or "Hotel business"? Everyone decides for himself. But the second direction is very promising.

Consumers want to see not only a traditional hotel or a hotel - today they are attracted by something new, non-standard. For example, floating hotels, botels, boat camping, etc.

You always have a chance to open your own business, for which you do not need to recruit a large staff (for example, hostels, etc.).

Where and how many years to study in the specialty "Hotel service"

In Russia, higher education in this specialty (applied bachelor's degree) can be obtained at almost 100 universities in the country (97, to be exact). Be sure to read reviews about the university from students and graduates before entering.

Let's list top 5 universities of the Russian Federation, where training is provided:

• Kazan (Privolzhsky) Federal University (KFU);
• Southern Federal University (SFU);
• Ural Federal University B. N. Yeltsin (UrFU named after B. N. Yeltsin);
• Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (PFUR);
• Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU).

The term of study is 4 years (full-time). The study is supplemented by practice in hotels, with which the university has an agreement.

Today in Russia, education in this specialty is offered not only by universities, but also by colleges, where you can enter after the 9th or 11th grade, as well as private companies and organizations that retrain specialists.

For example, at Synergy University (Moscow) there is a college (direction "Hotel service", faculty of hotel and restaurant business) with a training period of 1 year 10 months or 2 years 10 months. After graduation, there is an opportunity to enter the 2nd or 3rd year of the specialty "Management in the hotel and restaurant business" (first higher education).

At the same university, you can get a second degree in a similar specialty with a study period of 4-4.5 years. Master's and postgraduate studies will be further stages of education.

What subjects can be in the curriculum of the direction "Hospitality":

• organization of reception and accommodation services;
• sales technology in the hotel business;
• advertising in the hotel business;
• technology and organization of catering services;
• standardization and quality control of hotel services;
• international hotel chains;
• corporate culture in the hotel business, etc.

In addition, there are courses with different lengths of study offered by various private companies.

What items to take

To enter the specialty "Hotel service", "Hotel business" you need to pass the exam in three subjects.

To date, the list is as follows:

• Russian language (basic level);
• mathematics (basic level);
• social science (profile level).

Other exams are taken at St Petersburg University: Russian language, social studies, foreign language. Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin - social science, history, Russian language. The USE in these subjects will also be asked of you at the Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management "NINH" (NSUEU).

The exact list of subjects must be found out in advance on the website of the university of interest.

Who can work a graduate with a diploma "Hospitality"

After receiving a diploma in the specialty "Hospitality", you can apply for a place in the middle management, that is, hotel management.

You have already stepped over the lower-level positions (cleaners, maids). The highest level will be the top managerial level.

What vacancies can be offered to a graduate:

• manager;
• administrator;
• manager;
• HR Specialist.

How to become a hotel manager

First of all, you must have an education in the direction of "Hospitality". The second is also necessary - "Personnel Management".

It is desirable to have an economic or legal education. Such complexity will give you an advantage, in particular:

• in the management of marketing activities, which includes production and sales marketing, marketing communications;
• in intra-company management (management), including strategic, current, operational, process management, project management, development;
• in intra-company planning and forecasting, which includes strategic, current, operational planning, management control.

To become a manager, it is good to have not only diplomas from leading universities, but also certificates of internships in prestigious hotels, hotels, especially foreign ones.

What is the salary of a hotel manager in Moscow

The manager of a hotel in Moscow receives an average of about 70,000 rubles(according to the site Moscva.trud.com). This profession is one of the highest paid. In the regions, such work is paid, of course, lower.

Career in the hospitality industry

If you are hardworking, have organizational skills, are sociable, have resistance to stressful situations, can work in a multitasking environment (you have to solve the most diverse tasks every day), know foreign languages, then you can count on career growth.

Experience and practice can allow in the future to take such a prestigious position as an "expert in the hotel business", who is engaged in forecasting in the hotel industry.

Hotel service specialist - the pros and cons of the profession

In general, this area of ​​activity is very attractive.

Among the advantages is the demand for the profession. A graduate can find a job not only in Russia, but also abroad. In addition, the experience of communicating with people is always useful in life.

Among the minuses can be noted a large amount of work, frequent stressful situations and problems that need to be dealt with as professionally as possible. This is understood as: an even tone of speech, goodwill, a desire to find a compromise. A hotel service specialist can work night shifts, on public holidays.