During World War II, on the fronts, Christmas trees were decorated with figurines made from shoulder straps, bandages, and socks. Toys were also produced, in limited quantities, of course. Decorating the Christmas tree for the New Year was mandatory; this ritual reminded of a peaceful life and gave strength to hope for an early victory. "Military" Christmas trees were decorated with "soldiers", "tanks", "pistols", "medical dogs"; even Santa Claus New Year's cards beat the Nazis...
By the age of 30, glass toys had occupied the main niche in the production of festive products. The glassblower blew the workpiece through a glass tube heated red-hot on a gas burner. When it reached the desired size, one end was soldered. Then it was cooled, dipped in colored varnish or silver nitrite, painted by hand, rhinestones and sparkles were glued to it, and a so-called “hat” with a loop was attached to it.
In the 1980s, the production of serial toys that did not differ in original design ideas continued. Balloons of the most diverse range of colors, with silver and gold plating, with pasted flowers and stars. "Cones", as if sprinkled with sugar.
Jewelers have created a New Year's toy to decorate the Christmas tree. The price of this jewelry exceeded all expectations. This Christmas tree toy is recognized as the most expensive in the world. Christmas decoration, encrusted with rubies and diamonds. The price of this product is USD.
On September 18, 2008, a unique, the only Christmas tree decoration Museum in Russia - "Klinskoye Compound" was opened! "Klinskoye Compound" is a museum of Christmas decorations in the city of Klin near Moscow. This museum is young and so far the only one in Russia. The museum is located in a nice modern tower.
The largest collection of Christmas decorations belongs to the American Kim Balashak, who has been living in Moscow for more than ten years. Her collection includes a little over 2,500 Soviet Christmas decorations. It is Balashak who represents Russia in international organization collectors of Christmas decorations "Golden glow".
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Performed by a student of the 11th grade of the secondary school No. 2 of the city of Pechora Kaneva Maria
The history of Soviet New Year's toys.
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A bit from the history of the New Year in the USSR ...
At the dawn of formation Soviet Union(in 1927) as part of an anti-religious company, the Bolsheviks banned the Christmas tree and Christmas decorations. "Only the one who is a friend of the priests is ready to celebrate the Christmas tree." (Agitation slogan of the 1920s) “The guys are deceived that Santa Claus brought them gifts. The religiosity of the guys begins with the Christmas tree. The ruling exploiting classes use the "nice" Christmas tree and the "kind" Santa Claus also in order to make obedient and patient servants of capital out of the working people. (“Materials for Anti-Religious Propaganda on Christmas Days”, 1927)
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New Year traditions returned only in 1935. From a letter from Pavel Postyshev, a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, published by the Pravda newspaper on December 28, 1935: “In pre-revolutionary times, the bourgeoisie and bourgeois officials always arranged for New Year tree for their children. The children of the workers enviously looked through the window at the Christmas tree sparkling with multi-colored lights and the children of the rich having fun around it. Why do our schools, orphanages, nurseries, children's clubs, palaces of pioneers deprive the children of the working people of the Soviet country of this wonderful pleasure? Some, none other than "leftist" benders, denounced this children's entertainment as a bourgeois undertaking. This wrong condemnation of the Christmas tree, which is a great entertainment for children, should be put to an end. Let's organize a fun New Year's Eve for children, arrange a good Soviet Christmas tree in all cities and collective farms.
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In the same year, in November, at the first congress of the Stakhanovists, Stalin said his famous phrase: "Life has become better, life has become more fun, comrades!" In general, the Christmas tree, which was so unexpectedly allowed, became a confirmation happy life proletariat, joyful childhood, as well as school uniforms(girls began to wear white aprons and brown dresses to school, and boys wore blue suits) and many other seemingly insignificant details.
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Soviet New Year's toys.
In the 1930s and 1940s, Christmas trees were decorated with homemade or handicraft toys bought from the market. In schools and kindergartens, children learned how to make New Year's decorations from cotton wool, cardboard, papier-mâché, cut paper garlands, assemble structures from tubes and glass beads on wire.
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Factory jewelry at that time was a luxury item and a great rarity, but they mass production gradually improved. One of the first to establish serial production of New Year's wire toys was the Moskabel plant.
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Using New Year's toys from the times of the USSR, one can literally study the history of our country. Figurines of children, fairy-tale characters, clowns, ballerinas, outlandish birds and animals, fruits and vegetables, of course, remained from pre-revolutionary times.
But the angels were replaced by bright symbols of the Soviet era: balls with a hammer and sickle, "ruby" stars, athletes and pioneers with red flags, Budenovites, Red Army soldiers, women in padded jackets and scarlet scarves.
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In addition to patriotic agitation symbols, “classic plots” from school curriculum: Ivan Tsarevich, Mistress of the Copper Mountain, Ruslan and Lyudmila, brother Rabbit and brother Fox, Little Red Riding Hood, Puss in Boots, Crocodile with Totosha and Kokosha, doctor Aibolit.
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With the release of the film "Circus" (in 1936), figurines on circus themes became popular: clowns, tigers, trained dogs, other animals, illusionists, fakirs and entertainers.
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The development of the North was marked by the appearance of figurines of polar explorers.
A separate topic in the history of the Soviet New Year's toys highlighted the theme of the war in Spain. In 1938, a glass ball was released with two aircraft, one of which dives the other.
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The era of aeronautics also found its worthy reflection in Christmas decorations in the form of airships, airplanes, parachutes and skydivers with the inscription "USSR".
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AT Soviet time the "image" of the Soviet Santa Claus was also developed. Our Father Frost began to resemble the bourgeois Santa Claus only with a gray beard, fur clothes and a red bag with gifts. Otherwise, the Soviet Santa Claus does not look like a plump dwarf, he is a tall, mature hero. The fur coat of Santa Claus, unlike Santa Claus, goes down to the heels, is girdled not with a belt, but with a sash. On the head of Santa Claus is a hat with an even edge without any tassels and pompons. Hands - in huge mittens, and on the feet - either red boots or "patriotic" boots.
Yes, and he comes to Santa Claus not on deer, but on a Russian troika ... And not just one, but with a charming young lady - the Snow Maiden, who has no analogues in any country.
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During the Great Patriotic War(in 1941-1945) decorating the New Year tree was mandatory - it reminded the soldiers of a peaceful life, gave strength and hope for an early victory. At the same time, on the fronts, Christmas trees were decorated with figurines, which were made from shoulder straps, bandages, and socks. Factories also continued to produce Christmas toys, albeit in limited series. "Military" Christmas trees were decorated with "soldiers", "tanks", "Stalin's armored cars", "pistols", "medical dogs", and on New Year's greeting cards from the Second World War, Father Frost beat the Nazis ...
In the 1960s, "cobs of corn" and "sheaves of wheat" were hung on Christmas trees.
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Since nothing “monumental” has happened in the history of the Soviet Union since the Brezhnev era, there are significantly fewer themed toys. Christmas decorations gradually became more abstract. In addition, with the advent of fashion for minimalism and avant-garde, Christmas tree decorations have become simpler. The figurines became more and more rounded, and the paintings became simpler.
In a presentation for older children preschool age"History of Christmas tree decorations" collected material on the emergence and preservation in Russia of the tradition of creating Christmas tree decorations and decorating green beauties with them
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The history of Christmas tree decorations The history of Christmas tree decorations
New Year's beauty
The first Christmas trees in Russia appeared a very long time ago, but they were not decorated, but they began to do it a little later, repeating the European fashion. There were no Russian-made Christmas toys at that time, they were ordered in Europe. Even then, Christmas decorations were clearly divided into decorations for the wealthy and for those who are poorer. Buying a glass toy for a resident of Russia at that time was the same as buying a car for a modern Russian. Christmas balls were heavy, since they learned how to make thin glass only by the beginning of the 20th century
What kind of toys used to decorate the Christmas tree? glass cardboard
Cotton Porcelain
The first glass toys in Russia began to be made in Klin before the First World War. There, artel craftsmen blew glass products for pharmacies and other needs. But during the war years, captured Germans taught them to blow balls and beads. By the way, the Klin factory Yolochka, by the way, to this day remains the only factory in Russia that makes beads for Christmas trees.
In addition to glass, toys were made from cardboard. Toys glued from two halves of convex tinted cardboard and wonderful toys were obtained
There were also toys made of cotton wool wound on a wire frame: this is how the figures of children, angels, clowns, and sailors were decorated. Fake fruits made of papier-mâché and velvet were hung on the Christmas trees.
Christmas decorations reflected the history of our country. If there was a military time, then Christmas tree decorations were made by such soldiers - airplanes, various combat vehicles. Even military battles were painted on the balls
When peacetime came, the toys immediately turned into magical fakirs Fairy tale characters
In houses and Christmas trees In animals
Into the Stars In Fruits and Vegetables
And, of course, in a lot of colorful balls!
Christmas tree of your fathers and mothers, grandfathers and grandmothers
Now the Christmas tree is most often decorated with balls
And handmade toys
And Christmas trees are now unusual From balls
Christmas tree growing from the ceiling
Christmas tree all in lanterns
Christmas tree from ties Christmas tree from pencils
But the most beautiful Christmas tree, which is decorated with different toys!
Guys, love, store, appreciate and take care of toys! It's so wonderful when we are all surrounded by BEAUTY!
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The first decorated Christmas trees appeared a very long time ago - about 400 years ago in Germany. At first, Christmas decorations were only edible, but starting from the 17th century, more durable decorations began to be made: fir cones were gilded, empty eggshells were covered with a thin layer of chased brass. There were also paper flowers and skillful crafts made of cotton wool, Christmas fairies, graceful stars, butterflies and funny figurines of animals appeared from silver foil, and tinsel was made from twisted tin wires. At that time, lit candles were also considered fashionable decorations for the forest beauty, which were attached to the branches with a thin wire - alas, wax Christmas decorations, so beloved in those days, quickly melted from their heat.
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When did they start decorating the Christmas tree? Christmas balls? According to legend, one day there was a crop failure of apples, which were one of the main decorations on the Christmas tree. Then believers came to the glassblowers with a request to make glass apples for the holiday. Since then, balls have been considered a classic of Christmas tree decorations. It is authentically known that the first Christmas balls were made in 1848 in the town of Lauscha in Thuringia (Germany). They were made of transparent or colored glass, coated on the inside with a layer of lead, and on the outside they were decorated with sparkles.
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Gradually, the sale of Christmas decorations became profitable business, and in 1867 a gas factory was opened here, the artisans of which, using easily tuned gas burners with a flame of very high temperature, already blew large thin-walled balls. Soon they began to make glass figurines - birds, bunches of grapes in ceramic forms, jugs, even pipes that you could even blow! Women and children painted the products of the masters with gold and silver dust. But after a while, glass was replaced by figures made of cardboard; toys with gold and silver embossing and hand-painted were especially popular. Even later, wooden decorations found their place on the Christmas tree.
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In Russia, as you know, the custom of celebrating the New Year on the night of December 31 to January 1 was introduced by Tsar Peter the Great, and he also ordered that the spruce should become the main New Year tree. But only in 1817 did the custom come to dress her up, when for the royal holiday of the Nativity of Christ, a real green forest beauty was brought to the hall of the royal palace, on which gifts for the entire royal family and children easily fit at once. Gradually, the custom of decorating a Christmas tree for the winter holidays took root in the homes of rich people and those who are poorer. Over time, public Christmas trees began to be organized. The first public Christmas tree was arranged in 1852 in St. Petersburg. Almost all toys were imported to Russia from Germany. But there were also many handmade toys.
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Glass toys were the most expensive. In addition to glass, toys were made from cardboard. The "Dresden cardboard" was very popular - toys glued together from two halves of a convex painted cardboard. Beautiful dolls with paper faces glued to the “body” made of fabric, lace, beads, paper were also hung on Christmas trees. By the 20th century, faces began to be made convex, made of cardboard, and later porcelain. There were also toys made of cotton wool wound on a wire frame: this is how the figures of children, angels, clowns, and sailors were decorated. Fake fruits made of papier-mâché and velvet were hung on the Christmas trees.
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Christmas toys made of pressed cardboard.
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Then Russian handicraftsmen in small artels began to produce toys from cotton wool, fabric, papier-mâché, glass ...
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At the beginning of the 20th century, toys appeared on various topics. Soldiers, astronauts, heroes of cartoons and fairy tales, vegetables and fruits, and much more were produced.
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From glass tubes, craftsmen collected beads, stars on Christmas tree tops and other toys.
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Christmas decorations for a long time continued to be made from cotton wool, paper and fabric.
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Toys were hung by a thread, on a clothespin ...
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Sold in sets and retail.
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Ded Moroz and Snegurochka were placed under the Christmas tree
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Everywhere and always, for every nation and nationality, the New Year's garland is associated with the anticipation of the holiday. …New Year's garland makes the holiday bright! Shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow, these Christmas decorations create a unique romantic atmosphere on a dark New Year's Eve or, on the contrary, become part of a noisy festive feast, giving joy to both children and adults.
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Electric garlands became one of the main Christmas novelties (by the way, the first garlands appeared in the USA at the beginning of the 20th century and were so expensive that they were more often rented than bought. At first, such decoration was not at all harmless: garlands often caused a fire - lamp the glass became hot and the needles flared.Over time, they were made from durable glass using persistent dyes).
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electric garlands, previously a simple chain of light bulbs, today look much more aesthetically pleasing and more diverse. The original form of light bulbs, "dressed" in snowflakes, flowers, berries, make electric garlands one of the most sought-after attributes New Year's holiday, creating a festive mood in an instant.