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The presentation on the topic "Tolkien" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Literature. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 18 slide(s).
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Tolkien was Oxford Professor of Anglo-Saxon (1925-1945), of English language and literature (1945-1959). An orthodox Catholic, along with close friend C. S. Lewis, he was a member of the Inklings literary society. On March 28, 1972, Tolkien received the title of Commander of the Order of the British Empire from Queen Elizabeth II.
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After Tolkien's death, his son Christopher produced several works based on his father's notes and unpublished manuscripts, including The Silmarillion. This book, together with The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, constitutes a single collection of fairy tales, poems, stories, artificial languages and literary essays about the fictional world of Arda and its part of Middle-earth. In 1951-1955, Tolkien used the word "legendarium" to refer to most of this collection.
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John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on January 3, 1892 in Bloemfontein, Orange Free State (now the Free State, South Africa). His parents, Arthur Reuel Tolkien (1857-1895), an English bank manager, and Mabel Tolkien (Sufffield) (1870-1904), arrived in South Africa shortly before their son's birth in connection with Arthur's promotion. On February 17, 1894, Arthur and Mabel had a second son, Hilary Arthur Ruel.
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According to surviving information, most of Tolkien's paternal ancestors were artisans. The Tolkien family comes from Saxony (Germany), but since the 18th century the writer's ancestors settled in England, quickly becoming "native English". The surname "Tolkien" is an anglicisation of the nickname "Tollkiehn" (German: tollkühn, "recklessly brave"). Grandmother told little Tolkien that their family descended from the famous Hohenzollerns. Tolkien's mother's parents, John and Edith Suffield, lived in Birmingham, where they owned a large store in the city center from 1812.
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A plaque at Sairhole reads: 'Sairhole. Watermill from 1542. Used by Matthew Bolton in the middle of the 18th century. Remodeled in 1768. Served as an inspiration for J. R. R. Tolkien in 1896-1900. ”In early 1895, after the death of the father of the family, the Tolkien family returned to England. Left alone with two children, Mabel asks for help from relatives. The return home was difficult - Tolkien's mother's relatives did not approve of her marriage. After the death of his father from rheumatic fever, the family settled in Sarehole, near Birmingham. Mabel Tolkien was left alone with two small children in her arms and with a very modest income, which was just enough to live on. In an effort to find support in life, she immersed herself in religion, converted to Catholicism (this led to a final break with her Anglican relatives) and gave her children an appropriate education, as a result, Tolkien remained a deeply religious person all his life. Tolkien's strong religious beliefs played a significant role in C. Lewis's conversion to Christianity, although to Tolkien's dismay, Lewis preferred the Anglican faith to the Catholic one. Mabel also taught her son the basics of the Latin language, and also instilled a love of botany, and Tolkien liked to paint landscapes and trees from an early age. He read a lot, and from the very beginning he disliked "Treasure Island" and "Gammeln Pied Piper" by the Brothers Grimm, but he liked "Alice in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll, stories about Indians, fantasy works of George MacDonald and "The Fairy Book" by Andrew Lang . Tolkien's mother died of diabetes in 1904, at the age of 34, before her death, she entrusted the upbringing of children to Father Francis Morgan, a priest of the Birmingham church, a strong and extraordinary personality. It was Francis Morgan who developed Tolkien's interest in philology, for which he was later very grateful.
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Preschool children spend in nature. These two years were enough for Tolkien for all the descriptions of forests and fields in his works. In 1900, Tolkien entered King Edward's School, where he learned Old English and began to study others - Welsh, Old Norse, Finnish, Gothic. He showed early linguistic talent, after studying Old Welsh and Finnish, he began to develop "elvish" languages. Subsequently, he studied at the school of St. Philip (St. Philip's School) and Oxford College Exeter.
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In 1911, while studying at the school of King Edward Tolkien with three friends - Rob Gilson (eng. Rob Gilson), Geoffrey Smith (eng. Geoffrey Smith) and Christopher Wiseman (eng. Christopher Wiseman) - organized a semi-secret circle called the CHKBO - " Tea Club and Barrovian Society” (Eng. T.C.B.S., Tea Club and Barrovian Society). This name is due to the fact that friends loved tea, which was sold near the school in the supermarket Barrow (Eng. Barrow), as well as in school library although it was prohibited. Even after leaving school, members of the Cheka kept in touch, for example, they met in December 1914 at Wiseman's house in London.
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In the summer of 1911, Tolkien traveled to Switzerland, which he later mentions in a 1968 letter, noting that Bilbo Baggins' journey through the Misty Mountains was based on the journey Tolkien and his twelve companions made from Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen. In October of that year, he began his studies at Oxford University, Exeter College.
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In 1908 he met Edith Marie Brett, who had a great influence on his work. Falling in love prevented Tolkien from going to college right away, besides, Edith was a Protestant and three years older than him. Father Francis took John's word of honor that he would not meet with Edith until he was 21 years old - that is, until the age of majority, when Father Francis ceased to be his guardian. Tolkien fulfilled his promise by not writing a single line to Mary Edith until that age. They didn't even meet or talk. On the evening of the same day, when Tolkien turned 21, he wrote a letter to Edith, where he declared his love and offered his hand and heart. Edith replied that she had already agreed to marry another person, because she decided that Tolkien had long forgotten her. In the end, she returned the engagement ring to the groom and announced that she was marrying Tolkien. In addition, at his insistence, she converted to Catholicism. The engagement took place in Birmingham in January 1913, and the wedding took place on March 22, 1916 in the English city of Warwick, in the Catholic Church of St. Mary. Their union with Edith Brett proved to be a long and happy one. The couple lived together for 56 years and raised 3 sons: John Francis Reuel (1917), Michael Hilary Reuel (1920), Christopher Reuel (1924), and daughter Priscilla Mary Reuel (1929).
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John survived the bloody battle on the Somme, where two of his best friends from the Cheka (tea club) died, after which he hated war, fell ill with typhus, and after a long treatment was sent home with a disability. He devoted the following years to a scientific career: first teaching at the University of Leeds, in 1922 he received the position of professor of Anglo-Saxon language and literature at Oxford University, where he became one of the youngest professors (at 30 years old) and soon earned a reputation as one of the best philologists in the world. At the same time, he began to write the great cycle of myths and legends of Middle Earth (Middle Earth), which would later become the "Silmarillion". There were four children in his family, for them he first composed, narrated, and then recorded The Hobbit, which was later published in 1937 by Sir Stanley Unwin. The Hobbit was a success, and Unwin suggested Tolkien write a sequel, but work on the trilogy took a long time and the book was not finished until 1954, when Tolkien was about to retire. The trilogy was published and was a huge success, which surprised the author and publisher a lot (Anuin expected to lose significant money, but he personally liked the book very much, and he really wanted to publish his friend's work. The book was divided into 3 parts, so that after publication and sales of the first part, it became clear whether to print the rest).
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Slide text: Kiryutina Tatyana Vladimirovna, teacher of Russian language and literature. Municipal educational institution "Secondary comprehensive school No. 7, Kirov, Kaluga Region.
Slide text: John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on January 3, 1892 in South Africa. His parents arrived in South Africa shortly before their son was born. a family
Slide text: As a child, Tolkien was bitten by a tarantula, and this event later influenced his work. The sick boy was cared for by a doctor and is believed to have served as the prototype of Gandalf the Grey.
Slide text: In early 1895, after the death of his father from a fever, the Tolkien family returned to England. Mabel Tolkien was left alone with two small children in her arms and with a very modest income, which was just enough to live on. In an effort to find support in life, she immersed herself in religion, converted to Catholicism and gave her children an appropriate education, as a result, Tolkien remained a deeply religious person all his life. Robert and Hillary
Slide text: In 1915, Tolkien graduated with honors from the university and went to serve as a lieutenant in the Lancashire Rifles, soon John was called to the front and participated in the First World War. 1916
Slide text: At the same time, he began to write the great cycle of myths and legends of Middle-earth, which would later become The Silmarillion. There were four children in his family, for them he first composed the people of Middle-earth - the hare-people hobbits.
Slide text: Bilbo the Hobbit's Journey into the Fairy-Mythological Ends of Middle-earth was published for children under the title The Hobbit, or There and Back Again in 1937 and was a great success with readers of all ages.
Slide text: The Hobbit Bilbo, by pure chance, became the owner of the Ring of Power - the most powerful magical relic. Such a find is fraught with almost unlimited possibilities, but it is also the focus of mortal dangers. After all, many would like to get it. This is the main storyline of the story "The Hobbit, or There and Back Again", one of the most striking works of world literature.
Slide text: And a simple tale about a hobbit - a hunter of a dragon's treasure - became a story about a small discovery of a huge world inhabited by diverse and more or less humanoid creatures - elves, dwarves, trolls, orcs, as well as monsters - the embodiment of primordial evil
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Slide text: The book was such a great success that young readers started clamoring for "more hobbit books". After that, the writer took up writing a sequel. However A new book outgrew a children's fairy tale and resulted in a truly epic tale of the struggle between good and evil. It was the trilogy "The Lord of the Rings" - the central work of Tolkien. And for the rest of his life, Tolkien occupied himself with the mythology of his fantasy world.
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Slide text: Bag on the steeper
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Slide text: Lonely Mountain
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Slide text: Old Elm
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Slide text: Troll Hill
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Slide text: Conversation with Smaug
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Slide text: Halls of Manwe
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Slide text: In 2001-2002 Tolkien's novel "The Lord of the Rings" was successfully filmed, the film was awarded an Oscar.
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Slide text: The author of The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit, translated into all European and some Asian languages, Tolkien gained fame throughout the world; the rest of his works of art - several fairy tales, parables, essays, collections of poems and songs - are perceived as explanations and additions to the story about the hobbits.
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Slide text: Last photo Many authors have written works in the fantasy genre before him, however, due to his great popularity and strong influence on the genre, many call Tolkien the "father" of modern fantasy literature.
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Slide text: After the death of his wife in 1971. Tolkien returns to Oxford, but soon after a short but serious illness, he dies on September 2, 1973. All his works published after 1973, including The Silmarillion, were published by his son Christopher. Grave of Robert and Edith
BilboBeggins
- Born January 3, 1892 in the city of Bloemfontein, the capital of the South African Orange Republic, where his father, an enterprising Englishman, worked as a bank manager. However, the writer did not remember the place of his birth well. In 1895, Ronald, along with his mother and younger brother, went to visit their homeland.
- This is where the telegram about the death of his father came. The mother of the future writer had no reason to return to Africa, and she remained in England with virtually no means of subsistence, with two juvenile orphans in her arms. However, the woman decided to devote her life to children and took up their upbringing herself. She took care of both religious and secular education. Both brothers were perfectly prepared to study at the most prestigious school in Birmingham.
- After leaving school, John entered Oxford. Here he began to write poetry. At thirty-seven, he became a professor at Oxford University, an extremely rare occurrence.
- Tolkien had three sons and a daughter. He spent a lot of time with children. It was then that the hobbit appeared, a creature of small stature, with shaggy legs, living in a comfortable cave. Gradually, a small fairy tale grew into a huge work that tells about amazing events, fabulous places and fabulous creatures.
- Notebook, p. 15, task 1
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my job?
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John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (January 3, 1892 - September 2, 1973) - English writer, linguist, philologist, best known as the author of the story "The Hobbit, or There and Back Again", the trilogy "The Lord of the Rings" and their background - the novel "The Silmarillion" . Tolkien was Oxford Professor of Anglo-Saxon (1925-1945) and English Language and Literature (1945-1959). Catholic by religion, along with close friend C. S. Lewis, he was a member of the Inklings literary society. On March 28, 1972, Tolkien received the title of Commander of the Order of the British Empire from Queen Elizabeth II. About the author…
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The Lord of the Rings is a novel by the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien, the most famous work of the fantasy genre, a continuation of the book The Hobbit. The Lord of the Rings was written as a single book, but because of its length, it was divided into three parts when first published: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. In the form of a trilogy, it is published to this day, although often in a single paper book.
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Book covers: The Lord of the Rings (European version), The Silmarillion, The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings (Russian version).
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Creation story Initially, Tolkien did not intend to write a sequel to The Hobbit (the novel The Lord of the Rings is, in fact, such a sequel). However, on November 15, 1937, during a lunch with Stanley Unwin, owner of the publishing house that published The Hobbit, Tolkien received an invitation to submit other works for consideration. The publisher's reviewer rejected the Silmarillion, although he spoke positively of it. Encouraged by this, Tolkien began writing a sequel to The Hobbit, and already on December 16, 1937, in a letter to the publisher, he announced the first chapter of the new book. Tolkien's goal was to create an English epic. Tolkien was an Oxford philologist well acquainted with the medieval myths of northern Europe such as the Völsunga saga, Beowulf, and other Old Norse, Old English and medieval English texts. The Lord of the Rings was also inspired by other literary sources, such as the legends of the Arthurian cycle and the Karelian-Finnish epic Kalevala.
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The creation of an English epic was often discussed at Tolkien's meetings with the Inklings (a literary discussion group at Oxford University; Icelandic myths and his own unpublished writings were discussed at this group's weekly meetings). Tolkien agreed with one of the members of this group, Clive Lewis, that in the absence of an English epic, it was necessary to create it ourselves. Parallel to these discussions, in December 1937, Tolkien began the "new Hobbit". After a few failed attempts, the story began to take off, going from being a mere sequel to The Hobbit to becoming more of a sequel to the unpublished Silmarillion. The idea of the first chapter arose immediately in ready-made, although the reasons for the disappearance of Bilbo, the idea of the importance of the Ring of Omnipotence and the title of the novel became clear only by the spring of 1938. At first, Tolkien wanted to write another story in which Bilbo, having spent all his treasures, embarked on new adventures, but, remembering the ring and its power, he decided to write about it instead. At the beginning, the main character was Bilbo, but then the author decided that the story was too serious for such a comical and funny character. Tolkien considered sending Bilbo's son on a journey, but questions arose: where was his wife? How did Bilbo let his son go on such a dangerous journey? As a result, Tolkien decided to continue the tradition of ancient Greek legends, in which an artifact with magical powers is received by the protagonist's nephew. This is how the hobbit Frodo Baggins was born.
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Being a perfectionist, Tolkien wrote slowly. His literary work was often interrupted by academic duties, in particular, Tolkien had to examine students (even the first phrase of The Hobbit - English. "In a hole in the ground there lived a Hobbit" - was written on a blank page of the examination paper of one of the students) . For most of 1943, Tolkien did not work on the text, but resumed work in April 1944. Tolkien sent chapters from the novel to his son Christopher, who served in Africa in the British Air Force, and Clive Lewis. In 1948 the story was completed, but editing of the early parts of The Lord of the Rings continued until 1949.
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Fellowship Of The Ring The Hobbit Bilbo Baggins, main character story "The Hobbit", retires and leaves Frodo's nephew a magic ring that makes any of its wearer invisible. From the magician Gandalf, Frodo learns that he got not a simple ring, but the Ring of Omnipotence itself, the creation of the dark lord Sauron from the land of Mordor, created to subjugate all other magic rings. The Ring has its own will and is able to prolong the life of the owner, while enslaving him, distorting his thoughts and causing him to desire to possess the Ring. With the help of the Ring, Sauron, defeated many years ago, can be reborn and begin to threaten the peaceful peoples of Middle-earth again. With hobbit friends Sam, Merry and Pippin, Frodo travels to the home of the elves - Rivendell to get rid of a dangerous gift. Thanks to the help of the forest wizard Tom Bombadil, the heroes get to the Bree, where their guide is waiting for them - the ranger Aragorn, better known as the Wanderer. The hobbits are pursued by black riders, the Nazgûl, the ghostly servants of Sauron who can sense the Ring from a distance, and their leader severely wounds Frodo. With great difficulty and with the help of the elf Glorfindel, whom they met along the way, the heroes manage to reach Rivendell, where the elf lord Elrond heals the hobbit
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Representatives of different peoples and kingdoms come to Rivendell to discuss what to do with the Ring. Gandalf tells of the betrayal of his fellow Istari, the white mage Saruman, who desired the Ring for himself and entered into a secret alliance with Mordor. Aragorn turns out to be a descendant of the kings of Arnor and Gondor, whose dynasty, according to prophecy, should return to the throne. Boromir, son of the current ruler of Gondor, Denethor, offers to use the power of the Ring against the enemy. Gandalf convinces him that the Ring can only do evil and enslave the wearer's mind. The Council decides to destroy the Ring by throwing it into the mouth of the Fiery Mountain Orodruin in Mordor, where it was forged. Frodo is called to carry out this mission. Gandalf, Aragorn, Boromir, Gimli the dwarf and Legolas the elf, and three other hobbits are taken to accompany Frodo. Thus the Fellowship of the Ring is formed. After an unsuccessful attempt to cross the pass through the Misty Mountains, the heroes decide to go through the dungeons of Moria, the ancient realm of the Dwarves. The dungeons are captured by the evil orcs, as well as the ancient demon of Morgoth, awakened centuries ago by the dwarves, the Balrog. Having entered into a fight with the Balrog on the bridge, Gandalf, together with the enemy, falls into the abyss, leaving the detachment without a leader. The Fellowship finds refuge in Lothlórien, the forest realm of the elves. Frodo offers the Ring to the Elf Queen Galadriel, but she manages to overcome the temptation of the Ring's charms. The party sets out on their journey down the Anduin River. Boromir tries to convince Frodo and his companions to go to Gondor and try to use the Ring against the Enemy. The ring drives him mad for a moment and he attacks Frodo. At this moment, they are attacked by the orcs of Isengard, in the fight against which Boromir dies. The orcs take Merry and Pippin prisoner. Meanwhile, Frodo decides to continue alone so as not to endanger his friends anymore, but Sam manages to follow him. The Brotherhood is disintegrating, but their goal still remains.
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Two fortresses The remaining members of the Brotherhood are attacked by orcs, Boromir dies heroically in battle, and Merry and Pippin are captured by the enemies. The detachment of orcs who abducted the hobbits is mixed - part of the orcs came from the north (apparently from Moria) in order to take revenge on the Brotherhood, part serve Sauron, and part serve Saruman. They quarrel, deciding to which of the overlords to carry the captives. In a skirmish with the Riders of Rohan, the Orc force is exterminated, while Merry and Pippin manage to escape. In the forest they meet the Ent Treebeard, guardian of Fangorn Forest. The hobbits manage to persuade him and the other Ents to oppose Saruman, who is destroying the forest around his stronghold of Isengard and is preparing an attack on Rohan. Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas follow in the footsteps of the orcs. Having received unexpected help from Marshal Mark Eomer, they reach the edge of Fangorn and there they unexpectedly meet Gandalf. He says that he defeated the Balrog and, on the verge of death, received new powers and a mission from above - to replace Saruman in saving Middle-earth. His name is now Gandalf the White. The heroes go to the king of Rohan, Theoden. The king fell into apathy under the influence of Grima's adviser, Saruman's spy. Gandalf manages to convince Theoden to expel the traitor, gather troops and give Saruman a fight. The armies of Rohan and Isengard meet in the great Battle of Helm's Deep, where Saruman's supporters are initially close to victory, but reinforcements brought by Gandalf decide the outcome of the battle in favor of the Rohirrim. Meanwhile, the Ents, directed by Merry and Pippin, flood Isengard, destroying its entire garrison. Gandalf deprives the defeated Saruman of his magical powers.
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Meanwhile, Frodo and Sam make their way to Mordor. Gollum, a slippery creature who was the former owner of the Ring and went mad under its influence, becomes their unwitting guide. He calls the Ring "my charm" and dreams of owning it again. Frodo, having felt the evil power of the Ring, takes pity on Gollum and defends him from Sam's attacks. Gollum begins to suffer from a split personality: one part of him believes the good Frodo, the other wants to kill the hobbits and take possession of the Ring. After Frodo unwittingly betrayed Gollum to a detachment of Gondorian rangers, the second one wins: the guide leads the hobbits into a trap - the cave of the giant spider Shelob, the last brainchild of Ungoliant. Frodo falls victim to Shelob's poison, but Sam manages to defeat the creature. Deciding that his friend is dead, Sam continues his journey with the Ring alone, but suddenly Orcs from the guards of Mordor come to the place of the battle with Shelob and take possession of Frodo's body. From the overheard conversation of the orcs, Sam learns that Frodo is actually alive.
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The Return of the King Main article: The Return of the King Gandalf rides to Gondor to warn the inhabitants of Minas Tirith of the impending advance of the armies of Mordor. He finds the weak-willed Denethor, Steward of Gondor, in mourning for Boromir. After his youngest son, Faramir, was badly wounded, Denethor, in his madness, decided to commit self-immolation with his son's body. Gandalf, whom Pippin barely had time to warn, managed to pull out of the fire only Faramir. Gandalf takes charge of the city's defenses; at the same time, the long-awaited Rohan reinforcements approach the walls of Minas Tirith. Theoden's troops come to the rescue, the king himself dies in battle, but his niece Eowyn, along with Merry, kill the leader of the Nazgûl. Aragorn, having lifted the pirate blockade of southern Gondor and led his militia on captured pirate ships, completes the defeat of the orcs. Sam frees Frodo by taking advantage of yet another Orc feud. With the last of their strength, the hobbits reach Orodruin volcano. The exhausted Frodo finally falls under the power of the Ring and declares that he will not destroy it, but wants to be its Lord himself. Sam is powerless to stop his friend. Gollum attacks Frodo, bites off his finger and takes possession of the Ring, but inadvertently falls into the mouth of the volcano along with the "charm", thereby unwittingly destroying it. Sauron, who ruled the Orcs and Mordor, this time is forever disembodied, his strongholds are being destroyed, his troops are fleeing in fear. Giant eagles rescue Frodo and Sam from the slopes of the erupting Orodruin.
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Aragorn is proclaimed king of Gondor, Faramir healed by him transfers power to him and marries Eowyn. The four hobbits are celebrated as heroes. Upon returning home, they discover that their country has been captured by bandits led by Saruman. The heroes raise the people of the hobbits to revolt and drive out the invaders, Saruman dies at the hands of his own henchman Grima. Frodo returns to a peaceful life and describes his adventures in the Scarlet Book. Over the years, old wounds and longing take possession of him more and more often. Gandalf decides to take Frodo and Bilbo, the Ringbearers, to Valinor, the overseas land of the elves. The elves are leaving Middle-earth, wonders and magic are leaving with them. The age of mortals begins.
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Sources of inspiration The author's views In The Lord of the Rings, John Tolkien embodied his views on literature, expressed in his essay "On Fairy Tales". Thus, in his essay, Tolkien argues for the need for unexpected happy endings in fairy tales and fantasy, he considers them part of the "Escape" that this literature provides. Tolkien deliberately resorts to the deus ex machina technique (intervention from above that saves the heroes from death) when the eagles save Frodo and Sam, and when Gandalf is miraculously resurrected. (He compared such miracles in fairy tales with the gospel miracles, which cannot be explained). Tolkien gives the reader feelings of "consolation" (English consolation), "escape" (English escape) and light sadness, which he considers the key elements " fairy tale". Tolkien was deeply impressed by the First World War, as well as the industrialization of England, in his opinion, destroyed the England that he knew and loved. Therefore, the "Lord of the Rings" is characterized by passeism (longing for the past).
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The ancient British Arthurian epic had a significant influence on The Lord of the Rings. The image of Gandalf as a wise wizard and mentor corresponds almost exactly to the role of Merlin in the epics of Geoffroy of Monmouth and Thomas Malory. Aragorn - the heir to the royal throne, confirming his right with a magic sword received from the elves, healing by the laying on of hands - is very close to King Arthur. Some also see in him the image of Jesus Christ, as the heir to a withered dynasty, whose place is occupied by temporary workers and whose appearance is foretold in prophecy. Among other parallels, Galadriel is noted - a reference to the Lady of the Lake, and the final with the protagonist's departure to Valinor - an analogue of Avalon. Tolkien himself, when compared to Sir Thomas Malory, replied: "Too much honor for me." The novel also has a number of parallels with German-Scandinavian mythology. In particular, the appearance of the good magician Gandalf (a gray beard, a wide-brimmed hat and a cloak) is similar to the appearance of the Scandinavian god Odin in his incarnation as a cultural hero and god-giver. The negative hypostasis of Odin - the "sower of discord" - is represented in the novel by the image of the evil magician Saruman. And one of the nicknames of Odin in his negative incarnation - Grima ("Hidden") - is worn by a secret servant of Saruman.
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