Ideas of rational proposals in production. Rationalization activity in OAO "Russian Railways". Employee training is an important factor in the success of projects

What could be rationalization proposals?

What is expressed from the effectiveness?

How to choose a formula for calculating economic efficiency?

It is possible to reduce the cost of production by optimizing the costs of the enterprise. One of the methods to improve the efficiency of an industrial enterprise is the rational use of resources and the reduction of waste and losses during the production process. In order to motivate employees to look for options to reduce waste, enterprises develop and implement provisions on rationalization.

The economic efficiency of rationalization activities at the enterprise is expressed in increasing output, improving product quality, reducing losses from manufacturing defects and waste, reducing the production cycle, saving material and energy resources, reducing product costs, increasing labor productivity and facilitating it. When calculating real savings from the implementation of proposals, only those cost items for the production of products that really change as a result of the implementation of this proposal are taken into account. All costs associated with the implementation of the proposal are deducted from the savings.

In order to motivate employees to search for such solutions, it is necessary to develop and implement a provision on rationalization at the enterprise.

Rationalization proposal- this is a proposal of a production and technical nature that directly improves the production process through more efficient use of equipment, materials or labor of workers, but does not significantly change the design or technological processes of production.

It is necessary to distinguish rationalization proposals in the field of organizing production from rationalization proposals in the field of organizing enterprise management, economy, etc.

In the first case, the author of the adopted rationalization proposal receives a remuneration, the amount of which, as a rule, depends on the amount of annual savings received from the application of the proposal; in the second - a bonus in the amount established by the head of the enterprise or institution.

In the second case, it is only necessary to evaluate whether the proposal is rationalization or not. And in the first, economists must calculate the economic effect of the rationalization proposal.

The choice of formula for calculating the economic effect depends on the type of rationalization proposal.

Enterprise economists most often calculate the economic effect of the first type of technical solutions using the formula:

E \u003d (Z 1 - 3 2) × A 2 \u003d [(C 1 - C 2) - E × (K 2 - K 1)] × A 2, (1)

where E is the annual economic effect, rub.;

З 1 , 3 2 - the reduced costs of a unit of production (work) produced before and after the implementation of the rationalization proposal;

C 1 , C 2 - the cost of a unit of production (work) for changing cost items before and after the start of using the invention or rationalization proposal;

E is the coefficient of reduction of capital investments;

K 1 , K 2 - specific capital investments in production assets before and after the start of using the rationalization proposal, in rubles;

A 2 - the annual volume of production (work) with the help of rationalization proposals, in natural units.

Consider the procedure for calculating the economic effect on the example of rationalization proposals for reducing industrial waste.

In this direction, there are 2 types of rationalization proposals:

to reduce recyclable waste and its rational use;
on the use of non-returnable waste.

We are interested in a rationalization proposal to reduce the cost of production as a result of the reduction of returnable waste and their more rational use. In this case, the economic effect is the difference in the cost of the main product, during the production of which waste was generated, for those cost items that are affected by the rationalization proposal. This takes into account the prices established for the sale of waste.

And since returnable waste is minus, the cost of the main product can be calculated using the formula:

C o \u003d N m × (C m + R t) - O m × C o, (2)

where WITH o - the cost of a unit of main products, rub.;

N m - consumption of the main material, raw materials per unit of production;

Р t - transport and procurement costs for the delivery of a unit of material, raw materials to the enterprise, rub.;

C m - wholesale price per unit of material, raw materials, rub.;

About m - waste material, raw materials per unit of production;

P o - the price for the sale of a unit of waste, rub.

Substitute formula 2 into formula 1:

E \u003d [(N m1 × (C m1 + R t1) - O m1 × C o1 - N m2 × (C m2 + R t2) + O m2 × C o2) - E × (K 2 - K 1)] × A 2. (3)

If P t1 \u003d R t2, C m1 \u003d C m2, C o1 \u003d C o2, etc., the formula for calculating the economic effect will look like this:

E \u003d [(C m1 + R t1) × (N m1 - N m2) - C o1 × (O m1 - O m2) - E × (K 2 - K 1)] × A 2. (four)

In order to calculate the economic effect of the rationalization proposal on the use of non-returnable waste instead of high-grade materials for the production of products, the cost of manufacturing products from high-grade materials is compared with the cost of manufacturing products from non-returnable waste. In this case, only changing cost items are taken into account.

In this case, formula 4 can be used. Provided that O m1 \u003d O m2, the formula will take the form:

E \u003d [(C m1 + R t1) × (N m1 - N m2) - E × (K 2 - K 1)] × A 2. (5)

Table 1

Calculation of the economic effect of a rationalization proposal that changes production waste

No. p / p	Indicators	unit of measurement	Before use	After use
	Output
	unit cost
	Including
	consumption of basic material per unit of production
	wholesale price of material for 1 kg
	transportation and procurement costs per 1 kg
	waste per unit of production
	unit price of waste
	Economical effect		58 800,00

R. V. Kazantsev,
financial director of LLC UK "Teplodar"

So, it all starts easy. An improvement proposal (the so-called PPU) can be submitted on a form (applications are available from direct supervisors, you can print it yourself from the system) or through the internal portal of ChMP JSC (MIS PPU). Members of small groups (MG) can not even draw up on paper. It is enough to discuss the idea at the general meeting of the MG, and the leader of the MG will help the PPU to register it. STO-158, which regulates the submission of PRP, states that the manager must help the employee formulate the PRP.

After registering the PSP in the system, it is assigned a category, and a person responsible for implementation is appointed.

1 category is assigned to proposals that help improve working conditions (WP). These include proposals to improve existing work processes, incl. more rational placement of equipment, improvement of the state of workplaces, refinement of office algorithms. The payment for them is 300 rubles. Introduced in 2015, the automatic PSP submission system (PSP MIS) not only registers all PSPs, but also enters the PSP authors into the remuneration payout sheet, which is automatically sent immediately after the “Registered” status changes to “Accepted for implementation”. The decision on this is made by the working group. It is she who determines the expediency, significance of the PSP and those responsible for carrying out the activities. The statuses "Registered" to "Accepted for testing" or "Implementation" are also automatically changed by the system.

The arithmetic is simple: 10 PPU per month for 300 rubles. = 3000 rubles - a good increase in salary.

Co. 2 categories include proposals for organizational and technical improvement (OT). The payment for them is 700 rubles. These include ideas for organizing a new process (production, office - for example, with a change in planning, financing, information systems, etc.) or technical solutions (obtained by design, programming, calculation or experiment) that do not create savings or allow you to get economic effect up to 50 thousand rubles.

Category 3 - the most significant proposals - rationalization (RP). New and useful organizational or technical solutions that allow you to get an economic effect for 1 year of use of more than 50 thousand rubles. After consideration of such at the scientific and technical council of the enterprise (NTS) and the decision to “implement”, 1 thousand rubles are paid.

If the economic effect of PPU is more than 50 thousand rubles, then the remuneration is calculated depending on the economic effect of its use. It will be considered after the PPU is implemented. Those. remuneration is paid on the fact. This is explained simply - the planned costs were one, and the actual costs of equipment or repair of the premises, for example, will be different. For the NTS, in order to transfer to the category with an economic effect, a certificate from an economist will be enough that the PPU will help the company save, for example, more than 4 thousand rubles.

Sometimes you don't have to wait a year to pay. For example, in 2016, Sergey Gorbushin, an engineer for the provision of railway transport for workshop 11, proposed using serviceable wheelsets of decommissioned (by service life) cars for the repair of railway tanks in operation. Thanks to this, ChMP saved 1.49 million rubles. The effect was calculated immediately and confirmed by the act. The remuneration amounted to 72 thousand rubles, the co-author received 22 thousand rubles. (No. 182-311-2016-RP). The amount of remuneration is divided among all authors depending on the distribution of remuneration, which they determined when submitting the proposal. The ISU system automatically calculates authorship as well.

By the way, remuneration is paid not only to those who submit PAPs, but also to those who actively help to implement them.

In 2016, for example, more than 7 million rubles were paid to participants in the process of filing and implementing PSP. Of these, 6.25 million rubles. paid as a premium for PPU accepted for implementation, about 880 thousand rubles. - authors of rationalization proposals for using their ideas. More than 260 thousand rubles. received by employees actively helping to implement rationalization proposals.

If all implementation activities are completed, the status "Accepted for implementation" changes to "Implemented" - the last step in the implementation of the PRP.

PPU of the first group, as a rule, are implemented promptly. Difficulties begin at the stage of introducing PPU of other categories. A recent engagement survey showed that the implementation of the PRP, which involves procurement procedures (due to the duration of their implementation), as well as proposals for changes in the SAP office systems, UOSDO, supported by Greenatom CJSC, is of particular difficulty.

All information on PSP (category, activities responsible for implementation, amended documents, start date of using the proposal) is entered into the system by the R&D officer. If there are any disputable questions about entering information into the system, you should contact the Commissioner for IR.

WHAT IS PPU?

This is a proposal aimed at improving performance. Useful and new solution.

It is useful if, during implementation, an economic, technical or other effect can be obtained, i.e. higher score than before.

The new is, first of all, an initiative proposal, i.e. one that is not imputed by functional duties and is not determined by the order of the head, which was not the result of the execution of plans and orders, which is not provided for by the mandatory regulatory documents of the enterprise or a higher organization.

Suggestions for improvements include:

for more efficient organization of the workplace or improvement of the work process (industrial and office environment),
technical solutions: to change the design of products, the technology used, to refine programs, production technology, material composition;
organizational solutions to save labor and other resources.

PSPs cannot be recognized as proposals aimed at correcting errors and inconsistencies, or only setting a goal, indicating a problem or an effect that can be obtained, without a specific solution or way to achieve it.

Similar proposals are not improvements either. For example, a laboratory assistant offers a container improved by him for the safe and secure transfer of analyzes from room A to room B. This is an improvement for which the employee will be paid. But if it is proposed to use the same container for carrying other tests, or if it is a different route (from room B to room C), then this proposal is not an improvement followed by a bonus, because its essence repeats the PPU, for which the premium has already been paid.

Prepared for printing by Natalia Pleteneva, infographics - Alisa Korobeynikova

This article is devoted to a very important and integral part of the activity of any enterprise - rationalization. What exactly is its importance, and how to create your rationalization proposal?

Rationalization (rationalization activities at the enterprise) is the process of improving the means and methods of production in order to increase its efficiency. It includes the improvement of engineering, technology, labor organization, production and management.

The main thing in the article, if there is no time to read:

money is paid for innovation proposals
rationalization proposals must be unique within the same enterprise - it can be exchanged with colleagues
you can submit rationalization proposals to the enterprise without being an employee through the community of innovators and inventors

if there is an economic effect, payments can be significant

The principle of rationalization - in a simple sense, is needed in order to improve the functioning of the elements in the space around us, to optimize the level of their interaction. Most often, rationalization in production involves the search for more economical solutions that will allow you to get the desired result with less labor and resources. In practice, this is achieved by improvements in several areas. For example, the improvement of labor means and technical processes is the modernization and technical re-equipment of the equipment used in order to ensure positive trends in the development of the company. For the same purpose, the results of labor are being improved, but in definitely different ways - by expanding the range of services provided, improving the consumer properties of manufactured products, and so on. And improvements in relation to labor processes (rationalization of labor) provide for a more favorable working environment by eliminating factors that lead to stressful situations in the work team, material incentives for each individual employee, and increasing the interest of formed personnel in the growth of the status of the enterprise.

Companies need rational ideas, employees have ideas - for mutual benefit, it remains to organize the connection between these links. Rationalization activity, as part of innovation, is regulated at the state level.

TNLA regulating rationalization activity. The procedure for recognition of rationalization proposals

Russian Federation

Organizational conditions for the development of rationalization are determined by the Decision of Rospatent and the Ministry of Industry of Russia dated June 25, 1996 N 6/7 “On Methodological Recommendations for the Organization and Conduct of Rationalization Work at Enterprises of the Russian Federation”. In accordance with this Decision, a technical, organizational or managerial proposal that is new and useful for a given enterprise can be recognized as an rationalization proposal.

In Russia, the process of recognizing a proposal as rationalization is carried out by sending by the author and subsequent consideration of an application drawn up in the form: Download the application form. Technical, organizational and management proposals must be drawn up in a separate order from each other. Proposals are also registered in the journal, regardless of whether a positive decision was made to accept them. When considering an application, the enterprise performs a detailed analysis of it according to the criteria of a technical solution, novelty and usefulness, and, in full compliance with the requirements of the enterprise, available resources, the amount of incentive payments to the author is assigned. Recognition of the rationalization proposal and the start of its application is accompanied by the issuance of a certificate to the author (co-authors) no later than a month later. Russian legislation also provides for bonus payments to persons who facilitated the use of this offer. Payments to the author are made as follows:

up to a month after the proposal was recognized as rationalization (25% of the minimum wage);
up to 2 months after the lapse of 1 year from the date of introduction into production or after the end of the application of the rationalization proposal (if the operation lasted less than a year, the rest of the remuneration is paid);
up to 2 months after the end of the 2nd year of application of the rationalization proposal, an additional payment is made if the volume of its application has increased compared to the previous year.

The remuneration is not lower than 50% of the minimum salary established in the Russian Federation for proposals with technical solutions and 25% for organizational and managerial ones. Its maximum dimensions are not limited.

Ukraine

Art. 481-484 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, a rationalization proposal is considered to be a proposal approved by a legal entity, including any solution (improvement) regarding the organization of the process in any field of activity.

In Ukraine, the number of transactions on intellectual property rights has recently grown significantly, and, in fact, such a legal object as a rationalization proposal has begun a “new life”. At the same time, not only the process, but also a component of the company's tangible property can act as the object of the rationalization proposal. An introductory table with a detailed description of the criteria according to which a proposal can be classified as a rationalization proposal is displayed below:

The subjects of IP right to rationalization proposal, based on the provisions of Art. 483 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, its author and the legal entity to whom it is addressed act. The author is, in turn, an individual who made efforts to create an offer, or a group of persons (co-authors) who jointly participated in the project. The rights of ownership of the rationalization proposal are distributed among the co-authors on the basis of mutual agreement and upon the fact of making a personal creative contribution to its development (excluding technical, organizational or material assistance, as well as facilitating the conclusion of an agreement with the company).

In Art. 484 of the Civil Code of Ukraine states that a legal entity that recognized the proposal as rationalization has unlimited rights to use it. In addition, such acts differ from inventions or patents, plant varieties and other intellectual property certificates in that the law does not prohibit everyone, except the author himself, from allowing their use. In general, the property rights of the author in this case come down to one thing - to receive remuneration for 2 years since the rationalization proposal was integrated into the activities of the enterprise. The funds are paid by the legal entity that has become the subject of the agreement.

Without recognition, the proposal will not become rationalization, and in order to be recognized, in addition to the above aspects, it will need to be properly formalized. In general The recognition procedure involves the following:

submission by the author of the proposal of a written application in the form N IB-5, which must contain all the necessary information, such as a description, drawings, diagrams, sketches and everything that is directly related to its use in the enterprise;
putting forward the requirement of sufficiency for implementation to the documentation submitted by the author (according to Article 482 of the Civil Code of Ukraine);
registration of the proposal in the company and consideration during the 1st month of the decision on, in fact, recognition or non-recognition of it as rationalization.

As a result of recognition, the company provides the author with a special certificate, on the basis of which he will receive remuneration subsequently. This certificate contains information about:

the name and (if any) company name of the company that issued the certificate;
the name of the rationalization proposal;
surnames of the author (surnames of co-authors from “A” to “Z”);
date of acceptance of the proposal;
the date of its recognition;
registration number of the proposal for the magazine.

The certificate is secured by the signature of the manager of the company and the seal.

Temporary act N 479/92 establishes the norms for the amount of remuneration, determined in the terms of the contract between the author and the company, with minimum limits of:

10% of the company's annual income from the implemented rationalization proposal (the exact calculation is made according to Methodological recommendations N 80);
2% of that part of the cost of production (including works and services) that falls on the rationalization proposal that does not spread a positive impact on income.

Payment of remuneration is carried out with the frequency specified in the contract, however, no later than 3 months that have passed since the end of each year of application of the rationalization proposal in the organization.

Republic of Belarus

Decree of the Council of Ministers of 17.02.2010 No. 209 “On Approval of the Regulations on Rationalization in the Republic of Belarus”

In Belarus, a written application must comply with the given form.

Each of the decisions, whether technical or organizational, is also drawn up separately. The application and the materials attached to it must contain the signatures of all co-authors and the dates of creation. After the application is registered, the author still has the right to make adjustments to it until a decision is made on its recognition / rejection, but the very essence of the proposal cannot be redefined. For all corrections and additions, separate sheets with dates and signatures are created. The certificate of acceptance of the proposal is transmitted to the author (each of the co-authors) within 30 days. The co-authors distribute the remuneration among themselves, based on the percentage specified in their written agreement. The amount of payments is determined by the situation at the enterprise, for proposals without economic effect it is at least 2 basic units, and with an economic effect - up to 10% of the effect.

Kazakhstan

Applications for an alleged invention are drawn up in accordance with the “Instruction on the preparation of applications for an invention (EZ-1-74)”, with no less strict regulations on the constituent elements and nature of documents. The application must contain information about the full name of the author and co-authors, their job responsibilities, education, year of birth. The document contains all data about the proposal, such as its description, decision on acceptance / rejection, changes in the technical documentation, calculated data on annual savings after the implementation of the proposal and the author's agreement on the mutual distribution of funds. In general, the author is required to calculate, analyze and state what the technical advantage of his solution is in comparison with those already used and justify the expected economic effect from its implementation, as well as evaluate the possible scope of application of this solution. That is, the registration procedure is essentially similar to the previously described.

At enterprises, rationalization is regulated by the Regulations on Inventive and Rationalization Activities and may include the following sections:

Planning and analysis of inventive and rationalization activities. It sounds fantastic how it is possible to plan such an activity. Often the output of planning is dry numbers, and how to do it is completely incomprehensible. After all, it is impossible to plan ideas. In fact, everything is very simple - it is necessary to conduct a survey, identify the most pressing problems in areas of activity and set tasks for their solution. This is called “thematic planning” - for more details, see the link http://rzd-expo.ru/
Reporting and document flow on inventive and rationalization activities. This is what creative people most dislike. A rationalization idea would be to automate the entire process from Excel and Google Sheets to integration into your CRM or internal website, but they may not be counted if this is part of your job responsibilities, or such an item is already planned for work by a higher manager.
Stimulation of innovative activity. Payouts for ideas and % of the economic effect. If the idea is too profitable for the employer, the maximum amounts of lump-sum payments or per year are indicated.

How to submit a rationalization proposal without being an employee of the enterprise?

It often happens that it is more visible from the side. For example, near my house in a grocery store, terminals for paying by card are installed in front of the checkout. This is really inconvenient and delays the queue. Until I pay with the card, the next buyer can not lay out the goods. My appeals to the store manager did not give any result - she is not motivated to change, rather the opposite. If the terminal site was discovered, she would be reprimanded for not seeing it right away. How to be in that case? Turn to the higher management, who is also not very interested in the problems of a small store of a huge network. It is not reasonable for me and myself to turn to an even higher leadership on such a petty issue. And I do not want to conflict and something to prove. You can contact the society of inventors and innovators and benefit from such an offer.

All-Russian Society of Inventors and Innovators http://www.ros-voir.ru/
The Society of Inventors and Innovators of Ukraine seems to have ceased its activities in 2006. It is possible that they still operate in regional and city councils.
Belarusian Society of Inventors and Innovators http://belgospatent.by
The Kazakhstan Society of Discoverers, Inventors and Innovators exists formally

So in the article the main issues related to the relevance, procedures for registration, recognition and benefit from the rationalization proposal were considered. The team of madcash.pro authors sincerely hopes that it will be of benefit to readers, becoming one of the keys to success in concluding another profitable deal.

Ideas for rationalization proposals

The main criteria for recognizing a proposal as rationalization will be:

novelty of the technical solution (within the enterprise)
economical effect
organizational decisions
labor protection and industrial safety

In practice, it all depends on the company where you work, and on the management. It is difficult to find new technical solutions at a large enterprise - everything is already known and planned (but nothing has been done). Organizational decisions are also not recognized - these are obvious mistakes of your leadership. In a small business, using spreadsheets and LED lights can be a big hit. If there is no development of innovation, conduct a survey among employees and colleagues: “name 3 things that hinder your work most of all.” The more data you have for analysis, the easier it will be to identify the main problems that need to be addressed. Well, then you need to successfully solve the problem with the help of improvised means.

Main directions:

special devices not produced by the industry. Various grippers, maintenance platforms, special lifting devices
saving electricity and other resources
automation of workflow and databases. The output must be a document in the prescribed form
development of training stands and software systems
the use of modern chips and components in obsolete equipment

And what about their innovative ideas?

Abroad, all innovations among employees are encouraged by bonuses and bonuses without paperwork and planning. Modern developments can be seen in IT companies. For example, everyone for a reasonable idea is entitled to a mug or other souvenir with the company logo. Large companies are happy to use voluntary ideas from consumers in production. This is called crowdsourcing.

Railway transport has always been distinguished by the mass participation of workers and engineers in technical creativity and the good organization of rationalization activities. It is gratifying to note that these trends persist and develop in spite of everything. I am confident that our innovators and inventors will continue to make a significant contribution to solving the problems facing the company. ( Senior Vice-President of Russian Railways Gapanovich V.A. at the conference "Technical creativity - the first step towards innovation" within the framework of the event "The idea of Russian Railways - 2013")

On the importance of rationalization activities

The railway complex is of particular strategic importance for Russia. It is the connecting link of a single economic system, ensures the stable operation of industrial enterprises, the timely delivery of vital goods to the most remote corners of the country, and is also the most affordable transport for millions of citizens.

In order to fulfill our obligations in a high-quality and timely manner in today's dynamic world, our company needs constant development and an influx of new ideas. Significant investments are made each year to improve fuel efficiency, minimize energy costs, reduce operating costs and reduce environmental impact. An important addition to such investments is the massive participation of a wide range of company employees in technical creativity - rationalization activities.

As you know, the term "rationalization" comes from the Latin word "rationalis" - reasonable, "ratio" - mind and means improvement, the introduction of a more expedient organization of something. In general, rationalization (rationalization activity) is designed to stimulate the creative efforts of workers to improve already known technical solutions, modernize existing equipment and adapt it to specific production and operating conditions.

The rationalization proposal is the result of human creative activity and the most massive object of technical creativity. The identification and correct execution of rationalization proposals allows not only to ensure priority, moral and material encouragement of the authors, but also indicates a good organization of the company's work, the establishment of a creative atmosphere in its structural divisions, which is necessary to improve the operation of equipment, the quality of repairs, working conditions, reduce laboriousness, etc.

On rationalization activities in Russian Railways

JSC "Russian Railways" became one of the first companies in modern Russia that developed the Regulation on rationalization activities, which establishes uniform methodological approaches to the implementation of rationalization activities in the company, the organization and development of mass technical creativity of employees, as well as regulating relations arising in connection with the development and use rationalization proposals.

The Company's management pays great attention to the organization and implementation of rationalization activities. In the journal "Railway Transport" published dedicated to this issue.

To date, over thirty thousand employees actively involved in the development of the company offer about forty thousand rationalization proposals annually.

The main goals of rationalization activities at Russian Railways are:

· activation and further development of mass technical creativity of employees of Russian Railways, as one of the most important conditions for the scientific, technical and innovative development of the company;

· ensuring legal and legal protection of rationalization and inventive activity;

· increasing the interest of employees of Russian Railways in the results of their work through moral and material incentives for technical creativity.

Organization of rationalization activities in Russian Railways

Regulation of rationalization activities in Russian Railways

The main documents regulating rationalization activities at Russian Railways JSC are the Regulations on rationalization activities at Russian Railways JSC and the Procedure for Considering, Using, Determining the Efficiency of the Rationalization Proposal and Determining the Remuneration and Bonuses for Assistance to the Authors of the Rationalization Proposal, approved by the Decree dated March 03, 2014 N 552r as amended by the order of Russian Railways dated December 10, 2014 No. 2911r.

About the rationalization proposal

The rationalization proposal in accordance with the Regulations on rationalization activities in Russian Railways, approved by order No. 552r dated March 3, 2014, as amended by Russian Railways order No. 2911r dated December 10, 2014, is recognized as a technical and technological solution that is new and useful for JSC " Russian Railways, which slightly changes the design of equipment, the technology used and the composition of the material.

The offer is recognized as new if, prior to the submission of the application in the prescribed form, this or an identical decision:

was not submitted to the Structural Subdivision, that is, it is not known as a recognized rationalization or rejected proposal;

was not used in this Structural Unit, except when this solution was used at the initiative of the author for no more than 3 months prior to the application;

was not the result of research, development and technological work, design work performed for the Structural Unit;

was not provided for by the administrative documents (orders or instructions of the administration) binding on the Structural Unit, was not developed by the employees of this Structural Unit, or was not declared by another person who has an earlier priority, which is determined by the date of registration in the Structural Unit;

was not recommended by a higher division of Russian Railways or published in information publications to disseminate best practices in this industry, incl. recorded in the form of an information card in the ACS NTI and the DB of the Scientific and Technical Information Center of the Center for Scientific and Technical Information and Libraries;

was not provided for by the standards (standards, technical conditions, etc.) binding on a subdivision of Russian Railways.

The proposal is considered useful if it allows the Structural Unit to obtain an economic, technical or other positive effect, for example, improving traffic safety, improving working conditions.

The essence of the rationalization proposal can be expressed in the features of the constructive implementation of objects, in the mutual arrangement of parts and nodes of objects; in changing the sequence and order of performing the methods of the production cycle, introducing new operations and excluding operations, conditions and modes of their implementation, changing the quantitative ratio of components, introducing or excluding other ingredients that make up the materials.

Inventions, rationalization proposals, utility models are of great importance in the process of improving the technologies used. All of them act as objects of technical creativity. However, the most massive of them are rationalization proposals. In an enterprise striving for the most effective achievement of its goals, they are far from the last importance. Let's look at this category in more detail.

Positive points

Thanks to the rationalization proposal, an existing technical solution can be improved, the equipment used can be modernized and adapted to certain production conditions. In addition, with the help of such implementations, it becomes possible to eliminate certain errors of designers or designers. According to data given in specialized publications, rationalization proposals have recently provided about 70% of the total savings in the Russian economic system.

Definition

In the previous provision, the rationalization proposal was a technical solution that was useful and new for the production, institution or organization to which it was directed. It involved a change in technology, the design of products or equipment, and the composition of the material. In addition, certain types of decisions were cited that belonged to the category under consideration.

According to this provision, the rationalization proposal had such features as usefulness, novelty and technical solution. In current recommendations, the definition is given in a slightly modified form. In particular, a rationalization proposal is a managerial, organizational or technical solution that is recognized as useful and new for a given structure. It can be seen from the definition that only the first part of it has changed. Thus, the rationalization proposal has ceased to be limited exclusively to the field of technical methods for solving urgent practical problems.

Characteristic

First of all, it should be noted that the proposal, which is made as a rationalization proposal, should not simply set some task. Through it, it is necessary to reveal specific ways to solve the problem. A situation should be created in which, thanks to the rationalization proposal, it would be possible to obtain the expected result with maximum efficiency and with the least losses. New solutions will not be recognized as useful either, only stating some need, limited to indicating the expediency of carrying out this or that event or the positive result that can be achieved with its implementation, and so on.

Rationalization proposals, examples of which will be given below, include a principled answer. The decision should be so specific that there is no need to make any guesses or assumptions. The proposal reveals the essence of the author's idea, and its execution does not require additional creative improvements. This condition will be considered fulfilled if the decision and the materials explaining it contain enough information for the practical implementation of the plan through known design (construction) methods.

Ways to do it

Ensuring the solution of the problem can be carried out with the help of managerial, organizational, technical means or their combination. Among the proposals of a technical orientation, those that relate to constructive changes in products, production technologies, equipment used or composition of the material predominate. Such solutions are focused on improvement and modernization. It does not exclude the recognition as a rationalization proposal and such a project, which provides for the introduction of new technology or equipment. Management and organizational decisions contribute to obtaining an effective result through the implementation of appropriate activities or management optimization.

What could be rationalization proposals?

Various examples can be given. So, the decision may relate to the arrangement of labor resources, workflow. A rationalization proposal may be made on the repair of equipment, changes in the work schedule, and so on. The solution can also have an organizational and technical orientation, combining different elements. So, thanks to the rationalization proposal, it is possible to achieve an improvement in the condition of places for workers, optimal placement of equipment, effective separation or combination of production operations, and so on.

Novelty

This is the second essential feature of a useful solution. A rationalization proposal, unlike inventions, is subject to the requirement of local novelty. This means that this attribute must be present within those companies to which decisions are sent. A proposal will be considered new if, prior to its submission, the enterprise did not know about it to the extent that would be sufficient for its implementation.

Championship

Novelty is determined in accordance with a specific time period. Regarding rationalization proposals, the concept of primacy is used. It is determined by the date of receipt of a correctly executed application for the implementation of the project. Superiority will be recognized for the author who did it first in accordance with the established procedure. The proposal may be opposed only by such information that reveals the essence of a given or identical project, which became known before the specified date of the championship.

Information fund

The rationalization proposal includes:

Authorship

It must be borne in mind that a useful and new proposal must be the result of the creative activity of the person submitting it. Often, in special publications, it is proposed to consider this feature as an independent criterion for the "protectability" of a solution. However, according to a number of experts, this is not particularly necessary due to the fact that all intellectual property, which is recognized as copyright, should have a creative direction.

Thus, it is initially believed that all objects of this kind, including a rationalization proposal, act as a result of the creative activity of the creators themselves and are not borrowed from open sources. Of course, the latter should be obvious. Refusal to recognize the proposal as rationalization based on the establishment of borrowing, therefore, is allowed only if this fact is proven or not disputed directly by the applicant himself.