23. Feed mixing. Types of feed mixers used in animal husbandry.
The final operation in the preparation of feed mixtures is the mixing of components in special devices - batch or continuous mixers.
From a zootechnical point of view, it is important not only to introduce the components provided for by the diet in the required ratio into the composition of the feed mixture, but it is also necessary that all of them be evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the mixture. The homogeneity of the mixture ensures the same nutritional value of the feed in all parts of its volume. The use of mixtures that are heterogeneous in composition for feeding animals significantly reduces their productive effect. It is especially important to distribute in the mass of the feed mixture components that are introduced in small quantities and have a high nutritional value or biological activity: compound feed, BVD, premixes, vitamins, microelements, drugs, etc.
Uniformity is of great importance, since the daily ration, and especially the one-time feeding of animals, in particular birds, is very small.
In some cases, it amounts to several tens of grams. And this small amount of feed should contain all the substances provided for in the diet of compound feed, BVD, premixes, etc.
The uniform distribution of the components is ensured by their mixing.
Purpose of mixing- the transformation of a certain list of components into a feed mixture with certain properties. In other words, mixing is a set of processes of directed formation of systems homogeneous in composition, density and physical and mechanical properties from a set of required components.
Sometimes the mixing operation is combined with the main or additional grinding of the components. In particular, hammer mills have a good mixing effect, and this property is successfully used in the production of animal feed. When preparing wet feed mixtures, grinders-mixers with knife working bodies are used.
Depending on the type and method of keeping animals or birds, the type of feeding adopted, as well as the availability of feed on the farm, feed mixtures are prepared in different consistencies:
Dry (mixed feed and feed mixtures) - humidity W=13 - 15%;
Wet loose - W=45 - 70%;
Liquid (fluid) W=75 - 85%.
All these mixtures are obtained by mechanical mixing until a homogeneous mass. Therefore, the quality of mixing is determined by the degree of homogeneity of the mixture. Its minimum is set by zootechnical requirements:
For pigs - 85%;
For poultry - 90%;
For cattle - 80% (with the introduction of urea - 90%);
Compound feed of own production - 90 - 95%.
Mixing of the feed mass is sometimes carried out to redistribute moisture, heat and dissolve some additives.
Mixers used in animal husbandry are very diverse. This is due to the need to prepare feed mixtures with different physical and mechanical properties of the components: particle size distribution, density, particle shape, moisture content, consistency, etc. Feed mixing is often accompanied by thermal processes and additional grinding.
The currently used mixers for the preparation of feed mixtures can be classified as follows (Fig. 1.52):
According to the humidity (physical state) of the prepared mixture - mixers for loose, wet and liquid feed;
By the nature of the ongoing mixing process - batch and continuous mixers;
According to the method of influence on the mixture - mixers are gravitational, centrifugal, with mechanical action of the working bodies;
By design - mixers with mixing devices, with high-speed rotors, vibrating;
By the totality of the operations performed - mixers, mixers-steamers, mixers-grinders, mixers-distributors, mixers-grinders-distributors of feed.
Mixer types. By the nature of the process, batch (batch) and continuous mixers are distinguished. Depending on the type of feed being mixed, mixers can be designed for the preparation of dry loose (mixed feed), loose wet and liquid (consistent) feed. According to the organization of the working process, all mixers are divided into two large groups: with a rotating chamber and with a fixed chamber (or transporting). In feed preparation, mixers with a rotating chamber are not widely used.
Fig.1. 52. Classification of mixers used in feed preparation
The second group includes agitators. According to the design of the working bodies (mixers), mixers are used: for bulk feed - screw, paddle and belt; for liquid - turbine, propeller and bladed; for loose wet (stalk) feed - auger and paddle (Fig. 1.53).
Rice. 1.53. Types of agitators (according to S.V. Melnikov): 1 , 2 , 3 – screw; 4 , 5 – bladed; 6 , 7 , 8 – tape; 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 – turbine; 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 – propeller
For the preparation of compound feed on farms, screw mixers are mainly used - vertical, horizontal, inclined or planetary.
For the preparation of wet feed mixtures from stalk feed and root crops, until recently, mainly low-speed, horizontal single- or twin-shaft paddle mixers of batch action were used.
The use of whole milk substitutes for calves is associated with the need to prepare liquid feed mixtures in the form of emulsions. The use of liquid feeding in pig production requires the preparation of suspensions. The preparation of fodder yeast is associated with aeration of the biomass to saturate the liquid phase with oxygen.
Liquid components are mixed, as a rule, mechanically in apparatuses with agitators. But in some cases, pump circulation or pneumatic mixing (bubbling) is used. For the mechanical method, low-speed paddle mixers or high-speed ones are used - turbine and propeller. Paddle mixers are used for mixing high-viscosity liquids in small volumes, propeller - for low-viscosity liquids. Turbine mixers allow a wide range of viscosities.
Mixers for loose wet food. For the preparation of wet feed mixtures from stalk feed and root crops, one- or two-shaft batch mixers are used. The industry produces twin-shaft unified mixers of several standard sizes, coordinated with each other according to the technological scheme and main design parameters. The C-12 mixer is the basic model. The number after the letter in the brand of the mixer indicates the useful capacity of the body (m 3).
For small pig farms and individual farms, single-shaft mixers ZS-F-1, ZS-F-2, SKO-F-3 and SKO-F-6 are produced, designed for steaming and preparing feed mixtures from concentrated and green fodder, as well as food waste (use low pressure steam up to 0.07 MPa).
Along with this, the industry produces digesters-mixers VK-1 and VKS-ZM. They have thermal insulation and are distinguished by a higher degree of sealing, which makes it possible to cook cereals and soups for young animals (VK-1) in them and sterilize food waste (VKS-ZM).
The digester-mixer VKS-ZM has a single-shaft paddle mixer and is designed to work with live steam.
Mixer S-12 Designed for the preparation of raw and steamed feed mixtures. It is available in two versions: 1) for use in production lines of feed shops of the KCS type without start-up protection equipment (it is included in the construction part of the feed shop); 2) with a complete set of start-up protection equipment for use in other types of feed shops
The mixer consists of a body 1 (Fig. 1.57), steam distributor 2 with taps, two paddle mixers 3, unloading auger 4, unloading mouth 5 , covers 7 and control systems 6 valve and turning on the auger. Agitators and auger are driven by a drive 8 .
The body of the mixer, together with the frame and two transverse brackets, is the base unit on which all mechanisms are installed, and at the same time a container for preparing feed. Three pipes are welded between the end walls of the housing, which serve to supply water and solutions.
Two paddle mixers are installed inside the housing. Each consists of a shaft with 8 blades and bearing blocks mounted on the end walls of the housing. The blades are mounted on a shaft along a helical line at an angle of 45° and are fastened with stepladders. The blades of the right agitator, when viewed from the drive side, mix and direct the feed towards the drive station, and the blades of the left agitator - towards the discharge mouth, which ensures good mixing of the feed.
Rice. 1.57. Mixer S-12: 1 - frame; 2 - steam distributor; 3 - paddle mixer; 4 - unloading auger; 5 – unloading mouth with a wedge valve; 6 - control system; 7 - lid; 8 -drive unit
In the lower part of the mixer there is a screw with a diameter of 320 mm and a pitch of 250 mm, which feeds the mixed mass to the discharge pipe.
From above, the C-12 case is hermetically sealed with lids. One of them has a hatch with a sliding gate valve and traction, and the other has an inspection hatch. A limit switch is installed on the side of the lid on the bracket, which turns off the mixer mechanism when the lid is opened.
The system for supplying steam to the mixer consists of a manifold with a pressure gauge and two distribution pipes, which are each connected to the steam pipes with five sleeve valves. The steam supply is controlled by a switch. To prevent feed from entering the distribution pipes, the taps must be closed after the end of steaming.
The feed to be steamed is fed into the mixer first. Crushed roughage is loaded with simultaneous moistening. The mixers are turned on no later than when 1/3 of the technological volume is filled and continue loading. At the same time, the filling factor of the mixer tank should not exceed 0.6 ... 0.7 for thick mixtures with the inclusion of straw and 0.8 - for feed with a moisture content of more than 70% . Then the manhole covers are tightly closed, the valve on the steam pipeline and the coupling valves on the distribution pipes are opened. The pressure of the supplied steam and the temperature of the mixture are controlled by a pressure gauge and a thermometer. On average, the steaming time in the C-12 mixer is 1 - 3 hours. At the end of steaming, it is necessary to close the coupling taps and valves on the steam pipeline and hold the food for boiling for 40 - 60 minutes. After that, water is added to cool the feed and other components are loaded. When preparing feed mixtures without steaming, all components included in the mixture can be fed simultaneously. The feed is mixed for 10 minutes, and when enriched with urea and other chemical solutions - 15 minutes.
Mixers-grinders for loose wet food. The feed grinder-mixer ISK-10 (Fig. 1.58) is designed for grinding and mixing feed. The machine consists of a knife rotor 5 , reception I, working II and unloading III chambers located one above the other, bunker 11 , unloading conveyor, shear packs, toothed decks 3 , electric motor 7 and V-belt transmission 9 equipped with a tension roller. For the introduction of liquid additives into the processed mass, two nozzles are provided 4 at the receiving and unloading chambers. The receiving and working chambers are connected by hinged mounts. There are six windows in the walls of the working chamber, in which packs of counter-cutting knives and toothed decks are installed. Windows are covered from the outside with shrouds 12 .
On the working body-rotor there are tiers of chopper knives, which also act as mixers, and hammers. In the lower part of the rotor, located in the unloading chamber, there is a two-bladed thrower. Knives and hammers are placed in the grooves between the flanges mounted on the slots of the rotor head with the help of special bolts and pins.
Shear knife stack assembled on the shaft 14 , hinged on the base 13 bolted to the body of the working chamber. The base and the shaft bracket are connected by a spring, under the influence of which the counter-cutting knives enter the working chamber through the slots in the plate and are held in the working position by it. When foreign inclusions enter the chamber, the hinged-spring fastening of the countercutters allows them to deviate without breakage and pass solid objects.
Rice. 1.58. Chopper-mixer ISK-10: 1 - frame; 2 - thrower; 3 - toothed deck; 4 - nozzle; 5 - rotor; 6 - counter-cutting knife; 7 – electric motor; 8 - gate; 9 – V-belt drive; 10 - tension roller; 11 – unloading conveyor bunker; 12 - casing; 13 - base; 14 - shaft; I- receiving chamber; II– grinding and mixing chamber; III- unloading chamber
During the operation of the chopper-mixer, feed is loaded into the chamber 1 and fall into the zone of interaction of knives 6 upper tier with rotor cutting elements 5 , where they are partially crushed. Then the feed particles are entrained on a smooth section of the inner surface of the chamber and, under the action of gravity, move downward in a spiral. On the way of their movement, feed particles meet toothed decks 3 , and their speed decreases.
The knives of the next tier, being longer, carry out additional grinding and further advancement of feed particles. Due to this, one part of the crushed feed acquires a speed greater than the other, which contributes to the penetration of some feed particles into the mass of others and their effective mixing. When entering a smooth section of the inner surface of the chamber, the crushed feed particles again move down, meeting on their way the jagged edges of the knives 3 and the cutting elements 4 of the lower tier, interacting with each other. In this place, the final grinding of feed particles along the fibers takes place.
In the process of grinding, the cutting elements constantly oscillate under the action of the cutting force, turning on the shaft 14 , automatically selecting the optimal cutting angles and ensuring uniform wear of the cutting parts of the chopper-mixer. When hit by the camera 1 solid foreign objects cutting elements 6 deviate by a large amount, going beyond the inner surface of the chamber, provide free passage of solid objects, preventing breakage of the cutting parts and their jamming,
Preliminarily crushed components are fed into the machine for mixing, and before that, diametrically located plates with countercuts are removed and decks are installed. If it is necessary to regrind the components of the mixture, three packs of countercutters and three toothed decks are left in place, alternating them in the windows of the working chamber.
When grinding one type of feed or several components to be crushed and mixed, all six packages of countercutters are installed in the windows.
The productivity of a mixing machine can reach up to 25 t/h, for mixing with partial regrinding - up to 15 t/h, for chopping, for example, straw - up to 3-4 t/h with a cutting length of up to 30 mm and 4- 8 t/h for cutting length up to 50 mm.
The degree of grinding is regulated by changing the number of knives on the rotor, the number of countercuts and the time spent by the product in the working chamber (using an annular gate mounted above the thrower).
The machine provides mixing of silage, straw, root crops and feed with a degree of uniformity of 80-90%; installed engine power 39.2 kW; rotor speed 17s -1 ; machine dimensions 1600 x 1090 x 1150 mm; weight with unloading conveyor 2200 kg. The grinder-mixer is served by one worker.
Mobile mixers-grinders-feeders. Widespread in the USA, Canada, Western Europe. When using such dispensers, the preparation of roughage and succulent feed should be provided in the storage areas of the forage area or during the preparation period in the field.
The technological process of preparing the feed mixture is carried out as follows.
The mixer feeder drives up to the shed, where it is fed with a loader of pre-shredded roughage. The next point of the route is the root-tuber storage. Here, pre-washed and chopped root crops are loaded into the feeder by a conveyor. Silage, haylage, concentrates, molasses, etc. are loaded in a similar way. During transportation to the farm premises, the components are thoroughly mixed and crushed. The result is a homogeneous mass, which is then evenly distributed along the feeders.
Distributors-mixers according to the type of working bodies are divided into screw, blade and drum. Until recently, distributors with horizontal augers have been most widely used.
Recently, mobile mixer grinders with a vertical cone-shaped auger located in the center of a cone-shaped hopper (Fig. 1.59) have become widespread abroad and in Russia. The auger is equipped with knives mounted on its coils. Such a working body provides loosening of roughage in rolls and large bales, grinding of long stems, uniform mixing of all components with a moisture content of 20-60%.
The advantages of these machines are also: simplicity of design (there is only one rotating vertical auger); the possibility of loading the bunker from all sides; great adaptability to the processing of roughage. However, compared to mixer-distributors with horizontal augers, they consume 30-40% more energy, and require a gate height for moving at least 2.3-2.7 m, and a feed passage width of at least 2.4 m.
The time for grinding and mixing the feed mixture is 10-15 minutes. It is aggregated with tractors of class 14kN. Served by a tractor driver.
Mixers for bulk feed. Represented mainly by bladed and auger working bodies.
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Elizarov Roman
If the homestead is not large, then a homemade mixer can be used to mix feed.
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Feed mixer Prepared by Elizarov Roman 11th grade student A teacher of physics Grebenyuk L.I.
Feed Mixer A machine for mechanically mixing feed components to the required homogeneity. According to their purpose, S. k. are distinguished for dry and wet feeds, according to the principle of operation - continuous and intermittent action, according to the design of the working body - bladed, screw, drum, etc. with a horizontal and vertical arrangement of the shaft.
Variability By purpose, feed mixers are distinguished for dry and wet feed; According to the principle of operation - continuous and intermittent action, According to the design of the working body - screw (screw), bladed, drum, propeller, etc., with a horizontal and vertical shaft arrangement.
Progress
Appearance of the mixer
Work on the product is laborious, but I liked it. The idea itself seemed interesting to me, I wanted to see the results of my work in action. My device has been tested in the household. During the work, I consolidated the skills of working with a drill and Bosch.
Literature Physics textbook Grade 8 A.V. Peryshkin Technology Textbook Grade 10-11 http://www.mastercity.ru/showthread.php?t=129656 http://www.belagrosbit..ru/article_info.php?articles_id=49
Thank you for your attention
Combined feeds are used on an ongoing basis not only for growing meat crosses, but also egg ones, so there are many different types and variations of such mixtures. This allows you to create a complete menu for chickens in both large and small farms. Next, we will talk about the types and composition of compound feed, about consumption rates and the main components, and also outline the preparation for feeding.
Useful properties of compound feed for chickens
Compound feeds are used everywhere for feeding chickens, not only because they allow you not to think about the preparation of various products, but also because they are balanced, saturated with all the necessary vitamins and mineral elements. Complete feed for chickens contains proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the amount in which they are needed by the bird. This allows you to increase the weight gain, as well as improve the quality of the products obtained. 
There is also a vitamin and mineral component, which allows you to keep the bird on this type of feed all year round without any fear. In the cold season, such food is indispensable. The benefit of compound feed is that even in minimal doses it is able to satisfy all the needs of chickens. The problem with the storage area is also being solved, since you do not need to store root crops, grain, silage and various concentrated additives, but rather buy mixed fodder.
Did you know? In the 1980s, an American company suggested using chicken glasses with red lenses. Such a device was supposed to reduce aggressiveness, as well as prevent cannibalism among birds, since red light has a calming effect on chickens. Unfortunately, after applying the know-how, the laying hens quickly lost their sight, which is why the glasses had to be abandoned.
Types of feed
Various types of combined feeds are presented on the agricultural market, which are distinguished not only by types of poultry, but also by age and direction. Below are the most popular options.
PC-0
A rather rare variant of compound feed, which is intended for broiler chickens aged 1–14 days. The mixture is saturated with vitamins, minerals, trace elements, beneficial bacteria. 
Compound:
- wheat;
- corn;
- sunflower meal;
- limestone flour;
- fish meal;
- vegetable oil;
- antioxidant;
- salt;
- enzymes;
- vitamin and mineral premix;
- betaine hydrochloride.
Important! The composition of the starter feed includes sodium lasalocide in a prophylactic dosage (to avoid coccidiosis).
This composition is used for feeding laying hens who are 1 year old. Complete compound feed, which is rich in vitamins and various minerals, and also has a high nutritional value. 
Compound:
- soy cake;
- sunflower meal;
- limestone flour;
- salt;
Used for feeding chicks at the age of 1-8 weeks. PC-2 is saturated with all the necessary minerals and vitamins, and medicines are also added in a preventive dosage. 
Compound:
- wheat;
- corn;
- sunflower meal;
- fish meal;
- sunflower oil;
- salt;
- L-lysine monochlorohydrate;
- methionine;
PC-3
This variation is introduced into the diet immediately after PC-2, i.e. from week 9. The food is made in the form of small grains, so the bird quickly eats it without any problems. You can give this compound feed to a bird up to 17 weeks of life inclusive. In addition to vitamins and minerals, probiotics are added to the feed, as well as substances that improve food digestion. 
Compound:
- wheat;
- corn;
- soy cake;
- limestone flour;
- salt;
- vitamin and mineral supplement.
Unique compound feed PK-7
Used for feeding roosters and hens of egg crosses at the age of 18-22 weeks. It is very difficult to find this variation, it is often produced only to order, so it is not possible to state the composition.
The composition of feed for chickens
Mostly compound feed for birds consists of the following components:
- corn;
- wheat;
- barley;
- meal;
- salt;
- shell rock.
Norms of consumption of compound feed for chickens and laying hens
Each owner should know these norms, since overfeeding the bird leads to obesity, which negatively affects egg production and meat quality.
1–3 weeks of life
One chicken needs from 10 to 26 g of feed per day. In just three weeks, each individual consumes up to 400 g.
4–8 weeks
The daily norm is 31-51 g, and in total for the specified period, each chicken eats about 1.3 kg of combined feed. 
9–16 weeks
One individual requires 51–71 g per day, and in total up to 3.5 kg of feed is consumed over the period.
17–20 weeks
During the pre-laying period, consumption per day is 72-93 g, and in total during this period the chicken eats 2.2 kg.
21–27 weeks
The average daily rate is 100–110 g. For the entire period, each individual consumes 5.7 kg of feed.
28–45 weeks
The norm slightly increases and amounts to 110–120 g. In total, the chicken eats 15 kg of combined feed during the period.
46–65 weeks
The norm is fixed at around 120 g per day. Consumption per individual for the period - 17 kg. 
Note that the indicated dosages correspond to feeds that are intended for certain periods of life (PC-2, PC-3). If you use homemade feed, then you need to set the norms by experiment.
How to make compound feed with your own hands
Consider the manufacture of compound feed at home. Let's outline the options for egg and meat crosses.
Recipe #1
This option is suitable for adult egg chickens.
Composition and grams:
- corn - 0.5 kg;
- wheat - 150 g;
- barley - 100 g;
- sunflower meal - 100 g;
- fish meal or meat and bone meal - 150 g;
- yeast - 50 g;
- peas - 40 g;
- vitamin and mineral premix - 15 g;
- salt - 3 g.
Video: how to make feed at home
Recipe #2
An alternative option in which the lion's share falls on corn. Used for feeding adult laying hens.
Composition and grams:
- crushed corn - 0.5 kg;
- crushed barley - 0.1 kg;
- chopped wheat - 0.15 kg;
- meal - 0.1 kg;
- fishmeal - 0.14 kg;
- herbal flour - 50 g;
- peas - 40 g;
- fodder yeast - 50 g;
- premix - 15 g;
- salt - 3 g.
Recipe #3
Finishing compound feed for broiler breeds of hens. Not to be used for feeding egg crosses.
Composition and grams:
- corn flour - 0.5 kg;
- cake - 0.17 kg;
- ground wheat - 0.12 kg;
- meat and bone meal - 0.12 kg;
- fodder yeast - 60 g;
- premix - 15 g;
- herbal flour - 12 g;
- salt - 3 g.
Video: do-it-yourself compound feed
How to increase feed intake
The palatability and digestibility of feeds depend not only on the composition, but also on the physical form, as well as preliminary preparation, so it is important not only to mix the necessary ingredients, but also to properly serve them. Compound feeds have a small fraction, not because it is easier to pack them in bags of various sizes. The fraction corresponds to the age of the bird, as well as the characteristics of individual feeds. 
For example, wheat is not ground to the state of flour, because upon contact with the mucous membrane it turns into a sticky lump, which is not only difficult to push through the esophagus, but also to digest. Each component of compound feed has similar features, therefore, the digestibility of the same composition, but of a different fraction, may be different. There are also other ways to prepare the formula for feeding, which involve improving the taste, as well as increasing the availability of individual nutrients.
Biological methods
Biological preparation of feed is needed in order to improve the taste of food. In parallel, the enzymatic breakdown of carbohydrates, which are practically not digested in the body of chickens, is carried out to elements that can be assimilated. This preparation allows you to significantly increase the digestibility of the feed without changing its composition.
Yeast
The simplest is the safe method, which will be described below. Take 20 g of baker's yeast, then dissolve it in a small amount of water. Then pour 1.5 liters of warm water (+40–50 °C) into a bucket or large bowl and add diluted yeast. After that, pour 1 kg of combined feed into the container, mix thoroughly. 
Move the container to a warm place for 7-9 hours, after which the product is ready to be fed to chickens. Note that the feed is not stored after fermentation, so cook in quantities that the bird can eat at one time. In the process of yeasting, the feed is saturated with B vitamins, and its nutritional value increases.
Important! It is impossible to replace baker's yeast with fodder.
Malting
It is used to improve the palatability of food, since during this process some of the starch is converted into sugar, resulting in a mixture that becomes sweetish. Only the grain component of the feed is malted, therefore, it makes no sense to lay a complete feed with a premix and meat and bone meal, otherwise most of the vitamins and minerals will evaporate under the influence of high temperature.
Grain shit is poured into the container, after which boiling water is poured (+ 90–95 ° С). For each kilogram of grain mixture, 1.5–2 liters of water are taken. After steaming, the container must be closed and sent to a warm place for 3-4 hours. The temperature inside the container must not fall below +55 °C, otherwise the malting process will stop. To speed up the process, you can add 1-2 g of malt per kilogram of the mixture.
In fact, this process can be compared to cabbage sourdough. The mowed grass is laid in a silage pit, after which lactic acid bacteria take over the work, which create an acidic environment, preserving the greens. The following herbs are laid on the silage: alfalfa, oat greens, clover, soybean, aerial part of peas. Root vegetables such as potatoes and carrots may also be added. 
1 kg of high-quality silage contains 10–30 g of easily digestible protein, as well as about 5% carotene. There is also a large proportion of vitamin C and organic acids. Such a product is not only nutritious, but also useful. It improves the functioning of the digestive system, and also prevents the development of putrefactive processes.
Physical and mechanical methods
Mechanical methods of preparation do not affect the availability of substances in the feed, but they significantly simplify and speed up the digestion process, as a result of which the bird's body spends less energy on feed processing. Thus, the nutritional value is increased without any changes at the chemical level.
Grinding
The grains of cereal plants are covered with a protective shell, which does not allow quick access to nutrients. If the grain is fed whole, then the gastrointestinal tract of the chicken spends a large amount of energy breaking down the shell. It is for this reason that all grains undergo a grinding process that significantly improves and speeds up the absorption of nutrients. 
The degree of grinding depends on the specific type of grain, as well as on the age of the bird. The harder the feed, the smaller the fraction should be in order for the splitting to take place quickly enough.
Granulation
Allows you to get not only convenient, small-sized fractions that do not stain the container or feeder, but also a complete set of all nutrients that simultaneously enter the bird's body. In the case of loose feed, chickens have the opportunity to choose what they like best, so any granular feed is a priori more useful than loose feed. 
Since the feed is heat treated during granulation, it becomes more accessible to the digestive tract. At the same time, some useful vitamins and minerals are lost.
Mixing
The simplest operation, which still affects the indigestibility of the feed. The fact is that the chicken must immediately consume all the components of the feed, so they must be thoroughly mixed, and also have a similar fraction. If the composition is poorly mixed, then some individuals will receive a double dose of the premix, while others will not receive it at all, which will affect weight gain and egg production. Was this article helpful?
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World and domestic experience shows that it is profitable to feed animals, in particular pigs, with liquid compound feed. This allows you to increase the weight gain of animals up to 30% and consistently receive almost a kilogram daily weight gain on the same feed.
Forage harvester (KPK)
We produce bulky units for the preparation of dry mixed fodder costing about 3.15 thousand dollars and inconvenient to use batch mixers of mixed fodder with water - about twice as expensive. At the request of pork producers, I developed a simple and cheap forage harvester(CPC) of continuous action, which simultaneously crushes the three components of the feed and mixes them with water.
Unit device
Created it on the basis of a well-established innovative vertically reversible grain crusher. The new unit has a bunker for bulk materials \/=60l, divided by partitions into three sections (photo 1), the height and volume of which can be increased. The ratio between the components is regulated by the original mechanism installed at the outlet of the bunker (photo 2).
The dispenser of ingredients is common, which makes it possible to obtain a given mixture in various crusher loading modes. Water is supplied to the crushing chamber near the input of the feed components (photo 3), the supply of which is regulated by a crane. Water can be pre-enriched with soluble additives and heated. To prevent sticking and ensure further movement of liquid feed into the crushing chamber, water must be supplied twice as much as bulk materials.
Technical indicators
With an e / e power of 5.5 kW and a sieve with holes d 5 mm from a dry mixture of barley, corn and peas (5:3:2), the productivity of obtaining fine turf * reaches 900 kg / h, and with water - about 2700 kg /hour. On the unit, you can also get a smaller turd, similar to semolina, if you install a sieve with d 3 mm, but at the same time, the performance will be halved. The uniformity of mixing reaches 96% with a regulated residue on a sieve with d 3 mm no more than 5%. With a single-phase motor with a power of 1.5 kW, the productivity of the installation is reduced to 700 kg / h, but instead of an industrial network of 380 V, you can use a household network of 220 V. By turning off the water, this unit can produce dry mixed fodder and tear from certain types of grain. Unit weight - 70 kg, dimensions - 80x80x150 cm, which allows transporting it by car when the tripod is removed.
Advantages of the installation
In the developed innovative CPC, the most dimensional and expensive unit, the hopper mixer, as well as containers with mechanisms for mixing with water, are excluded from the technological process. In addition, the mixing speed has been greatly increased. All this reduces resource costs several times. Fattening pigs with fine turd without energy-intensive steaming of grain contributes to a much better assimilation of the product. Purchased protein-vitamin supplements and premixes can be included in the mixture by loading them into one of the sections of the hopper.
Finally, the harvester costs 10 times cheaper than domestic analogues and 100 times cheaper than foreign ones!
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to machines for preparing dry feed mixtures, and can be used in animal husbandry on small farms. The feed mixer includes an inclined housing with an auger, loading and unloading devices, and an electric drive. The mixer has a divider installed on the inner surface of the front wall of the mixer hopper above the auger. The separator has a cross section in the form of a wedge with an obtuse angle and with a width less than the internal width of the mixer hopper, forming vertical gaps with the side walls of the mixer hopper. The use of the invention will improve the quality of mixing feed mixtures. 1 ill.
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to machines for preparing dry feed mixtures on small farms.
Known screw mixers designed for the preparation of feed mixtures, see USSR patent No. 1465016, MKI A23N 17/00, containing a housing with a screw and loading and unloading devices.
The disadvantage of such devices when used in small and medium-sized farms is that they operate in a continuous (continuous) mode and place high demands on the uniformity of the supply of loaded components, which is difficult to ensure in small complexes.
The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is a mixer according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1166784, class. A23N 17/00, containing an inclined body with a tilt adjustment mechanism and a multi-thread screw with breaks in the turns, as well as a loading hopper and an unloading pipe.
The disadvantages of the mixer are:
High requirements for the uniformity of the supply of the loaded ingredients of the feed mixture;
Complicated multi-thread screw with coil breaks;
Deviation from the recipe for the preparation of the feed mixture when the supply of at least one of the components fails;
Extremely low adaptability of in-line mixers to the addition of microadditives (vitamins, microelements, etc.) to the feed mixture.
The technical solution of the problem is to increase the homogeneity of the prepared feed mixture with low requirements for devices supplying the mixture components.
The problem is solved by the fact that the feed mixer, containing an inclined body, an auger, a drive, a loading and unloading device, has a separator installed on the front inclined wall of the mixer bin above the auger with a cross section in the form of a wedge with an obtuse angle and with a width less than the internal width of the bin mixer, forming a vertical gap on the sides for a slight reverse spillage of the mixed components.
The novelty of the proposed proposal lies in the fact that this structural element (separator) delimits the mixing area of the feed mixture components (bunker) and the loading device and at the same time passes a small part of the prepared feed into the loading device for complete mixing of various microadditives.
The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the device of the proposed feed mixer.
The feed mixer consists of an inclined housing (bunker) 1, loading 2 and unloading 3 devices, a separator 4, a single-thread auger 5 with a reverse winding section 6, an electric motor 7 and a reduction gear 8. The separator 4 is installed on the front inclined wall of the hopper 1 from the inside, moreover, its width is less than the internal width of the mixer hopper, and the lower edge of the separator is installed almost close to the screw, thus, vertical gaps are formed on the sides of the separator for partial spillage of the mixed components. Also, a distinctive feature of the separator is its cross section, which is a wedge with an obtuse angle.
Feed mixer works as follows.
In the boot device 2 with the drive of the screw 5 turned on, the ingredients are poured one by one or immediately. The components for mixing are moved upwards by the auger 5 and fill the hopper 1, while the unloading device 3 is closed. During the operation of the mixer, a small part of the components spills out of the hopper through the vertical gaps formed by the separator 4 and the inner surfaces of the side walls of the hopper 1, back into the loading device 2, is captured by the screw 5 and again fed into the hopper 1. Thus, the microadditives introduced do not remain in the loading device (in the gap between the auger 5 and the bottom of the hopper 1), but are completely fed into the working area of the mixer, which allows you to prepare high-quality feed mixtures with minimal deviation from the recipe and the highest possible uniformity due to the intensive mixing process at the interface between the hopper and the loading mouth. After loading the last component of the feed mixture, the loading device 2 is closed, and the final mixing takes place within 12-15 minutes. To unload the finished mixture with the screw drive 5 on, the unloading device 3 is opened.
From the practice of using mixers, it is known that a “stagnant” zone is formed between the working bodies of the mixer and its inner surface, especially at the corners of the housing (or at the ends). Separator 4 allows the main components of the mixture to spill into the zone of adding additives due to its cross-section in the form of a wedge with an obtuse angle of 140...150° between its side surfaces, and thus, separator 4 contributes to the complete advancement of additives into the main mixing zone , which is extremely important when using modern drugs - vitamins, antibiotics, BMVD - with a dose of 0.05%. The remainder of these additives in the zone of their loading causes a deviation from the recipe (ratio of components) of the prepared feed mixture. The heterogeneity of the feed mixture can cause a number of reasons that lead to an uneven supply of the remainder of the additives from the loading area (for example, vibration or shock), while the use of this design of the mixer with a separator completely eliminates the stagnation of additives in the loading area and, as a result, improves the uniformity of the prepared feed mixture and excludes deviations from its recipe.
Thus, the positive effect of the proposed feed mixer is manifested in increasing the uniformity of the prepared feed mixture with minimal requirements for feeders and the possibility of manually applying various additives.
Feed mixer, including an inclined hopper with an auger, a loading and unloading device, a drive, characterized in that it has a separator mounted on the front inclined wall of the hopper on the inside of the mixer hopper above the auger, with a cross section in the form of a wedge with an obtuse angle and with a width less than internal width of the mixer hopper, forming a vertical gap on the sides for partial back spilling of the mixed components.