Undoubtedly, the advent of technology in agricultural processes greatly simplifies many activities. The use of machines saves time and sometimes money. Modern industry produces various fertilizer spreaders, which are worth considering in more detail.
Appropriateness of application
During the cultivation of any agricultural product, fertilization is an important but very time-consuming process. Without regular top dressing, you will not be able to get a good harvest.
Fertilizing large areas is even more difficult, it takes a lot of time and effort. To facilitate the task, special fertilizer spreaders have been created. Their purpose is to minimize the participation of a person in this exhausting type of labor activity. These complex units manage to take on the bulk of the work, making life easier for farmers.
Varieties
Fertilizer spreaders are classified according to several parameters. First of all - by the type of elements added to the soil. That is, they can be intended for the introduction of mineral or organic components.
Fertilizer machines are classified according to their functions. They can help:
- mix;
- grind;
- transport fertilizer.
Fertilizer spreaders introduce top dressing into the soil in the following forms:
- dusty;
- in granules;
- manure compositions;
- liquid solutions.
Depending on the attachment features, such machines are:
- Self-propelled. This technique works autonomously, does not require connection to other machines.
- Trailed - they are attached to the tractor.
- Semitrailer vehicles. They can be attached to machines or work independently.
- Mounted. They hang themselves to other agricultural machines.
- Manual type. These spreaders are suitable for small areas.
Manual type fertilizer spreaders are often made by farmers on their own. They are based on a cart or a wheelbarrow. And the technique works according to the centrifugal, pneumatic or pendulum type.
Advantages and disadvantages
Every technique has its pros and cons. The advantages of such units include:
- fast pace of delivery of nutritional formulations;
- ability to process vast territories;
- saving time when fertilizing;
- uniform coverage of the site with nutrient mixtures of large volumes;
- the introduction of compounds only during the movement of the unit;
- some models have a fertilizer adjustment function;
- the ability to use for other agricultural purposes - for example, for spreading seeds.
The disadvantages include the high cost of the units. Farmers who have small plots at their disposal prefer to create spreaders with their own hands.
For processing large areas, it is worth purchasing professional equipment in a specialized store. A variety of models allows you to choose the option necessary for the processing of a particular area. The cost of such equipment will pay off in a few years.
Consider the most popular manufacturers.
Rauch
This German company produces trailed and self-propelled spreaders. They are easy to use and reliable in operation.
The manufacturer uses only high-quality resources for the production of its equipment. The units are characterized by uninterrupted operation, they allow you to accurately apply the necessary dosages of fertilizers, which prevents overdoses when using top dressings.
Kuhn
This is a French company offering different models of spreaders. Among them: Easypread, Protwin Slinger, Prospread. All models are equipped with a function for side and rear spreading of nutrient mixtures.
Experts consider the uniformity of the application of the compositions and the accuracy in dosing to be the advantages of this French technique.
The manufacturer is developing incentive measures for its regular customers. If the rules of operation of the equipment are not violated, the terms of service increase. Some samples have a hydraulic piston-pusher, there are no unnecessary elements like chains.
Bogballe
Danish manufacturer offering simple and convenient units. All devices have a minimum number of adjustments. The operator can set the desired parameters with one handle.
The discs of the unit rotate towards each other, so the field is treated with fertilizers evenly. The blades of the device have an original shape.
With the help of the units of this company, nutrients can be applied both in the center and along the edges of the field. Filter meshes do not allow large nutritious pieces to scatter.
Gustrower
Manufacturer from Germany, producing models of spreaders with a working plane of considerable width. It can reach 40 meters. The models have the function of adjusting the fertilizer spreader according to the applied compositions. Allows the use of various fertilizers:
- crumbly;
- compost;
- liquid;
- humus;
- in the form of lumps;
- bird droppings.
The equipment of this company can work in areas with grown plants, since the flight path of the scattered substances is quite high.
The spreaders have an on-board computer that allows you to set up the fertilizer spreader, as well as a hydraulic system.
Unia
Polish company that produces RSW units for applying various types of dressings. The brand has proven itself well on Russian soils.
The carrying capacity of the units is from 5.5 to 10 tons. Some models have wheels wide enough to work on slippery ground. Thanks to the sieve, the hopper with nutrient mixtures is protected from foreign objects. Discs are made of high quality steel. The limiter ensures the accuracy of making compositions.
Amazone
A very popular technique in Russia. The company has 140 years of experience.
Working width of units - from 10 to 52 meters. The volume of working capacities - from 1000 to 4200 liters. All spreaders are quite simple in their design. They are of centrifugal type, have hoppers for extraction without seams and corners, which helps fertilizers slide quickly and simplifies the process of cleaning equipment.
Some models have the ability to weigh mixtures and calculate the optimal amount for a particular area. On-board computer allows you to make the work comfortable. All equipment is made of corrosion-resistant metals. A special paint application technique makes the top coat extremely resistant to any impact.
A large number of dealers facilitates the search for spare parts for the equipment of this company.
Let us also consider specific models of aggregates used in Russian fields.
L-116
This is a mineral fertilizer spreader used for the distribution of solid as well as loose mixtures. The design is made in such a way that the device captures an area with a width of 20-24 meters. In an hour, the device can process from 8 to 16 hectares of area.
L-116 is used for sowing green manure. It is attached to tractors from 0.6 class or more.
PRT-10
Organic fertilizer spreader, which is used for fertilizing and for their transportation. Liquid and dry formulations can be used as raw materials.
It looks like a trailer. When the fertilizer is turned on, it falls on the spreading device, the conveyor transfers it to the spreading parts. As soon as the tipping section is free, the hydraulic system is turned off.
The dosage of applied fertilizers is regulated by the speed of the conveyor.
Fertilizers are applied to a width of 5 to 8 meters. The machine is served by one tractor driver.
ROWE
This is mainly trailed equipment, which, when the tractor shaft is disconnected, can be used as a trolley. The models of this company are distinguished by high performance characteristics, they are suitable for covering large areas.
The equipment has a high speed of operation, the most convenient spreading width - 8 meters, a comfortable conveyor for unloading trains.
The disadvantage of the units is that they cannot work independently and require aggregation with tractors.
"Farmer-950"
This technique combines price and quality. The dimensions of the unit are not too impressive, but the usable volume is 940 liters.
Can distribute fertilizer to a width of 14 to 21 meters.
The design of "Farmer-950" is durable and reliable. The added hydraulic gate provides the most convenient loading level and comfortable fertilizer application.
It is possible to adjust the working width and dosing of applied fertilizers. The gearbox does not require maintenance. The grid protects against the ingress of unwanted objects.
This domestic unit is not inferior to many expensive imported designs.
RUM
These spreaders, produced in Neftekamsk, allow you to apply fertilizer at any stage of agricultural activity. The equipment is semi-trailer type. They are used for adding and transporting mineral compounds. With the help of RUM units, fertilizers are applied in the form of powder, crystals and granules. Fertilizers are added to the ground in spring and autumn.
There is a function of regulating the volume and density of nutritional formulations.
RUN-15B
This mounted fertilizer spreader is used for spreading manure or compost formulations. It is aggregated with tractors. The tractor driver controls the structure. The machine applies fertilizer to a width of 35 meters.
MVU-900
This is a mounted mineral fertilizer spreader. The design is used for fertilizing plants and for sowing crops. It allows you to scatter fertilizer granules on the surface. After that, they must be embedded in the soil with special tools. Similar machines are used in various areas, except for mountainous areas. The slope of the soil should not exceed 8 degrees. The machine is considered accurate, reliable and easy to operate.
As already mentioned, according to the type of device and the principle of operation, the units can be trailed and mounted. It all depends on the needs of the farmer and the characteristics of his agricultural activities. Trailed models include the following models: PRT-7, ROU-6, MTT-9, MTU, LMR PTU-17 and others. Mounted units are: RUN-800, RUM, RSN 800 and others.
Trailer trailers are more convenient than mounted ones in that after emptying one trailer, the machine operator attaches the next one and continues his work.
Self-manufacturing
An experienced farmer can make a simple do-it-yourself fertilizer spreader. This will be a miniature model. The garden wheelbarrow is taken as the basis. In its body, you need to make 11 holes and close each one with a spinning plate. Two ejectors are placed above each plate. Moving, the wheels will transmit rotation to the plates and the camshaft.
Sprayer "Fog" is designed for a number of agrochemical works. With its help, plants are desiccated (accelerated drying before harvesting), mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil.
On the domestic market, this machine is represented by two models: "Fog 1" and "Fog 2".
1 Description of the sprayer "Mist 1"
The agricultural machine "Fog 1" with low fuel consumption (only 0.1 - 0.2 liters per 1 ha of field) has rather high technical characteristics:
- engine VAZ series 21083 75 horsepower;
- tank capacity for chemical solutions - 600 l;
- machine height - 2100 cm (without wheels);
- machine weight - 1050 kg;
- the working speed of the machine during processing is 30 km / h.
Self-propelled sprayer "Fog-1
"The total productivity of the Tuman-1 agricultural machine is about 15,000 hectares per season. One such machine is able to meet the needs of an average agricultural organization or a private farm.
"Fog 1" has three configurations:
- fan sprayer;
1.1
In this configuration, a boom sprayer SAH-3 is installed on the machine. It is used for and pesticides on young crops. Machine coverage with boom sprayer is 21 meters of field. For an hour SAH-3 allows you to process up to 60 hectares.
1.2 Fan sprayer
Fan sprayer SAH-5 is used for processing large areas of the field.
Covered area at a time - 200 m. This sprayer allows you to more accurately determine the required amount of chemical, which significantly reduces its consumption and increases the possible area of processing. The SAH-5 sprayer is able to take various positions, which allows you to adjust it to the direction of the wind and thereby increase the processing area.
1.3 Mineral fertilizer spreader
Another complete set of the self-propelled sprayer Tuman 1 is a special spreader of mineral additives RMU-2. The sprayer, with the RMU installed on it, is capable of fertilizing up to 30 hectares of the field per hour.
Uniform distribution and precise adjustment of the fertilizer dose allow using from 50 to 200 kg per hectare. Spreader grip is 20 meters. The RMU-2 hopper is made of corrosion-resistant, stainless materials that do not react with granular or crystalline fertilizers.
All units are easy to use and easy to change even under working conditions.
2 Sprayer "Fog-2"
The sprayer Tuman 2 uses the same base as the machine "Tuman-1". But, unlike the previous model, the technical characteristics are significantly expanded here:
- engine ZMZ series 406 100 horsepower;
- drive - four driving wheels;
- suspension system - independent with hydraulic shock absorbers;
- tank capacity for chemical solutions - 2000 l;
- machine height - 2340 cm (without wheels);
- machine weight - 2400 kg;
- productivity up to 60 hectares of field/hour;
- the working speed of the machine during processing is 45 km / h.
Boom sprayer "Fog-2
"The main advantages of the Fog 2 machine are a more powerful engine, an increased volume of a container for chemical solutions and solid fertilizers. This allows you to increase the overall productivity of the sprayer up to 18 thousand hectares per season.
"Fog 2", like the first model, also has three configurations. Together with it, the Tuman-2 boom sprayer, the SAH-5 aerosol (fan) sprayer and the Tuman-2 solid fertilizer spreader are used.
2.1 Overview of the SAH-6 self-propelled sprayer based on Tuman-2 (video)
2.2 Technical features
One of the most useful features are special narrow-gauge tires with reduced atmospheric pressure inside. When working on such tires, the sprayer creates a pressure on the soil in the amount of only 0.1 kg / cm 2. Thanks to this, all cultures trampled down during the work rise without harm to their structure. Such a mechanism makes it possible to process fields at any stage of the growing season without compacting the upper soil balls, which contributes to the free passage of crops.
When developing the sprayer cabin, negative working conditions (working with harmful chemicals) and features of the work process were taken into account. The main advantages of the cabin are:
- high noise protection;
- complete isolation of the driver from the external environment in which chemical processing is carried out. substances;
- special filter mechanism incoming air flows;
- heating system;
- well-planned lighting system to work at night;
- availability of regulated seats for two people;
- the presence in both models of an accurate navigation system, which allows you to track work routes.
Salon sprayer "Fog-2
"The car has a high cross-country ability. Independent suspension of the machine, wheels with low pressure tires allow you to work on plowing, uneven surfaces, snowy areas.
"Fog" is equipped with parts of domestic manufacturers, many of which, according to the developer, repeat the parts of previously produced cars, which greatly simplifies repairs.
Cultivation of the land involves its timely top dressing if we want to get high-quality crops. The larger the site, the more time and effort this process requires. Special mechanisms make this work easier for farmers: a mineral fertilizer spreader and a separate organic fertilizer spreader. Multifunctional units can perform other work in the farm.
The mechanisms used in the process of fertilizing the soil are divided not only by the type of fertilizer applied, they have different functions. There are devices for mixing, grinding, transporting fertilizers. Actually, the fertilizer spreader itself can be designed to apply only granular or fine-grained dusty dressings. There are devices for manure or liquid fertilizers.
There are self-propelled mechanisms, and there are various types of attachment to a tractor that transports them across the field: mounted, trailed and semi-trailed. In a small area, a manual fertilizer spreader can be used. It can even be homemade, made on the basis of a wheelbarrow or cart. The principle of spreading they can also be different: centrifugal, pendulum and pneumatic.
direct appointment
The direct purpose of the spreader is to minimize the participation of a person in the hard, exhausting labor of cultivating the land. Since agricultural land is depleted at least 2 times a year - in autumn and spring, farmers are forced to fertilize. It is better if this is done by professional equipment under the guidance of a person. On our fields you can see the equipment of the German company Rauch. Mineral spreaders of this manufacturer, self-propelled and trailed, are very reliable. The simplicity of the design and the use of only high-quality materials ensure long-term trouble-free operation, accurate dosing and uniform flow of fertilizers into the soil across the entire working width. This technique does not allow for overdosing or spontaneous changes in concentration with changes in movement speed or terrain level.
The Prospread, Easypread, Protwin Slinger machines, manufactured by the French Kuhn Corporation, have a side and rear ejection device. They provide accurate dosing and uniform application of dressings to the soil. They have models with a hydraulic piston-pusher, the designs of which do without chains, that is, unnecessary moving parts. This French manufacturer encourages its customers to extend service maintenance, provided that the equipment is used correctly.
Danish brand Bogballe units are very easy to use because they have a minimum number of adjustments. The spreading rate is set by moving one handle. When spreading fertilizers, the disks rotate towards each other, this feature, together with the special shape of the blades, ensures the necessary uniformity of the area coverage. The machines provide ideal distribution of mixtures at the field borders, and not just in the middle of it. The bunker is equipped with screens for screening, which prevents lumps or too large fractions from entering the field.
The German company Güstrower offers models with a large width of the working area - up to 40 m. They are very rational with German frugality regarding expensive dressings. They can be adjusted for uniform spreading of different amounts of fertilizer mixtures: from 40 to 16,000 kg per 1 ha. Fertilizers can be used in a variety of ways: loose, lumpy, humus, bird droppings, compost. The high flight path allows you to work not only on an unsown field, but even among grown plants. There are special devices that allow you to work among the rows of vegetables. Hydraulics drives the discs, the on-board computer communicates in 3 languages - German, English, Russian.
Not only bulk chemicals, but also compost, manure, bird droppings, lime, bone meal, peat can be scattered by equipment from the Polish company Unia. Load capacity is provided from 5.5 to 10 tons. The Tytan 18 has wide wheels that make it easier to work on wet, slippery fields. Pendulum spreaders from the Norwegian manufacturer Kverneland are well known all over the world. They are produced at a factory in the Netherlands, like more traditional disk ones. They have electronic control systems, you do not need to leave the tractor cab at all for control, and a special corrective summer resident ensures uniform work on hills, as on a plain.
The most famous manufacturer of agricultural machinery, Amazone, also produces many models of fertilizer spreaders.
They are characterized by working width from 10 to 52 m, bunker volume from 1000 to 4200 l. Some models have the ability to weigh mixtures and determine the optimal rate. A universal computer with various useful functions has been developed for all equipment.
Video "The principle of operation of the device"
In this video you can see how the device works and what its principle is.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantage of this technique is the possibility of fertilizing large areas, the rapid transportation and distribution of several tons (or several tens of tons) of fertilizers necessary for plants across the field. This is completely impossible to do manually. Mechanical spreaders of mineral fertilizers evenly distribute the mixture over the field. Spreading of top dressings is carried out only during the movement of transport, whether it is a manual, self-propelled or tractor-mounted model. The most advanced models can be programmed so that different areas receive the concentration of fertilizer they need. Units can be used not only for their intended purpose. They will help to sow the field, scatter sand and other bulk materials.
The main disadvantage can be considered the price of such devices. Therefore, some craftsmen are trying to make a manual spreader with their own hands. Such a home-made unit can cope with small areas, but in a large farm it is better to have a mechanism from a good manufacturer. Among the variety of models and manufacturers, you can choose exactly the one that will do an excellent job on your farm, even if its payback lasts for several years.
Device
The manual device has to be pushed across the field, which is not very convenient. Mounted spreader is a metal frame attached to the tractor with brackets. The fertilizer trailer is attached to the frame at the rear. A hopper with two discs is installed on the frame, they rotate due to the tractor shaft, the centrifugal force causes the fertilizers to scatter.
The trailed fertilizer spreader is equipped with a special hopper. It contains a screw, the movement of which causes the movement of the mixture. The speed of the auger can be controlled, this allows you to adjust the flow of the fertilizer mixture depending on the required concentration in different areas. Sometimes a restrictive plate, a protective awning, a container for sorting the substance are additionally installed. A self-propelled sprinkler is typically used to apply liquid organic fertilizers. It is equipped with two consoles made of duralumin pipes, on which special heads are located, which produce spraying.
A primitive manual spreader (seeder) can be homemade. It is based on a box and two running wheels. 11 holes are made in the box, they are closed with rotating plates. 2 ejectors are placed above the plates, you can also attach a turner. When the wheels move, the rotation is fed to the plates, to the shaft of the ejector and the agitator. This homemade design causes the fertilizer from the box to fall onto the rotating plates, and from them to the ground with relative uniformity.
Video "Hand-held device for the garden"
Video review on a manual spreader that can be used even in a small garden or garden.
To obtain a high income, agriculture requires special equipment to reduce the cost of cultivating the soil and its top dressing. Fertilizers saturate a plot of land with various elements that increase soil fertility along with productivity and profit.
And if a small hand-held device is enough to disperse beneficial additives in a small area, then professional equipment is required for large productions.
What are mineral fertilizer spreaders
One of the most important and difficult tasks in the economy is to introduce fertilizers into the soil on time, quickly and in the right amount. It is extremely difficult to do this manually, so any farm owner needs to purchase at least one device for dispersing mineral fertilizers.
Among the large number of offers on the agricultural equipment market, it is easy to get confused not only for a beginner. After all, for specific tasks, equipment with specific technical characteristics is suitable.
Video: IRIS Double Disc Unit
Total exists two principles of dispersion of fertilizers and other mixtures:
- With pendulum tube
- When rotating discs with special blades
The first option is used only in small areas, because due to its technical limitations it is much inferior to the performance characteristics of mineral fertilizer disc spreaders.
According to the type of construction, solid organic fertilizer spreaders are divided into:
- Trailer. They are a container on wheels attached to the rear of the tractor.
- Mounted. Metal frame and hitch with brackets and hopper on top.
- Manual. Made in the form of a trolley with a small bunker, which must be pushed independently.
There are also self-propelled units, consisting of a vehicle with equipment attached to it. This complex can replace several trailed spreaders of mineral fertilizers, but its cost is appropriate.
Advantages
With the help of automation of soil fertilization, you can achieve a more stable result than with manual processing of the field. And since it is necessary to saturate the land twice a year (in spring and autumn), a lot of time is saved in total, and the number of workers for servicing the farm is also reduced.
Precise dosing during spraying allows the fertilizer to be spread economically on the ground over large areas. With the help of a regulating system for the supply of raw materials, it is possible to distribute both several centners of fertilizers and a couple of tons on one piece of land.
The mineral fertilizer spreader copes well with sand, salt and seed. Such versatility makes it an indispensable thing even in the smallest household.
Flaws
The first and most important disadvantage: great cost. While this is less of an issue with manual diffusers, automatic models can cost up to tens of thousands of dollars. The payback of such equipment can be delayed for several years. However, a simple version of the device can be assembled independently if dosage accuracy is not a decisive factor.
Moreover, mounted and trailed spreaders require tractors with a certain power, which will depend on the weight of the equipment attached to it and on the volume of fertilizers.
Safety
In no case should you be in the working area of the device when it is working. It is necessary to study the operating instructions, as well as to study in detail the rules for using the equipment. All actions with the diffuser must be carried out only with the engine turned off.
Mounted models
Such mineral fertilizer spreaders are a metal or plastic hopper attached to the tractor with a special frame and brackets. They are compatible with tractors of any power, and at a relatively low price they perform their tasks perfectly.
Due to performance limitations, mounted fertilizer spreaders more commonly used for small areas. For large areas, it is worth paying attention to trailers.
Before buying, you need to make sure that the tractor hitch is compatible with the fertilizer spreader. Modern models of tractors should not have problems. However, the old Soviet equipment was developed according to different standards, and it will require the purchase of new components for the hitch.
Mounted disc spreader
This is a metal hopper with a frame, inside of which mechanical agitators (tedders) are located to evenly distribute the contents. A grate for sifting fertilizers is attached above them.
Under the bunker there is a control for the supply of bulk solids, consisting of a restrictive and shut-off valve. The first regulates the supply of fertilizers, the second - hermetically closes the container for ease of movement around the area. The shutters have locks that do not allow them to move arbitrarily during operation.
The contents of the container, under the influence of the agitator shaft, fall onto the rotating distribution plates, bypassing the shutters. Further, the blades intercept the fertilizers in small portions and, thanks to centrifugal force, scatter them evenly on the ground.
This creates a fertilizer strip behind the tractor. There can be one or more distribution plates, and they can work both together and separately. The blades are adjustable and replaceable for different tasks.
The rotation of all parts ensures the rotation of the power take-off shaft (PTO) of the tractor. Attached to it with brackets.
Pendulum Mounted Spreader
This device differs from the disk device only in a scattering device. Instead of rotating discs, a special oscillating tube made of durable plastic is used, which throws the contents onto the ground with a quick right-left movement.
This type of mineral fertilizer spreaders is much less common than disc type spreaders and is significantly inferior in terms of its characteristics. This is due to a design limitation: the vibration frequency of the tube cannot be increased significantly, which means the contents of the hopper will not be distributed evenly enough.
Moreover, if the oscillation frequency is set incorrectly, the device will fail and all drive components of the mechanism will have to be changed. Also, the device emits a sharp noise that cannot be drowned out by anything.
Due to the low productivity of the tube, the working speed of the tractor, on which the pendulum fertilizer spreader is hung, is reduced. Spreading width reaches up to 8 m, and the maximum performance of such a design is only 2 Ha/hour, which is clearly not enough for large areas.
Trailed spreaders
By and large, the principle of operation of this unit does not differ from mounted organic fertilizer spreaders. The only difference is that the towing devices are made in the form of a trailer on wheels, attached to the frame behind the tractor. However, the possibilities of such devices are wide.
Depending on the cost and specific model, trailed fertilizer spreaders can hold up to several tens of tons of fertilizer, and the working width extends to tens of meters.
And if the trailer has wide wheels, this allows you to work in the spring on damp soil and not depend on weather conditions. Such units significantly save mineral fertilizers, and are also often used as a manure spreader. This saves a lot of time and labor costs.
Manual models
This is the easiest and cheapest option on the market. The name speaks for itself: they have to be pushed in front of you across the field. And although uniformity and speed leave much to be desired, this type of fertilizer spreader is actively used in small areas and summer cottages.
After all, with their help, you can not only scatter fertilizers, but also sow various crops. In winter, such a unit will help scatter sand or salt on the paths.
The mechanism of the manual spreader is very simple: the disc with blades is driven from the wheels by means of a chain drive and cables. The amount of material to be spread is adjusted by a damper, which is adjusted by screws. To sift the contents, you can use the mesh while pouring the mixture into the container.
Homemade manual spreader
Any home craftsman can create a simple do-it-yourself fertilizer spreader. To do this, you need to take a suitable container, attach to it 2 running wheels.
In the bottom of the container, you need to make several holes and close them with homemade spreading plates with two blades each. Now it remains to attach the agitator to the container and make sure that the wheels set the whole mechanism in motion.
If you managed to find a cone, then you can cut off its top and attach it to the wheels down with a narrow part. Under the hole you need to put one disk with blades, which will rotate when moving.
As a damper, you can use a metal strip, which is fixed around the top of the cone and at the same time can change the vertical position between the cone and the disk. In this way, it is possible to adjust the width of the gap through which the contents of the cone will spill onto the disk and then onto the soil.
How to choose
To choose the best option for specific tasks, you must at least superficially know the performance characteristics.
- Capture width. This indicator indicates how wide a coverage strip will be created using a spreader. Directly affects productivity, because the wider the grip, the faster the field will be processed. Measured in meters.
- Bunker volume. The more fertilizer you can put in at once, the less often you have to interrupt work and reload the spreader. In addition, after a reboot, it will not be possible to spray fertilizer with exactly the same concentration as before.
- Weight of equipment with empty hopper.
- The frequency of rotation of disks and their number(if it is a disc spreader). European standard - 540 revolutions. All standard adjustments of modern spreaders are designed for them. Therefore, if it is different for the tractor, you will have to adjust the height rate manually. This will not be necessary if the tractor has the ability to change the PTO speed. Information about this is in passport.
- Tractor power in l. With. which is recommended for normal operation.
- Tractor models of the same brand which are ideal for the spreader. These are recommendations from the manufacturer, but it is not necessary to follow them if the tractor is already available or planned to be purchased from another brand.
- For which type of fertilizer equipment is intended: granules, powder, sand, salt, etc.
- Manufacturer, expiration date and warranty.
All modern models have spreading systems, be it discs or a pendulum tube, made of stainless steel, and the hopper is coated with a special powder paint that does not allow fertilizers to destroy metal.
Spreader control can be manual or automatic. In the first option, during the adjustment, you will have to turn off the engine and change, for example, the position of the dampers. Of course, doing this automatically is much more convenient, but the price is also higher.
Manufacturers
Among foreign manufacturers, German brands are especially valued, where quality and reliability issues are very carefully approached. Belarus also performed well, in particular, due to the low price and at the same time quite good quality.
Amazone
This is a family-owned German company that has existed for 4 generations. Now the company has 6 plants distributed throughout Europe, including Russia. Amazone values its reputation very much, therefore it constantly improves its products and carefully monitors the quality of components.
Video: AMAZONE machine
There are 6 items in the model range, differing from each other in size, throughput and performance.
3244 07/28/2019 4 min.In the process of growing various industrial or agricultural crops, the most important point is the introduction of fertilizers. If you have a small plot of land, then you can do this without using a specific device. But for gardeners who have a decent plot of land, fertilizing the soil with their own hands is long and painful.
In the photo - fertilizer spreader:
It is they, due to rotation in one direction, that contribute to the spreading of fertilizer into the ground. These blades have additional equipment - extensions. By adjusting their total length, it is possible to evenly apply fertilizer to the discs.
The hinged device is characterized by the presence of distribution discs. If necessary, they can be easily replaced. During operation, mineral fertilizers under the influence of the agitator shaft evenly exit the hopper onto the distribution discs. In turn, the disks make rotational movements in opposite directions.
Unit operation
In most cases, mineral fertilizers are immersed in the spreader, which are classified as salts of the chemical elements K, P and N. They are introduced into the soil qualitatively over its entire surface.
Before starting direct work, you should perform a thorough external inspection of the machine, replace parts if necessary, tighten fasteners, oil all rubbing parts according to factory requirements. The operation of the mounted fertilizer spreader is as follows:
- Nutrient components with high humidity and a size of not more than 7 mm are sent to the bunker. If larger particles are used, arch formation in the bunker can be achieved, the working parts of the machines can stick, and the entire technological process of sowing will be disrupted. Loading is carried out using a car or tractor loader.
- Sieve- This is a mesh obtained from metal. Its installation is carried out in the bunker. It is necessary to protect against the ingress of large pieces of caked fertilizer and foreign objects.
- Fertilizer, which is located in the bunker, thanks to the shutters, is sent to the diffuser. It, in turn, distributes nutrients in a fan-shaped stream over the surface of the land.
- Drive of working parts carried out from the power take-off shaft of the tractor. Fastening of all assembly elements for spreaders is carried out on the frame. It is presented in the form of a tubular welded structure. The bunker is a kind of container in which fertilizers are located. The guide is needed to increase the volume. It is fastened with bolts.
And the technical features of the use of the material are indicated in the article.
The hinged diffuser is presented in the form of two disks to which the blades are attached. Thanks to the agitator located inside the hopper, it is possible to ensure the flow of fertilizer through the shutters to the diffuser.
In the photo - a hinged diffuser: 
The drive is represented by a single-stage bevel gear and a telescopic cardan shaft. The flap control process allows you to accurately set the required fertilizer dose. The control mechanism is concentrated under the bottom of the bunker and is presented in the form of a movable shutter, a rod and a lever attached to it.
The application is indicated in the article.
The presented apparatus allows the introduction of fertilizer in fields, pastures and gardens with further incorporation of them with special equipment. Thus, it became possible to carry out the nutrition of winter, row crops and grasses.
Upon completion of all preliminary adjustments, you can begin to adjust the device to the required rate. For these purposes, the spreader tank is filled with mineral fertilizers. Do this in the required dosage, taking into account the amount of nutrients and the length of the path.
How it is used is indicated in the article.
Price
Such a device cannot be called cheap, since its price is impressive. Of course, the benefits that this type of device provides will pay off the cost many times over. You can buy a product for 15,000-145,000 rubles.
How to DIY
If you do not want to spend money on this expensive purchase, then you can make a fertilizer spreader with your own hands. To do this, it is important to know what elements it consists of. For work you need a box. Make 11 holes in it, which will soon be closed with rotating plates. There should be 2 ejectors above each plate. A damper must be provided to regulate the amount of fertilizer. The seed drill is supported by two running wheels.
You can find out from the article.
During the operation of the apparatus, the rotation will be transmitted from the wheels to the plates, and then to the shaft of the ejector and agitator. Thanks to the plates, the fertilizer will be dropped from the box and sent to the ground. For a uniform supply of nutrients to the plates, you need to stir them from time to time.
The process of introducing fertilizer is one of the important points for the normal and rapid development of cultivated plants. To facilitate this process, it is necessary to use a device such as a spreader. This unit will allow not only quickly, but also evenly distribute inorganic components over the entire surface of the land.