Order on the admission of workers to operational switching. Questions To Prepare For An Extraordinary Test Of Knowledge On The New Rules For Labor Protection During The Operation Of Electrical Installations! Operational maintenance of electrical installations

2.2.1. Operational maintenance of electrical installations can be carried out both by local operational or operational repair workers, to whom this electrical installation is assigned, and by field workers, to whom a group of electrical installations is assigned.

The type of operational maintenance, the number of operational workers per shift or at the electrical installation are determined by the person responsible for the electrical facilities, in agreement with the management of the enterprise (organization) and indicated in local instructions.

2.2.2. Operational maintenance of electrical installations is allowed for employees who know operational schemes, job and operational instructions, labor protection instructions, equipment features and who have been trained, duplicated and tested knowledge of these Rules and PTE.
2.2.3. Operational workers serving electrical installations alone, and seniors in a shift or team assigned to an electrical installation, must have an electrical safety group IV in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V and III - in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V.
2.2.4. Operational workers must work according to the schedule approved by the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the enterprise or structural unit.
2.2.5. Operational workers, having come on duty, must accept a shift from the previous duty officer, hand over the shift to the next duty officer in accordance with the schedule,

It is prohibited to leave duty without changing the shift. In exceptional cases, leaving the workplace is allowed with the permission of a superior person from among the operational workers.

2.2.6 When accepting a shift, the operational employee must:
- - familiarize yourself according to the scheme with the condition and mode of operation of the equipment at your site by personal inspection to the extent established by the instructions; ;
- - obtain information from the duty officer handing over the shift about the condition of the equipment, which must be carefully monitored to prevent accidents and malfunctions, and about the equipment that is under repair or in reserve;
- - check and accept tools, materials, room keys, protective equipment, operational documentation and instructions;
- - get acquainted with all the records and orders for the time that has passed since his last duty;
- - formalize the acceptance of the shift by an entry in the journal, statement, as well as in the operational scheme with the signatures of the employee accepting the shift and the employee handing it over;
- - report to the shift supervisor about the entry on duty and about the problems identified during the acceptance of the shift.
2.2.7. Acceptance and delivery of the shift directly during the liquidation of the accident, the production of switching or operations to turn on and off the equipment is prohibited.

With a long time to eliminate the accident, the shift is carried out with the permission of the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the enterprise.

2.2.8. It is forbidden to accept and hand over a shift in cases where the workplaces on the serviced site are not cleaned, the equipment is contaminated.

Acceptance of a shift in case of faulty equipment or an abnormal mode of its operation is allowed only with the permission of the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the enterprise, or a higher operative worker, which is noted in the operational log.

2.2.9. Operational workers during their duty are responsible for the correct maintenance and trouble-free operation of all equipment in the area assigned to them.
2.2.10. Senior shift operative worker alone or together with the administration of the enterprise,

workshop, site is obliged to fulfill the reasonable requirements of employees of the energy supply organization.

2.2.11. The senior shift operative worker I is obliged to immediately notify the dispatcher

power supply organization about accidents that caused the shutdown of one or more power lines supplying the enterprise.

The list of employees who have the right to conduct operational negotiations with the energy supply organization is determined by the person responsible for the electrical facilities, approved by the head, agreed with the State Supervision Service of Labor and transferred to the appropriate operational service of the energy supply organization.

2.2.12. In case of violation of the operating mode, damage or accident with electrical equipment, the operational employee is obliged to immediately take measures to restore the normal mode of operation and report the incident directly to the shift worker or the person responsible for electrical facilities.

In case of incorrect actions of operational workers during the liquidation of the accident, the superior operational employee is obliged to assume leadership and responsibility for the further course of liquidation of the accident.

2.2.13. Operational workers are required to conduct rounds and inspections of equipment and production facilities in the area assigned to them.

Inspection of electrical installations can be carried out alone:

- administrative and technical worker with group V in electrical installations above 1000 V and with group IV - in electrical installations up to 1000 V;
- an operational worker serving this electrical installation.

Inspection of electrical installations by non-electrotechnical workers and excursions, with the permission of the management of the enterprise, can be carried out under the supervision of an employee with group IV, who has the right to a sole inspection.

The inspection must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of these Rules.

The list of administrative and technical workers who are allowed a sole inspection is established by the person responsible for the electrical facilities and approved by the head of the enterprise.

2.2.14. During the inspection in electrical installations above 1000 V, it is forbidden to open the doors of rooms, cells that are not equipped with mesh fences or barriers, if the distance between the doors and live parts is less than that specified in Table 2.3. The list of such premises and cells is approved by the person responsible for electrical facilities.

In electrical installations above 1000 V, in which the entrance to the premises, cells is equipped with mesh fences or barriers, during the inspection it is forbidden to open the doors of the mesh fences and penetrate the fences or barriers.

2.2.15. It is forbidden to perform any work during the inspection of electrical installations.
2.2-16. Inspections, identification and elimination of faults in electrical installations without local duty workers are carried out centrally by field workers who supervise and work on an object (or a group of objects). The frequency of these works is established by the person responsible for electrical facilities, depending on local conditions. The results of the examinations are recorded in the operational log.
2.2.17. Employees who do not service this electrical installation are allowed to inspect with the permission of the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the enterprise, workshop, site.
2.2.18. The doors of electrical installation rooms (boards, assemblies, etc.) must be permanently locked.

Each room must have at least two sets of keys, one of which is a spare. The keys to the switchgear rooms should not fit the doors of cells and chambers.

2.2.19. The keys must be numbered and kept by operational or administrative and technical workers. In electrical installations without local operatives, the keys must be at the control point with the senior operative in shift. Keys must be issued against receipt:
- - for the period of inspection to employees who are allowed a one-man inspection, and operational and repair workers, including those who are not on a shift, when they perform work in electrical installations according to an order or order;
- - for the duration of the work according to the order or by order - to the head of the work, allowing or observing.

Keys must be returned daily at the end of work.

When performing work in electrical installations without local operational workers, the keys must be returned no later than the next day after the completion of the work.

2.2.20. Personal keys for entering the premises are allowed only for operational workers who receive and hand over shifts by phone.

In the premises of electrical installations, it is prohibited to store materials and tools that are not related to this electrical installation.

Operational switching should be carried out by operational or operational and maintenance personnel authorized by the administrative document of the head of the organization.
In electrical installations above 1000 V, employees from among the operational personnel who solely serve the electric. installations and shift supervisors must have electrical safety group IV, the rest of the workers on the shift - group III.

In electrical installations up to 1000 V, employees from among the operating personnel who solely serve electrical installations must have group III.
The type of operational maintenance of the electrical installation, the number of employees from among the operational personnel in a shift is determined by the head of the organization or structural unit and is fixed by an appropriate order.
In electrical installations, people, mechanisms and lifting machines are not allowed to approach energized unshielded live parts.

A sole inspection of electrical installations, the electromechanical part of technological equipment can be performed by an employee with a group of at least III, from among the operational personnel servicing this electrical installation during working hours or on duty, or by an employee from among the administrative and technical personnel, having group V, for electrical installations with voltage above 1000 V, and an employee with group IV - for electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V and the right to a sole inspection on the basis of a written order of the head of the organization.
Employees who do not service electrical installations may be admitted to them accompanied by operational personnel who have group IV in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, and who have group III in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, or an employee who has the right to sole inspection.
The accompanying worker must monitor the safety of people admitted to electrical installations and warn them about the prohibition of approaching live parts.
When inspecting electrical installations, it is allowed to open the doors of switchboards, assemblies, control panels and other devices.
When inspecting electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, it is not allowed to enter rooms, chambers that are not equipped with fences or barriers. It is not allowed to penetrate the fences and barriers of electrical installations. No work is allowed during the inspection.
When removing and installing live fuses, you must use:
in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V - insulating tongs (rod) using dielectric gloves and face or eye protection;
in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V - insulating pliers or dielectric gloves and face or eye protection.
The doors of electrical installations, chambers, panels and assemblies, except for those in which work is carried out, must be locked.
5. Works permitted to personnel according to the list of works performed in the order of current operation on explosion-proof electrical equipment

Answer: replacement of grease and replacement of bearings with similar ones;

revision of current-carrying parts, contact connections, replacement of contactors, release relays of the same type, replacement of slip rings and collectors;

replacement of burned-out lamps and damaged caps in luminaires (with their installation height up to 2.5 m);

disassembly and assembly of electrical equipment, cleaning and lubrication of explosion-proof surfaces, repair of external elements of the enclosure that are not related to its explosion safety (for example, motor legs, eyebolts or ears for transportation, etc.);

elimination of oil leaks (protective fluid) and its replacement;

replacement of sealing gaskets and elastic rings sealing cables or wires, if the cores of cables and wires have lugs and the installation is carried out according to the relevant instructions;

replacement of fuses, dry galvanic cells and batteries with identical ones. When repairing intrinsically safe systems and electrical equipment, only work is carried out that is regulated by the installation and operating instructions;

replacement of damaged insulators with identical ones;

repair of enclosures and electrical equipment installed in them, as well as systems for providing enclosures with protective gas and protection and interlock systems, provided that this repair will not affect the explosion protection of electrical equipment, the enclosure of which is filled or purged with protective gas under excess pressure;

· repair of fans of the electric motor and its casing;

installation of missing bolts, screws and nuts. The dimensions and material of the bolts, screws, nuts to be installed must correspond to those to be replaced.

Ticket number 9

Purpose, device, principle of operation of the high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker BB / TEL - 10.
Schematic diagram of the control of an electrified valve, the purpose and operation of the circuit elements.
Organizational measures to ensure the safe conduct of work in electrical installations.
Define the explosive zone according to the PUE.
The device and principle of operation of a long spark gap (RDI)

A necessary and most important condition for reliable power supply to consumers and the efficient operation of an electric grid enterprise is a rigid structure of operational dispatch control and control, which provides for the distribution of functions between individual levels, as well as the subordination of lower levels of management to higher ones.

The main tasks of the operational units of the PES are:

maintaining the specified operating modes of the equipment;

planning and preparation of repair work;

ensuring the sustainability of electrical networks;

ensuring the cost-effectiveness of work;

switching production;

localization of accidents and restoration of normal operation modes.

Operational maintenance of electrical installations is carried out in strict accordance with the rules and regulations adopted in the electric power industry and determining the conditions for the training and admission of personnel, safe working conditions and the correct implementation of technological processes.

Personnel involved in the maintenance of power grid equipment are conditionally divided into three categories: operational, operational and repair and repair. The operational staff includes personnel with the right to operational switching, the operational and repair personnel - specially trained and trained for operational maintenance in the approved scope of the electrical installations assigned to them, who have the right to operational switching, and the repair personnel - personnel involved in maintenance and repair maintenance and adjustment of electrical equipment power plants and substations, overhead lines, cable lines, relay protection and automation, measuring instruments, etc. All work in electrical installations must be carried out according to orders or orders that determine the content of work, place, time, security measures and persons to whom these works are entrusted.

The main link in the management of electric networks in cities and districts are district energy departments (enterprises), which are part of production and energy associations. Energy management includes power plants and electrical networks interconnected by a common mode in the continuous process of production, conversion and distribution of electricity with the general management of this mode. Energy management performs: dispatching control of substations and networks, supervision of rational use

electricity consumers, technical supervision of the operation of substations and electrical networks in the area.

Maintenance of electrical installations is carried out by permanent or mobile operational personnel, which is the duty personnel serving production sites, and operational and repair, i.e. maintenance personnel with the right to maintain and perform operational switching in the areas. The volume of service, the number of persons in a shift or a team is established by order. In some cases, taking into account the distance of the location of transit or production substations, prompt service is allowed at home on duty, i.e. the personnel lives near the substation and the area of operation and the scope of maintenance work are assigned to them by order. Substations of small capacity, located within the city or near cities and towns, are serviced by electricians of the power grids. Each visit to the substation is recorded by electricians in the operational log, the reason for the visit and the work done are noted.

Operational maintenance is carried out in shifts. The number of employees and the form of service for operational personnel in a shift are determined by production needs. When servicing electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, the senior in the shift must be with a qualification group not lower than IV, and when servicing electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V - not lower than II. The duty schedule is drawn up for a month. The handover and acceptance of duty is noted in a special journal. The shift is accepted according to general rules, starting with inspections of electrical installations and electrical equipment. Electrical equipment is inspected incompletely; the newcomer to duty gets acquainted with the most responsible places. More detailed inspections are carried out within the time limits established by the instruction or schedule, depending on the condition of the equipment. They are one of the components of the operational maintenance of electrical installations and the main factor ensuring trouble-free operation. Detected defects are recorded in the operational log, and then measures are taken to eliminate them. Operating personnel servicing electrical equipment with voltage up to 1000 V, when inspecting the elements of ballasts, have the right to single-handedly open the doors of the shields of starting devices, control panels, etc. During the inspection period, it is prohibited to carry out any work, while checking the presence of warning posters on safety and inscription with the name and purpose of electrical installations on all doors of power assemblies and cabinets, structures and in other specified places. Do not remove warning

posters and fences, penetrate them, touch current-carrying parts, wipe and clean them.

Operational switching in switchgears is carried out by order or with the knowledge of higher duty personnel. Complex switching is carried out by two persons, and the senior in position controls the execution of operations by the second person. If switchgears with voltages above 1000 V have interlocking devices that exclude incorrect operations, then these switchings are carried out without a switching form. In their absence, operational switching is performed according to the switching form. Switching form- this is a document that indicates the beginning of the switching, the sequence of operations for turning off and on the devices of a part of electrical installations, the end of the switching and the names of the workers responsible for these operations.

Power and instrument transformers are switched off starting from the lowest load voltage in order to avoid reverse transformation.

All switching actions of the operating personnel are carried out in compliance with safety measures: in dielectric gloves, standing on an insulating mat, stand or in boots. Portable grounding is also installed in dielectric gloves. In installations with voltages above 1000 V, grounding is carried out in dielectric gloves, after disconnecting the disconnectors. All actions of operational and dispatching personnel on switching are reflected in the operational log. Duty personnel are obliged to conduct rounds and inspections of the electrical equipment of substations and switchgear during their duty. They are carried out according to a schedule and in accordance with local regulations. Tours and inspections are carried out both during the day and at night.

Operational maintenance of electrical installations can be carried out both by local operational and repair workers, to whom this electrical installation is assigned, and by field workers, to whom a group of electrical installations is assigned.

Operational maintenance of electrical installations is allowed for employees who know operational schemes, job descriptions and operating instructions, labor protection instructions, equipment features and have been trained, duplicated and tested knowledge of these rules and PTE.

Operational workers who serve electrical installations alone, and those senior operational workers in a shift or team who are assigned to electrical installations, must have an electrical safety group IV in electrical installations with a voltage of more than 1000 V and III - in electrical installations with a voltage of up to 1000 V.

Operational workers work according to the schedule approved by the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the enterprise or structural unit.

Operational workers who take up duty must accept the shift from the previous duty officer, hand over the shift to the next duty officer in accordance with the schedule.

Termination of duty without the delivery of the shift is prohibited. In exceptional cases, leaving the workplace is permissible with the permission of an operational employee of a higher position (dispatcher).

When accepting a shift, the operational employee must:

Familiarize yourself with the scheme, condition and mode of operation of the equipment at your site by personal inspection and viewing dispatch logs in the amount established by the instructions;

Obtain from the dispatcher who hands over the shift information about the condition of the equipment, which must be carefully monitored to prevent accidents and malfunctions, as well as the condition of the equipment that is under repair or in reserve;

Check and accept tools, materials, room keys, protective equipment, operational documentation and instructions;

Familiarize yourself with all the records and orders for the time, from his last duty;

To formalize the acceptance of the change by an entry in the journal, statement, as well as in the operational scheme with his own signature and the signature of the employee who submits it;

Report to the shift supervisor about the beginning of the shift and about the problems discovered during the shift acceptance. It is prohibited to accept and hand over a shift directly during the liquidation of the accident, the performance of switching or operations to turn the equipment on and off.

During a long liquidation of an accident, the shift is handed over with the permission of the person responsible for the electrical equipment or the dispatcher on duty.

It is forbidden to accept and hand over a shift in cases where the workplaces are not cleaned at the site that is being serviced, the equipment is contaminated.

Acceptance of a shift when the equipment is faulty or there is a deviation from the normal mode of its operation is allowed only with the permission of the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the enterprise, or a top-level operational worker, about which an entry is made in the operational log.

Operational workers during their duty are responsible for the correct maintenance and trouble-free operation of all equipment in the area assigned to them. The senior operative in the shift, either alone or together with the administration of the enterprise (workshop, site) must fulfill the reasonable requirements of the employees of the energy supply organization.

The senior operative in the shift is obliged to immediately inform the dispatcher of the energy supply organization about an accident that resulted in the disconnection of one or more power lines that feed the enterprise.

The list of employees who have the right to conduct operational negotiations with the energy supply organization is determined by the person responsible for the electrical facilities, approved by the head, agrees with the State Supervision Service of Labor and transferred to the appropriate operational service of the energy supply organization.

In the event of a violation of the operating mode, damage or accident of electrical equipment, the operational worker is obliged to immediately take measures to restore the normal operating mode scheme and report what happened directly to the senior worker in the shift (dispatcher) and the person responsible for electrical facilities.

In case of incorrect actions of operational workers during the elimination of the accident, the senior officer in the shift (dispatcher) is obliged to assume leadership and responsibility for the further course of the elimination of the accident.

Operational workers must conduct rounds and inspections of equipment and production facilities in the area assigned to it.

Inspection of electrical installations can be carried out alone:

Administrative and technical worker with group V in electrical installations over 1000 V and with group IV - in electrical installations up to 1000 V;

An operational worker who maintains this electrical installation.

Inspection must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of these rules.

The list of administrative and technical workers who are allowed a sole inspection is established by the person responsible for the electrical facilities and approved by the head of the enterprise.

During inspection in electrical installations of more than 1000 V, it is forbidden to open the doors of rooms and cells that are not equipped with mesh fences or barriers.

The list of such premises and chambers is approved by the person responsible for electrical facilities.

In electrical installations of more than 1000 V, in which the entrance to the premises, cameras is equipped with mesh fences or barriers, during the inspection it is forbidden to open the doors of the mesh fences and penetrate the fences or barriers. It is forbidden to perform any work during the inspection of electrical installations.

Inspections, detection and elimination of faults in electrical installations without local duty workers are carried out centrally by mobile workers who supervise and work at the facility (or group of facilities). The frequency of these works is established by the person responsible for electrical facilities, depending on local conditions. The results of the examinations are recorded in the operational log.

Employees who do not service this electrical installation are allowed to review with the permission of the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the enterprise, workshop, site. The doors of electrical installations (boards, assemblies, etc.) must be permanently closed.

Each room must have at least two sets of keys, one of which is a spare. The keys to the rooms of the switchgear should not fit the doors of closets and cells. The keys must be numbered and kept by operational or administrative and technical workers.

Keys should be issued against receipt:

During the inspection, employees who are allowed a one-man inspection, and operational and repair workers, including those who are not on a shift, during their work in electrical installations according to an order or order;

For the duration of the work, according to the order or by order - the head of the work, the permitter or the supervisor.

Keys must be returned daily after the end of the shift.

During the performance of work in electrical installations without local operational workers, the keys must be returned no later than the next day after the completion of the work.

Personal keys to enter the premises are allowed only for operational workers who accept and hand over the shift by phone. In the premises of electrical installations, it is prohibited to store materials and tools that are not related to this electrical installation.

Operational maintenance of electrical installations- this is a set of works to maintain the required mode of operation of the electrical installation; production of switching, inspections of equipment; preparation for the production of repairs (preparation of the workplace, admission); maintenance of equipment provided for by the job and production instructions of the operational personnel.

In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, employees from among the personnel who solely serve electrical installations, or shift supervisors, must have electrical safety group IV, the rest of the workers in the shift - group III. In electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V, employees from among the operating personnel serving electrical installations must have group III.

Operational maintenance can be carried out both by local personnel assigned to the electrical installation, and by field personnel, to whom a group of electrical installations that have been trained and tested knowledge is assigned.

Rules for performing artificial respiration and indirect heart massage.

Artificial respiration carried out in cases where the victim does not breathe or breathes very badly (rarely, convulsively, as if with a sob), and also if his breathing is constantly deteriorating.

The most effective method of artificial respiration is the "mouth-to-mouth" or "mouth-to-nose" method, which is based on the method of blowing air forcibly into the victim's airways.

Pinch the nose, grab the chin, tilt the victim's head back and exhale as much as possible into his mouth (preferably through gauze, a napkin or a mouth-to-mouth mask).

If carrying out artificial respiration by the mouth-to-mouth method poses a threat to the life and health of the rescuer (poisoning with poisonous gases or infection), then you can limit yourself to only conducting an indirect heart massage.

Indirect cardiac massage do a sharp pressure with both hands on the middle part of the chest (about two ribs above the end of the chest), with one hand placed on the other. When pressing, the arms should be straightened at the elbow joints. Place the palm on the chest with the thumb pointing towards the rescuer. The frequency of pressing 50-80 times per minute. The depth of chest penetration should be at least 3-4 cm.

In one minute, at least 60 pressures and 12 blows must be done, i.e. perform 72 manipulations, so the pace of resuscitation should be high. Experience shows that the greatest amount of time is lost when performing artificial respiration. You can not delay the blowing, as soon as the chest of the victim has expanded, the blowing is stopped.

The optimal ratio of chest compressions to mechanical ventilation breaths is 30:2, regardless of the number of resuscitation participants.

Perform a resuscitation complex:

Or before the appearance of independent cardiac activity;

Either before the arrival of medical workers;

Or until signs of biological death appear.

Ticket number 20-III

1. Organization of work by order in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V.

The order is of a one-time nature, its validity period is determined by the duration of the working day of the executors. If it is necessary to continue work, if the working conditions or the composition of the team change, the order must be given again.

During breaks in work during the day, re-admission is carried out by the manufacturer of the work.

The order to work is given to the producer of the work and the permitter. In cases where there is no local operational staff, the order may be given to the direct worker performing the work.

Work performed under an order may, at the discretion of the employee issuing the order, be carried out in parallel.

Admission to work by order must be issued in the Journal of accounting for work on orders and orders of the established form.

In electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V, it is allowed to carry out the following works by order:

Work on the busbars of the switchgear and on connections through which voltage can be applied to the busbars;

On overhead lines using lifting mechanisms;

Works on the maintenance of the network of outdoor lighting.

In electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V, located in premises (except for especially dangerous premises), an employee who has group III and the right to be a work supervisor can work alone.

By order, single-handed cleaning of ZRU corridors and electrical rooms with electrical equipment with voltage up to and above 1000 V, where live parts are fenced, can be performed by an employee with group II. Cleaning in the outdoor switchgear can be performed by one employee with group III.

In rooms with separately installed switchboards (points) with a voltage of up to 1000 V, one worker with group I can perform cleaning.