The new service will provide an opportunity to order cargo transportation at two rates. It will also be possible to use the service of a loader. The first tariff allows you to order a passenger car (Citroen Berlingo and Lada Largus) with a cargo compartment with a total carrying capacity of not more than 1 ton. The second tariff includes small-tonnage vans with a carrying capacity of up to 3.5 tons, for example, Citroen Jumper and GAZelle NEXT. The cars will be no older than 2008, Kommersant reports.
Also, customers will be able to order transport with loaders, but if the driver works alone, he will not receive such orders. Yandex.Taxi promises "special bonuses for some partners and drivers" who subscribe to the new tariff.
Bird belongs to the order of passeriformes, the family of larks. On the territory of Russia there are 14 species of larks, of which the field, forest, crested and black larks are the most common. Larks prefer to settle in open spaces: in fields, steppes, dry tundras, high mountain meadows and forest clearings.
At lark rather long and wide wings. The legs of the birds are small, with a large hind nail. The color of the plumage depends on the type of bird, but these are mostly discreet colors. The forearm on the back has flaps that, when connected, do not form a pointed angle.
Bird nests are open. They are located mainly on the ground. Larks are famous for their beautiful singing, which fills the fields and forests in spring and summer. While singing, birds use fluttering flight. Larks eat seeds and insects.
lark field is a small bird, about the size of a sparrow, but has longer wings. Its length is 18 cm, weight - 40 grams. The color of the plumage is dominated by grayish, yellowish and brown colors. The tail of the bird is darker than the body. Thanks to this coloring, the bird becomes invisible against the background of grass and brown earth. The nail on the rear finger of the bird is shaped like a small spur. Males are slightly larger than females.
In Russia, the lark is found in the temperate zone. These birds are usually located in open areas (fields, salt marshes), where there is a large amount of forbs. On the territory of the forest zone, larks live on hills and sea coasts. Sometimes they are found in the tundra zone. In winter, larks leave the territory of Russia, going to warm countries located in the south of Eurasia. In early spring, these birds return to Russia again. The males arrive first.
Everyone's song male individual. Birds sing, rising high above the ground or settling on a small stone. Having occupied a certain territory, the males strictly monitor that rivals do not appear on it. Larks are monogamous birds, i.e. create pairs with only one female. At a time when the male is actively singing his songs, the female is looking for a suitable place to locate the nest. It may be a shallow hole or bump. Having made a cup-shaped nest, she makes bedding from hair found on the ground. The female lays 5-6 eggs. Their color can vary from reddish white to yellowish green. Larks incubate their eggs very responsibly without leaving their nest.
even when there is a person nearby. They fly away from the nest only after making sure that they are noticed. The bird carefully thinks its way back. At first, it is located somewhere nearby, and after small movements it returns to the nest.
In order to keep a lark in captivity, you need to make a lot of effort and carefully monitor the diet, otherwise the larks stop singing. You can feed the bird with grain mixtures, including millet, oatmeal, canary grass, rapeseed, colza, lettuce, flax, crushed hemp and sunflower, as well as field grass seeds. To such mixtures, it is necessary to add grated carrots with cracker crumbs, finely chopped chicken eggs, cottage cheese.
At the very beginning, when the bird is just caught, it needs to be given flour worms and white bread with the addition of milk, while grain feed must be present in the bird's diet. Gradually, the bird must be transferred to soft food, not excluding flour worms from the diet. With proper care of the lark, the bird lives up to 10 years, and the duration of its singing is 9 months a year. In August, during the molt, the larks stop singing.
In the vicinity of the Syrdarya and Amudarya rivers, there is a small field lark, which in appearance is similar to a field lark, but has a very small body. The singing of these two species is also similar, but the Lesser Steppe Lark has fewer knees.
lark forest in appearance is close to the field, but slightly smaller than it. For the nesting period, they fly to the territory of Russia, settling in the central European part and in the Caucasus. Larks prefer to settle on the edges of the forest, glades, in clearings. Their behavior is very different from other larks. The forest lark is very often located on the crown of a tree, quickly moving along the ground. While singing, he sits on a tree branch, located quite high. He makes his nest at the bases of trees, under bushes or near stumps. The song of the forest lark is quiet, but quite beautiful, reminiscent of a combination of sounds “yuli-yuli”. Because of such a song, this bird was popularly called the spinning top.
The black lark outwardly differs from other larks. Its body length is about 20 cm and weighs 60 grams. The lark has a large and powerful beak. The color of males consists mainly of black flowers, in some places white feathers are visible. The black color of the bird is emphasized by black legs and dark eyes. The plumage of the female in the upper part of the body has a blackish-brown color, and the abdomen is grayish-white. In young individuals, the color is almost the same as the color of females.
lark endemic to Russia, that is, it lives only on the territory of our country. In other countries, this lark is rare. He prefers to settle in the steppes, semi-deserts and salt marshes of the lower reaches of the Volga. Larks are mainly sedentary, but with a large amount of snow, they begin to fly to territories located to the south. They leave the limits of their nesting, flying to Central Asia, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia and the southern part of Ukraine.
Keeping song and ornamental birds is one of the oldest traditions of our people, who could not imagine their existence in isolation from their native nature. A siskin, a carduelis, a lark, a canary or other feathered pet could have long been seen both in the chopped hut of a rural "poultry house" and in an amateur's city apartment. Some preferred to keep domestic songbirds, others - exotic weavers or parrots. A special clan of bird lovers is made up of canaries, who breed, improve and create wonderful breeds of song and ornamental birds, including colored, figured and even giant ones.
Of the many songbirds, only a few species are recognized as pets. And this is not accidental, since it is the species characteristics that determine their livability at home, the ability to be content with a limited set of feed, tameness, and singing.
Most hobbyists prefer to keep birds from the granivorous group, which are fed with mixtures of various seeds. This group includes siskins, goldfinches, finches, buntings, bullfinches, crossbills and other small birds with thick strong beaks adapted for peeling seeds.
The content of thin-billed insectivorous birds - nightingales, robins, warblers and others is more difficult. They need ant pupae, mealworms, hydrated, perishable feed mixtures, and careful, skillful care. Inexperienced and very busy people who cannot provide two meals a day for their pets with a complex and sometimes inaccessible diet should not get birds of this group.
Practical advice. A bird cage must be purchased in advance and taking into account the characteristics of its future inhabitants. Canaries, weavers and calm, trusting domestic birds-siskins, goldfinches, bullfinches are kept in cages with metal bars. For shy and fragile insectivorous pets, a wooden cage with bamboo rods is needed. Parrots should be placed in solid metal cages, as these birds destroy wooden parts. And larks and quails, which flutter sharply at the slightest fright, are kept in cages with wooden rods and a soft fabric ceiling, to which feeders and drinkers are hung outside. The height of the pull-out box feeder should not exceed 1.5 cm, otherwise the birds may fly out of the cage when changing food. The size of the cage should be sufficient so that the bird, jumping from perch to perch, flutters its wings slightly. Cells should be placed along the wall near the window. Water is given to the birds in automatic drinking bowls or in hanging baths made of glass. Plastic drinkers and bathing bowls are worse, as the water in them deteriorates faster.
Bought or caught birds are brought home in small portable cages covered with cloth, in cardboard boxes or in light fabric bags (for short-term transportation).
A cage with an incredulous bird at first is covered on all sides with a light cloth. Gradually, the veil is slightly opened, but from the side of the window - the last thing, since a frightened bird usually shied away into the light.
Birds absolutely cannot stand starvation, so their feeding is the main concern of the fancier. The feed should be in the feeders all the time, but each single portion must be calculated so that by the next feed the bird has eaten not only the most delicious, but also the main part of the diet.
For most granivorous birds, millet, colza, rapeseed, oatmeal, canary seed, lettuce, camelina, and chumiza serve as the basis of nutrition. They can be given in excess, there will be no harm. Fatty seeds of spruce, pine, crushed sunflower, broken pine nuts are also included in the mixtures, but these tasty foods taken together should not exceed 30% of the diet in order to avoid obesity of birds. Almost all granivorous people are very fond of hemp, but its excess is harmful, since hemp seeds contain not only a lot of fat, but also alkaloids that disrupt normal metabolism. One bird the size of a goldfinch is given about a teaspoon of the grain mixture per feeding.
Sources of vitamins for birds are dandelion greens, lettuce, clover, mokrichnik, goose grass, yarrow, as well as fruits, cabbage, germinated oats, wheat, sunflower and peas; carrots and turnips are fed grated. Many birds willingly eat various garden berries, blueberries, lingonberries, elderberries, deren, mountain ash. Thrushes and waxwings swallow mountain ash whole, siskins, bullfinches and smurfs eat out only seeds.
Unpretentious indoor birds
The most popular of the feathered inhabitants of living corners. As a rule, already from the first days he ceases to be shy and soon becomes completely tame. Male siskins sing throughout the year, excluding periods of molting. They differ from non-singing females in the brightness of their greenish-yellow plumage and black cap on their heads. Usually siskins are kept one at a time, so they sing more and are better tamed. But in a large cage, these birds get along with other small birds. It happens that a couple of siskins even breed at home.
These birds are fed with a grain mixture of millet, oatmeal, seeds of conifers, crushed sunflowers and weeds, to which greens and fruits should be added.
One of the most elegant and common songbirds. At home, it gets along just as well as the siskin, although it does not get used to people so quickly. The singing of the male is sonorous, bravura. Females do not sing, as do most songbirds. They differ from males in less bright red-black plumage of the head. In the southeast of our country, there is a peculiar color form - a grey-headed goldfinch, which has no black plumage on its head.
The basis of nutrition for goldfinches in summer is dandelion seeds, ripe and semi-ripe, and in winter - burdock seeds. In the cage, these birds are fed millet with the addition of canary seed, colza, coniferous seeds, oatmeal and burdock. They also give greens, fruits, in a small number of mealworms and ant pupae.
The loud major song of the finch is heard from morning to evening in the parks and in the mixed woodlands of the middle lane, and the indoor singer easily covers all street noises with his voice. And yet his song does not seem too loud or intrusive, although he repeats it hundreds of times a day. Male finches differ from non-singing females in the bluish plumage of the head, neck, and brightness of the outfit. Fans of tame, trusting birds choose finches not only by song, but also by their liking, since not all of them get used to humans, many retain their natural wildness for years.
The diet of these birds is coniferous seeds, millet, canary seed, greens, and some flour worms.
Repolov, or linnet. This bird has a modest brown-gray plumage, which in spring and summer is decorated with a reddish bloom on the chest in males. Repolov's singing is of moderate strength, but quite sonorous and varied: amateurs especially appreciate the voices of a delicate silvery timbre. At home, repolov get along worse than the previous species, differing in timidity and high demands on feed.
The grain mixture for repolov should include, in addition to millet, seeds of lettuce, dandelion, quinoa, meadow grasses and other wild plants. Birds that have molted in a cage lose their reddish-brown breast plumage.
Our winter guests
One of the best singers of the winter forest. It is about the size of a starling, but more dense and stocky. The adult male is dressed in bright red, sometimes even crimson plumage, while females and young are greenish-gray. In a cage, the squirrels master in a matter of hours and easily get used to a person. The singing of the shur when he goes, as lovers say, "in the swing", resembles the melodic whistles of the forest lark-yula. This is the same "yuli ... yuli ... yuli", but much more powerful and lower in tone. And in the off-season, the bird quietly emits endless chirping trills of a silvery timbre.
The main food of the schur is rowan and juniper berries, sunflower, oatmeal, coniferous seeds, broken pine nuts, greens, apples and carrots; it is useful to give little by little flour worms and ant pupae. Birds kept on monotonous grain feed become dirty gray or orange-yellow when they molt.
One of the beautiful, trusting and unpretentious birds of our region. The song of the bullfinch is soft melancholy whistles, but some individuals diversify it with borrowed knees from the songs of thrushes, robins and other birds. The pre-revolutionary "poultry farmers" even had a kind of craft - teaching young bullfinches to sing other birds or whistle certain melodies. Bullfinches easily get used to a person. Often these birds are kept in pairs, as they love the company of their relatives and sometimes even breed in room conditions.
The main food for bullfinches is millet, oatmeal, small or crushed sunflower, seeds of coniferous trees, berries of mountain ash, juniper, greens and buds of woody plants.
Tiny, half the size of a sparrow, a gray pichuga with a carmine-red forehead and a pink, in males, breast. Tap-dancing birds nest in the tundra, forest-tundra and northern taiga; in the middle lane, these birds appear in flocks during the first winter and keep until spring, feeding on the seeds of alder, birch, quinoa and other weeds. The chirping and low roll call of the tap dances can only be conditionally called singing, but young birders often give birth to these birds, captivated by their dexterity, mobility and trusting disposition.
The main food for tap dances is millet, canary seed, seeds of spruce, pine, alder, birch, weeds and meadow grasses.
Crossbills. In terms of structure, size and plumage, they are similar to schura, but they have a peculiar arrangement of beaks - their ends cross, which is very convenient when shelling seeds from spruce cones. Crossbills singing is a loud chirping and melodic whistles. It is different for different individuals. Three types of crossbills live in our country: spruce, pine and white-winged. The largest and loudest is the pine tree; the white-winged one is smaller, smarter than the others, and his voice is softer. Crossbills get used to humans well, sing a lot and live in captivity for a long time, however, having molted in cellular conditions, they lose the brightness of their natural attire.
The main food of these birds is the seeds of coniferous trees, sunflowers, broken pine nuts, greens.
Illustrious Vocalists
Grain-eating birds are considered by amateurs to be middle-class singers, and among the recognized vocalists they name the songbird and blackbird, nightingale, garden warbler, blackhead warbler, field and forest larks. Fans of one species or another do not get tired of arguing about which of the birds is better, although this is determined more by the personal tastes of lovers and the individual merits of the singers.
Keeping insectivorous birds is not easy. A caught bird needs live moving food - tame worms, because it has never seen either a surrogate mixture that is fed to "sitting" singers, or even ant pupae. Birds are gradually accustomed to these substitutes for insects; after the captives begin to eat worms, they are added in cut form to artificial feed, which will later become the basis of the diet.
A mixture for feeding insectivorous birds is made from grated carrots (medium grater for cheese) with the addition of breadcrumbs, cottage cheese, crushed sunflower seeds, hamarus, crushed hemp, chopped or grated hard-boiled chicken eggs, dry or better fresh ant pupae. The ratio of these components is determined by the species and individual characteristics of pets. Carrots should make up about half of the mixture by volume, then the dry ingredients, absorbing carrot juice, become more attractive to birds. The consistency of the mixture is made loose, crumbly so that it does not stick to the hands and beaks. A substitute for carrots can be turnips or dandelion greens scrolled through a meat grinder. It is useful to add the latter to the mixture a little in chopped form, and in winter replace it with a pinch of herbal flour. If the cottage cheese is sour, it is boiled, stirring, in boiling water, thrown back on gauze, and only then added to the mixture. At the same time, you can scald and hamarus.
Insectivorous birds should also be given mealworms daily, at least 5-10 pieces per day, increasing this portion during periods of molting and intense singing. Birds should be fed 2-3 times a day, making sure that they always have fresh food.
Thrushes. Of this large group of birds, songbirds and blackbirds are most often kept by hobbyists. Song thrushes are distinguished by the variety and complexity of trills, and the singing of their black counterparts is captivating with a flutey, melancholy sound. The voices of these birds are characterized by strength combined with softness, melodiousness; separate tribes of the song are reproduced by thrushes with pauses, and each of them sounds like a kind of chord.
Thrushes are distrustful and shy birds. They should be kept in large (70 x 30 x 40 cm) wooden cages with bamboo rods and deep (for easy cleaning) pallets. It is better to give food and water in a hanging feeder and a bathing place. These birds need regular bathing and sunlight.
From spring to late autumn, cages with thrushes are best kept on the balcony, but in hot weather, part of the cage should be shaded. Birds kept out of the room until November, and then taken into a dwelling with extended daylight hours, sing already in early December and delight the lover with their trills throughout the winter.
Thrushes are quite voracious, but they are easier to feed than small insectivorous birds. They willingly eat not only the usual food of thin-billed birds, but also berries of mountain ash, elderberry, derain, bird cherry, horticultural crops, apples, earthworms, slugs and naked caterpillars.
Nightingales. Probably, each of us listened to the singing of the nightingales, rejoicing in it, as a kind of life-affirming anthem of spring. But the inveterate nightingale harriers, who take on the troublesome care of these tender birds, approach their singing abilities differently. For such lovers, there are no two identical singers. They distinguish many knees in a nightingale song, evaluate their performance by a set of trills and whistles, by their sound, sequence. A connoisseur of nightingale singing will listen to dozens of birds, choosing a pet for himself. And when he gets the desired singer, he surrounds him with vigilant care, because only under this condition will the bird take root in the house and begin to delight the lover with its trills.
The most popular among amateurs are two types of nightingales - eastern and western (southern). Outwardly, they are very similar, and only an experienced eye will distinguish the southern nightingale from the eastern one by a lightish tone of color and a peculiar manner of holding on. The main difference between these species is their singing. The song of the eastern nightingale is sonorous, solemn, with separate performance of knees. The western nightingale performs its trills together, there are fewer flute and whistle knees in its singing, but more "little things", that is, a variety of chirping, and its voice is not so powerful.
They catch nightingales only in the first days of spring arrival. At first, they are fed with mealworms and fresh ant pupae, and kept in a cage with wooden rods, covered with a light-colored cloth. With this content, the bird sings already in the first days and sings until July. After that, many release their spring pets. The birds left for the winter in the fall begin to be fed with a surrogate carrot mixture, gradually replacing the ant "eggs" with it.
This bird is deservedly considered one of the best singers of the light mixed forest and bush thickets. Fans appreciate her not only for her sonorous singing, but also for the fact that for most of the year Chernogolovka can be fed with berries of elderberry, derain, currant, bird cherry, blueberries and others. When these fresh delicacies are not available, the bird is content with dried elderberry, apple slices, a surrogate carrot mixture with the addition of flour worms.
Only males sing, distinguished from brown-headed females and juveniles by a black cap on their heads. Other types of warblers are inferior to Chernogolovka in singing, and most importantly, the ability to get along at home.
The voice of this small grayish-green pichuga is most often heard from thickets of nettles, raspberries, currants, and even just in weeds. The bird performs its long melodious song in a nightingale manner, but in more gentle tones. And in terms of a variety of trills, good singers of this species, perhaps, have no equal, since these are mockingbirds. They whimsically include borrowed knees in their singing, which they give their own sound.
Reed warblers are planted only by experienced lovers, since these birds hardly get used to humans and need natural animal feed (meal worms, fresh ant pupae). They are kept only in the spring-summer period, since most of the birds left for the winter suffer from metabolic disorders and cannot shed normally in cellular conditions.
Larks. Who has not heard the silver trills of these birds, ringing over the expanses of fields and meadows! It turns out that at home, larks get along well, delighting their caregivers with singing and excellent health. However, keeping them is not easy. For these birds, special cages are required, on the pallets of which a thick layer of river sand is poured (for swimming), and as a perch, instead of perches, a piece of turf or a wooden chock is placed. Special care is required for the care of the paws of larks; they should be regularly inspected and, if contaminated, carefully washed with warm water. These birds are shy and require very careful handling.
Only males sing at larks, which arrive from wintering grounds a few days earlier than females. It is on these days that they are caught for indoor keeping. Caught birds sing in the very first days, their trills sound before the start of molting (July-August), molted birds sing again in November-December.
The larks are fed with a grain mixture of millet, weed seeds and crushed seeds of cereal crops. Natural animal feed must be added to this feed, increasing their rate during periods of intense singing and molting.
Of the fourteen species of larks found in our country, amateurs most often keep four.
It is one of the favorite and most common birds of this genus. , or spinning top, smaller and lighter than field. An inhabitant of forest edges and bushy plateaus, he often sits on branches, and in cellular conditions on perches. His singing is gentle, melodic, with a characteristic flute knee "Yuli ... Yuli ... Yuli ...". The forest lark is more demanding on food than other types of larks, so it is necessary to include more animal feed in its diet.
Significantly larger than the field one, its song is somewhat harsh, but it includes many knees borrowed from the songs of other birds. He is unpretentious and very quickly gets used to the person.
Dzhurbai, or steppe lark, slightly more massive crested. He is distinguished by a complex, varied song and a voice of such power that it is almost impossible to talk in a room while he sings. Residents of the Central Asian republics and Italians consider the dzhurbay one of the best singers, however, bird lovers living in the middle lane speak of him more restrainedly and prefer to keep this bird in an outdoor aviary or on a balcony.
Singers not so famous, but famous
Bluethroat, robin, willow warbler, Muscovite tit and wren are classified by connoisseurs and fans of songbirds as second-rate singers, but nevertheless they are kept at home. All these birds are fragile insectivores that require careful care and a complex diet.
Birds of this species captivate with their exotic appearance, besides, each of them is also a bright personality. The hue of the azure-blue "apron", the size and color of the breast spot in different individuals are not the same, but their singing is even more diverse, in which bluethroats include the voices of tits, nightingale calls, melancholy whistles of waders, silvery "yuli ... yuli ..." forest lark and many other sounds. Each bird performs this improvisation in a special manner, giving it a unique sound.
The herald of the morning is called the red-breasted pichuga, which wakes the forest with a silvery trill long before dawn. Most robins are surprisingly gullible birds and already in the first days of captivity they begin to take mealworms from the hands. They sing from the touching spring to the autumn molt, and when they molt, they sing again, but already in winter - in an undertone. Robins, like bluethroats and warblers, are very quarrelsome in relation to birds of their own species, but in relation to chicks, both their own and others, they show touching care, feed them and, if possible, warm them.
It is the only warbler among numerous kinds that has received a permanent "registration" in the living corners of experienced amateurs. The willow song is a hasty, very melodic trill, somewhat reminiscent of the trill of a chaffinch, but more gentle.
These birds are gullible and easily get used to humans. Released from the cage into the room, they examine indoor flowers, hunt flies on the fly, amusingly clicking their beaks, sing a lot and literally stick to a person, begging for mealworms.
The only one of the twelve species of tits that can be included in the list of recognized pets. The voices of Muscovites are not loud, melodic, the singing of the best birds is quite diverse. Tits should be fed in the same way as insectivorous birds, with the addition of pine seeds, spruce, crushed hemp and sunflowers, broken pine nuts to their diet.
One of the smallest birds in our country. "King of fences" is sometimes called her for her gravitation towards weeds near the hedges, for her nimbleness, daringly upturned tail and for her surprisingly sonorous song, which is sometimes heard even in winter. After all, wrens do not fly away from us in the fall, but only migrate a little to the south, lingering near non-freezing springs, streams and forest rivers.
The cage for this bird needs a spacious one (50 x 20 x 30 cm), the distance between the bars should not be more than 10 mm. A small hollow should be placed inside the cage, and a thick layer of sand should be poured onto the pallet. The wren loves to swim very much, but after water procedures it also takes sand baths. Wrens are fed in the same way as other insectivorous birds.
canaries
The canary, one of the few fully domesticated birds, is bred by amateurs on all continents of the world. The wild ancestors of canaries did not differ in a variety of shapes, colors and singing. Their plumage resembled in color the plumage of a siskin or greenfinch, and the melodic song was more monotonous and shorter. Fans of different countries have been breeding canaries in accordance with their tastes. The British managed to bring out varieties of original shapes and colors, for example, "humped", orange-red with dark green wings (Norwic), giant Manchester. German amateurs created the famous Harz, or Tyrolean, canaries with a peculiar song that echoes Tyrolean folk music. This melody is called the pipe chant, since the singers were originally taught with the help of various organ pipes, whistles and pipes.
In Russia, the breeding of canaries has become a favorite entertainment and help for Tula artisans, artisans from the city of Pavlov on the Oka, and workers from Kaluga linen factories. Yesterday's peasants, cut off from their native fields, wanted the indoor singer to remind them of their native nature. And they achieved this, they brought out a canary with a peculiar "oatmeal" tune, which includes in its song the melancholy trills of oatmeal, sonorous fervent knees of tits, flute whistles of sandpipers, silvery overflows of forest lark and other domestic birds. The Russian canary should have the largest possible set of diverse knees of the song, connected by smooth transitions. The slightest blot in singing, a sharp cry that breaks the melody, devalues the bird in the eyes of connoisseurs who lovingly improve this wonderful breed.
Keeping and breeding canaries. Singing males (females do not sing) are kept alone in small cages (35 x 20 x 25 cm), and cages twice as large are used for breeding and group keeping. In the spring, cages with producers are placed or hung close to each other. Noticing that the birds begin to show mutual interest - the male sings loudly, and the female grabs feathers or straws in her beak - you can try to connect a couple in a cage, inside of which a nest-basket made of twine is suspended. Birds will put the nesting material (feathers and straws) in the basket themselves, picking up cages from the floor. Usually, after 5-7 days, the female begins to lay eggs, from which blind naked chicks hatch on the 13th day. After half a month, they already leave the nest, although they need the care of their parents up to 30 days of age.
Adult canaries are fed mainly with a grain mixture consisting of millet, rapeseed, colza, oatmeal, canary seed, crushed sunflower. Periodically (2-3 times a week), the birds are given soft food - a mixture of grated carrots, a hard-boiled chicken egg and crushed crackers, as well as greens or apple slices. During the nesting period, these feeds are given daily. The diet can be supplemented with steep cereals, white bread soaked in milk, eggshells.
exotic birds
Weavers. They got their name for the peculiar art of building nests, which are made in the form of hanging balls or hammocks from leaves fastened with plant fibers. Some of these birds build ball nests in hollows, under eaves, or in tree branches. Many weavers are distinguished by the richness of plumage, a variety of shapes and sizes. Small weavers are usually divided into two groups - thick-billed, they are called finches, and thin-billed, called astrilds. Both are predominantly granivorous birds and it is not difficult to feed them in cage conditions.
Most small weavers have a low murmuring voice. Some species, such as black-headed and white-headed munias, perform their songs in a range of sounds inaccessible to human hearing, and one can only guess what they sing, noticing the trembling throat of the singer and his characteristic current "dance" on the perch. Of the species brought to our country, the best singers can be called tiger starfish and gouldian finches.
Some of the weavers have become domestic birds, and artificially bred breeds have been obtained from their original forms. At first, Japanese finches were domesticated, which have been bred in cages for several hundred years, and later - smart zebras, from which fawn, white and variegated forms are derived. Red-billed bluish-gray drawings also became pets, the ancestors of snow-white birds. In addition to the mentioned weavers, amateurs keep and breed sharp-tailed, red-throated, scaly and reed finches, several species of related munias, tiny amaranths, red-eared, gray, orange-cheeked, golden-breasted and other astrilds. Representatives of the last five species are so small that they can easily penetrate between the bars of ordinary canary cages, so they have to be kept in cages with a distance between the bars of no more than 10 mm.
Feeding weavers is easy. Their favorite food is a grain mixture, which is based on millet (preferably with a light skin), mogar, chumiza, canary seed, lettuce seeds, dandelion seeds and greens are added to it. In addition, they are periodically given soft food, like canaries.
Weavers are bred mainly in enclosures or in cages similar to canaries. These birds nest in hollows or nest boxes with slotted holes. Dry blades of grass and feathers are used as bedding. Incubation lasts about two weeks, feeding the chicks - about a month. During the nesting and rearing period, amandines need to be given soft egg food daily, and astrilds, in addition, need ant pupae and flour worms.
One of the brightest representatives of the group of finches is fire weavers. It was believed that these wonderful birds are not bred at home. However, in 1976, Moscow lover V. I. Morozov managed for the first time in our country to get offspring of fiery weavers, who laid eggs and nursed chicks in a canary nest-basket.
The appearance and sonorous singing, reminiscent of the flute knees of the Chernogolovka, make this bird, originally from India, an adornment of a living corner. The Chinese nightingale (also called the solar bird) is especially good in a large aviary, since in a small room it does not fully reveal its behavioral characteristics. Solar birds are also bred in aviaries. When selecting pairs, males are distinguished by singing (it is unusual for females). For nesting in the corner of the enclosure, decorated with plants, they strengthen the nest-basket; Nesting material (shreds of hay, feathers, linen tow) is dragged into the nest by the birds themselves.
The female lays 3-5 eggs and incubates them for 12 days. For the successful rearing of chicks, a calm environment and natural animal feed are necessary. Adult birds are fed in the same way as thrushes.
The birthplace of this bird is India; Indochina, Sri Lanka and adjacent islands. Considered one of the best singers, his song is sonorous, flute, with the inclusion of knees borrowed from the songs of other birds. Both males and females sing. Feeding and breeding are similar to those of the Chinese nightingale.
In appearance, liveliness and trusting disposition, it resembles our siskins, but sings much better. The song of this reel consists of a set of major stanzas, sonorous and varied.
Finches are easily bred in cages, but for this, a basket nest should be placed there. When selecting pairs, it is necessary to take into account the individual inclinations of the producers, for which they are marked with colored rings and released into a large room, for example, into a room, and they are seated in cages after being paired. Eggs in an artificial nest lie almost without litter, but as a stimulant" family life"in the cage, you need to strengthen the disheveled end of the hemp rope, from which the birds pull fibers for the symbolic lining of the nesting tray.
These birds are fed with millet, canary seed, lettuce seeds, dandelion seeds, meadow grasses, they also give soft canary food and flour worms; when feeding chicks, it is desirable to give fresh ant pupae.
In appearance, behavior and nutrition, it is close to the previous species, but the voice data is much more modest, so the name "song" is hardly justified. Males are quite aggressive towards each other, and sometimes towards other birds. Food and breeding conditions are the same as for the Mozambique finches.
The smallest of the pigeons, growing from a starling, its homeland is Australia. The male has a pleasant voice, reminiscent of the distant cooing of cranes; differs from the female in wide brightly colored eyelids. Turtle doves are fed with a mixture of various seeds, the basis of which is millet. Nests are arranged in baskets woven from twine.
Homeland - India, South China, Sri Lanka. This is the smallest and one of the most elegant representatives of chicken birds. The painted male differs sharply from the modestly colored female. Unlike other quails, these birds live in pairs. You need to introduce the producers in a large room or in a cage with a removable partition, as the females are aggressive and, it happens, clog their "suitors".
The voices of quails are quiet, pleasant timbre. Bribes from these birds are the chivalrous behavior of the male, who, as a rule, offers the found food to his girlfriend and carefully guards the nest. Quail chicks are bred only in enclosures with grass and bushes; eggs are not incubated in cages. Artificially bred quails need heating. They have to be trained to peck food, imitating maternal pecking by tapping with a match near the food scattered in front of them.
Quail cages are made with a soft cloth top, a thick layer of sand is poured onto the bottom.
Quail food - millet, canary seed, poppy, soft surrogate mixture for insectivorous birds. When breeding and raising chicks, birds need natural animal feed and chopped chicken eggs.
Domestic exotics
In our country, there are the most beautiful and vociferous singers who will not yield to the most interesting tropical birds, but only a few lovers know them because of the remoteness of the habitats of these birds from the center of the country. These birds include the nightingales living in the east, and the birds of the mountains - stone thrushes, the Himalayan redstart and others.
It lives in the Caucasus, Tien Shan and Pamir. Adult males are crimson-red, females and young birds are greenish-gray. The singing of the male is sonorous, pleasant, pure, whistling tones. In a cage, these birds master quickly, they are trusting to a person. They eat millet, oatmeal, canary and flaxseed, seeds of coniferous trees, sunflowers, various berries, greens. After molting at home, males lose the red tones of their plumage.
Royal, or king, reel. A small (smaller than a sparrow) bird with brown-black plumage and a fiery red cap on its head (in adult males). It lives in the mountain forests of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Her song is long, murmuring, of silvery tones. Gets used to captivity easily, gullible. Birds are accommodating among themselves, they sing a lot even when kept in groups, but they are picky about food, especially in the first time after being caught. They prefer seeds of coniferous trees, canary seed, poppy, crushed sunflower, broken pine nuts, later they begin to eat a soft mixture for insectivorous birds.
A bird from the nightingale family, living in mountain forests and bushy meadows in the south of Central Asia. Her song is sonorous, whistling. The male sings it in a characteristic proud pose with his head and tail held high. Rednecks are fed and kept in the same way as insectivorous birds.
A bird similar to the previous species in terms of lifestyle and voice data, but its distribution area is much wider - from the Southern Urals to Kamchatka. Feeding and care are common with those of other nightingale species.
The most elegant of the nightingales, living in the southern taiga from Altai to Far East. The conditions of detention are common for nightingales.
Zoologists distinguish this nightingale in a special genus. The area of its distribution is the mountains of Central Asia. The singing of this large-legged elegant bird is less harmonious than that of the previous species, as it includes many crackling sounds. Maintenance and feeding are common for nightingales.
One of the most beautiful birds in our country. The song of the blue flycatcher is a long and varied improvisation of melodic whistles, trills and kneels borrowed from the songs of other birds. The bird performs it slowly, melodicly. Feeding and care are common to insectivorous birds.
This fabulous "bird of happiness" nests in the mountain gorges of the Tien Shan and Pamir, and in winter descends to the foothills. The behavior of the blue bird bears similarities with the behavior of thrushes and corvids. At home, she is almost omnivorous, along with the usual food of thrush birds, she eats cereals, meat, fish, as well as mice and lizards. Fans who have had to keep such a pet find it very interesting, but somewhat noisy and too big for the room.
Stone thrushes. Zoologists distinguish these thrushes in a special genus. Three species live in our country: motley, blue and forest.
The area of distribution of all representatives of the genus covers the Carpathian region, the Crimea, the Caucasus, the mountains of Central Asia, Siberia and the Far East. The beauty of plumage is combined in all species with wonderful singing - 4 - thrush sound, but more gentle, harmonious. Females also sing, but worse than males. Feeding and keeping conditions are common for all types of thrushes.
Himalayan (white-capped) redstart. It is singled out as a special genus and compares favorably with other redstarts in liveliness, demeanor, sonorous, but somewhat crackling singing. This bird lives in the Tien Shan mountains. Naturalists who kept Himalayan redstarts fed them mealworms, ant pupae, and a surrogate mixture for insectivorous birds.
parrots
Colorful plumage, the ability to imitate human speech and the peculiar habits of parrots have long attracted the attention and love of man. Along with corvids, these are the most intelligent representatives of the world of birds. In addition, they are social birds, and when kept alone, natural sociability pushes them to get closer to humans. Often this property becomes the main incentive for taming. For example, budgerigars cannot be attracted to people by any delicacy, but grown up without relatives and surrounded by people, they become completely tame and are strongly attached to their caregivers.
Zoologists know more than three hundred species of parrots. Many of them have become pets for hobbyists.
From the original form, common in Australia, a number of domestic varieties of these birds have been bred, differing in color, the presence of one or even two crests. The voice of budgerigars is a harsh murmuring trill and individual cries. For taming and learning to pronounce words, it is better to take young males who have barely learned to feed on their own. They differ from young females in that they do not have a lightish edging around the nostrils. Parrots are easily bred in cages and aviaries. The stimulus for reproduction is a nest box or nest box with a notch 5 cm in diameter and an inner chamber about 15 cm in diameter; no nest pad needed. The bottom of the nest box is not made flat, but slightly inclined towards the center so that the eggs do not roll out. Incubation lasts 17 days. The chicks do not hatch at the same time, so in one brood their age is different. However, this does not interfere with the normal feeding of young animals. Older chicks not only do not eat younger ones, but share food with them. If the breeding of birds occurs during a short daylight hours, at night the cage with parrots must be illuminated with at least a weak light from a night lamp.
The main food for budgerigars is millet with the addition of canary seed, oatmeal or oats in the stage of milky-wax ripeness, or slightly steamed in hot water. They also eat greens, carrots, chopped chicken eggs, wheat bread crumbs soaked in water or milk. During the breeding season, birds need soft protein food, which is given daily.
Nymph cockatiel, rosella, songbird and azure grass parrot. All these birds - inhabitants of the grassy forest-steppes of Australia - are systematically close to the budgerigar. They feed on the seeds of herbaceous plants, mature and in the stage of milky-wax ripeness, nest in hollows. Fans in our country began to breed them relatively recently, and they especially fell in love with the last two species, which have soft, pleasant voices. The feeding and breeding conditions of these birds are similar to those for budgerigars, but the cages and nests for them should be larger. The fact is that these birds of open spaces run a lot on the ground (the floor of the cells), for which they need a sufficient area.
Lovebirds - pink-cheeked, Fisher, mask and others. All these birds are native to Africa. At home, they easily breed in nest boxes and nest boxes, constructing original nests inside these shelters from thin twigs (it is better to give willow), bark and wood shavings. Birds carry these materials by inserting them into the feathers of the rump, back and wings. Males and females are indistinguishable in color, but the latter are slightly larger. Spawners two years old and older breed more successfully than yearling birds. An unpleasant feature of these parrots is their sharp, metallic sounding voices.
As the most intelligent, capable of taming and imitating human speech, the gray Jaco parrot is the most popular among amateurs. Excellent "talkers" are also found among various types of green Amazonian parrots. Representatives of the subfamily of the Australian crested cockatoo parrots (yellow-crested, Moluccan, pink, Inca and others) compete with these birds in beauty and abilities. Relatively small (with a jackdaw) Senegalese parrots are well tamed, but rarely pronounce more than two or three words.
"Talking" Yellow-crested cockatoo
"Talking" cockatoo inca
However, the tameness of parrots and their onomatopoeic abilities are more individual than species properties. Individuals of the most diverse species can be silent, and talkers, and even screamers, unbearable at home. Therefore, these birds should be acquired only after a preliminary acquaintance with the temperament of each of them.
In nature, most of these parrots eat the fruits and seeds of various plants, and at home they become almost omnivorous - they eat bread, fruits, berries, raw and boiled vegetables, cereals, compote, cottage cheese, boiled meat. They also love sunflowers, nuts (pine nuts, hazelnuts, walnuts), semi-ripe and boiled corn, green and soaked peas, millet, oats and other crops, especially in the stage of milky-wax ripeness.
Necklace parrots. They form a special group of wedge-tailed parrots of the Old World. The largest, smartest and, perhaps, "talkative" of them are the large and pink-breasted Alexander's parrots, which are sometimes incorrectly called Alexandrian. More often than others, fanciers keep the red-billed Kramer's necklace parrot the size of a thrush, but seeming much larger due to the long stepped tail and massive beak. Smaller than the others is an elegant plum-headed parrot. All these types of parrots are well tamed, but their imitative abilities are lower than those of the short-tailed ones. The maintenance and feeding of these birds are common with those for large parrots.,
Lori. Parrots of this subfamily are also called brush-tonguing because in most species the tip of the tongue is equipped with a brush or brush, with which birds extract pollen and nectar from flowers. At home, representatives of two species are often kept - multicolor (ladies) and yellow-backed loris. They are quite noisy birds, but are quickly tamed and some learn a lot of words. It is quite difficult to feed them, because in addition to fruits and berries, they need soft food - cereals, honey, condensed milk, and compotes in winter.
With good care, "talking" parrots live at home for decades, but rarely breed.
Sometimes parrots have an unpleasant habit of plucking their feathers, which is why these wonderful birds turn into miserable freaks. One of the reasons for this is the hopeless boredom of a mobile, enterprising bird kept in a cramped metal cage. Another reason is metabolic disorders due to lack of movement and the lack of the right set of vitamins, trace elements and proteins in the diet. To bring the bird back to normal, it needs to be given the opportunity to move more, gnaw on tree branches, swim, bask in the sun. The diet of such birds should be expanded with fresh herbs, fruits, berries, cottage cheese, hard-boiled eggs, and honey. Favorite delicacies, such as pine nuts, it is useful to lightly irrigate with fish oil.
Diurnal raptors and owls
These birds cannot be recommended for keeping in live corners for many reasons. The fact is that they are all rather sedentary, unsociable, not prone to contact with a person, they dirty a lot in the cells. But the main reason is that all these predators are useful, often rare birds, so capturing them is always undesirable. Nevertheless, animal lovers should familiarize themselves with animal care. Unfortunately, often out of ignorance, and sometimes according to the old harmful tradition, the nests of these birds are destroyed, and the birds themselves are shot and wounded, after which they have to take care of the victims ....
Remember that birds of prey swallow pieces of prey along with bones, skin, wool or feathers, and then their undigested remains are regurgitated in the form of a dense lump - pellets. This is their physiological feature, and on the muscle meat of domestic animals, birds, as a rule, quickly grow weak. A temporary replacement for natural food for predators can be internal organs- kidneys, liver, spleen of domestic animals with hairs or feathers stuck to them.
The most difficult thing to keep in captivity is small scoops and owls, which at night can hardly endure the limited space of the cage, try in vain to get out of it, hurt themselves, tear off their claws and beak tips. These birds can be saved from death by placing them in cages with wooden rods or in rooms made of burlap stretched over a light frame.
The above advice is given only for the preservation of a bird that has come into your care by accident, by misfortune. Remember that capturing and destroying these useful and rare birds is a crime!
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Larks, of which there are 40 species in the CIS, are birds of open spaces that inhabit our steppes, semi-deserts, meadows and treeless slopes of mountains and hills.
Larks- birdies, painted in most cases in dull clay-gray colors, with darker backs and with a lighter underside of the body.
For its excellent singing, the lark is one of the most beloved birds, which are often kept in cages.
Of the large number of larks that inhabit our country, let's focus on a few of the most common or interesting for their features.
It is a bird that, for its wonderful, spring singing, rushing from the bottomless blue sky, is probably known to everyone. This lark has a monochromatic ocher-brown upper body with small dark stripes on the trunks of feathers, its bottom is whitish-clay with blackish-brown mottled on the goiter and throat. The wings and tail are dark brown, with light edges on the outer webs of feathers.
The field lark is found with its subspecies throughout our country.
The only one of all representatives of this group, associated with the forest in its way of life.
Yula is about one third smaller than the field lark in size and differs from it in a darker, brown-buffy part of the body; on the trunks of the feathers of its crown, neck and back there are wide black stripes. The underside of the body is whitish with reddish cheeks, throat, goiter and chest. There is a light strip above the eyes, which is called bird-catcher's "glasses". (There is a sign among birders that the more “glasses”, the better the top sings, but, of course, this is not true.)
Yula, or forest lark, is common in the European part of our country, as well as in the Crimea, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia.
It differs from other members of the family in its relatively bright coloration; in spring, rusty-red tones predominate in males.
The white-winged lark has a rusty-red top of the head, ear coverts and rump. The back and shoulders are grey. The underside of the body is white, sometimes with a grayish tinge. Large flight feathers are brown with an admixture of white, small flight feathers are always white. The tail is blackish-brown, with white edges on the outer tail feathers. There are indistinct pale brown spots on the sides, goiter and throat.
White-winged larks are common for nesting in the steppes of Western Siberia and Kazakhstan, in autumn and winter they fly to us in the European part of our country, the Voronezh and Rostov regions. (In 1926, Prof. V.G. Geptner found nesting white-winged larks in significant numbers in the Caspian steppes of the Kizlyar region of the Stavropol Territory.)
black lark
The only one of all larks - the male of which in the spring does not have gray and brown feathers at all in his plumage. Its plumage color is completely jet black without any shine. In black larks, the beak is milky white, it very effectively sets off the black color of the bird.
The habitat of the black lark is semi-desert, saline steppes of the Trans-Volga region and Kazakhstan to Altai in the east. In winter, black larks fly into the steppe North Caucasus, Don and Turkestan.
It lives together with the snow bunting in the northern part of the tundra zone of Europe and Asia, as well as on the islands of the Arctic Ocean. Mountain subspecies of rum inhabit the ranges of the Caucasus, Altai, Tien Shan, and Kazakhstan.
In winter, flocks of rums are common birds for the entire territory of our Union, they are found in the European part of the country right up to Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia, in the Asian part - up to the southern state borders.
The adult rum is painted simply, but very elegantly.
In the male, the upper side is smoky gray with a slight pinkish-wine tinge. Forehead, throat, stripes above the eyes and the back of the cheeks are sulphurous yellow; the front of the crown, "ears", cheeks, a large spot on the goiter and lower throat are black. Belly and undertail are white. Wings and tail are dark brown. A characteristic difference rums are their black, slightly curved "horns", or "ears", of narrow black feathers, located on both sides of the back of the crown.
Together with the field bird, it is one of the most common and widespread birds in most areas of the central strip of the Union. It leads a sedentary life and is found in these places throughout the year.
The crested lark is colored very similar to the field lark, but somewhat dimmer and grayer than it. Its distinguishing feature is a pointed crest of rising dark brown feathers, which is located in the middle of the crown.
All larks are either sedentary (black, crested, and for the south field), or one of our earliest spring birds arriving. “The snow is still whitening in the fields”, and from the azure heights the inspired ringing trills of larks are already rushing, which, fluttering their wings, almost motionless, “hang” in the blue sky, or less often sing their “hymns to spring”, sitting on some snow-free mound or on a spring thaw.
Interestingly, the awakening of the "spring instincts", expressed in singing, begins very early in black larks. Black larks winter in large numbers in the steppes of Central Kazakhstan with their harsh winter, sharply continental climate. Here is a small extract from my diary devoted to this issue: “1945 ... The temperature at 8 am is -2 ° C. A snowstorm is blowing with a little snowfall. On the highway (not far from the city of Karaganda) there are many flocks of black larks, in which, as always in autumn and winter, black males keep separately from gray females, grouping in one-color and same-sex flocks. Despite the severe frost and snowstorm, the males begin to sing.
A few larks sit on piles of rubble prepared for repairing the highway, as well as on posts of land surveying signs and purr, still very timidly, their "spring" songs. From time to time, then one, then another of them, or even several at a time, rise up and, swayed by gusts of wind, fly in circles, strongly flapping their wings, “current flight” over their comrades, again singing their trills. It seems that they do not care about the thirty-degree frost, nor the blizzard penetrating through." . .
The lark is caught in early spring at special “lark” points arranged on spring thawed patches using bows and hiding places.
Caught larks in the first days of captivity beat quite strongly in cages, but very soon, placed in cages with soft tops (which are hung in higher rooms), they begin to sing.
The song of the larks, which at first sounds in an undertone, gradually intensifies, the bird begins to sing it louder and louder, and usually by the end of the first month of being in captivity, the "successful" lark "rattles" in full voice.
“In terms of hunting, the whirligig takes second place after the nightingale and is recognized as the best singer of all larks,” writes I.K. Shamov, but, he adds, “it seems that it is still debatable who should be given the advantage: Yulia or the field lark. True, the scattering and clatter of the spinning top are wonderful. . . but the scatterings of the field lark and its whistles also do not leave much to be desired. and, of course, among all songbirds that are kept in cages, the singing of larks - yule, field and dzhurbay - is one of the most melodic and musical, it sounds almost continuously, with great enthusiasm and passion.
The field lark is one of the earliest spring birds: it arrives with the appearance of the first thawed patches in the fields. This is a field bird, excellently running on the ground. The protective coloration of the lark allows him to hide in the field even in spring, when there is still no vegetation.
Lark is an outstanding singer who most often sings on the fly, tirelessly fluttering his wings. His song flows continuously, one sound passes into another, and it lasts for long minutes or even hours, without a definite beginning and end. In captivity, the lark is a shy bird that does not get used to people well. For a long time after capture, he beats in a cage at the slightest fright. At the same time, the bird takes off straight up, like a candle, as it used to do in a field where there are no obstacles. This is why, perhaps more than any other shy bird, the lark needs a cage with a soft, linen top. The lark is used to running on the ground and does not sit on tree branches in nature, so perches are not needed in its low cage, but its floor area should be large.
If the lark sings not in flight, but on the ground, he climbs to some elevation in the field, usually just on a lump of earth. Therefore, you need to put a piece of turf in the bird's cage. It is from this elevation that he will sing his songs. It happens that larks transmit the voices of birds heard in captivity. I. I. Goremykin told me about such a singer. His lark reproduced in full the songs of the spinning top and the great tit, and in part the songs of the Chernogolovka warbler.
You can keep a lark in a common aviary. On its earthen floor, it perfectly demonstrates the benefits of protective coloration: it is very difficult to see a hidden bird even in a completely open place. For this reason, it is rarely possible to see it in nature. In the aviary, the lark is even more shy than in the cage. Taking off, it can easily break on the mesh ceiling or walls. Therefore, a newly caught bird cannot be released into the aviary; you need to keep it in a cage for a while. The larks did not sing in my aviary.
Birds need both grain and animal feed. They willingly eat all kinds of mealy foods, such as oatmeal. You should give them cereals and grated carrots, a small amount of ant eggs and a few mealworms a day. LB Boehme also recommends boiled meat.
Catching larks is successful mainly in spring, from arrival, when the birds are hungry and stay in the fields on thawed patches. The latter can be a natural point that migratory larks notice from afar and descend to feed on it. Brown coloration with ocher light strokes on a dark back and brown on a light chest, a flat crested cap - such is the modest outfit of the spinning top, or forest lark. "For all its simplicity, it is graceful and even beautiful. The song of the spinning top is strong, sonorous and pleasant. Among our this is without a doubt one of the best singers. The song is similar to the well-known song of the field lark, but it is sung more sincerely, more slowly and, most importantly, with breaks between individual stanzas. In the cage, the spinning top willingly sings even in the evening, by fire, which the field lark usually does not do Even the invocative cry of this bird, consisting of three notes, sounds amazingly melodious: “ti-turli”.
With attention to the bird and patience, it is quite quickly and well tamed, which cannot be said about its field brother. However, in captivity, the spinning top is weaker than him, as a rule, does not live for a long time and often suddenly dies for an unknown reason. Lullula arborea. Local name: yulka (Tataria, Ulyanovsk region). A good spinning top in a common aviary. Here you only need to protect the bird in every possible way from hemp, which is fatal for her. Yula runs all day long on the floor of the enclosure and very rarely uses perches and other visits. The cell must be as low and large in area as for a lark ..
Yula is largely insectivorous and habits are more reminiscent of a forest pipit than its relative, a field lark. You can feed it like a field lark, but you should give a little less cereal and more ant eggs and mealworms.
Ryum, the horned or polar lark, is a rare bird in a cage. This is understandable: it nests in the tundra and in our country, in the middle lane, it happens only on migration - in autumn and spring.
Of all the larks, the rum is my favorite: it has a very original appearance. It is somewhat larger in size than the field lark, the color of the body is brownish above and white below, and the head is two-tone: from a combination of black and lemon-yellow colors. Spectacular in the eye is a black band on the goiter and peculiar horns - elongated black feathers on the sides of the head.
The rum does not shine with song. It is sung quietly, melodic, but not as diverse in sound as the song of the field and forest larks. Due to the bright coloring, the rum is very good in the general aviary. Of all the larks, it is the most granivorous and hardy in captivity. He eats the same thing as them, but in his behavior he looks more like a field lark than a forest lark.
My favorite ryum for the whole summer could not get used to a person enough to take food from his hands. When I entered the cage, he flew up from the corner where he constantly sat with an alarming and very melodic "phly" and calmed down only after a few minutes. I have never seen a shot glass sit on branches. This is a true ground bird. Ryum has an original appearance.