Open your business farm. How to start farming business plan. What type of activity can be chosen additionally

Many people aspire to become a farmer.

Some - because they have long wanted to move to live in the village, others - because of their desire to have their own plot of land, and still others - see this status as a prospect for good earnings.

But whatever the reason for choosing, being a farmer is really profitable.

The relevance of the idea

First of all, it is worth noting that the crisis in interstate relations in 2014-2016. exposed the problem of Russian agriculture, comparing it with an unplowed field of black soil. Those. there is fertile ground for the development of the private sector in this area, but so far there has been no state support.

Up to a certain point in Russia there was a policy of free trading, in which they did not favor their own agricultural producer, giving preference to products of foreign origin. And the current turn towards protectionism is an opportunity, including for novice farmers.

The second fact, which testifies not only to the relevance, but also to the prospects of the farming business, is the wide opportunities for its directions. You can do it, you can livestock, grow seedlings or, etc.

And the third, indisputable, fact is the physiological need of a person for food. In other words, people always need food, and therefore the farming business will never lose its client.

Pros and cons of this business

The advantage of farming, first of all, is the off-season business. Therefore, one should always give preference to differentiated case management, i.e. those areas that will allow you to earn income all year round.

In addition, the choice of several types of agricultural activity at once makes the whole business more sustainable: if one direction brings a loss, then the rest can be highly profitable and less risky. It also makes it possible to engage in experimental and exotic areas for the area in agriculture.

Farming allows you to build several industries on one platform at once. For example, availability gives biofertilizer for greenhouses. If greenhouse products are not fully sold, they can be used (if allowed) as feed for pigs. This reduces costs and, accordingly,.

But the farming business also has their shortcomings, in particular:

if a farmer is engaged in only one type of activity, then his entire business becomes highly risky;
The weather is one of the worst enemies of agriculture. Therefore, to minimize its impact on the future harvest, farmers must have substantial current assets to save their crops or animals;
if you do not look for direct access to the buyer, the farmer runs the risk of selling his products at a low price, which may not even pay off the cost of goods;
the constant rise in prices for fuel and fertilizers is a mandatory increase in the cost of the crop. Therefore, you should always look for options to reduce these costs.

But what business doesn't run into problems? Therefore, they need to be addressed - the success of his business depends on the mobility and flexibility of the businessman himself.

If you have not yet registered an organization, then the easiest this can be done using online services that will help you generate all the necessary documents for free: If you already have an organization, and you are thinking about how to facilitate and automate accounting and reporting, then the following online services will come to the rescue, which will completely replace an accountant in your enterprise and save a lot of money and time. All reporting is generated automatically, signed with an electronic signature and sent automatically online. It is ideal for an individual entrepreneur or LLC on the simplified tax system, UTII, PSN, TS, OSNO.
Everything happens in a few clicks, without queues and stress. Try it and you will be surprised how easy it got!

How to choose a branch of farming?

Do not think that you can engage in any kind of agriculture. The choice of one direction or another is influenced by many factors that will have to be taken into account.

Here are the main ones:

weather and climatic conditions . First of all, they determine what the future farmer will do and how much investment he will need for this. For example, in the north-west of Russia, the climate is very changeable and insidious in the north. Therefore, it is difficult to do without greenhouses there. However, in this region one can perfectly breed cows, goats, etc., since in the northwest most of the territories are occupied by meadows and many reservoirs;
remoteness from transport infrastructure . A large distance from a normal road leads to an increase in the cost of agricultural products and complicates the process of its implementation. Therefore, it is worthwhile to immediately pay attention to this when choosing a site;
nature of the terrain . It’s good if the farmer gets a flat meadow, but what if it’s a swampy area? Then you have to invest in order to raise such a site;
soil quality . It depends on what the farm will be focused on. If the soil is sandy, then carrots and, not surprisingly, strawberries grow well in it. In the black soil, of course, almost everything grows. But there are cultures that love the poorer land. Therefore, this issue should be dealt with.

But still, what can you do? For example:

crop production . It is very important that the territory allows, since many crops cannot be planted in the same place every year in a row, i.e. should be fertile. Moreover, it is necessary that the crops bear fruit as long as possible and as early as possible;
growing berries . Here, too, variety matters. For example, there are species or strawberries that give a harvest by autumn and before frost, but in July they “doze”. Therefore, it is important that varieties are planted that will allow harvesting for a long time and without interruption;
seedling cultivation . This is the real problem - seed germination. When the planting of the crop begins, it is like a lottery - it will sprout or it will not sprout. Therefore, seed guaranteed for germination can bring a large income. You can also add berry seedlings, shrubs, trees, etc. to this.
mushroom cultivation (or mushrooms). Now there are technologies that make this business year-round. Moreover, you can even buy mushrooms from villagers for the purpose of drying, canning, or even for resale as raw materials to factories;
animal husbandry . This sphere cannot do without a closed cycle. Those. if you are only engaged, for example, in the production and sale of milk, then this is not profitable. But if milk is used to produce cottage cheese, sour cream and other products, the business has expanded opportunities that make it more investment attractive and sustainable;
beekeeping . This type of farming business requires knowledge. But if you deal with it on a large scale, you can attract experienced specialists to work. Moreover, bees are not only honey, but also wax, royal jelly, perga, propolis, etc. And this means that not only stores, but also manufacturers of cosmetics, medicines, etc. become customers of such an economy.

The main thing when choosing a type of agricultural activity is to remember the need to differentiate this business.

To learn how to get started to become a farmer, see the following video:

Small farm or big farm?

Very often, many farmers start small, since such an economy is less expensive, does not require solid investments, allows you to try your hand and take into account mistakes in organizing the business. Of course, one should not immediately expect big profits from such an economy.

But this option less risky:

no need to hire labor - sometimes the efforts of one's own family and friends are enough;
allows you not to depend on external investments. This is very important when making decisions and distributing profits. Moreover, investors always put pressure on the business, which often leads to its death;
minimizes the tax burden;
allows you to experiment.

However, a small farm is always limited in consumer audience and it is more difficult for it to get bank loans. And here large farm- this is immediately a jerk:

such a business has fewer competitors in comparison with a small farm;
below - what the family business does not have;
with great pleasure they are given to him, since there is collateral;
more likely to promote such an enterprise than a small family farm;
production volumes are higher and more consumer audience.

However, a large farm means higher taxes and greater risk; it is the need to hire employees and, accordingly, social responsibility to them. In addition, such a farm requires machinery and equipment for its maintenance, since without them all work will become laborious and expensive. And this requires a solid investment in the business! As for the business, everything depends not on its scale, but on the promptness of the owner himself.

Business registration

If the farm is, then you will need:

- issued in two identical copies, one of which will remain with the tax authority, and the other after registration will be given with a mark to the company;
decision to establish an enterprise (if the founder is the only one) or (if there are two or more founders);
application for business registration with the tax authority form Р11001;
receipt of payment of state duty for registration of the company.

In addition, you will need to pay for the services of a notary to certify the signatures of the founders on the application.

You should immediately apply for the transition to a special regime within 30 calendar days after the registration of the enterprise or entrepreneur. Otherwise, the farm runs the risk of staying on, which is contraindicated in the initial stages of doing business. By the way, for agricultural producers there is a special regime - (Chapter 26.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). This special regime applies to both legal entities and entrepreneurs. But his choice is voluntary.

For you will need:

form statement;
receipt of payment of state duty;
a copy of the passport (or other identity document), if the documents are sent by mail. A copy is certified by a notary.

It should be noted that apply for registration both the future entrepreneur and the founders of the enterprise can:

through the Russian Post;
through a notary through telecommunication channels with the certification of a package of documents;
directly to the tax authority (if a package of documents is submitted by a representative, then his authority must be confirmed by a notary);
through the MFC.

When submitting documents for registration, the applicant must have a passport (or other identification document) with him.

Registration is ongoing 3 days from the date of receipt of all documents in the tax office. No licenses are required for agricultural activities.

Starting capital: where to get it?

This is the hardest part! The fact is that now banks do not provide loans for organizing a business, but issue them to existing firms.

So there are only four most likely options:

attract an investor. This will require a guaranteed income;
obtaining an ordinary consumer loan secured by the property of an individual. But it is worth taking it only at the bank - the interest is lower;
loan from friends or relatives. But such borrowing will necessarily require the conclusion of an agreement that will help to avoid claims;
grant to start your own business. You should learn about its receipt by writing directly to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. You can do this through their official website. They respond quickly and in detail. It makes sense to ask, since there is a lot going on right now. The same letter can be sent to the regional authorities.

There are no other options for financing the new venture. If only to sell your own apartment!

A personal experience of receiving a farm subsidy is described in the following video:

How to sell products?

- this is something to think about right away.

As a rule, for farmers there is many implementation options your harvest, in particular:

direct search for large, wholesale customers. These can be shops, restaurants and wholesale depots;
participation in fairs. But they are not often held and are full of competitors;
opening your own store. It can be a farm grocery store, a small stall, or both (which is much better).

The most important thing in promotion is advertising. But you should not immediately rush to its expensive types. Often flyers, flyers and other similar ways of informing consumers are more effective and mobile than banners or even media advertising.

But promotion should be comprehensive, and the Internet should not be forgotten. Now the lion's share of communication between the seller and the buyer takes place precisely through Internet resources.

Farming is a lot of work. But it allows you to generate income. Moreover, with the right organization of the business and its promotion, this business is able to expand rapidly. Especially now it is very profitable to do it!

An example of a farm is presented in the following video:

Here we will consider information on how to open a farm, what is needed for this, a business plan for opening a peasant farm.

For reference: a peasant farm (abbr. KFH) is a commercial organization (usually on a family basis) that produces agricultural products for sale and profit. An enterprise is called a farm if at least 70% of the total profit is received from agricultural products.

Thanks to the implementation of a number of state programs to support farms, as well as the introduction of tax incentives, manual farm labor in many regions of Russia has become a fairly promising type of business. If you and your family want to start a farm, then this information will help you "estimate" how much it costs to start this business and how to take the first successful steps in the agricultural business.

Business plan

We present you an example of a farming business plan for you to fill out yourself. We did not publish here an already completed example, because. The numbers vary greatly from case to case. In addition, peasant farms are different in terms of the “set” of activities.

Keep in mind that statistics show that large, multi-specialized farms are more resilient to market changes. They give a more stable profit and, moreover, quickly pay off. True, the opening of such will require a rather impressive amount and a lot of time at the initial stage.

Possible areas of your activity

cultivation

Grain crops: wheat, barley, oats, rye, millet, corn, buckwheat, sunflower.
Vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, pumpkin, peppers, carrots, potatoes, eggplants.
Greens: onion, garlic, dill, parsley.
Berries and fruits: strawberries, cherries, cherries, plums, prunes, watermelons, melons, pears, apples, apricots.

This list, of course, can be replenished, but here are the most traditional and popular crops that are in stable demand every year on the territory of any city in the Russian Federation. Therefore, if you decide to open a farm, then pay attention to these crops.

Breeding

Pigs, cows, rabbits, sheep, goats, horses.
Beekeeping.
Poultry farming: broilers, laying hens, geese, ducks, turkeys, pheasants, ostriches.
Fish farming: carp, trout, silver carp, sturgeon, pike, carp, catfish.

Additional activities

The advantage of opening your own farm is that you can extract additional, sometimes even more substantial profit from each type of activity, because you will not need to purchase raw materials for your production, because. you have your own, and the prices for finished products are usually even higher.

If you are engaged in the cultivation of vegetables and fruits on your farm, then you can additionally produce frozen vegetables and fruits.
If you are breeding, for example, pigs and cows, then you can produce stew, sausages and other meat delicacies. And also, in the case of cows, various dairy products: milk, cheese, cottage cheese, sour cream, etc.
If you are engaged in the cultivation of cereals, then we can produce flour, cereals in bags, as well as various bakery products, that is, open your own bakery.

And this list can go on and on.

How to open a KFH (farm) - registration procedure

So, how to create a farm (KFH) on your own and what you need to open it.

The procedure for the formation of the Federal Law of June 11, 2003 N 74-FZ "On the peasant (farm) economy" (as amended on December 28, 2010 N 420-FZ).

Article 3. The right to establish a farm

Capable citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons have the right to establish a farm;
Farm members can be:
- spouses, their parents, children, brothers, sisters, grandchildren, as well as grandparents of each of the spouses, but not more than from three families. Children, grandchildren, brothers and sisters of members of the farm owner may be admitted as members of the farm when they reach the age of sixteen;
- citizens who are not related to the head of the farm. The maximum number of such citizens cannot exceed five people.

Article 4. Agreement on the establishment of a farm

In the case of the creation of a farm by one citizen, the conclusion of an agreement is not required.
Citizens who have expressed a desire to create a farm enter into an agreement among themselves.

Article 5. State registration of a farm

A farm is considered established from the date of its state registration in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

What you need to register a KFH

Pay the state duty;
Certify the application for registration with a notary;
Prepare a package of documents for the IFTS;
Submit documents to the IFTS;
Get registration documents;
Registration in the Funds;
Pick up a letter with statistics codes from Rosstat;
Open a current account.

State support for agriculture

If you want to take a loan, then do not count on a loan for farmers, because. it is issued only to farms included in the program for the development of the agro-industrial complex. Besides, there still need a lot of guarantors.

If you have not yet reached retirement age and do not work anywhere, you can register as unemployed and apply for self-employment in agriculture. Then it will be possible to receive 50-60 thousand rubles from the state for opening an individual entrepreneur in the field of agriculture.

useful links

State support for beginner farmers and family livestock farms // Portal of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation

There are several forms of doing business, depending on the type and scale of commercial activity. When starting a business from scratch, many people prefer the design of an IP, as this is a fairly simple and quick procedure. But if a person decides to engage in agricultural activities, he can also register a farm. To understand what is better - an individual entrepreneur or a peasant farm, and choose the optimal form of doing business, you need to understand the intricacies of each of them.

KFH as a type of activity

Peasant farming (KFH) is represented by a group of people who are most often relatives, or for some other reason have joint property and are engaged in agriculture for profit. Members of the KFH are engaged in the production of products, their processing, storage, transportation and sale. A peasant farm can produce any product, but only if it is agricultural: poultry meat, livestock, vegetables, cereals.

If you are going to produce products of a different kind, such a form of business as KFH will not suit you.

What are the benefits

KFH has a number of advantages:

support and privileges from the state;
grace period in taxation;
the possibility of using large land plots, the area of which exceeds 2.5 hectares;
the possibility of obtaining grants under support programs from various foundations;
official registration of employees;
preferential conditions for obtaining loans for the purchase of land and equipment;
in the absence of violations on the part of the legislation, peasant farms are not subject to inspection by commissions from the local government.

Therefore, many rural residents who have sufficient initial capital for the development of agricultural business prefer to create a peasant farm.

Disadvantages of KFH

Unfortunately, no form of business is perfect. And KFH has disadvantages, which, however, are not so many:

High costs for registration of a farm in comparison with a conventional IP.
Mandatory use of land for its intended purpose. That is, if your land is intended for growing cultivated plants, you cannot graze livestock on it.
A participant in such a farm can be a member of only one peasant farm.

Agricultural business is characterized by rather long payback periods. And if you want to speed up the process of making a profit, as well as have some guarantees for yourself, you should follow a few recommendations:

What is IP

An individual entrepreneur (individual entrepreneur) is an individual, a person who has officially formalized commercial activities and pays taxes. That is, an entrepreneur does not formalize a legal entity in order to engage in a certain type of business.

Registration of an IP is a fairly simple procedure that does not require a long time and significant financial costs. Therefore, this way of doing business is suitable for those who want to start their own business from scratch.

Who can establish a KFH

Both a group of people and one person - the head of the KFH - IP can create a KFH. That is, the founder of the farm must already be an individual entrepreneur. Therefore, the concepts of KFH and IP are closely related.

If the farm will include more than one person, an agreement must be concluded between the co-owners. This document includes the following sections:

General provisions on the work of the farmer's association.
Information about the head of KFH.
Rights, duties and responsibilities of all members of the KFH.
Rules for entry and exit from the peasant economy.
Regulations on the transfer of personal property to the ownership of KFH.
Distribution of profits from the activities of the economy.

Package of documents for registration

Only one of the members of the society takes part in the design of the KFH - the head of the KFH with the status of an individual entrepreneur. To register, he must collect a package of documents:

A notarized statement on the creation of a peasant farm with the signature of the head of the economy.
Agreement between members of the KFH.
A copy of the passport of the person in whose name the company is registered.
Copies of passports of all members of the household.
TIN of all members of the peasant farm.
Copies of certificates confirming family ties of co-owners.
List of OKVED codes.
Bank details.
Receipt for payment of the fee.

KFH members

As we have already said, the members of the KFH are mainly relatives: spouses, parents and children, sisters with brothers and more distant relatives. Their number in the composition of the farm is not limited. For other people who cannot confirm family ties with the head of the peasant farm, there are 2 rules:

It is possible to accept strangers into society, but only so that their total number does not exceed 5.
The maximum number of different families in a society is 3.

Registration Forms

Previously, it was possible to register a peasant farm as a legal entity, or to stop at an association of people, among which one would have the status of an individual entrepreneur. But in 2003, the Law on KFH was adopted, in which there was no talk of registering a legal entity. Since that time, the heads of communities are required to draw up an IP and submit reports on their own.

In what cases is a legal entity formed?

If you want to run an agricultural business with a large number of partners who are not your relatives, you will not be able to issue a KFH. Registration of an individual entrepreneur of one of the participants and hiring others under an employment contract does not give guarantees to partners and does not protect their rights. In this case, the best option would be to register an LLC.

IP - head of the KFH

The main advantage of creating a peasant farm is that there is no need to register an enterprise. The main thing is that one of the members of the community has the appropriate status.

The head of a peasant farm is called an individual entrepreneur, and a farming society is opened at the place of his registration.

The head of the KFH performs all organizational work:

acting on behalf of the community;
organizes his work;
signs all necessary documents;
makes transactions with distributors;
hires employees;
maintains all records;
submits reports.

LPH or KFH

The closest form of agricultural activity to peasant farms is private household plots. The difference between personal subsidiary farming and peasant farming is as follows:

The owner of private household plots works informally, he does not need to register as an individual entrepreneur, pay taxes and provide reports.
The owner of the subsidiary farm cannot issue declarations and quality certificates for his products. Therefore, he makes products more for his own consumption, and not for sale. The activity of the KFH provides mainly for making a profit.
Private household plots for growing crops can use no more than 2.5 hectares of land. While for peasant farms there is no limitation in land resources.
The head of a peasant farm has more chances to get a loan, as he is perceived as an individual entrepreneur, and not a private person.

As you can see, PSP is not a way of doing business; in order to make a profit, it is recommended to create a farm. But, unfortunately, not everyone can afford to buy a large plot of land. Others do not want to live in the countryside just to start a family business.

Accounting KFH

Since the KFH is not a legal entity, the head of the community, in accordance with the federal law of December 29, 1995 No. 222-FZ, can keep records using a simplified system. Accounting reports, according to the law, must be kept according to the book of income and expenses. But different KFHs can differ greatly in their scale. For large farms, the system of accounts and double entry will be the most familiar. It allows you to reflect in detail all business operations and processes.

Tax incentives for peasant farms

After receiving a certificate of registration of a peasant farm, the head of the community must choose a taxation system. Most often, in this case, a single agricultural tax is chosen, in which the community pays 6% of the profit every six months. But for farms there is a grace period for paying taxes, which is 5 years from the date of registration of the IP by the head of the peasant farm. During this period, the economy does not pay taxes, which has a good effect on the payback period of the business.

State support for peasant farms

KFH is one of the few forms of doing business that has received significant support from the state:

Support in lending to agricultural producers. Subsidies are assigned to companies to cover part of the cost of paying the interest rate of the loan.
Financial assistance in the form of grants and one-time assistance for the creation and development of peasant farms.
Property support in the form of transfer of ownership of land plots, non-residential premises, vehicles, equipment, machinery, inventory and other state property on the basis of a lease agreement on preferential terms.
Compensation of the social insurance fund in case of loss of a breadwinner.

Summing up

You have already understood that the concepts of KFH and IP are closely intertwined. But in its purest form, these two types of business have significant differences. For a clear example, we have created a table of differences, which is better - a peasant farm or an individual entrepreneur:

Criterion		Individual entrepreneurship
Number of members of the organization	An unlimited number of people who are related, in other cases - no more than five.	One man
Registration	Only the head of the KFH is registered, but an agreement is required in the case of several co-owners.	Registration of one person with the provision of information about his personality.
Income distribution	Between all members of the society, according to the agreement.	All income belongs to the entrepreneur.
Responsibility	It is distributed among all participants of the KFH, in accordance with the relevant provision in the agreement.

New government programs, combined with tax incentives, are now making farming a promising business. This activity is aimed at making a profit through the production of agricultural products.

Employment selection

Before you figure out how to start a farm, you need to decide on the main type of activity. Diversified enterprises can be created if there is a significant start-up capital. And to open a small farm, where family members will mainly work, you need to choose a narrow focus. This may be the cultivation of vegetable or fruit crops, breeding poultry, pigs, beekeeping.

The direction of activity should be selected so that it is interesting to you. If you are afraid of bees, then there is no point in making an apiary. Also, do not start growing vegetables if you do not like gardening.

Preparatory stage

Before starting any activity, you need to assess your capabilities. It is for this that it is important to develop a business plan for a farm. The first stage includes the search for land. If you do not have the necessary land in the property, then it can be rented. It is better to choose plots of land in such a way that it is easy to get to passing roads and large settlements from them.

Better to find an abandoned farm. Restoring it will cost less. It is much more difficult and expensive to start a business from scratch.

Business plan preparation

Before you start preparing the necessary documentation, it is important to calculate all costs and possible income. But it must be remembered that agriculture is considered a risky business. Animals can die from epidemics of disease, vegetables can not grow due to adverse weather conditions, fruits can suffer from the invasion of harmful insects, sudden frosts or hail.

The farm business plan should include cost information. In vegetable growing, for example, these include not only the purchase of seeds, but also the costs of the necessary fertilizers, the organization of irrigation, if necessary, the payment for the work of involved people, and the transport costs for delivering the harvested crop to the nearest retail outlets. Do not forget about the need to attract third-party organizations with special equipment for seasonal tillage.

Only after the final calculation of all expenses can one begin to estimate the potential income. To calculate the profitability of crop production, you need to find out the approximate yield of crops in your area and multiply it by the average cost of production per season. This is how you determine your potential earnings.

Financing

One of the main problems that many farmers face is finding funds. In order to apply for a loan, you need a competent farming plan. Only in this case, you can count on receiving money. If you are not ready to pay large percentages for the use of funds, then pay attention to government programs designed to support the development of agriculture.

A good business plan improves your chances of getting a loan. But money under preferential programs is issued only to those who have fixed assets and at least some experience in this area. You can get a loan for a period of 5 years on attractive terms with a reduced interest rate. At the same time, payments on loans granted under state programs can be started only one year after they are granted.

Preparation of documents

It is worth noting that, in addition to the development plan, you must have all the necessary papers confirming that you are officially running a business. The farm must be registered with the tax authority. Indigenous people who plan to start farming can count on receiving land plots from local authorities.

The right approach

Having calculated the possible expenses and incomes and legally registering the business, you can start working. If you have an idea of where to start farming, then it will be easier for you. Otherwise, it is better to find a person who understands this kind of activity. This may be an agricultural worker with special education and experience.

If you want to do crop production, but you have a small allotment, then it is better to install greenhouses. This will allow you to get additional profit due to an earlier harvest. Many farmers, who now have several thousand hectares of land at their disposal, started from small plots.

It is equally important to use modern technologies. They are designed to make life easier for the farmer and significantly increase the productivity of his labor.

Benefits of agricultural activity

Currently, the development of farming is one of the priority areas. The state is allocating colossal funds to support entrepreneurs who are ready to work in the industry. Programs for concessional lending to such businesses are being actively introduced. The taxation system has also been simplified for farmers.

The state strives to ensure that people do not think about where to start farming, but act. For example, in 2012-2014, grants were allocated to start agricultural activities. But they were given only to young farmers. The government wants large subsidiary farms to move to a new stage of development. They must produce enough products to be enough for sale. This will eliminate many imported goods.

For example, one of the priority areas is the cultivation of dairy cows. At present, it is rather poorly developed in Russia. And if there are investments, a competent approach and the establishment of production, one can claim to cover a significant part of the market.

Potential Issues

Not many seek to engage in agriculture due to the fact that it requires significant labor costs. As a rule, at the initial stages you have to work on your own. Of course, with the expansion of production, at the stage when you yourself can already give advice on where to start farming, labor is partially mechanized, more employees appear.

The development of this sphere is also hindered by the fact that large investments are needed to start operations. Combined with the fact that the agricultural business is quite risky, and investments can stretch over several years, this becomes a serious obstacle. Of course, in crop production, with a good combination of circumstances, you can return the investment in one season. In animal husbandry, one cannot count on quick profits.

When it comes to borrowing money, many people face the following problem. The farmer takes money for business development, invests it. But the first return on investment will be only after a few months or years, and the loan and interest must be paid immediately. That is why it is so important to keep an eye on government funding programs that offer preferential terms and make it possible to defer the first payment for a year.

Many enterprising villagers sooner or later think about how to start a farm. Profits from own or rented land can become a family business. To register a farm, it is first determined in which direction the activity will be carried out.

Farm Features

A capable adult person has the right to form a KFH. He may have Russian citizenship, foreign citizenship or none at all.
The head of the KFH should head it.
All direct relatives, up to a maximum of three families, can be members of a KFH. For example, husband, daughter, sister, grandmother, grandson, etc.
Younger family members are accepted into the farm after 16 years.
It is allowed to have people in the household who do not have family ties with the head. There can be no more than 5 people.
The property of the farm belongs to all its participants. The person who left the farm is entitled to compensation, which is commensurate with his share.
Each member of the farm is obliged to personally participate in its activities.

Opening KFH: step by step instructions

KFH, like any farming in Russia, is engaged in the cultivation and processing of agricultural products. First you need to determine which field of activity you attribute yourself to - growing animals or plants. Later, you can combine several directions at once, but at the initial stage, one is chosen.

A person who decides to open a peasant farm must have skills and experience in the chosen type of activity or in any other agricultural direction. If a person has an agricultural education, then this will positively affect the management of the economy.

The main condition for any peasant farm is the availability of a land plot. Whether it is owned or rented, it doesn't matter. The site must be suitable for conducting the selected economic activity on it.

Drafting an agreement

According to federal law, all interested persons, before opening a KFK, must draw up and conclude an agreement. If the farm is created by one person, then this document is not necessary.

The agreement must include the following information:

head appointment;
information about all members of the farm;
their rights and obligations;
the procedure for the formation and disposal of KLF property;
the procedure for admitting a new member to the farm;
the procedure for terminating the agreement with the household of the withdrawing person;
scheme of distribution of agricultural products.

What documents are required to open a KFH

The farm begins to exist after registration with the state body. To do this, you need to submit the collected documents to the IFTS, which refers to the place of residence of the head. Registration of a KFH resembles the design of an IP. Preparation of a package of documents usually does not require the involvement of a third party.

Documentation	Explanations
Agreement of this KFH	It must be signed by all members. Copies of documents that confirm the relationship of all participants will need to be attached to it. If there is only one member of the farm, then a decision is provided on the creation of a peasant farm, drawn up according to the model
Application for registration of KFH	Form P21002. It can be downloaded from the Internet or taken from the tax office
Receipt for payment of state duty	Its cost is 800 rubles. The duty is paid by the head of the KFH. If registration is denied, the fee will not be refunded. When resubmitting, payment is made again
Passport of the head of the peasant farm	You can use a copy

The head of the peasant farm has the opportunity to send documents to the tax service in several ways:

Personally.
Through the FTS website.
Through a representative.
By mail with an attachment description.

If the package of documents will not be transferred personally, then it will need to be certified by a notary. It is important to provide reliable information regarding the relationship of members to the tax authorities. If during the check it turns out that the information is false, then the KFH will be liquidated within the prescribed time frame.

KFH registration process

The accepted documents are considered by the tax service specialists for 5 days. When the decision is made, the documents will be handed over personally or sent by mail. With a positive registration result, the head of the peasant farm receives the following documents from the Federal Tax Service:

extract from USRIP;
notice of registration with the IFTS;
certificate of state registration of the head of the peasant farm.

This concludes the hassle of registration. After receiving the papers, the members of the educated farm can start work. KFH also need to register with the statistical authorities, which usually inform themselves about this.

tax regime

The most favorable taxation regime for farming is the UAT. The calculation takes into account VAT, income tax and property tax.

Only those farms in which 70% of the activity falls on the production of agricultural products have the right to use this taxation system. They also have special benefits.

Attention! Without submitting an application for the choice of unified agricultural tax, by default, the peasant farm is listed on the OSNO. It is recommended to write an application for the choice of this taxation system immediately when submitting papers to the IFTS. Otherwise, the already existing peasant farm on the OSNO, which has submitted an application for the ESHN, will be able to switch to it only from next year.

State support for KLF

The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia supports start-up farmers through various programs. To determine the type of support that a particular farm in a particular region can count on, you need to contact the local agricultural authorities. They will advise on existing programs, requirements and how to arrange everything correctly.

What can the government finance?

subsidy for the purchase of fuel and lubricants;
special tax regime with a five-year grace period;
government order;
information and advisory assistance;
adjustment of tariffs and prices.

Small businesses and peasant farms can count on the following support from the regional administration:

redemption of leasing special equipment;
assistance in the implementation of projects important for the region.

There is a whole program to support rural areas, which involves the placement of young professionals to work in agriculture on favorable terms. To do this, they can be provided with housing, etc.

Where to get a land plot for a peasant farm

The land on which farming is to be carried out must be for agricultural use. The land allotment is registered in the property or is taken on lease.

The head of the peasant farm will have several options for choosing a land plot:

Rent from the municipality.
Rent from the owner.
Purchase of agricultural land.
Free land for peasant farms.

In the first case, an application for the desire to rent a plot is submitted to the local government. But here you will have to face some bureaucratic nuances. If you want to avoid them, you can rent land from a private person. In this case, the owner of the allotment has the right to independently establish the value of the land, while often overestimating it. By agreement of the parties, a lease agreement is drawn up.

If you want to become the owner of the land yourself, then you should conduct a thorough check of the documents from the seller. It is recommended that you read the extract from the USRR to find out about the actions that the owner performed with the site. When buying agricultural land, there is one caveat: if the state authorities want to buy the same plot, the advantage is on their side.

Land allotment can be obtained completely free of charge for 6 years. This right is described in sub. 6 p. 2 art. 39.10 of the Land Code. The only requirement is that the purpose of use should be the maintenance of a peasant farm. The state transfers ownership of this site after 5 years, if all this time it has been used according to the established purposes.

What to do

Any peasant farm will have to engage in animal husbandry or crop production. It is allowed to additionally carry out activities for the processing of their products or purchased from neighboring farms.

The larger and more multifunctional the farm, the more specializations it will be able to cover. This will make it more resilient to any market situation. Such enterprises guarantee their participants a stable income, but at the initial stage and in the future, you will need to invest a lot of money.

crop production

The climate for growing a particular crop may vary, so you will need to choose a crop that will grow well in a given climate and soil. The salvation for a cold climate will be the installation of a greenhouse.

Cereals	Legumes	Vegetables	Fruits	Berries	Greenery	Mushrooms
Wheat	Beans	Tomatoes	Apples	Strawberry	Parsley	Champignon
oats	Lentils	Radish	Pears	Raspberries	Dill	oyster mushrooms
Barley	Peas	Potato	Peaches	Cherries	Sorrel	Honey mushrooms
Buckwheat	chickpeas	Beet	plums	Grape	Basil	Chanterelles
Sunflower	Soya	Carrot	Quince	Currant	cilantro	Shiitake

Breeding animals, fish and insects

If the climate is not suitable or the soul lies in another occupation, then you can head towards the breeding of all living creatures.

Additional profit

Peasant farming can have additional income from the processing and processing of grown products. For example, farms that grow a variety of crops can:

pack cereals;
grind flour;
oven bakery products;
preserve;
make ice cream, etc.

Pig farms may offer raw meat for sale or produce sausages. Peasant farms that breed cows make good money selling dairy products.

The opening of a peasant farm for a villager becomes an excellent alternative to any employment. And for a city dweller, such a business will be too difficult.

Before you open a peasant farm, you need to understand that you will have to work independently and a lot. The head of the farm does not become a director, but works on an equal footing with everyone else.