In this material:
The business plan for milk production includes the calculation of costs at the initial stage, current investments, and provides for the development of a profitable business in a private economy. The symbiosis of the livestock industry and milk processing requires specific knowledge, a thorough analysis of the sales market.
Milk and dairy products form the basis of the diet of both rural and urban residents. The development of the chemical industry has allowed large enterprises to reduce the cost of products by replacing natural components with artificial ones (by introducing additives). In addition, processing and packaging methods that extend the shelf life of milk have a negative impact on palatability.
It is not easy to buy natural milk in large cities, the number of cattle on collective farms is declining, so the development of private business is a promising direction that guarantees income. Starting investments depend on the planned scale: the number of cows, the presence / absence of premises in which the farm and dairy production will be located, equipment, and the number of employees.
Business Description
The principle of organizing the economy is to purchase animals, feed, followed by the sale of milk and dairy products wholesale and retail.
Important! Alternatively, you can limit yourself to buying processing equipment and using imported milk (buy in private farms). Own farm requires the creation of conditions for keeping cows and calves.
Product range
Whole milk becomes the basis for trade, however, some investments will expand this modest list:
- Sour cream.
- Cottage cheese.
- Natural yoghurts.
- Cream.
- Butter.
If space and money allow, you can buy machines for the production of powdered and condensed milk, dry cream, curds, curds. Buttermilk and whey, integral components of the process, are in no less demand among the population.
Location
The location directly depends on the direction of activity and the scale of the business.
- a farmer who plans to raise cows and process his own milk should focus on the countryside. In the village, one can also find a suitable ready-made building for a barn, and equip a processing plant in the immediate vicinity;
- if we are talking only about processing, then the industrial zone on the outskirts of the city is a suitable place for construction, purchase, rent.
The premises must have water supply, heating and electricity supply, ventilation, sewerage and meet the requirements of sanitary standards. A fire extinguishing and alarm system will be required. Large-scale production will require the equipment of a warehouse with refrigeration units.
The area of the barn depends on the number of livestock and how they are kept. Personnel must be able to freely approach the animals, feed and clean the stalls. The equipment is stored in a utility room.
Necessary equipment
When compiling a list of the necessary equipment, you need to start from whether the business will be based on your own keeping of cows or on the purchase and processing of someone else's products.
- Own livestock. For the maintenance and service of 2-4 cows, an ordinary barn with insulated floors and walls is suitable. Automated milking machines will cost, on average, from $ 450 per unit. A large barn for a large herd is easier to order on a turnkey basis, it requires investments, compliance with sanitary standards and an independent organization will take time, nerves and money.
- If we are talking only about milk, then we need devices for collecting and processing, as well as separators, butter churns, yogurt makers and other units, depending on the products being manufactured. You can think about a packaging line for milk, kefir, fermented baked milk, cream. Production on an industrial scale will justify the acquisition of a modular workshop, which allows processing up to 40 tons per day. With the help of such a mini-factory, it is possible to purify, cool, store and pack milk, obtain fermented milk products from it; there are warehouses for storage and amenity premises for workers. When fully loaded, the purchase of a mini-workshop is beaten off in 6-10 months.
Staff
The milk processing workshop works without breaks and days off (which is especially important if you have your own cows), so the work is organized in shifts (3 shifts of 8 hours) - a foreman and 2 workers (minimum) for equipment maintenance. On weekdays, a technologist and laboratory assistant should work, performing the analysis of manufactured products.
On small private backyards, all functions - milkmaids, cow care workers, processors and sellers - can be performed by 1 person or a married couple. Such work is hard, but the revenue will be much higher if it is not divided among several people. Large turnovers (from 500 kg per day) require rational organization of the technological process.
Raw material
There is no question of raw materials if the farmer keeps cows; in other cases, it is necessary to take care of stable purchases from the population, public or private farms.
Sales market
About who will buy delicious, but perishable dairy products, you need to think in advance. A small amount of kefir, milk, cottage cheese can be sold privately: on the market, according to certain agreements in the nearest settlement.
Large turnovers require the conclusion of contracts with shops and supermarkets. Milk must be packaged in accordance with the requirements of the SES and accompanied by all necessary documents.
Delivery
For delivery, you will need a refrigerator, you can buy your own (if funds allow) or rent.
Taxation
It is necessary to choose a taxation system. With a simplified system, this is 6% of turnover or 15% of profit.
State support for the industry Financial plan, expenses, prices
Detailed calculations can be found in the application below, or order an individual plan.
Yield and payback
If we do not take into account the construction of a barn and keeping animals, the purchase of a ready-made modular workshop, paperwork, laying down communications, the arrangement of the adjacent territory will cost from $ 250,000. We are talking about the organization of a full-scale production module aimed at the production of a wide range of products.
Monthly expenses include utility bills, wages, fuel costs and, in fact, the purchase of raw materials (if you don’t have your own).
The state invests in small businesses and allocates "lifting". Business at full load pays off within a year.
Milk production and processing is a profitable business, but it is advisable to start it when there is a prospect of uninterrupted sales.
A small private farm "takes" its client with fresh natural products. But it is quite difficult to compete with large holdings and processing plants by offering our little-known products that have undergone the same processing.
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It's no secret that dairy products have medicinal and healing properties. Milk contains vitamins A and B, as well as various micronutrients that are found exclusively in this product. We offer you a project that will provide income from useful products. Create your own dairy plant.
It is especially useful to consume dairy products for adolescents and children, because it is responsible for the formation of the bone skeleton. At first glance, it may seem that the market is oversaturated with dairy products and there will be no proper demand for them. However, this opinion is erroneous, since only single products on the market are of sufficient quality. The consumer will always appreciate a new and worthy product.
So, let's figure out what a dairy plant will be like. It should include various production shops and warehouses, laboratories and various storage facilities. The size of the premises directly depends on the scale of the one-time loading of milk.
The main difficulty in the implementation of this project will be meeting the requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological authorities in relation to the premises, as well as the satisfaction of finished products with various requirements of GOST. Attracting qualified personnel is also not the easiest task in this business.
In addition, remember that if you are a beginner businessman, then creating your own dairy plant is not the best start, since the activity is quite difficult and financially costly. According to statistics, the payback period of a large-scale project reaches from one to two years, and the profitability under positive other circumstances can reach 80%.
In order for your dairy business to be successful, make sure you have an effective business plan in advance. You can see such examples below.
Download dairy farm business plan
The business plan of the existing dairy plant JSC "Yuzhnouralsk Dairy Plant" is presented. Contains basic information about the initiators of the project, a description of its activities. A feasibility study of the effectiveness of the plant's activities was carried out. The main indicators are presented in tables, including production volumes, trade turnover, current and capital costs. Analyzed existing competitors in the market with their strengths and weaknesses. An effective marketing policy has been developed.
A business plan for a real-life enterprise, OAO Smolevichi Dairy Plant, has been developed. Contains a description of the enterprise and the range of products. The structure of enterprise management is presented, the analysis of its economic performance indicators is made. An analysis was made of the volume of production by the plant, its turnover. The composition and structure of production costs are analyzed, all calculated indicators are presented in tables. A list of risk factors that affect the activity is presented.
Contains business plans of PUE "Zhlobin Dairy Plant" and OJSC "Zhytomyr Dairy Plant". Much attention is paid to work related to labor protection. The experience of other advanced enterprises is presented. Possible business difficulties are considered, as well as methods for overcoming them. The mode of operation of the warehouse of spare parts, storage, procedure for their accounting and issuance has been developed. Rationing of various works and remuneration of employees of the enterprise was made. The requirements for the storage of vehicles are considered. An effective marketing policy of the enterprise has been developed.
The business plan of the dairy plant JSC Blagoveshchensky Dairy Plant is presented. Contains a description of the project and expected results. The scheme of the tree of the project goals is presented. The table provides a list of the management team and leading specialists. The business life cycle is divided into phases with their detailed characteristics. The development of the project budget, calculation of net present value, rate of return and payback period were carried out. A graph has been constructed that displays the rate of return of the created business.
A business plan for the dairy enterprise "Badge of Honor" was developed. A complete theoretical description of the plant has been made. A financial plan of the enterprise has been developed, in which the items of income are painted. Particular attention is paid to the personnel policy of the plant, the main blocks of management methods are compiled. An effective marketing policy of the enterprise has been developed. The priority directions of business development are presented. The rationale for the feasibility of such a business as a whole has been made.
Contains a business plan for an enterprise for the production of dairy products. A theoretical description of all organizational stages of activity is presented. A list of equipment necessary for milk processing has been developed. Contains a list of assortment products offered by the plant. Much attention is paid to raw materials, as well as possible suppliers with whom supply contracts have been concluded in advance in order to ensure the smooth operation of the dairy plant. The calculation of the main technical and economic indicators of the project efficiency was made.
The launch cost of which will be 18 million rubles, the payback is planned within three years. The plant itself is planned to be created from ready-made fully functional modular proposals.
Designed for 11 people staff. Dairy raw materials in this option are purchased from farms, and only processing takes place at the plant. Under the condition of producing only milk, such a plant will pay off in 30 months.
In which it is planned to invest no more than 70,000 rubles at the initial stage. For milk production, 3 cows are purchased, which are planned to be bred over time, simultaneously selling meat products.
Which is planned to be created on the basis of personal household plots. The development plan assumes at least 3 years of work, during which it is planned to find regular customers, provide stable wages to employees and get a net profit of 250 thousand rubles.
Compiled on the basis of experience in the production of dairy products "Merry Milkman". For the profitability of large-scale production, it is necessary to have at least 500 head of livestock. However, the figure can be reduced to 150 if we are talking about one working family.
Assuming the transfer of an obsolete agro-industrial enterprise into the mainstream of a market economy. The business plan provides and analyzes in detail data on the production of milk and dairy products in all regions of the country.
Assembled on the basis of studying the experience of the Zhytomyr Dairy Plant. In the business plan, special attention is paid to marketing development strategies and planning and modernization of production, taking into account modern technologies.
The purpose of which is a comprehensive solution of dairy production issues and the introduction of the latest technologies into the technological process. It is planned to work with 120 heads of forage cattle and systematic rearing of replacement young animals.
As well as related agricultural products. A large, detailed business plan, in which, on 80 pages, all aspects of agricultural activity are studied in detail and estimates of the financial effectiveness of the project are given
- Investments 17 9000 000 rubles
- Monthly revenue 2 240 000 rubles
- Net profit 577,000 rubles
- Payback 31 months
Purpose of writing a business plan: Evaluate the economic feasibility of acquiring a modular milk production plant.
When choosing a place for the organization of dairy production, it is necessary to carefully approach the choice of premises, as they are subject to special SanPina requirements.
The best option is to order a modular milk processing plant with installed equipment, since, firstly, it can be placed in a place convenient in terms of logistics, and secondly, all the requirements of SanPiN are taken into account in its design.
If you are only interested in marketing, then we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the passport of the enterprise for the retail trade of dairy products, which is based on the example of a real operating enterprise.
Milk processing equipment
After analyzing a number of proposals for the sale of ready-made modular dairy plants, we will focus on the analysis of the proposal from the Molokont company, which is a modular milk processing plant.
The plant includes a milk production workshop, consisting of 3 modules, designed for a one-time loading and processing of 2000 liters :
- Sanitary storage module;
- Laboratory module, which includes a laboratory with laboratory equipment, a dressing room and a sanitary inspection room;
- Household module, which includes a bathroom, a sanitary inspection room, a wardrobe and a staff rest room;
- The module of storage and shipment of products, which includes a cold store and an expedition.
The cost of a modular dairy plant includes:
- Factory project
- installation supervision
- Dedicated staff briefing
- Release of an experimental batch of products
- Warranty service
Before the installation of the plant, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work:
- foundation installation according to the terms of reference from MOLOKONT
- supply of utilities to entry points
- arrangement of the territory for a dairy plant in accordance with SanPiN 2.3.4.551-96
- sewerage device
- cooling system device (ice water generator/arterial well)
Range
The following products can be produced on the equipment installed at the Molokont dairy plant:
- pasteurized milk packed in PURE-PACK bags
- fermented milk drinks packed in PURE-PACK bags
- sour cream packed in plastic cups
- cottage cheese by weight
- weight cheese
- oil
- secondary raw materials of processing: whey, buttermilk.
Staff
Due to the fact that the dairy plant operates around the clock, 3 shifts of workers are required to service the plant (1 shift: 1st foreman and 2nd workers), a technologist and a laboratory assistant can work for a five-day working week with an 8-hour working day. The business owner will deal with the marketing of finished products and the purchase of raw materials at the initial stage.
To motivate staff, you can consider a bonus system, the employee will receive a fixed salary +% of output.
Transportation
Delivery of finished products and raw materials at the initial stage can be carried out by hired transport.
The volume of products produced by the analyzed modular plant is capable of distributing 1 Gazelle-type vehicle, 1 vehicle is required for the purchase of raw materials.
In total, 2 cars are required to service the plant.
Raw material for dairy plant
The purchase of milk is carried out in peasant farms, in agricultural firms, from rural residents.
The price of dairy products depends on the season, so in the summer season milk costs about 12-13 rubles per liter, in winter the cost of milk rises to 14.5-15.5 rubles per liter.
Markets
The sale of dairy products can be carried out in the following areas:
- Sales through large federal and regional grocery chains;
- Realization through wholesale companies engaged in the supply of products to various grocery stores.
Taxation.
The most acceptable form for a mini milk processing plant is a simplified taxation system (income minus expenses), form of activity: Limited Liability Company.
To work with buyers working with VAT, you can organize an "IP" with a form of taxation
3 personal income tax
Calculation of profitability, payback of a mini milk processing plant
Input data:
Mini plant performance: 2,000 liters per day
Type of manufactured products:
- Milk
- Sour-milk drinks
- Sour cream
- Cottage cheese
- Oil
Attachments: 17 905 802 rubles (capital costs + working capital)
Capital expenditures: 16 905 802 rubles
Working capital: 1,000,000 rubles (Purchase of raw materials, stationery, office equipment, etc.)
Number of staff
Revenue from the sale of dairy products:
- To simplify the calculations, we will assume that the plant produces only dairy products.
- With a daily output of the plant of 2,000 liters, the monthly output will be 60,000 liters.
- To calculate the revenue, let's take the cost of 1 liter of milk (in pure packs) 35 rubles.
- With the sale of 60,000 liters of products and a cost of 35 rubles per liter, the revenue of a mini milk processing plant will be 2,240,000 rubles per month.
The cost of production of dairy products:
The cost price is 18.5 rubles per 1 liter of products.
The cost calculation includes:
- Purchase of milk: 15.5 rubles per 1 liter
- Electricity costs: 1.5 rubles per 1 liter package
- Pure-pack package costs: 1.5 rubles per 1 liter package.
Total expenses per month
Profitability calculation
Payback calculation
The payback period for a mini milk processing plant is 31 months. This calculation is based on the fact that the plant produces only one product "milk", under the conditions of production of a wider range of products (sour milk drinks, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese, butter), then the payback period may be lower so the above listed products have a higher margin compared to milk.
To calculate the break-even point of a dairy plant, you will need our online break-even point calculation service.
Addition
If you need a detailed business plan with detailed calculations and market analysis of a particular region, you can order its development for your project. for detailed information from the site partner Moneymaker Factory of the consulting agency "MegaResearch".
This business requires significant financial investments and knowledge of the specifics of animal husbandry. If you are familiar with agriculture and do not count on instant profit, consider the possibility of milk production - this is promising.
In 2013, the situation on the dairy market in Russia remained difficult. The negative consequences of the 2012 drought were added to the traditional problems.
As a result, the number of livestock was seriously reduced and the productivity of the dairy herd decreased. Over the past ten years, such a decrease in the number of livestock was only in 2005. According to official data, the production of raw milk amounted to 15.5 million tons against 16.5 million tons in 2012.
This circumstance has caused increased competition among processors and led to an increase in milk prices. Milk is a product that you don’t have to worry about being in demand, it never stays on the shelves and is one of the essential food products. The task of an entrepreneur engaged in the production of milk is to ensure the quality and uninterrupted supply.
When choosing a place for dairy production, it is necessary to take into account the special requirements for enterprises of this kind. It seems to us that the best option is to purchase a modular milk processing plant, equipped with all the necessary equipment. Such plants are designed taking into account all sanitary requirements, and it can be placed much faster and more profitable than when building a room in the usual way.
Equipment
After analyzing and comparing several options for acquiring a modular dairy plant, we settled on the proposal of Molokont.
The set of a modular milk production plant includes a workshop consisting of 3 modules. The plant can process 2,000 liters of milk at a time. The modular plant consists of:
- production workshop - 5,452,720 rubles;
- sanitary storage module - 686,409 rubles;
- an equipped laboratory module with an antechamber and a sanitary inspection room - 777,370 rubles;
- a household module with a bathroom, a sanitary inspection room, a wardrobe and a rest room - 660,129 rubles;
- module with a refrigerator for storage and shipment of products - 846,470 rubles.
Total: RUB 8,423,098
The cost of a modular plant includes design, installation, staff training, production of a pilot batch, warranty service.
Before installation, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work on the device:
- foundation;
- engineering communications;
- territories, according to SanPiN 2.3.4.551–96;
- sewerage;
- cooling systems.
Range
Molokont equipment allows to produce:
- pasteurized milk in PYUR-PACK bags;
- fermented milk drinks in PYUR-PACK bags;
- sour cream in plastic cups;
- cottage cheese;
- oil;
- whey, buttermilk (secondary raw material).
Staff
The dairy plant must work around the clock, that is, in three shifts. Each shift has a foreman and two workers. For a technologist and laboratory assistant, a 5-day working week with an 8-hour working day is enough. To save money, the owner of the business can deal with the sale of products and the purchase of raw materials at first.
- Technologist - 1;
- Laboratory assistant - 1;
- Master - 3;
- Workers - 6;
Total - 11 people.
Delivery of finished products
Raw materials at the initial stages can be delivered by hired transport. One car will be enough to deliver finished products. Another machine will be needed to purchase raw materials. In total, two cars are enough to ensure the operation of the dairy plant.
Raw material
Milk is bought on peasant farms, in agricultural firms, from peasants. The price of milk depends on the season, in the summer - about 12-13 rubles. per liter, in winter the price increases to 14.5-15.5 rubles.
Sales market
You can sell dairy products through large grocery chains or wholesalers that supply dairy products to grocery stores.
Taxation
A simplified taxation system (income - expenses) is the most acceptable form for a mini-factory, in the form of management - a limited liability company.
For the convenience of cooperation with buyers working with VAT, you can register as an individual entrepreneur with a tax form of 3 personal income tax.
Yields and payback
The capacity of the modular milk production plant is 2,000 liters per day.
Product types:
- milk;
- dairy products;
- sour cream;
- cottage cheese;
- oil.
Financial investments, including capital costs and working capital, will amount to 17,905,802 rubles. (Capital costs: RUB 15,979,800).
- Foundation device - 500,000 rubles.
- Engineering communications - 1,000,000 rubles.
- Arrangement of the territory - 1,000,000 rubles.
- Sewerage - 1,000,000 rubles.
- Cooling system - 350,000 rubles.
- Purchase of a modular plant -8,424,000 rubles.
- Factory delivery - 105,800 rubles.
- Installation of the plant - 2,600,000 rubles.
- Working capital (purchase of raw materials, office equipment, etc.) - 1,000,000 rubles.
Number of staff and wages (months):
- Technologist (1 person) - 25,000 rubles.
- Laboratory assistant (1 person) - 15,000 rubles.
- Master (3 people) - 48,000 rubles.
- Workers (6 people) - 60,000 rubles.
Total: 11 people - 148,000 rubles.
Revenues from sales
To simplify the calculations, we will assume that the plant produces only milk. With a daily output of 2,000 liters, the output per month will be 60,000 liters. Let's take the cost of 1 liter of milk in a package - 35 rubles. Revenue per month will be 2,100,000 rubles.
Production cost:
- The cost of 1 liter of milk is 18.5 rubles:
- Purchase of milk (1 l) - 15.5 rubles.
- Electricity for the manufacture of one liter package - 1.5 rubles.
- Packaging costs - 1.5 rubles.
Total expenses per month:
- Expenses - 552,880 rubles.
- Salary - 148,000 rubles.
- UST (32%) - 58,880 rubles.
- Rent - 25,000 rubles.
- Transport (when ordering cars) - 75,000 rubles.
- Utility expenses - 35,000 rubles.
- Advertising - 50,000 rubles.
- Taxes - 25,000 rubles.
- Others - 100,000 rubles.
Yield calculation:
- Revenue - 2,100,000 rubles.
- Cost price - 1,110,000 rubles.
- Gross profit - 1,130,000 rubles.
- Expenses - 552,880 rubles.
- Net profit - 577,120 rubles.
- Profitability - 25.76%
Payback calculation:
- Net profit, rub. – 577 120
- Capital investments, rub. – 17 905 000
- Payback - 31 months.
After 31 months, the mini-factory should pay off, provided that only milk is produced. With the release of a wider range of dairy products (fermented milk products, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese, butter), the payback period will be reduced.